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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清
动词(短语)
1
考点复习
英语动词根据其意义和句法作用,可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词
又称行为动词,为表示动作或状态的动词,可以单独充当句子的谓语,实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词
两类。英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成,在句中起动词的作用。高考设题时往往
都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。
考点一 常用动词辨析
1.advise,persuade,suggest
advise用作及物动词,表示"劝告,忠告,建议",强调提醒或引起注意;
persuade 表示"说服",强调劝说成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(相当于
persuade sb. into doing sth.);如表示劝说但不一定成功,则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to
do sth.。
suggest用作及物动词,意为"建议",后接名词、代词、动名词或从句,从句中的谓语用"should+动词
原形",should可以省略。
2.bring,take,carry,fetch
bring"带来,拿来,取来",强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take"拿走,带走",强调把人或物从说话者身边带走,方向与bring相反。
fetch"去拿来,去取来",强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相当于go and bring。
carry"携带,搬运,运送",强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3.win,beat,defeat
win表示"赢得,战胜"时,宾语多是比赛项目等。win sb.则指"赢得人心"。
beat/defeat意为"打败,击败",其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如:beat sb.打败某人;defeat their
team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手;
defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。
4.believe,believe in
believe表示"相信,认为",侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性,其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。
believe in表示"相信,信任,信仰,信奉",其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。
☞You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你应该相信自己,并且相信某天你
将会成功的。
5.book,order
二者都有"订购,预订"之意,但book指订各种"票,座位";而order指"餐馆订饭、菜,定做衣服,
订货"等,常用结构:place an order for sth. with sb.向某人订购某物。
对比:book a ticket/two seats/a double room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间;order four dishes/ lunch要四个
菜/订好午饭。
☞He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他订了一张四人桌,并且要了六个菜。
6.choose,select,elect
choose表示"选择,挑选",有时也表示"推选,选举",但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择,没有 elect
正式。 select表示"(精心地)挑选,选定",具有"精选"之意。
elect表示"选举",指较大范围的正式的选举。
7.disturb,interrupt
disturb是及物动词,有"打扰,扰乱,使人心神不安"之意。常用短语:
disturb the sleeping child/one’s plan/the public peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安;
be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响;be disturbed about对……感到不安。
interrupt有"打断,打扰"之意,侧重打断。常用短语:
interrupt the supplies中断供应
interrupt one’s speech打断演讲
8.hurt,injure,wound,harm
hurt是一般用语,指精神或肉体上受到的伤害,有较强烈的"疼痛"意味;
injure比hurt更正式,常指意外事故对身体或精神上的"损害,损伤";
wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤,尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤;
harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害,特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等,使之产生痛苦、损
失或任何不幸遭遇。
9.miss,lose
miss意为"未能赶上(抓住),错过,失去,漏掉"。而lose意为"丢失,迷失方向,迷路"。
10.fit,be fit for,be fit to,suit
fit用作及物或不及物动词,表示"(衣服等)合适,使合身";be fit for是形容词短语,表示"适合的,能胜任的",for后接名词或动名词;
befit to表示"适合,能胜任",to是动词不定式符号,后接动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的"适合",而
fit指尺寸、大小的"合适"。
11.save,spare
save意为"储蓄,节省",指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用,或指节省东西,避免浪费,也
指"救命"。而spare意为"省",指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等,常表示省出一部分以留作他
用。
12.seat,sit
seat是及物动词,意思是"使坐下",可以接人作宾语,还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有:seat sb.使某
人坐下;seat oneself自己坐下;be seated=sit down坐好。而sit是不及物动词,不能带宾语。
【典例示例】
(2020·江苏卷·单项填空)There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short
time.
A.clarify B.justify C.satisfy D.classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类,仍然会有很多挑战。A.
clarify澄清;B. justify证明;C. satisfy 满足;D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知,此处指“对垃圾
进行分类”。故选D。
(2020·天津卷·单项填空)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like
walking.
A.understood B.accepted C.compromised D.declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understood
理解;B. accepted接受;C. compromised妥协;D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可
知,Sharon想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man’s intelligence
and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:城市是人类的双手和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像;reflecting反映;reviewing回顾;restoring恢复,根据题意,故选B。
(2018· 新课标 I 卷·完形填空)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education
department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking
the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars?
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
41.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时,学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程,这个课程
3个学分。我急于接收这个课程,是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出; jumped at急于接收;
tried out尝试;turned down拒绝。故选B。
42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时,学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程,这个课程3个
学分。我急于接收这个课程,是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费;earn赚钱; save节省;pay付钱
故选C。
考点二 考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,
make等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。
1.动词+ away构成的短语动词有:
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
2.动词+ for构成的短语动词有:
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算,为……计划hope for希望,期待 ask for索取,寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还,赔偿
3.动词+on构成的短语动词有:
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车)
4.动词+over构成的短语动词有:
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5.动词+ up构成的短语动词有:bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把……调高一点
【典例示例】
(2020·天津卷· 单项填空)We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t
work.
A.take up B.carry out C.keep on D.put off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A.
take up占据; B. carry out实施;C. keep on 继续;D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可
知,我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以,我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。
故选D。
(2019· 天津卷· 单项填空)9.Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ___________ what
he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意: 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。set
aside“存储,留出”; take back“收回,拿回”;make out“辨认出,理解,了解”; keep off“(使)避
开”。故选C。
(2018· 江苏卷· 完形填空)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong
investment. Their savings had been 3 6 to pay lawyers’ fees.
A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. drawn up起草;B. used up用光;C. backed up拥堵;D. kept
up保持。根据后面的to pay lawyers’ fees.提示可知,他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
(2018·天津卷·单项填空)At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________
as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:起初,罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水,但最终他让步了,
因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服,让步;B. dressed up打扮;C. broke in闯入;打断;
D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知,最终他让步了。故选
A。
(2017· 江苏卷· 完形填空)In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music
students, 36 ( struggling ) across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 3 7 at
school for practice hours 3 8 ( befor e ) anyone else had to be there.
A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。根据" 3 7 at school for practice hours 3 8 anyone else"可知,学习
音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时,为了练习弹奏乐器。turn up在"出现",符合语境。
6.动词+out构成的短语动词有:
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 carry out实行,执行 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发,动身。
【典例示例】
(2017· 江苏卷·单项填空)Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her
as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。hold out坚持;提供机会;伸出手; B. bring out使显现,阐明,出版;C. pick
out使容易看见,找出精心挑选,认出来;D. give out用完,停止运行,分发,发出,公布。句意:在非洲
同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取"使显现"之意,故选B。
考点三 常见同根动词短语辨析
1. bring
bring in引进,挣得 bring about引起,导致bring up养育,培养,呕吐,提出 bring out使展现,推出(书等)
bring down降低,使倒下 bring back把……带回来,使忆起
bring forth结果,生产,产生 bring forward提出,提前
bring off圆满完成(困难之事)
2.break
break down崩溃,瓦解,垮掉,失败,分解 break up打碎,分解,分开,结束,制止
break through逾越,突破,冲破 break away(from)挣脱,脱离
break out爆发 break in破门而入
break into进入建筑物以便行窃,突然发出,打扰 break off折断,中断
3.come
come about发生 come out结果出来,出版,开花
come across偶遇,被理解 come true变为现实
come up走上前,被提出,走近 come along一起来
come up with产生,发现(解决办法等)
4.give
give up放弃 give in屈服,呈交
give out 用尽,耗尽,分发,公布,发表
give off发出 give away颁发,赠送,送掉,捐赠
5.go
go against违背,与……不符,对……不利 go without勉强维持,凑合
go in for爱好,参加,从事 go by过去,依据,按照
go on继续,发生 go over复习,仔细审查,走近
go ahead 进行 go through 从头到尾地阅读,经历
go away走开,外出度假,消失 go for去取来或接来,争取得到
6.keep
keep away(from)使远离 keep back 扣除,保留,隐瞒不讲
keep off 避开 keep on继续
keep out 挡在外边,请勿靠近 keep up保持,不低落,持续,继续
keep up with跟上 keep down抑制(以防其增长)
7.look
look ahead向前看 look about环顾look back回忆,回顾 look out当心,找出
look up向上看,查阅,看望 look down upon看不起
look through翻阅 look into调查,向内看
look after照看,负责处理 look on旁观
look forward to盼望 look round寻找,边走边看,观光
8.put
put back放回原处,拨回,阻碍,推迟 put down平定,镇压,记下
put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处,储蓄 put forward提出(计划、建议),拨快,提前
put off延期 put on穿戴,上映
put out扑灭,生产 put up举起,张贴
9.take
take in吸收 take for 误认为
take out 拿出 take down 放下
take up从事,拿起,占据 take off 飞机起飞,脱下,休假,成功
take by攻占 take after像
take along 随身携带 take away带走,拿走,使离去
take back 收回,退回(所购商品) take charge 负责,掌管
take on呈现,雇佣 take out拿出,带……出去
take over 接管,接任
【典例示例】
1.(2018· 江苏卷·单项填空)
Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______
a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的
系统工程。A. calls for需要;B. calls on号召;C. calls off取消;D. calls up使想起。故选A。
2. The general manager has to retire due to his illness. Who do you think will ________the business?
A. take in B. take up C. take on D. take over
【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:总经理由于生病必须退休,你认为谁将接管这个公司?take over
"接管,接手",符合句意。take in"领会,欺骗";take up"继续,占据(一定的时间或空间)";
take on"承担(责任),呈现"。
10.turn
turn back折回,掉转头 turn away转身,走开,打发走 turn out结果是,赶出,生产,制
造
turn down 拒绝,调小 turn off 关掉 turn over翻过来,移交
turn in上交(作业等),拐入 turn into变成,翻译 turn on打开,取决于
turn to求助于,翻到 turn up调大,出现
【典例示例】
Tom had to _________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down
C. turn over D. turn to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请,因为他太忙了。turn in 上交; turn down拒绝; turn
over 移交; turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。
2
知识强化
一、单项选择
1. I’d love to go to the zoo tomorrow, but I have to ______ the morning for an important e-mail.
A. save B. take C. cost D. spend
2. Looking around your city, you may _____ girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with
Chinese characters on the streets.
A. sponsor B. suspect C. spread D. spot
3. You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t ______ as you expect.
A. work out B. take off C. break in D. put out
4. The great policy has ________ amazing chain effects in developing agriculture in my hometown.
A. come across B. turned around C. brought about D. got through
5. I’ve been trying to read this book all day, but somehow I cannot ________ to it properly.
A. give in B. settle down C. look forward D. live up
6. No country in the world can ______ these problems alone, such as climate change, hunger and disease, etc.Therefore, all the countries should cooperate to get rid of them.
A. cope B. address C. replace D. involve
7. When you are faced with challenges, try not to let discouraging thoughts ______. Be confident and trust
yourself, and you’ll make it.
A. take on B. take up C. take in D. take over
8. From my point of view, what really ________ me about the movie Hi, Mom was the plot itself.
A. impressed B. assisted C. pressed D. cured
9. The young couple danced to great music, ________ a well-lived day.
A. concluding B. concluded C. surrounding D. surrounded
10. My brother Tim has no sense of direction at all. Therefore, no matter how well he knows the city, it is easy for
him to________.
A. make sense B. feel free C. keep updated D. get lost
11. Being tired of the long boring speech, some of the students present started to________ to each other.
A. grin B. demonstrate C. whisper D. conclude
12. As a senior high school teacher, she deeply understands the importance of keeping her students ________.
A. entertained B. resolved C. deceived D. confirmed
13. What time are you planning to ______ for work tomorrow?
A. turn off B. cut off C. let off D. set off
14. Whenever I meet difficulties, you always cheer me up and________, which promotes me to regain my
confidence.
A. help out B. get across C. let down D. put on
15. The local people lined up to________money to the earthquake-hit area.
A. ensure B. donate C. engage D. adjust
16. The majority of smokers say that they would like to________the habit.
A. combine B. behave C. quit D. assure
17. The company has________adults as its primary customers.
A. affected B. supplied C. targeted D. behaved
18. The ancient historic site is extremely expensive to________, but the local government spends some money
repairing it every three years.
A. preserve B. deserve C. appreciate D. celebrate
19. Your passport application form should be ______ by two recent photographs when you go to the PassportOffice.
A. accomplished B. addressed C. advocated D. accompanied
20. Now that all the restaurants in the city are closed, I wonder what ________ of my roommate who ________
out four days a week and feeds on takeaways in the rest.
A. has become … hangs B. has become … dines
C. is become … hangs D. is become … dines
21. As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds
of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A. rescues … focuses on B. rescues … funds
C. releases … focuses on D. releases … funds
22. In rugby, you can ________ the ball from the hands or under the arm of the carrier ________ committing a foul
if you’re standing on your feet in an onside position.
A. crush … without B. crush … rather than
C. grab … without D. grab … rather than
23. Although Shanghai’s case numbers remain small by global ________, the city has emerged as a test bed for
China’s “dynamic clearance” anti-Covid strategy, which _________ to test, trace and centrally quarantine all
positive cases and their close contacts.
A. connections … tends B. connections … seeks
C. standards … tends D. standards … seeks
24. Today we gather to ________ Pierre de Coubertin, who in 1894 resurrected a legendary ancient ritual that had
been ________ to humanity for more than 15 centuries.
A. appreciate … lost B. appreciate … extincted
C. celebrate … lost D. celebrate … extincted
25. Though such international organizations as the United Nations are long ________, some still believe in the
________ of jungle justice to relations between countries.
A. established … adjustment B. established … application
C. abandoned … adjustment D. abandoned … application
26. After an Edwardian dinner party, the women would ________ to the drawing room while the men remained at
the dining table to talk freely about the topics seen as too ________ for women to worry themselves about.
A. migrate … challenging B. migrate … appealing
C. retire … challenging D. retire … appealing27. Foreign Minister of China used plain language to make the Chinese foreign policy ________ to the whole
world at the press conference last week.
A. get through B. get across C. get over D. get around
28. After winning China’s first ever Olympic gold medal in snowboarding, Su Yiming, encouraged other
youngsters to ______ their goals.
A. apply B. pursue C. adapt D. change
29. Four score and seven years ago our fathers ________, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty,
and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
A. brought forth B. brought up C. brought down D. brought out
30. Her lawyers say she should be ________ for the suffering she had been caused.
A. collaborated B. cast C. relieved D. compensated
31. People ________with reading sometimes will be lost in the stories.
A. obsessed B. compared C. equipped D. concerned
32. His first attempt ______ failure, which made him a little disappointed.
A. picked up B. resulted in C. broke down D. put on
33. Tom tried hard to ______ his book, but his thoughts kept flying back to the movie.
A. concentrate on B. settle for C. give up D. take down
34. I have ______ a good working relationship with my new colleagues.
A. overcome B. engaged C. established D. forgiven
35. An excellent speaker will surely ________ his audience and win much applause.
A. cast light on B. compensate for C. merge into D. strike a chord with
二、完成句子
36. 当这个装扮成天使的小孩子安然无恙地回到家时,他们的父母松了一口气。
When the little child who ________ ________ as an angel returned home safe and sound, their parents breathed in
________.
37. She ________ that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually
________ between people.
她意识到互联网的最大好处之一就是能够消除通常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
38. 这所大学有很多选修课,从艺术到动物学等各类课程。
There are many optional courses for students in this university, ________ ________ art ________ zoology.
39. 在你准备邀请别人的时候,有些重要事项一定要记住。There are important things that should be ________ ________ ________ when you prepare an invitation.
40. 为了谋生,一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
To ______ a ______, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
41. 他向她求助,却遭到无情拒绝。
He turned to her for help, but ____________ ruthlessly.
42. 萤火虫夜间飞行时发出闪光。
Fireflies ____________ flashes of light when they fly at night.
43. 在我高中艰难的时候,我的老师帮我渡过难关。
My teacher’s help __________ __________ __________ those hard days in senior high school.
44. Henry仍能够作曲并且他认为创作音乐可以让他放松。
Henry was _______ _______ writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief.
45. 沙漠看起来空无一人,沙丘的颜色与晴空的蓝色形成了鲜明的对比。
The desert appeared completely empty and the colors of the dunes __________ __________ __________ the blue
of the cloudless sky.
46. 我沉浸在聚会的狂热中,几乎没有注意到五个小时已经过去了!
I was so ________ ________ ________ the party fever that I hardly noticed five hours fly by!
47. ________, this means “You are what you eat.”
简单地说,这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。
48. 这些花已经被浇过水了,你可以回家了。
These flowers________ ________ ________ ; you can go home.
49. 那栋房子已经被暴风雨冲走了。
The house ________ ________ ________ ________ by the storm.
50. 一句多译
英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
(1)Our English teacher often ________________.
(2)We ________________.
51. 虽然政府已颁布法律保护濒危动物,但是一些濒危动物仍然遭到捕杀。(现在进行时的被动语态)
While government has enacted laws to protect endangered animals, some of them________.
52. 我的建议是把会议推迟。
What I would suggest is ________.
53. 随着他们的兴趣大大激发,我开始教他们如何泡茶。With their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them________.
54. 不管他跟我开什么玩笑,我都不生气。
I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he ______ on me.
55. 一听到主人的声音,这条狗就冲了出去。
________the dog when it heard its master’s voice.
56. 上周五我们举行了聚会,我们中很多人把这些聚会看作是交流思想、重叙友情的机会。
We had a gathering last Friday and many of us viewed it as an occasion to share ideas and ________.
57. 每天,学生们要花三个多小时写作业。
The students spend more than three hours ________ their homework every day.
58. 记住你告诉我的话并不容易。
It is not easy to ________ what you have told me.
59. 我说话的声音很紧张,甚至因为忘记了故事的某些部分而结巴了好几次。
I ________ and even stuttered a few times as I forgot parts of the story.
60. 联合王国的人被称为“英国人”。这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often ________ Britain or Great Britain.
61. The small town has such an attractive scenery that_________.
这座小镇景色迷人,令我流连忘返。(tear)
62. 与传统购物相比,网上购物有更多的显著特点,非常适合年轻一代的口味。(compare)
________, shopping online has more distinguishing features, which quite fits the young generation's taste.
63. 不管后果如何,我将会与他们合作,并从不同的角度来处理这个棘手的问题。
________ ,I will cooperate with them to handle the overwhelming problem from a different angle .
64. 每天做好小事情有助于增强我们的信心,帮助我们在未来迎接更大的挑战。
Doing small things well ________ strengthening our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the
future.
65. 门仍然锁着。
The door________.
66. _________, everyone needs much practice of listening and reading. (master)
为了掌握好一门外语,人人都需要大量的听读训练。
67. 你怎样对这笔开支做出合理解释呢?
How can you _______________?
68. Never let others ________ ________ ________ your life.不要让别人控制你的人生。
69. 目前改革的经济效果还很难判断。
The economic results of the reforms are very ________ at present.
70. 我已经答应她在她家人不在的时候陪伴她。
I have promised ______ ______ ______ ______ when her family are away.
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway
line____71____(connect)the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the
travel time____72____the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty,
part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver,____73____(say)to be the
world’s first smart high-speed railway.
So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages____74____(equip)with 5G signals, intelligent lighting
and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat
has____75____(it)own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on
the route are autonomous,____76____monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can____77____
(automatic)start, stop and adjust to the different speed____78____(limit)between stations. Back at the
station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless
check-ins.
Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the____79____ ( fast )
commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing
bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017,____80____the series were first launched.
2
阅读下面短文,根据意思或所给的词,完成空格填空,使短文通顺
It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I _______81_______(wear) a coat. I walked up to the
door and put my hand into my pocket _____82_____(take) out my key _____83_____ I couldn’t find it. I
suddenly remembered that I _____84_____(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference.
I knew my wife ____85____(be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I
_____86_____(knock) at the door.There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I
______87______(get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my
wife ____88____ (phone) saying that she _____89_____(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.
There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in_____90_____ a window.
3
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Q
Dear Daniel
My high school life is ____91____ (stress). I try to sleep for a while at noon,but I still get sleepy in the
afternoon. What should I do?
Heater
A
Dear Heater,
This is a serious problem. As a teacher,I saw many students sleeping in class,____92____(able) to
focus-even children!
Let's look at your lifestyle. Do you stay awake late at night?Do you use your smartphone before bed?Do
you have caffeine at night?
First,late nights are a bad habit,even if you're staying up late ____93____(study).Research shows that
studying__94__you're tired is less effective. ____95____ (lose)sleep makes you too tired in class the next day.
You should sleep for seven or eight hours each night.
Next,don't use your smartphone before bed. The screen keeps our eyes and brains ____96____(wide)
awake. If you ____97____use a phone before bed,use a blue-light filter(过滤)app.
Of course,you should avoid caffeine after dinner. This means no cola,no chocolate and no coffee.
___98___(drink)non-caffeinated teas or water.
As _____99_____your sleepy afternoons,napping(午休)is normal and healthy. It sounds like you need a
"power nap”. These are 20-30 minute naps that give a boost(增强)of energy. Set your alarm for 25 minutes and
get up when you hear it. Be careful!If you nap too long,you will feel _____100_____(sleep)than before.
Proper sleep is an important part of a healthy life,so taking a nap is taking care of yourself.
Good luck!
Daniel4
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
James Roberts, a professor of Baylor University who ___101___(study) the effects of the Big 5 personality
(个性) features on online ___102___(addict) now, said a better understanding of the correlations (相互关系) can
help people — and particularly parents — keep away ___103___ the dangers.
“We need to teach people to have ___104___(much) self-control,” Roberts said. “Our brains are being
prepared for fast and exciting activities online, ___105___ is making us forget our own responsibility we should
shoulder. We talk about our personality ___106___ (affect) our social media use, but our social media use also
affects our personality. … We’ve seen a generation or two ___107___ (be) crazy about the Internet so that they’re
used to constant stimulation (刺激) and quick and fast and shallow interactions (相互影响).”
David said he hopes the growing organizations of research on the topic will help people become more aware
and ___108___ (avoid) addiction. ___109___ (note) that there are apps that can count people’s daily smart phone
use, he said, “Most people don’t realize they unlock their phone 200 times _____110_____ day.”
5
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Advice is a word that is welcomed warmly by a lot of people. It helps in ____111____ (achieve) goals in a
better way. As we know, ____112____ (experience) people offer their advice with a positive attitude without
making a ____113____ (judge). You can learn how they give advice.
Give advice to people who welcome it. In fact, your focus should be helping others and making ____114____
aware that the advice can be useful if taken in the right spirit. When advice ____115____ (give), it should be short.
It is also essential that while giving advice, one should be fair. As giving advice is ____116____ art, you should
always state the positive side first so that the person is ____117____ (relax) and would in turn welcome your
advice.
Give advice on certain matters. ____118____ a friend of yours wants to buy a car and requests your advice on
the matter, your aim should be to give him details about things to be purchased, but you need not go for some
particular brands or items. ____119____ (similar), advice on some other important issues, like staying in the
relationship or future planning, needs to be given ____120____ (cautious).
参考答案
一、
1. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我很想明天去动物园,但是我得把早上的时间留给一封重要的电子邮
件。A. save救助,保留,节省;B. take拿走,花费;C. cost价钱为,(使)花费;D. spend花费,度过。
根据语境和后文“the morning for an important e-mail”可知,此处指把早上的时间留(节省)出来写一封重
要的邮件。故选A项。
2. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:环顾你所在的城市,你可能会看到地铁里穿着汉服的女孩,大街上穿
着印有汉字的t恤的人。A. sponsor赞助;B. suspect 怀疑;C. spread 传播;D. spot看见。由句意可知,当
你在环顾城市周围时,你应该是看到一些穿汉服的女孩和穿印有汉字t恤的人。故选D项。
3. A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:你不能预测一切。事情往往不会如你所愿。A. work out (如期)发
生,进展(顺利);B. take off起飞,突然成功;C. break in闯进;D. put out扑灭,生产。根据前文“You
can’t predict everything.”可知,事情不会如期发生。故选A项。
4. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:伟大的政策给我家乡的农业发展带来了惊人的连锁反应。A.come
across偶然遇见; B.turned around 转过身来;C.brought about带来了,导致; D.got through完成了。由此空后
文“amazing chain effects”可知,应是政策“带来了”惊人的连锁反应。故选C项。
5. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我一整天一直都在尽力读这本书,但不知怎么的,我不能完全专心致
志于它。A. give in迁就;B. settle down专心致志于;C. look forward盼望;D. live up不辜负。以上四个动
词短语都与句中介词to构成固定短语,根据句意可知,要用动词短语 settle down to(专心致志于)在句中作
谓语,符合句意。故选B项。
6. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:世界上没有任何一个国家能够单独解决这些问题,如气候变化、饥饿
和疾病等。因此,所有的国家都应该合作来摆脱它们。A. cope处理;B. address设法解决;C. replace替代;
D. involve涉及。由“these problems alone, such as climate change, hunger and disease”可知,此处指“解决”
这些问题。故选B。
7. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:当你面对挑战时,尽量不要让沮丧的想法占据上风。自信一点,相信
自己,你会成功的。A. take on承担,呈现;B. take up占据(时间、地方),开始从事;C. take in吸收;
D. take over接管,控制。由“try not to let discouraging thoughts”和“Be confident and trust yourself”可知,此处表示不要让沮丧的想法掌控你。故选D。
8. A
【解析】考查动词。句意:在我看来,电影《妈妈好》给我留下深刻印象的是情节本身。A. impress 留下
印象;B. assist 帮助;C. press 按压;D. cure治愈。根据句意可知,此处表达“电影给我留下深刻印象”
故选A。
9. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这对年轻夫妇随着美妙的音乐跳舞,结束了美好的一天。conclude结
束;surround包围,围绕;此处指“结束了美好的一天”,且与逻辑主语The young couple构成主动关系,
故用现在分词concluding。故选A。
10. D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:我弟弟蒂姆完全没有方向感。因此,无论他多么熟悉这个城市,他也很容
易迷路。A. make sense 有意义;B. feel free感觉自由;C. keep updated 保持更新;D. get lost 迷路。根据
句意可知,此处表达“迷路”。故选D。
11. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于厌烦了冗长无聊的演讲,在场的一些学生开始互相耳语。A. grin
咧着嘴笑;B. demonstrate示范;C. whisper耳语,小声说;D. conclude推断出。根据句意可知,一些学生
觉得演讲冗长无聊,感到厌烦,不愿意听,所以相互之间小声说话。故选C项。
12. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一名高中教师,她深知让学生们保持兴趣的重要性。A.
entertained使有兴趣;B. resolved有决心;C. deceived欺骗;D. confirmed证实。结合语意,作为高中教师
的她深知让学生有兴趣的重要性,空处应用动词的过去分词形式entertained,补充说明her students,作宾
语补足语。故选A项。
13. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:你打算明天什么时候动身去上班?A. turn off关掉;B. cut off切断;C.
let off使某物爆炸;D. set off动身。根据空后“for work tomorrow”可知,此处指“动身去上班”。故选 D
项。
14. A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:每当我遇到困难,你总是让我振作起来,帮助我摆脱困境,这促
使我重拾信心。A. help out帮助摆脱困境,帮一把;B. get across穿过;C. let down使沮丧;D. put on穿上,
上演。根据前文“Whenever I meet difficulties”等句意可知,此处指帮助摆脱困境。故选A项。15. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当地人排队向地震灾区捐款。A. ensure确保;B. donate捐赠;C.
engage参与;D. adjust调整。根据后文“money to the earthquake-hit area”可知,人们向地震灾区捐款。故选
B项。
16. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:大多数吸烟者说他们想戒掉这个习惯。A. combine联合;B. behave表
现,使表现得体;C. quit退出,戒掉;D. assure使确信。根据句意可知,此处表示“大多数吸烟的人想要
戒掉这个不良习惯”。故选C项。
17. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:该公司将成年人作为主要客户。A. affect影响;B. supply提供;C.
target瞄准,以……为目标;D. behave举止,表现。target (at/on) sth./sb.意为“瞄准某物/某人”。根据句意
可知,公司以成年人为主要目标,符合句意。故选C项。
18. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:保护这个古老的历史遗迹非常昂贵,但当地政府每三年都要花一些钱
来修复它。A. preserve 保护;B. deserve 值得;C. appreciate 欣赏;D. celebrate 庆祝。由“The ancient
historic site”和“the local government spends some money repairing it every three years”可知,空格处所在句子
表示“保护这个古老的历史遗迹非常昂贵”,空格处意为“保护”,故选A。
19. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当您前往护照办公室时,您的护照申请表应附有两张近照。A.
accomplished完成;B. addressed致辞;C. advocated倡导;D. accompanied附有,陪伴。根据后文“by two
recent photographs”指护照申请表应附有两张近照,故选D。
20. B
【解析】考查固定用法以及动词词义辨析。句意:现在城里所有的餐馆都关门了,我想知道我的室友怎么
了,他一周四天都在外面吃饭,其余时间都吃外卖。hang out闲逛;dine out在外吃饭,出去吃。what
becomes of sb./sth.是固定用法,意为“某人或某物情况如何”,is become是被动形式,故填第一空 has
become;根据句意可知,前文说餐厅都关门了,所以此空应与餐厅关门的事情有关,故填 dines。故选B
项。
21. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百
种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,
因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
22. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析和固定短语。句意:在橄榄球比赛中,如果你站在侧位,你可以从手或胳膊下
抢球而不犯规。第一空crush挤压,捣碎;grab夺取,抢夺,根据后文“the ball from the hands or under the
arm of the carrier”指从他人手里夺球,应用 grab;第二空 without 没有;rather than 而不是,根据后文
“committing a foul”指不犯规,应用without。故选C。
23. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽管按全球标准衡量,上海的病例数量仍然很小,但该市已成为中国
“动态清除”抗冠状病毒战略的试验台,该战略旨在检测、追踪和集中隔离所有阳性病例及其密切接触者。
“by global standards”意为“以国际标准衡量”,“seek to”意为“争取,追求,力图”,“tend to”意为
“趋向,易于”。根据句意可知,此处为“安全全国标准,政策的目的是检测,追踪,隔离阳性”。故选
D。
24. C
【解析】考查动词,形容词词义辨析。句意:今天,我们齐聚一堂,歌颂皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦,他于1894年
复兴了一个传奇的古老仪式,对人类来说,这一仪式已经消失了15个多世纪。appreciate sth.欣赏,赏识,
高度评价;celebrate sb./sth.赞扬,赞美,歌颂;lost 失去的,丧失的;extinct灭绝的。根据句意可知,第
一空是我们聚在一起歌颂顾拜旦这个人,因此用celebrate;第二空是这个仪式已经消失,“灭绝的”是
extinct,因此用lost。故选C项。
25. B
【解析】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:虽然联合国等国际组织成立已久,但仍有人主张在国与国之间
运用丛林正义。第一空 established 建立;abandoned 抛弃。根据上文“Though such international
organizations as the United Nations are long”指联合国等国际组织成立已久,应用 establish;第二空
adjustment调整;application应用。根据后文“of jungle justice to relations between countries”指在国与国之间
运用丛林正义,应用application。故选B。
26. C
【解析】考查动词,形容词词义辨析。句意:在爱德华七世时代,当晚宴结束后,女人们会退到客厅,而
男人们则留在餐桌旁,自由地谈论那些对女人来说太具挑战性而不必去担心的话题。migrate to迁徙,移居;
retire to退下,退出,离开(尤指到僻静处);challenging有挑战性的;appealing有魅力的,吸引人的。由
句意可知,第一空是女人们从餐桌离开,到客厅里;第二空是男人们在讨论对女性来说很有挑战性的话题。故选C项。
27. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:在上周的新闻发布会上,中国外交部长用通俗易懂的语言向全世界解
释清楚了中国的外交政策。A.get through通过;B.get across解释清楚;C.get over克服;D.get around传播。
根据句意和各个选项的含义可知答案,故选B。
28. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在获得中国首枚奥运单板滑雪金牌后,苏一鸣鼓励其他年轻人追求自
己的目标。A. apply申请;B. pursue追求;C. adapt适应;D. change改变。根据空后their goals可知,此处
指“追求他们的目标”。故选B。
29. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:八十七年以前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育
于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。A. brought forth使产生;B. brought up养大;C. brought down降
低;D. brought out使显示。由“a new nation”可知,句子表示“我们的先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国
家”,因此空格处是“产生”,故选A。
30. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她的律师说她应该为她所遭受的痛苦得到赔偿。A. collaborate合作,
协作;B. cast将(视线,目光)投向;C. relieve缓解;D. compensate赔偿。分析句子以及根据句意可知,
主语she和compensate之间是被动关系;compensate sb. for sth.意为“因为......而赔偿某人”。故选D项。
31. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:痴迷于阅读的人有时会迷失在故事情节里。此处意为“痴迷于”,表
达为be obsessed with。A. obsessed痴迷于;B. compared比较;C. equipped配备,设备;D. concerned涉及
到……。故选A。
32. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:他的第一次尝试失败了,这使他有点失望。A. picked up捡起;B.
resulted in导致、终于(失败);C. broke down分解;D. put on上演。结合failure可知,他的第一次尝试最终
失败了,故选B项。
33. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:汤姆努力想把注意力集中在他的书上,但他的思绪不断地飞回到电影
上。A. concentrate on专注于;B. settle for勉强接受;C. give up放弃;D. take down拆下,拿下。根据下文
“but his thoughts kept flying back to the movie.”可知,此处是指汤姆不能集中注意力在书本上。故选A。34. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我与新同事建立了良好的工作关系。A. overcome克服;B. engaged参
与;C. established建立;D. forgiven原谅。结合a good working relationship with my new colleagues可知,此
处指与新同事建立了良好的工作关系。故选C项。
35. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:一个优秀的演讲者肯定会引起听众的共鸣,并赢得热烈的掌声。
A.cast light on阐明;B.compensate for赔偿;补偿;C.merge into汇合;并入;D.strike a chord with引起共鸣。
根据“ win much applause.”可知,优秀的演讲者会引起关注的共鸣。故选D。
二、
36. dressed up relief
【解析】考查短语和时态。结合汉语提示,前两空的含义为“装扮”,短语:dress up穿着,打扮。根据
句中时态可知,用一般过去时。最后一空应为“送了一口气”,短语:in relief松了口气。结合句意,故填
①dressed ②up③ relief。
37. realized exists
【解析】考查动词的时态。结合句意,表示“意识到”应用动词 realize,根据宾语从句中谓语动词“was”
的时态可知,主句的谓语动词应用一般过去时,故第一空填realized;分析句子结构可知,第二空应为定语
从句补充谓语动词,表示“存在”应用动词exist,“通常存在于人和人之间的距离感”属于客观事实,故
用一般现在时,先行词是the distance,表单数,故第二空填exists。故填①realized②exists。
38. ranging from to
【解析】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查表示“从...到...不等”的意思
对应的动词短语range from...to...在句中做后置定语,修饰前面的名词courses,动作range是名词courses主
动发出的,所以用现在分词形式。故填ranging from to。
39. kept in mind
【解析】考查固定短语搭配。分析句子可知,that引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词things。分析句子且
根据句意可知,空处应填kept in mind与be共同构成从句谓语,其中be kept in mind为固定短语搭配,表
示“被记住”,符合句意。故填①kept ②in③mind。
40. earn/make living
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:为了谋生,一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。根据句子结构分析可知,第
一个空需要使用动词原形与to构成不定式,第二个空需要使用名词。因为“谋生”英文表达为“make/earn
a living”。故填①earn/make;②living。41. was turned down;
【解析】考查时态、语态和短语。结合句意,空处内容为“拒绝”,固定短语:turn sb. down“拒绝”,句
子主语he,单数,与动词短语turn down为动宾关系,结合前文turned,所以此处要用一般过去时的被动语
态。故填was turned down。
42. give off
【解析】考查时态和短语。根据汉语提示,空处的内容为“发出”,短语:give off“发出”。结合when
they fly at night,本句的时态为一般现在时,空处在句中为谓语,主语fireflies为复数,所以此处用原形。
故填give off。
43. carried me through
【解析】考查动词短语和时态。carry sb. through使……渡过难关。在该短语中sb.作为carry的宾语,应该
采用宾格形式me。根据句中时间状语为“those hard days”可知,应该采用一般过去时。故填①carried ②me
③through。
44. capable of
【解析】考查动词短语。对比中文句子,可知空格处缺少的意思是“能够”,根据空格前be动词“was”及
空格后动名词“writing”,可知此处涉及动词短语be capable of(能够做某事)。故填①capable②of。
45. contrasted strikingly with
【解析】考查一般过去时,动词短语,副词。根据句意“与……形成对比”可知,需使用动词短语contrast
with,句子描述的是过去的事,应用一般过去时,所以谓语动词appeared应用appeared,根据并列连词and
可知contrast也需使用一般过去时。“鲜明地”修饰动词 contrast需使用副词strikingly,作状语。故填
①contrasted;②strikingly;③with。
46. caught up in
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:我沉浸在聚会的狂热中,几乎没有注意到五个小时已经过去了!根据句意
“沉浸”可知,需使用动词短语catch up,由于句子主语I与catch up是被动关系,因此需使用被动语态。
根据“在……的狂热中”可知,需使用介词短语in。故填①caught;②up;③in。
47. Put more simply
【解析】考查短语及固定搭配。根据句意,表示“简单地说”用put more simply,置于句首,开头字母大
写,故答案为Put more simply。
48. have been watered
【解析】考查动词,时态,语态和主谓一致。表示“浇水”应用动词water;根据句子意思“已经”可知,
这句话要用现在完成时,表示已经发生过的动作和对现在的影响;句子主语These flowers和动词water是被动的关系,所以要用现在完成时的被动结构;主语These flowers表示复数意义,所以谓语动词用复数形
式。故填have been watered。
49. has been washed away
【解析】考查动词短语,时态,语态和主谓一致。表示“冲走”应用动词短语wash away;根据句子意思
“已经”可知,这句话要用现在完成时,表示已经完成的动作和对现在的影响;根据句子意思和结构可知,
这句话的主语The house和谓语动词wash是被动的关系,所以要用现在完成时的被动结构。主语The house
是单数名词,所以谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填has been washed away。
50. makes us retell the texts are often made to retell the texts by our English teacher
【解析】考查时态和语态以及动词短语。根据汉语意思提示,可知空格处缺少的意思是“让我们复述课
文”;“让某人做某事”为动词短语 make sb. do sth.,其被动形式为be made to do sth.;“复述课文”为
retell the texts。第一个句子的主语是Our English teacher,谓语动词要用单数;第二个句子主语是we,用被
动形式,谓语动词用复数。故填 makes us retell the texts;are often made to retell the texts by our English
teacher。
51. are still being hunted and killed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。表示“捕猎”应用动词hunt;表示“杀害”应用动词kill;表示“仍
然”应用副词still。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查现在进行时的被动语态结构,主语是some of
them,指animals,所以be动词用are。故填are still being hunted and killed。
52. to put off the meeting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构和中文提示,设空处缺动词短语“把会议推迟”,可表达为 put
off the meeting;此处应用动词不定式,作表语,故填to put off the meeting。
53. how to make tea
【解析】考查特殊疑问词、动词短语和动词不定式。“如何泡茶”作 teach的宾语。表示“如何”,应该
用how。表示“泡茶”,可用make tea。可用特殊疑问词+动词不定式作动词宾语,其作用相当于宾语从句。
故填how to make tea。
54. no matter what plays
【解析】考查连词和谓语。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查让步状语从句的连词,表示“无论什么”
的意思,用no matter what来表示;在让步状语从句中,谓语是表示“开玩笑”的意思的动词play,是将来
的动作,要用一般现在时代替将来时,主语是 he,谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填
①no②matter③what④plays。
55. Out rushed【解析】考查副词,动词,时态和倒装句。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查表示“出去”对应的副词
out和表示“冲”对应的动词rush。表示方位的副词out位于句首时,句子要全倒装,把谓语提到主语前面。
本句话是描述过去的事情,所以谓语要用一般过去时。故填Out rushed。
56. refresh friendship
【解析】考查动词短语和动词不定式。根据句子结构和中文提示,设空处缺少“重叙友情”,可表达为
refresh friendship,在句中与动词短语share ideas并列,以动词不定式的形式,作名词 occasion的后置定语,
and之后的不定式短语省略to。故填refresh friendship。
57. doing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构和中文提示,“写作业”应用动词do;短语spend time (in) doing
sth为固定搭配,意为“花费时间做某事”,设空处应填动名词doing,作宾语。故填doing。
58. bear##keep in mind
【解析】考查动词短语。根据句子结构和中文提示,设空处缺“记住”,可表达为 bear/keep...in mind,其
中宾语为“你告诉我的话”,放在动词之后;此处为动词不定式短语作真正的主语,it为形式主语。故填
bear/keep in mind。
59. spoke in a nervous voice
【解析】考查动词、名词、形容词、介词短语和时态。表示“说话”应用动词 speak;表示“声音”应用
名词voice;表示“紧张”应用形容词nervous;表示“用……声音说话”应用介词短语 in a ...voice。根据
句子结构和意思可知,这句话是描述过去的事情,所以谓语动词用一般过去时,表示“说话”的动词
speak是和stuttered并列做谓语,所以用一般过去式的形式。故填spoke in a nervous voice。
60. referred to as
【解析】考查动词短语。表示“把……称为”应用动词短语refer to...as...,根据句子结构和意思可知,这
里表示被动的意思,所以动词refer要用过去分词形式。故填referred to as。
61. I can't tear myself away from it
【解析】考查固定搭配。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查“令某人流连忘返”对应的句子表达做 that
后面的结果状语从句。根据要求用tear可知,这里需要用固定搭配tear sb. away from...表示“迫使...离开...”
的意思,“令我流连忘返”意思是“我不能迫使自己离开那里”,所以需要用情态动词 can't。故填I can't
tear myself away from it。
62. Compared with traditional shopping
【解析】考查动词短语搭配和非谓语。根据中文提示和句子结构分析,此处应填非谓语结构形式,具体短
语应用compare A with B表“把A与B做比较”,且shopping online与compare为被动关系,所以应用过去分词结构作状语。故填Compared with traditional shopping。
63. Regardless of the consequence(s) / result(s) / outcome(s)
【解析】考查动词短语和名词。动词短语 regardless of“不管;不顾”,名词“后果”consequence(s) /
result(s) / outcome(s)。根据句意,故填 Regardless of the consequence(s) / result(s) / outcome
(s)。
64. contributes to
【解析】考查动词短语和时态。动词短语“有助于”contribute to,句子的主语“Doing small things well ”是
动名词短语作主语,又因动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数。故填contributes to。
65. remained locked
【解析】考查句子结构,动词和过去分词作表语。根据所给出的汉语句子可知,设空对应汉语表达“仍然
锁着”,且英语句子只有主语“The door”,因此“仍然(是)”可用动词“remain”,意为“仍然是;保持
不变”作系动词,结合语境可知,用一般过去时,即,“remained”;动词“lock”意为“上锁”,与主语之
间为被动关系,用其过去分词形式“locked”作表语,意为“上锁的;锁着”。故填remained locked。
66. To master a foreign language well
【解析】考查不定式,名词,形容词和副词。根据中英文提示,空格处缺少“为了掌握好一门外语”,分
析句子可知,用不定式形式作目的状语,master“掌握”,foreign language“外语”,language“语言”是可数
名词,此处泛指“一门外语”,用不定冠词a,well“好”,副词作状语,故填To master a foreign language
well。
【点睛】
67. justify the expense
【解析】考查动词和名词。情态动词can 后用动词原形,及物动词justify对……做出合理解释; 名词
expense开支,用定冠词the特指,故填justify the expense。
【点睛】
68. take charge/control of
【解析】考查动词短语。对比中英文句意可知,空处需表示“控制”之意,take charge/ control of控制……,
动词短语,符合题意;let sb. do sth.让某人做某事,固定搭配,所以空处动词需用原形。故填① take
②charge/ control ③of。
69. difficult to judge
【解析】考查固定句型。结合句意分析句子结构可知,sth+be+形容词+to do,意为“做某事是……的”,
为固定句型。设空处缺“难判断”,动词“判断”译为“judge”,设空处应填difficult to judge,主句主语The economic results of the reforms是不定式动词to judge的逻辑宾语。故填difficult to judge。
70. to keep her company
【解析】考查固定搭配。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查表示“陪伴她”的意思的固定搭配keep her
company,在句子中做动词 promised 的宾语,所以 keep 要用动词不定式的结构。故填 to keep her
company。
三、
1
71. connecting
72. between
73. said
74. are equipped
75. its
76. a
77. automatically
78. limits
79. fastest
80. when
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。随着2022年北京奥运会倒计时的继续,连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的
新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。文章介绍了高铁的情况。
71考查现在分词。句意:随着2022年北京冬奥会倒计时的继续,连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新
高速铁路刚刚投入使用。connect和它所修饰的词line之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填
connecting。
72. 考查介词。句意:它将两辆车之间的旅行时间从 3小时缩短到47分钟。根据句意则指,空格处填介词,
指“两个城市之间”;between意为“两者之间”,故填between。
73. 考查过去分词。句意:这条美丽的高速铁路是中国复兴系列的一部分,在没有司机的情况下时速可达
350公里,据说是世界上第一条智能高铁。分析句子可知,say和句子主语This beauty, part of China'sFuxing
series之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填said。
74. 考查时态语态。句意:车厢配备了5G信号、智能照明和传感器,以收集实时数据,并检测任何运行异
常。根据固定搭配be equipped with意为“配备着”,可知用被动语态,描述现状,所以用一般现在时态,
主语为复数名词。故填are equipped。
75. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:同时,每个座位都有自己的触摸屏控制面板和无线充电座。放在名词前面,所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
76. 考查冠词。句意:虽然这条线路上的高速列车是自动驾驶的,但司机会一直在车上监控。分析句子可
知,主句中dirver是可数名词且为单数形式,空格处需填冠词,此处是泛指,故填a。
77. 考查副词。句意:列车可自动启动、停车和调整,以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。修饰动词,所以
用副词。空后是动词start,故填automatically。
78. 考查名词的数。句意:列车可自动启动、停车和调整,以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。作介词的宾
语,所以用名词;空格处前有different修饰,需用名词复数。故填limits。
79. 考查形容词最高级。句意:如今,中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网络和最快的商业运营列车——上
海磁悬浮列车。和前面的largest一样,表示“最快的”,所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填fastest。
80. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:据中国国家铁路集团称,自2017年复兴号动车组首次推出以来,已有
1036列复兴号动车组投入运行。分析可知,空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句,先行词为时间名词
2017,在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
2
81. was wearing
82. to take
83. but
84. had left
85. was
86. knocked
87. got
88. had phoned
89. would go
90. through
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。叙述了我到家门口发现没带钥匙,最后爬窗户进去的一件小事。
81. 考查过去进行时。结合语境可知,天气很冷,我正穿着一件大衣。而全文基调为过去时,故用过去进
行时。故填was wearing。
82. 考查不定式表目的。句意:我走到门口,把手放进口袋里拿出我的钥匙。可知,put my hand的目的是
take out my key,to表目的。故填to take。
83. 考查连词。句意:我走到门口,把手放进口袋里拿出我的钥匙,可是没有找到。结合语境,前后文具
有明显的转折含义。故填but。
84. 考查过去完成时。句意:我突然想起我把它放在办公室的桌子上了。结合语境可知,我把钥匙落在桌上为过去的过去,且对过去造成影响。leave的过去分词形式为left。故填had left。
85. 考查一般过去时及主谓一致。句意:我知道我妻子在家,孩子们现在肯定已经放学回来了,所以我敲
门。根据全文基调,此处应填过去式,my wife为单数,is的过去分词形式为was。故填was。
86. 考查一般过去时。结合语境及全文基调可知,此处填一般过去式。knock的过去式为knocked故填
knocked。
87. 考查一般过去时。结合语境及全文基调可知,此处填一般过去式get的过去式为got。故填got。
88. 考查过去完成时。句意:他说我妻子说她下午和孩子们一起去购物。可知,he said为过去时,而我的
妻子打电话在这之前,且对过去产生影响。故填had phoned。
89. 考查过去将来时。结合语境可知,妻子说她将要去购物,又因基调为过去时,故此处使用过去进行时。
故填would go。
90. 考查介词。句意:我得从爬窗户进去。through有从内部穿过的意思。故填through。
3
91. stressful
92. unable
93. to study
94. when
95. Losing
96. wide
97. must
98. Drink
99. to
100. sleepier
【解析】本文属于应用文,学生写信询问上课犯困的问题,老师给与相应的解决建议。
91. 考查形容词。分析句子可知,本句缺乏表语,描述学校生活的性质,故用stressful充满压力的。
92. 考察形容词。分析句子可知,本句缺乏状语,修饰students,故用形容词unable,表示不能集中注意力。
93. 考查不定式作目的状语。分析句子可知,study作目的状语,故用不定式to study。
94. 考查时间状语从句。分析句子可知,you're tired作时间状语修饰句子,从句缺乏状语,故用连接副词
when。
95. 考查动名词短语作主语。分析句子可知,本句缺乏主语,故用动名词作主语,故用Losing。
96. 考查副词。本句为短语wide awaken完全清醒着,故用wide。
97. 考查情态动词。分析句子可知,如果你一定要用手机,那么要用过滤蓝光的软件。本句为 must的特殊用法,偏要,一定要,故用must。
98. 考查祈使句。分析句子可知,本句为祈使句,故用动词原形,故用Drink。
99. 考查介词。分析句子可知,本句缺乏介词,本句为短语as to至于,关于,故用to。
100. 考查形容词的比较级。根据本句的than可知,本句为比较级结构,根据句意,故用sleepier。
4
101. is studying
102. addiction
103. from
104. more
105. which
106. affecting
107. are
108. avoid
109. Noting
110. a / per
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。从事个性特点与网络成瘾之间关系研究的 Roberts教授说:更好地理解相互
关系(个性和与媒体应用之间相互影响的关系)有助于使人们远离网络成瘾。
101. 考查现在进行时态。虽然say用的是一般过去时态,但它只表达“说”的动作发生在过去。因这项研
究还在继续,所以study用现在进行时态,本句中的now也暗示了这一点,故填is studying。
102. 考查名词。此处需要介词的宾语,所以使用名词addiction。此处addicting动名词不可接受,在需要名
词场合,恰巧该词既有名词形式,又有动词词性(study, work, explain, explanation等)时,确定使用该词的名
词形式还是动名词形式的方法是:若该词后有状语、宾语,一定使用动名词形式;若该词前有形容词,一
定使用名词形式(本题前面有online,因此暗示使用名词形式),故填addiction。
103. 考查介词。keep away from(远离)是固定搭配,故用from。
104. 考查比较级。自控是人们与生俱来的能力。通过后天教育,人会有更多的自控,因此使用more。
105. 考查定语从句。分析句子可知, 5 is making us forget our own responsibility we should shoulder
为非限制性定语从句,其先行词为前面整个主句,该从句缺乏主语,故用关系代词which。
106. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,affect作后置定语修饰personality,与其逻辑主语personality为主谓
关系,故用现在分词形式affecting。
107. 考查主谓一致。or连接主语时谓语动词就近一致。此处主语是“a generation or two (generations必须省
略)”,故填are。108. 考查非谓语动词。此处avoid是与become并列的省略to的不定式充当宾语补语,故填avoid。
109. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,note作原因状语,与其逻辑主语he是主谓关系,所以使用现在分
词,故用Noting。
110. 考查冠词。表达频率的“每一”时,使用不定冠词a / an / per,故用a/per。
5
111. achieving
112. experienced
113. judgment
114. them
115. is given
116. an
117. relaxed
118. If
119. Similarly
120. cautiously
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文的主要内容是给人建议是一门艺术,本文就如何给出建议提出了几个注意
事项。
111. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它有助于以更好的方式实现目标。根据空前in可知,空处填动词-ing形式,
故填achieving。
112. 考查形容词。句意:经验丰富的人提供他们的建议。分析句子结构可知,空处填形容词修饰后面的名
词people,experienced意为“有经验的”,符合句意,故填experienced。
113. 考查名词。句意:正如我们所知,经验丰富的人以积极的态度提供建议,而不做任何判断。根据空前
a可知,空处填名词,judgment意为“判断”,故填judgment。
114. 考查代词。句意:事实上,你的重点应该是帮助他人,并让他们意识到,如果本着正确的态度采纳这
些建议,它们是有用的。分析句子结构可知,空处填代词,make sb. aware意为“让某人意识到”,再结合
句意可知,此处用them指代others,故填them。
115. 考查被动语态。句意:当提出建议时,应该简短。分析句子结构可知,空处填谓语,主语是advice和
give之间是被动关系,再结合语境可知,此处用一般现在时,故填is given。
116. 考查冠词。句意:因为提供建议是一门艺术。分析句子结构可知,空处填冠词,再结合语境可知,art
是元音开头,且表示泛指,故填an。
117. 考查形容词。句意:你应该总是先说积极的一面,这样对方才会放松。分析句子结构可知,空处填形容词,relaxed意为“放松的”,符合句意,故填relaxed。
118. 考查状语从句连词。句意:如果你的朋友想买一辆车,并向你征求意见,你的目标应该是告诉他要买
的东西的细节。分析句子结构可知,空处填从属连词引导状语从句,再结合句意可知,空处填if引导条件
状语从句,意为“如果”故填If。
119. 考查副词。句意:在其他一些重要问题上,比如维持关系或未来规划,需要谨慎地给出建议。分析句
子结构可知,空处填副词,修饰空后的句子,再结合句意可知,similarly 意为“相似地”,故填
Similarly。
120. 考查副词。句意:在其他一些重要问题上,比如维持关系或未来规划,需要谨慎地给出建议。分析句
子结构可知,空处填副词,修饰空前 be given,再结合句意可知,cautiously 意为“谨慎地”,故填
cautiously。