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专题 15 阅读理解之议论文
一、命题趋势
议论文是英语中的重要文体 ， 而其议论文 中涉及到的长句难句比较多，这就增加了阅
读理解的难度。议论文体裁文章写法或正反论证或提出问题，分析问题，解决问题或提出
论点，给出理由（证据），再重申论点。版权所有
二、题型概述
议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中
把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较
多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领
悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
2·1·c·n·j·y
三、选项特点
1．正确选项的特点
(1)、一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。作者一般从日常生活中的热点问
题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。然后，分析利弊，举
例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。
(2)、以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。
(3)、文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。
2．干扰选项的特点
(1)、可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。(2)、可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
(3)、可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。
解题技法
审题口诀：
议论把握三要素，论点论据与论述。
论点常现首尾句，阐明观点与态度。
事实数据与理论，只为论点来服务。
归纳演绎或比对，明达此理何须怵！
[方法1] 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是文章要表达的主
要思想内容；论据是作者所引用的用来证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、
事实例证、或是统计数据等，只要是对证明论点有利的材料都可作为论据使用；确定论点
和论据材料后，作者还需要将这些论据合理地组织在一起，就是我们所说的论证。
【典例剖析】
How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and
last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with
our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones?
Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone. American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks
we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But
of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist
Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we’re waiting for a
text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has
passed.”
But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine,
the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King’s College London found young
people couldn’t control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that
people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously,
which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.
Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don’t
just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an
automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette.One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their
phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things
that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect
with the real world!
【语篇解读】
本文是篇议论文。智能手机已经成为人们生活中不可缺少的部分，很多人也都形成了
手机依赖症。文章讲述了手机依赖症的特点及产生的问题，并希望人们能够多点时间放下
手机，投入到现实世界中来。
What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Benefits from Smartphones B．Addiction to Smartphones
C．Development of Smartphones D．Disadvantages of Smartphones
【详情解析】
主旨大意题。第一段“ But have we become addicted to our phones?(但是我们已经对手
机上瘾了吗？)”提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了描述，提出了人们对手机上瘾
的症状和产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B. Addiction to Smartphones(智能
手机成瘾)适合作本文标题。故选B。
【答案】B
[方法2] 互推法：
在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一
些议论。在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议
论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
【典例剖析】
I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way
of being a good parent. I no longer consider myself the center of the universe. I show up. I listen. I
try to laugh. I am a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows(誓约) mean
what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be
nothing to say to you today.
So here's what I wanted to tell you today:
Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion(提升), the bigger paycheck, the
larger house.
Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who love you. And
remember that love is not leisure(空闲); it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an email. Write a
letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted.
It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, and our minutes. It is so easy to exist
instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really bad happened to me,
something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been
changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all: I
learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world andtry to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that,
in part, by telling others what I had learned.
By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face. Learn to be happy. And
think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion(激情) as it
ought to be lived.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。文章作者认为工作不应该影响真正的生活，我们要过一种真实的生
活。
The underlined sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live.” in the fifth paragraph
probably has the same meaning as “________”
A．it is so easy to keep alive but not to live a real life
B．it is very hard to live a real life
C．it is so easy to make a living
D．it is more difficult to exist than to live a happy life
【详情解析】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion(提升),
the bigger paycheck, the larger house.”（获得一种生活。一种真实的生活，而不是对下一次
晋升、更高的薪水、更大的房子的渴望。）以及第五段第五句和第六句“And what I
learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all: I learned to love the journey,
not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back
because I believed in it, completely and totally. ”（我从中学到的，在今天看来，似乎是最艰
难的一课：我学会了热爱过程，而不是目的地。我学会了去看世界上所有美好的事物，并
试着将其中的一些回报给他人，因为我完全、完全地相信它。）可知，“It is so easy to
exist instead of to live.”的意思是活着很容易，但过真正的生活却不容易。故选A。
【答案】A
[方法3] 深推法：
推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，
通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等
对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看
本质。
【典例剖析】
In July, Australian artist Matthew Griffin had his work Pickle(《酸黄瓜》)exhibited at a
New Zealand gallery. The work is merely a pickle taken from a McDonald’s burger, stuck onto
the gallery’s ceiling with ketchup(番茄酱)on it. With a price tag of NZ$10,000 (about 42,200
yuan), it started an ongoing debate: Is this art?
In fact, this is not the only strange artwork people have seen in recent years. In 2019, Italian
artist Maurizio Cattelan’s work Comedian featured a store-bought banana with duct tape(强力胶).
Far before that, Artist Rogier van der Zwang used 3D animation instead of painting materials tomake visual rainbow. These trends bring us back to the classic discussion on how to understand
art.
As British art historian Ernst Gombrich famously put it, “There really is no such thing as art.
There are only artists.” Art is a personal expression; ultimately its agency is created by the artist.
As each era cultivates its unique artists, the private message an artwork conveys can connect with
every individual across time. Great artists from the past to the present all enjoy both fame and
criticism. The way they appeal to certain audiences and encourage a wide range of debates and
interpretations is exactly the charm of art.
Opponents may hold that despite the artist’s right to create, it is not up to the artist to
determine if a piece of work is considered art. It is true that we see only the leftover of a
cheeseburger. There is no real technique in Griffin’s Pickle. However, this is also where it is open
to interpretation: For some, the pickle seems meaningless and artificial; for some, the pickle can
be a commercial and cultural symbol. There is undoubtedly an innovation of “form”. It shows the
artist’s exploration of the vehicle of art. The slice of pickle can be seen as a symbol. The ketchup
plays an influence on the colors, with the surrounding white wall being another vehicle for
expression.
After all, art welcomes various responses, which explains why viewing art is such an
engaging experience.
In a word, we should always keep an open mind toward any embodiment(化身)of art.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。讲述了 澳大利亚艺术家马修·格里芬(Matthew Griffin)的作品《泡
菜》，只是从麦当劳汉堡上取下的腌黄瓜，粘在画廊的天花板上，上面涂着番茄酱。它的
标价为1万新西兰元(约合4.22万元人民币)。由此引发了一场持续的关于艺术的争论。
According to this passage , art can be best described as ______.
A．connective but unreal B．charming but untouchable
C．abstract but engaging D．appealing but controversial
【详情解析】
推理判断题。根据第三段末“Great artists from the past to the present all enjoy both fame
and criticism. The way they appeal to certain audiences and encourage a wide range of debates
and interpretations is exactly the charm of art.(从过去到现在的伟大艺术家都享有声誉和批评。
它们吸引特定观众的方式，鼓励广泛的辩论和解释，这正是艺术的魅力)”及倒数第二段
“After all, art welcomes various responses, which explains why viewing art is such an engaging
experience.(毕竟，艺术欢迎各种各样的反应，这就解释了为什么观看艺术是一种如此吸引
人的体验)”可知，艺术是迷人的，也是引发争议的。故选D项。精做高考真题
Passage 1、（2021·北京·高考真题）
Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was
unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time
varies depending on where you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks
have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because
the answer depends on the question you're asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of
astronomy,we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the
tempo（节奏） of human life？We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth
systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if
we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances
on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a
clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，
which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes．We've programmed it to match an
atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the
future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll see the
opposite effect．
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's
a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时
间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who
opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet．Anyone who
considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be
motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies
also connected time to natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，
people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of
season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival．Likewise，river
time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's
most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any
timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose．
1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．B．Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
2．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．
A．present an assumption B．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experiment D．introduce an approach
3．What can we learn from this passage？
A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C．Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
4．What can we infer from this passage？
A．It is crucial to improve the definition of time．B．A fixed frame will make time
meaningless．
C．We should live in harmony with nature． D．History is a mirror reflecting reality．
Passage 2、（2020·海南·高考真题）
In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to
motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to
show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were
on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what
turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway
（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their
way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at
once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry
Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space
shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought
them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to
consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good
design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works
so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until,
suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a
moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers
can be helped to grasp them."Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings
improvement.
5．What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A．It carried more weight than it could. B．It swayed violently in a strong wind
C．Its roadway was damaged by vehicles D．Its access was blocked by many people.
6．Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A．No design is well received everywhere
B．Construction is more important than design.
C．Not all disasters are caused by engineering design
D．Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
7．What does the last paragraph suggest?
A．Failure can lead to progress. B．Success results in overconfidence
C．Failure should be avoided. D．Success comes from joint efforts.
8．What is the text?
A．A news report B．A short story.
C．A book review D．A research article.
Passage 3、（2020·北京·高考真题）
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry
out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city
streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are
sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the
specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI
developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI,
to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some
respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its
advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest
solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition
to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will
be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In
1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an
“ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man,
however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the
last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been
reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminatorfilm series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at
the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as
aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who
believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but
rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about
these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having
spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt
that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.
9．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A．Enormous in quantity. B．Changeable daily.
C．Stable in quality. D．Present everywhere.
10．What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?
A．Help to tackle problems. B．Make brains more active.
C．Benefit ambitious people. D．Set up powerful databases.
11．As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A．supportive B．disapproving
C．fearful D．uncertain
12．What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?
A．It may be only a dream. B．It will come into being soon.
C．It will be controlled by humans. D．It may be more dangerous than ever.
Passage 4、（2016·浙江·高考真题）
＂Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?＂ Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, ＂You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.＂
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I
can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori
aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our
conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can
give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.
Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out
— that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the
juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think
of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in
another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言) can make a
person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing thelatest rumor can make a person feel like part of the ＂in group.＂ In other words, gossip is
satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how
people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors
in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with
is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying
something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed
through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to
spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your ＂juicy story＂
might have.
13．The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to __________.
A．introduce a topic B．present an argument
C．describe the characters D．clarify his writing purpose
14．An important negative effect of gossip is that it _________.
A．breaks up relationships B．embarrasses the listener
C．spreads information around D．causes unpleasant experiences
15．In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it __________.
A．gives them a feeling of pleasure B．helps them to make more friends
C．makes them better at telling stories D．enables them to meet important people
16．Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ________.
A．provide students with written rules
B．help people watch their own behaviors
C．force schools to improve student handbooks
D．attract the police’s attention to group behaviors
17．What advice does the author give in the passage?
A．Never become a gossiper. B．Stay away from gossipers.
C．Don’t let gossip turn into lies. D．Think twice before you gossip.
Passage 5、（2017·浙江·高考真题）
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new
survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or
later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported
that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had
fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them
sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten
hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said
they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay
awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep
researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids
all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the
problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make
teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep
before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to
start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota,
changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with
the results.
18．What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A．American kids’ sleeping habits. B．Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D．Learning problems and lack of sleep.
19．How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A．7 hours. B．8 hours.
C．10 hours. D．18 hours.
20．Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A．They are affected by certain body chemicals. B．They tend to do things that excite them.
C．They follow their parents’ examples. D．They don’t need to go to school early.
挑战名校考题
Passage 1、（湖北省荆荆宜三校2022-2023高三11月份联考试卷）
Not long ago, “blind box economy” suddenly became popular, winning the heart of large
numbers of faithful fans.People simply get interested in it. A couple spent 200,000 yuan on them.
Another sixty-year-old guy spent over 700,000 yuan in buying blind boxes. Statistics showed that
last year 300,000 hobbyists made deals through a second-hand shopping platform.
The blind boxes usually contain attached dolls of comics and animation, or film and
television, or specially designed ones. A single blind box usually costs about thirty to fifty yuan.
But there is no mark on the box, and only after opening it can the buyer see what he has bought.
This is rather like buying lottery (彩票) tickets, for the buyer has to bet on his luck.
However，addiction to blind box is much like that to gambling (赌博). It is not easily
obvious compared with lottery ticket. Nobody knows whether sellers of blind boxes exaggerated
(夸大) the winning rate so as to attract people to buy them, thus digging a consumption trap.
Besides, it is also unknown whether the objects in the blind boxes are genuine or not. The blind
box economy promoted its second-hand trade. The price of some classic dolls or dolls of limitededition have skyrocketed in second-hand trade platforms, and some may reach thirty to forty
times. But it is difficult for buyers to judge whether it is the result of real supply and demand, or
the consequence of business men’s tricks.
The basis of the “blind box economy” is the cultural trend of collection. Many of the target
consumers are young people who lack experience of life. They are thus attracted by deliberately
exaggerated probability of “winning a prize” and constantly throw money to buy blind boxes in
order to gain dolls that they desire. Or they may buy at second-hand trade platform high-priced
blind box dolls, thinking they can keep value preserved and appreciated, thus falling into the fixed
pattern of trap carefully designed by businessmen.
Therefore, it is necessary to remind young people to control their consumption in case they
become addicted.
1．Why are a couple and a sixty-year-old guy mentioned in paragraph 1?
A．To stress the importance of “blind box economy”.
B．To give the sum of money spent on “blind box economy”.
C．To show the popularity of “blind box economy”.
D．To prove older people can afford to pay more.
2．What might contribute to “blind box economy”?
A．The unknown objects in the blind boxes. B．The desire to make a fortune overnight.
C．The skyrocketed price of some classic dolls. D．The high winning rate exaggerated by
sellers.
3．What can be learned from paragraph 4?
A．Young people should be reminded to control themselves.
B．Young people are more likely to be attracted and tricked.
C．Young people have the potential to win big prizes
D．Young people can manage their life economically.
4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To inform readers. B．To promote products. C．To list reasons. D．To warn consumers.
Passage 2、（2023届浙江省绍兴市高三11月份高考科目诊断性考试）
I major in Mechanical Engineering and Political Science. When someone hears what I study,
I’m usually meant with two reactions. First up is a small smile with the word “overachiever” on
the tip of their tongue. The second is a look of confusion, followed by an exaggerated (夸张的)
“why?”. The short answer: I want to be a problem solver, and engineering teaches me how to
become that type of person. In addition, I also want to be able to look at the bigger picture.
It’s the beginning of a new year, and a lot of first-years have plans for double or triple
majors. However, as most of us quickly realize after that first fall semester, college is a lot! We
are unavoidably forced to make choices - do we keep trying to make our double or triple majors
work or do we completely switch gears? The thing I wished someone told me on day one is ifyou’re passionate about something, it’s not going to feel like work. Political Science can be
challenging, but to me, it’s fun to read the Constitution (宪法) and see the impact each word has
on our interpretation.
This may sound hard to accept, but if you are double or triple majoring because you think
you’re in a race with your peers, you’re only running yourself into the ground. Don’t double or
triple major if you are doing it for a mark on your resume (简历), because then your life will be a
living hell for the next four years. What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you
have - whether it be in your study, career, or something else your career and study will enable you
to do.
Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedule a double or triple major
entails. Because at the end of the day, it’s going to be you doing the homework - so try to enjoy
what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth.
5．How do people tend to feel about the writer’s majors?
A．Impressed or puzzled. B．Ashamed or challenged.
C．Satisfied or confused. D．Amazed or concerned.
6．What enables the writer to enjoy learning Political Science?
A．The value of studying the Constitution. B．The influence of learning engineering.
C．His career planning for the future. D．His enthusiasm for the major.
7．According to the author, what causes multiple majors’ hard situation in college?
A．Adjusting the schedule for majors constantly.
B．Pursuing multiple majors out of competitive motivation.
C．Making random choices without sufficient consideration.
D．Estimating the difficulty of multiple majoring inaccurately.
8．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A．To promote the concept of multiple majoring.
B．To explain the reasons for choosing a double major.
C．To compare the gains and losses of multiple majoring.
D．To stress the significance of passion in multiple majoring.
Passage 3、（上海市复旦大学附中2022-2023高三阶段性评估英语试卷）
My friend was heartbroken. Her 8-year-old son had come home from school reporting that
they were weighed in gym class, and that it had led to a discussion among the boys about their
weights. It was the first time her son had realized that he was significantly heavier than most of his
friends, and he came home that day with a brand-new message in his head: Being heavier wasn’t a
good thing.
Her story gave me flashbacks to my own gym class weigh-ins. I remember being called up
one by one, how the scale was connected to a large digital readout big enough for everyone to see
—and how, sadly, it felt like a competition among the girls to be the lightest.Though it varies from state to state, many schools have a program in place to measure health
and fitness in gym class. The assessment usually includes things like push-ups, flexibility tests,
and a scale. Weight is then used with the child’s height to calculate their body mass index (BMI).
But is BMI a valid and important market of health or a harmful practice that should be retired?
“BMI measurement in school can provide some benefits, provided the measurements are
done privately and sensitively, free of judgement,” says Dr. Muth. “When it’s not done with the
utmost care, the downside outweighs any upside and it’s potentially harmful and stigmatizing.”
Weighing students should not be done within sight or hearing distance of other students.
Still, it’s inevitable that some kids will compare numbers, and that can be potentially
harmful. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, up to 60 percent of elementary
school girls are worried about being too heavy. On the flip side, boys may feel shame if they’re
seen as too small or scrawny. That’s why it’s important to avoid any stigmatizing language.
“We shouldn’t assume that higher weight kids are less healthy. That’s weight stigma, which
can increase the risk for eating disorders,” says Rebecca Scritch-field, R. D．, author of Body
Kindness. Besides, she adds, some kids naturally tend higher on the growth curve, and that’s
normal for them.
Weighing students in school can be beneficial to help kids get on a healthier path, but it must
be done properly. That means away from other students and without any weight stigma attached.
Parents should also communicate with schools to know when and how weigh-ins are being done
in order to decide whether or not their kid should participate.
9．What annoyed the author’s friend was that _________.
A．She has gained much weight after a gym class.
B．Her son has gained much weight though with exercises.
C．Her son refused to attend the gym class because of his weight.
D．Her son felt embarrassed when weighed publicly in gym class.
10．According to the passage, what can we know about BMI?
A．BMI is employed to measure children’s health, which are used in all schools.
B．In order to calculate BMI, a child’s weight and height are needed.
C．BMI is such an important factor that it should be made public among kids.
D．The disadvantages of BMI measurement in school outweighs any advantages.
11．What does “scrawny” (paragraph 5) mean?
A．tall B．depressed C．energetic D．skinny
12．What is the author’s attitude towards weighing students in school?
A．It should be totally banned. B．Parents should protest against it.
C．It should be held cautiously. D．It should be posted in public.
Passage 4、（2022-2023学年度山东·青岛二中高三期中考试）Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of
human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the
tricky and misunderstood overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism
(自恋).
There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our
youth. Some researchers say that about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism.
The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, and out-of-control
consumerism.
We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential
narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children
and teens feel good about themselves.
In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly think
this approach to be the cause of narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows
their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that
the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child
selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence;
desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration.
Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths.
While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on
narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. The New York Times noted
that narcissism is a favored topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it.
The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because of our
binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble.
We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother
Teresa. Without confidence in their strengths, Gandhi and Mother Teresa couldn’t have achieved
so much, and yet modesty and selflessness are their qualities.
When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to make the idea
clear that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and ready to
help others.
It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to
stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and
humble—even when they use their strengths.
13．Which of the following opinions may the writer agree with?
A．Strength-based parenting leads to narcissism.
B．It’s unhelpful for us to make our children feel good about themselves.
C．To say all kids are potential narcissists is overstating the case.
D．Children who know their strengths tend to be more selfish and uncaring.
14．Why are teenagers’ strengths often considered as narcissism?A．There is a lack of narcissism in our common sense.
B．Academic journals report more on narcissism.
C．Many people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors.
D．The general public has less access to strengths psychology.
15．What’s the author’s attitude towards young kids’ strength-based approaches?
A．Skeptical B．Favorable. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful.
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood B．Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis
Passage 5、（吉林省吉林市部分重点高中2022-2023高三10月份第一次调研英语试
卷）
What would you look like when you are 80 years old? It seems too far away to imagine, but
an app named FaceApp tries to show you.
The app creates transformations of users’ faces using various filters(滤镜) and features. The
FaceApp aging challenge went viral last month. Even many celebrities like Taylor Swift and
Justin Bieber shared their wrinkly, grey-haired selfies on social media.
FaceApp helps us stop thinking of things that don’t matter and focus on the present. “We
view these images as inferred fiction, not realized and therefore unreal,” US author Nicci Gerrard
told The New York Times. “We think of our younger selves, because in one sense that’s who we
are. Our younger stories are all still part of us, while our older selves don’t yet exist.” However,
not everyone can laugh at their older selves. For some, aging is terrifying and it’s hard to accept
what the future holds in terms of looks and feelings. As MetroUK noted, “FaceApp is making
people into a painful crisis.”
In addition, FaceApp is facing a number of accusations regarding user privacy. When a user
makes changes to a photo, it needs to be uploaded to the servers in Russia, where the company is
located, then AI filters your image and sends it back to you. By using the app, you grant FaceApp
the license to use, reproduce, change, adapt, and publish your image, as stated in its service
agreement.
Despite the concerns over privacy, however, FaceApp does light up the Internet. It gives us
the chance to take a look at our futures and perhaps let us consider how to prepare for it.
17．What can FaceApp do?
A．Tell how old users are. B．Show users’ images in old age.
C．Test users’ imagination. D．Help users contact celebrities.
18．Which of the following can replace the underlined words in Paragraph 2?
A．Caused trouble. B．Got updated.
C．Led to doubts. D．Became popular.
19．Which opinion may Nicci Gerrard agree with?
A．We should make full preparations for old age.B．It’s unnecessary now for us to consider old age.
C．Our young stories deserve to be remembered.
D．It’s a good idea for us to stop using FaceApp.
20．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．How FaceApp gets users’ privacy involved. B．What punishment FaceApp is faced with.
C．How well FaceApp company serves users. D．What FaceApp service agreement
contains.
Passage 6、（湖南省雅礼十六校2022-2023高三第一次联考试卷）
As many office workers adapt to remote work, cities may undergo fundamental change if
offices remain under-utilized. Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm?
Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from
office to home work. However, these savings result from passing costs on to workers.
Unless employees are fully compensated, this could become a variant of parasitic (变异的)
capitalism, whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public- and
now personal- realm, rather than on generating new value.
Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates, others note the
loneliness, reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.
If working from home becomes permanent, employees will have to dedicate part of their
private space to work. This requires purchasing desks, chairs and office equipment.
It also means having private space dedicated to work: the space must be heated, cleaned,
maintained and paid for. That depends on many things, but for purposes of illustration, I have run
some estimates for Montreal. The exercise is simple but important, since it brings these costs out
of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.
Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from
home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at
home.
What does this mean for offices in cities? One of two things may happen: Employers pass
these costs onto employees. This would be a form of expropriation (侵占), with employees
absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer. This represents a
considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.
When employees are properly compensated, employers’ real estate savings will be modest. If
savings are modest, then the many advantages of working in offices-such as lively atmosphere,
rapidity of communication, team-building and acclimatization (适应环境) of new employees-will
encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and, like Yahoo in 2013, encourage
employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.
21．What does the author say about working from home?
A．It will become the norm sooner or later.
B．It requires employees to adapt promptly.C．It benefits employers at the expense of employees.
D．It will force cities to transform their infrastructure.
22．Why do some people oppose working from home?
A．It discourages team spirit. B．It undermines traditional values.
C．It invades employees’ privacy. D．It negatively impacts productivity.
23．Why did the author run the estimates for Montreal?
A．To provide convincing data for serious discussion.
B．To illustrate the ongoing change in working patterns.
C．To show the impact of remote working on productivity.
D．To exemplify how remote working affects the economy.
24．What is the author’s opinion on working from home?
A．It should be avoided if possible. B．It is only a temporary measure.
C．It can reduce companies’ real estate costs. D．It may affect employees’ corporate loyalty.
Passage 7、（广东省惠州市三校2022-2023高三第一次质量检测）
“I'm going to fail !"My best friend cried. She and I had this conversation almost every day
while we were in high school.
The truth was that my friend never failed in any subjects. I just think that she can't accept
failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist (完美主义者). What she fails to understand is
that a lot of good can come from failures.
For example, failure can help build relationships. Once was cooking dinner for a friend. I was
tired, and several dishes I tried to make turned out bad. I grew more and more upset until my
friend told me that I shouldn't worry. She cared more about our friendship than the dishes. That
day, I learned that failure doesn't always make people dislike you. In fact, after she said those
words to me, I grew closer to her.
Failure can make success ever more exciting. Every few years, there would be an important
test in the PE class at our school. Students had to run a mile within eight minutes. I was never
good at running, so I failed every time until the third year at school. Then I began working out
regularly, and yet I still failed that year. A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some
other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can 't imagine how excited I was
after that. I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey, because I had to overcome
failure to reach it.
Now its clear to see that failure can teach us good lessons. It's not an end—it can be a
beginning.
25．What can we learn about the author's best friend from the first two paragraphs?
A．She liked taking tests. B．She was afraid of failures.
C．She often failed in study. D．She knew how to be perfect.
26．What did the author finally get from a failed cooking?A．Bad feelings. B．Worries. C．A closer friendship. D．More experience.
27．Why did the author feel excited after the running test?
A．Because she could work out regularly.
B．Because she received honey as a reward.
C．Because she got another chance to take the test.
D．Because she achieved success after many failures.
28．The author wrote this passage________.
A．to show the negative effects of failures B．to point out her best friends fear of failures
C．to encourage the readers to face failures bravely D．to introduce different types of failures
Passage 8、（2023届江苏省三名校（姜堰中学、沭阳中学、如东中学）高三10月月考
Earlier this month, British supermarket chain Morrisons announced that it would be
removing “use by” dates on most of its milk. The idea behind this is to discourage people from
throwing milk away based on a date, rather than sniffing (闻) and looking at it to determine
whether it’s still safe for consumption.
The fact is that significant amounts of food get wasted every year by people blindly
following expiration dates, rather than their senses. What makes matters worse is that most dates
don’t mean much, anyway. They’re assigned somewhat randomly by food manufacturers that are
not held to any regulatory standards for what determines a safe date nor what expertise (专门知
识) is required to make such a judgment call—so it makes sense that they’d be too cautious.
What I find amusing, however, is that many people seem to be horrified by this approaching
absence of “use by” dates.
In fact, I never look at expiration dates when I shop. To me, it’s as if they don’t exist. To be
clear, I am not an absent-minded shopper. I pay close attention to both packaging and price.
Despite having a full cart at checkout, I could tell you the exact price of every item in it. Any time
I see a clearance rack (清仓货架) at the store, that’s usually where I go first because it’s exactly
the stuff I want to buy—the cheaper, the better! If there’s any heavily discounted product that I’d
normally use, I will certainly take it. Often, I’ll mentally adjust my weekly menu plan on the spot,
based on what I find.
The handful of times I have looked at expiration dates have been for short-lived items like
prepackaged salad greens. What I’ve found, however, is that the dates mean little. Even a package
that claims to be fresh can still have rotten yellow leaves at the bottom, which turns me off.
Therefore, the expiration date means next to nothing, but my visual assessment, combined with
my intention for when I plan to eat it, is far more useful.
Food is your friend. Food is not out to kill you!
29．Why will Morrisons remove “use by” dates on most of its milk?
A．To reduce food waste. B．To improve customers’ senses.
C．To meet the regulatory standards. D．To be cautious about food quality.30．What do we know about the author’s shopping habit from the text?
A．She shows little interest in packaging.
B．She cares more about the price.
C．She always avoids buying discounted products.
D．She is often careless about choosing goods.
31．Why does the author give the example of “prepackaged salad greens”?
A．To claim her favorite food. B．To introduce her cooking habit.
C．To stress the uselessness of expiration dates. D．To show the poor packaging of some food.
32．What is the best title for the text?
A．What Makes Us Waste More Food B．Why We Need “Use By” Dates
C．How I Choose Food for Cooking D．Why I Ignore Food Expiration Dates
Passage 9、（江苏省扬州中学2022-2023学年度高三开学考试）
In a classic episode of The Simpsons, Homer’s class reunion ends in shame when one of
Homer’s guilty secrets is exposed: he never graduated from high school. To get his diploma, he
must pass a science test. As he sits down to retake the exam, he holds one of his trademark
dialogues with his brain. “All right, brain. You don’t like me and I don’t like you. But let’s just do
this and I can get back to killing you with beer.”
Many a true word is spoken as a joke. Homer Simpson’s Everyman character really is an
Everyman. For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass a
science test feels too much like hard work. It is so much easier to quit and let the brain’s autopilot
take over.
And no wonder. Evolution has blessed the human brain with all kinds of mental shortcuts that
make life manageable. If we had to think about every action or weigh up every decision, we would
break down. As a result, certain ideas and modes of thinking come naturally to us, such as
effortless thinking.
But at huge cost. Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale
societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to society.
Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious problems: terrorism,
hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people disengaging their critical
thinking and going with their gut (非理性的) feeling.
Everybody is capable of gut feeling, but also of the critical thinking. Both thinking styles are
needed to make the world go round. Unfortunately, the latter requires training that is unavailable
or unappealing to many people.
One of the bright spots in 2017 was the start of a movement called the March For Science.
Those who believe in the power of science need to keep on marching, or give more power to
people who don’t much like their own brains — or other people’s.
33．What does the author want to convey through Homer’s story?A．Feeling is very important.
B．Drinking beer is harmful to one’s brain.
C．High school seniors should work hard.
D．Most people hate effortful thinking like Homer.
34．How do you read between the lines of the underlined sentence according to the passage?
A．Most people would rather tell jokes than tell the truth.
B．Most people don’t want to toil through scientific tests.
C．Most people would love to have their brains controlled by a pilot.
D．Most people like Simpson’s ordinary character are willing to think simple.
35．What does the author think of critical thinking?
A．It makes the world go round.
B．It needs necessary training.
C．It works fine at the level of personal affairs.
D．It leads to the March For Science in 2017.
36．What is the best title for the text?
A．Critical Thinking Is Urgently Needed B．Effortless Thinking Is Out of Date
C．We Need to March Towards Science D．Thinking Contributes to Social Problems
Passage 10、（2022年海南省高三期末学业水平诊断英语试题）
There is a difference between being an acquaintance（熟人）and being a friend. An
acquaintance is someone whose name you know, who you see every now and then, who you
probably have something in common with and who you feel comfortable around. It's a person that
you can invite to your home and share things with. But they are the people who you don't share
your life with, and whose actions sometimes you don't understand because you don't know enough
about them.
On the other hand, a friend is someone you love. Not that you are “in love” with them, but
you care about them and you think about them when they are not there. They are the people whose
pictures you have and whose faces are in your head regardless. Friends are the people you feel
safe around because you know they care about you. They tell you the truth and you do the same.
Friends are the people who won't laugh at you or hurt you, and if they do hurt you they try
hard to make it up to you. They are the people you love, regardless of whether you realize it.
Friends are the people that hold the rings at your wedding, or maybe they are the people you
marry. They are the people who stop you from making mistakes and help you when you do. They
are the people whose hands you can hold, or who you can hug or give a kiss to. They understand
the things you do and they love you for them.
They stick with you and stand by you. They hold your hands. They watch you live and you
watch them live. Your life is not the same without them.
37．Which of the following might be your acquaintance?A．Your girlfriend. B．Your neighbour.
C．Your elder brother. D．Your beloved grandma.
38．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The things you do. B．The hugs you get.
C．The friends you've met. D．The mistakes you've made.
39．How is the text developed?
A．By listing facts. B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing reasons. D．By giving definitions.
40．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The benefit you can get from friends.
B．The importance of making many friends.
C．The necessity of telling acquaintances from friends.
D．The differences between friends and acquaintances.
