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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(人教版 2019)
完形填空解答微观策略
1
策略复习
策略1：词汇线索助力解题
词汇线索主要是词语复现和词语同现。许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词复现、同义复现、同源词复
现、上下义复现、词语同现及反义复现等重复出现来表达，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因
此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的词汇复现来选择正确的答案。
1.原词复现
【真题示例1】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
One day they’ll 47.wake__up and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a __48__．
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences．I have a very strong 51.fear
that the lie we’re telling...
48．A.dream B．lie
C．fantasy D．fact
【分析】 本题可以利用原词复现解题。由下文的“I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie...”并结合语境可
知，本句意为：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是
一个谎言。故选B项。
【真题示例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the
same __54__ as his father’s painting.
“That’s the garden in our picture，”Nicolo’s son told his father.
54．A.room B．kitchen
C．hall D．garden
【分析】 本题可以利用原词复现解题。由下文中“That’s the garden in our picture”的garden可知，尼科洛
的儿子买的一本书中皮尔·波纳尔的图片中的椅子和花园跟尼科洛得到的画中的一模一样，这应该是让人惊
讶的。
2.同/近义复现
【真题示例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)It was signed(签名)“Bonnato” or so he thought，but when he 51.researched it，he only found “Bonnard，”a
French 52.painter he had never heard of.
...
They __57__ the other painting and learned that it was 58.actually Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table
with a Small Dog.”
57．A.collected B．cleaned
C．framed D．studied
【分析】 本题可以利用同义复现解题。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是 Paul Gauguin的
“Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog”。根据上文的but when he 51.searched it可知此处用“研究”
符合语境，research和study是同义词复现，故选D项。
3.同源词复现
【真题示例】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.
...
This 52.view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as __53__ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of
a few kilometers.
53．A.scientists B．climbers
C．locals D．officials
【分析】 本题可以利用同源词复现解题。联系上文的“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb
Kilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统，climb与climber是同源词。故选B。
4.上下义复现
【真题示例】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Above 4，000 meters is the highland__57__：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.
57．A.village B．desert
C．road D．lake
【分析】 本题可以利用上下义复现解题。冒号后的gravel，stones and rocks的上义词是desert(荒漠)。
5.词语同现
【真题示例】 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
The instructors called for an ambulance.55.Fortunately，after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well enough to
be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner.
56．A.return B．relaxC．speak D．leave
【分析】 本题可以利用词语同现解题。最有可能与ambulance (救护车)，after a brief stay in hospital (短暂
住院之后)等词同现的应当是“出院(leave)”，而不是“回归(return)”“放松(relax)”“说话(speak)”。故选D。
6.反义复现
【真题示例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
They’ll have out half the 45.goods in the shop，and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46.particular
colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can get，but I try to persuade them to keep __47__．
47．A.fighting B．smiling
C．waiting D．changing
【分析】 本题可以利用反义复现解题。根据连词but可知，此处填入的词与前一分句中的upset意义相反，
故选B。
策略2：利用固定搭配及固定结构
高考英语完形填空会考查一些习惯搭配、地道习惯用语及固定句型等。因此在备考过程中要有意识地
加强对固定搭配、句型及习惯用语的积累和掌握。
【真题示例1】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
It was just after sunrise on a June morning.“Nicolo，”whose real name cannot be __41__ to the public because of
Italy’s privacy laws...
41．A.attached B．allocated
C．exposed D．submitted
【分析】 本题可以利用固定搭配解题。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实
名字因为意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。be exposed to“暴露给……”，为固定搭配。
【真题示例2】 (2020·山东高考模拟卷)
So，on 14 December 2011，I packed up my life，__25__ of my job plans，and climbed 60 meters to the top of
this tree.I have been here ever since.
25．A.grew out B．fell short
C．ran out D．let go
【分析】 本题可以利用固定搭配解题。根据语境可知，在2011年12月14日，我收拾好我的生活，爬到
了树上，所以此处应是放弃了我的工作计划。let go of “放弃”，为固定搭配。
策略3：利用逻辑关系解题
即通过根据句、段间内在的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连
接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系、并列关系、条件与结果关系等。
1.转折关系
【真题示例1】 (2020·山东高考模拟卷)
I am willing to stay up here for as long as it takes，__33__ I honestly hope it won’t be too long before I can put
my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be logged．
33．A.but B．though
C．because D．so
【分析】 本题可以利用转折关系解题。空前提到我愿意待在树上，空后说，我不希望待在树上太长时间，
由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故填but。故选A。
【真题示例2】 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
The 3，500 residents cannot all 56.enjoy the sunshine at the same time.__57__，the new light feels like more than
enough for the town’s 58. sun － starved residents.
57．A.Instead B．However
C．Gradually D．Similarly
【分析】 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。空前提到居民不能同时享受阳光，空后说，新光线对小镇居民而
言感觉绰绰有余，由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故选however (然而)。
2.因果关系
【真题示例】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
He was an international grandmaster，which 45.meant I would be learning from one of the game’s __46__．I
could hardly wait to 47.meet him.
46．A.fastest B．easiest
C．best D．rarest
【分析】 本题可以利用因果关系解题。
通过上面对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的因果关系，再结合语义，答案可以确定
为C项。
3.对比关系
【真题示例】 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
The following term ， I 56.registered__for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was57.prohibited．I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.__58__，if there had been any talking，it would
have 59.caused us to learn less.Now，I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens.
58．A.Lastly B．Thus
C．Instead D．However
【分析】 本题可以利用对比关系解题。根据上下文的语境可知，作者很快意识到无声并非是不愉快的，
相反(Instead)，如果有任何谈话的话，会导致作者他们学习得更少。所以，前后文是对比关系，故选C项。
Instead“相反地”；Lastly“最后，终于”；Thus“因此”；However“然而”。
4.递进关系
【真题示例】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
In order to 50.pass the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.apply what we
would learn in class to our future professions and，__52__，to our lives.
52．A.eventually B．naturally
C．directly D．normally
【分析】 本题可以利用递进关系解题。第一层：为了通过这门课程，我们得写一篇论文，在论文中我们
要说明如何把在课堂上学到的东西“应用到”未来的职业中去；第二层：“最终”应用到自己的生活中去。
结论：第一、二层之间为“递进”关系。故选A项。
5.让步关系
【真题示例】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
And，even if I weren’t__43__ enough about free credits，news about our 44.instructor was appealing enough to
me.
43．A.excited B．worried
C．moved D．tired
【分析】 本题可利用让步关系解题。
结合句意可确定答案为A。
策略4：利用语境暗示解题
在完形填空的短文中常常设置前后互相暗示的考题。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的某
些填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法得出正确答案，但只要我们继续往后看，就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。所以，在做题时一定要充分利用前后的语境线索，以提高做题的
正确率。
【真题示例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences．I have a very strong 51.fear
that the lie we’re telling is doing __52__ damage to our children.
52．A.physical B．biological
C．spiritual D．behavioral
【分析】 本题可以利用语境暗示解题。由语境可知此处意为：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的
谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。故选C。
策略5：利用作者态度和情感色彩解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的
重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮
助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【真题示例】 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with__49__．It just
started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face.
49．A.surprise B．joy
C．hesitation D．anxiety
【分析】 本题可以利用作者态度和情感色彩解题。根据空格前面的nervousness and fear were replaced(紧
张不安和恐惧被取代了)以及后面的“It just started licking Ehlers’ face.(它就开始舔Ehlers的脸)”可知，它的
不安和恐惧被快乐(joy)取代。答案可以确定为B项。
策略6：利用生活常识和文化背景解题
高考完形填空提供了相对完整的语篇信息，但其间渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和常识。考生在做
题时可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来进行分析判断，以节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答
案。
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若
能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会
大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
【真题示例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
The 59.family called the Italian Culture Ministry；the official confirmed that the paintings were __60__ and worthas much as $50 million.
60．A.copies B．originals
C．models D．presents
【分析】 本题利用生活常识和文化背景解题。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是
原版，价值高达5 000万美元。根据下文的as much as $50 million，结合生活常识可知只有画家的原版才值
这么多钱，故选B项。
2
能力强化
1
In high school Norman Greenstein was a productive doodler (涂鸦手), and created lots of paintings. When he
____1____ his works to his teacher, the teacher responded, “The problem with modern art is that you can
____2____ on a canvas and call it art.” Norman felt so disappointed, but he ____3____ parted with art over the
years.
After his ____4____, Norman spared no efforts to ____5____ his wife and three children with devotion.
Although life was sometimes hard for him, it didn’t ruin his ____6____ for creative expression. After being
diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, the 65- year-old social worker, decided to turn his ____7____ diagnosis into a
positive opportunity to ____8____ a lifelong dream.
With the help of his son, Norman was able to start a ____9____ involving his whole family, in order to make
his own works ____10____ by all people around him, as well as his ____11____ experience of fighting against
Parkinson’s disease.
In 2021, an online ____12____ was launched to feature the colorful canvases and he also ____13____ a memoir
called Spit on a Canvas: the Journey of the Parkinson’s Painter. Meanwhile, Norman began selling his first
paintings, with galleries exhibiting his works. The team is also ____14____ releasing Norman’s first digital NFT
art collection. 20% of the ____15____ has been donated to two Parkinson’s research foundations.
1. A. assigned B. offered C. conveyed D. showed
2. A. set B. spit C. sneeze D. skip
3. A. still B. occasionally C. never D. frequently
4. A. retirement B. exhibition C. graduation D. marriage
5. A. support B. remove C. judge D. replace
6. A. calling B. praying C. longing D. waiting7. A. unbelievable B. dark C. embarrassing D. unsolved
8. A. release B. refresh C. realize D. restore
9. A. project B. request C. competition D. reform
10. A. spotted B. recommended C. developed D. regarded
11. A. thrilling B. pleasant C. plain D. stressful
12. A. drama B. contest C. programme D. gallery
13. A. published B. copied C. revised D. examined
14. A. ending with B. working on C. relying on D. paying for
15. A. salary B. reward C. sale D. allowance
2
Emma Jones’ three-year-old son, Eric, was sharing a hot dog on the deck overlooking her friend Sarah Roth’s
swimming pool. One moment Jones was watching Eric play around with the other children at this____16____of
moms and kids last July. The next moment he disappeared without a____17____. She turned to her friend Machel
Rawlings and asked,“ Have you seen Eric?”
Rawlings stood, ____18____ the pool and suddenly screamed. Eric was found ____19____ face down in the
deep end. What happened next was a ____20____ textbook response: As Rawlings dived in the pool, grasped the
boy,____21____ him over and swam him to the end. Meanwhile, their host, Sarah Roth, dialed 911. At the
pool’s____22____, Rawlings handed Eric up to his mother. His skin was blue and wasn’t breathing.
Rawlings who’d taken a CPR course just four months earlier, immediately began rescue breathing. Hanging up
the phone, Roth, a former flight attendant who’d accumulated ____23____ experience before,____24____CPR
from Rawlings. Three long minutes went by with Roth breathing into Eric’ s mouth and _____25_____chest
compressions(按压) while Rawlings and Jones _____26_____his condition. Gradually his color _____27_____,
and as the ambulance was arriving on the _____28_____, Rawlings looked at Roth.“ He’s breathing,” she said.
The _____29_____with which the women acted saved Eric’s life. Emma Jones found any words seemed
powerless. She said _____30_____,“ They did everything right.”
16. A. encounter B. union C. gathering D. game
17. A. trace B. symptom C. footprint D. signal
18. A. found B. examined C. fixed D. scanned
19. A. floating B. lying C. sinking D. diving
20. A. initial B. typical C. creative D. effective
21. A. rolled B. knocked C. checked D. ran22. A. point B. edge C. stage D. boundary
23. A. accessible B. apparent C. sufficient D. significant
24. A. took up B. took in C. took place D. took over
25. A. performing B. working C. testing D. stretching
26. A. maintained B. monitored C. adapted D. generated
27. A. faded B. changed C. returned D. revealed
28. A. pool B. scene C. route D. venue
29. A. courage B. kindness C. persistence D. decisiveness
30. A. actually B. fairly C. finally D. simply
3
It was thought that Microbes (细菌) in sediments — solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid beneath
the seafloor died above 80°C, but scientists have found some that can survive up to 120°C and possibly higher
temperatures. The discovery shows that life in seafloor sediments can survive higher temperatures than previously
thought.
“I would think that wherever there’s energy that can be exploited by microorganisms, ____31____ find(s) a
way.” says Tina Treude at the University of California, Los Angeles. It is possible that there is life at even higher
temperatures. “The only way to find out is to go back and ____32____ deeper,” she says, though in lab
experiments so far, no microbes have been found to grow above 122°C.
The researchers were also able to ____33____ out and count cells using a special device. Together, the
findings show that relatively few cells survive at these temperatures, but those that do have very high metabolic (新
陈代谢的) rates. “It was astonishingly high,” says Treude.
This surprised the team because it is the ____34____ of what has been found in shallower sediments, where it
is much colder. Microbes are ____35____ there, but their metabolisms are extremely slow and individual microbes
might live for millions of years. At 120°C, the heat is doing a lot of damage to cells, so microbes may need high
metabolisms to generate enough energy to repair this damage. It is a(n) ____36____ to stay alive, says Treude.
It isn’t clear what these heat-loving, or thermophilic, microbes are, as the team was unable to ____37____
their DNA. Nor is it clear how they came to be in the sediments, given that this would have been a very cold
environment for a long time after the sediments that the samples came from were first ____38____.
However, a few thermophilic microbes would have been present when the sediments were deposited, and they
may have somehow ____39____ until temperatures began to rise due to being _____40_____ under morematerial, says team member Felix Beulig at Aarhus University in Denmark.
As the temperatures rose, all the microbes that weren’t _____41_____ of heat would gradually have died off,
says team member Florian Schubert at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. “The microbes
that cannot _____42_____, they just die,” he says.
Patrick Forterre at the Pasteur Institute in Paris says that while there are _____43_____ results showing
microbe growth at 106°C, nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at 122°C.
“It’s very difficult to _____44_____ the upper temperature limit,” he says.
He is therefore _____45_____ of the idea of microbes living normally at 120°C, but he does think it is possible
that they could somehow survive and became active again at lower temperatures.
31. A. life B. energy C. bacteria D. voyage
32. A. think B. research C. practise D. drill
33. A. spread B. figure C. separate D. reach
34. A. opposite B. evidence C. coincidence D. resemblance
35. A. moderate B. existent C. swift D. plentiful
36. A. game B. approach C. race D. solution
37. A. explode B. identify C. locate D. attack
38. A. formed B. deposited C. tagged D. covered
39. A. stuck on B. moved away C. died off D. run out
40. A. exposed B. removed C. buried D. washed
41. A. tolerant B. afraid C. tired D. careful
42. A. translate B. adapt C. escape D. furnish
43. A. various B. false C. reliable D. different
44. A. pass B. break C. outstep D. determine
45. A. capable B. doubtful C. sick D. ignorant
4
“Be present.” This is the slogan of mindfulness meditation and a supposed key to self-awareness and
acceptance. In any type of mindfulness exercise, the goal is to perform routine activities with a ____46____ sense
of attention.
Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances
it’s important to be ____47____. That is, as we develop skill in complex tasks, we can perform them with
increasing facility until attention seems to be ____48____. Everyday examples range from riding a bike tochopping cucumbers to brushing your teeth.
Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to
them. These processes proceed without conscious ____49____. We don’t perform all tasks automatically, but
many can be performed this way once they are well ____50____.
To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill. But research has also revealed that paying
too much attention to what you’re doing can have ____51____ effects, particularly when you perform well-
practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to “choke (窒息) under ____52____”: They
think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand.
In a classic study, cognitive scientist Sian Beilock and her colleagues had skilled golfers attempt to sink putts
(推球入洞) under different experimental conditions. In one scheme, the golfers were simply ____53____ to pay
attention to the swing of their club (球杆) and say “stop” when they finished their swing. In another condition,
they were directed to listen for a target sound while ____54____ other noises and say the word “tone” when they
heard the target sound.
____55____, the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when
they paid attention to irrelevant sounds. The effect of paying attention to their swing was so damaging that when
they were warming up before the ____56____ began, the golfers actually did better.
Focusing too carefully on the ____57____ of well-practised motor sequences (运动序列) can cause
mistakes, which is the important message from this research. ____58____, we should not resign to go through life
on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment.
But there are situations where we should let automaticity ____59____.
The next time you ride a bike or join in a sport, don’t ____60____ it.
46. A. lowered B. heightened C. typical D. vague
47. A. attentive B. single-minded C. mindless D. cool-headed
48. A. unnecessary B. unrecognizable C. unusual D. unwelcome
49. A. preparation B. decision C. awareness D. reaction
50. A. assigned B. shared C. fulfilled D. practised
51. A. apparent B. moderate C. positive D. damaging
52. A. attack B. development C. pressure D. observation
53. A. commanded B. instructed C. recommended D. challenged
54. A. making B. reducing C. noticing D. ignoring55. A. Surprisingly B. Instantly C. Unfortunately D. Inevitably
56. A. assessment B. process C. investigation D. experiment
57. A. performance B. consequence C. influence D. automation
58. A. In contrast B. Of course C. On the other hand D. By the way
59. A. take over B. follow on C. hold up D. get away
60. A. highlight B. outperform C. overthink D. underestimate
5
TikTok, a social media app dedicated to short-form videos, has emerged as a major firer of food trends —
from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread and feta pasta. But another trend, the #whatieatinaday
trend, is dominating TikTok, which is nearing 9 billion ____61____.
Even though #whatieatinaday posts may be ____62____ to serve as healthy inspiration for others, there’s a
growing feeling that these video diaries of daily eats will likely do more harm than good — especially among
young girls or people with a history of disordered eating.
The ____63____ message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them.
Yet what someone else eats in a day doesn’t mean it’s right for you, since these “____64____” videos are not a
completely accurate representation of what someone typically eats.
Often the overly stylized (程式化) meals do not____65____ a nutritionally adequate diet. The posts are
____66____the illusion (幻想) of an ideal day of eating, along with an ideal body size.
Younger audiences, especially girls and young women, internalize the message that they must eat like these
creators to achieve and maintain not only health, but also social ____67____. The biggest harm with this trend is
that it normalizes disordered or ____68____ eating behaviors. This could prevent someone struggling with an
eating disorder from ____69____ support or treatment.
Even if the #whatieatinaday posts are displaying a _____70_____ day of eating, the subtext message of “eat
like me, and you will look like me” is harmful because people will not necessarily achieve the same body size as
the _____71_____ even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.
_____72_____, what might be a healthy, adequate day of satisfying meals for one person may be inadequate
and unsatisfying to another. Even worse, someone looking at these posts may conclude that they need to be eating
half as much to _____73_____.
People making these videos are overwhelmingly thin, young, able-bodied and white. There is a complete lack of
body _____74_____. And this encourages harmful comparisons to unrealistic body standards that are_____75_____ to the vast majority of people. Therefore, those of us from marginalized communities are once again
unable to see positive representations of our varying bodies, foods and cultural representation in these harmful
posts.”
61. A. views B. statements C. analyses D. identities
62. A. emphasized B. simplified C. requested D. intended
63. A. moral B. scientific C. potential D. instant
64. A. modern B. staged C. educational D. labelled
65. A. prioritize B. commercialize C. recognize D. exchange
66. A. promoting B. representing C. spoiling D. perfecting
67. A. welfare B. equality C. desirability D. justice
68. A. individual B. instinctive C. restrictive D. changeable
69. A. attracting B. seeking C. losing D. offering
70. A. fixed B. balanced C. relaxing D. demanding
71. A. reader B. advertiser C. browser D. poster
72. A. Therefore B. Finally C. Additionally D. Meanwhile
73. A. lose weight B. share interests C. assume burden D. make contributions
74. A. language B. diversity C. warmth D. response
75. A. available B. predictable C. inadequate D. unachievable
6
Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a
research team claim to have made progress in ___76___ the simplest kind of memory a mollusk (软体动物) might
form, and, with a swift injection, managed to ___77___ one sea snail’s memory to another.
The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the ___78___between
brain cells, but in RNA molecules (分子), according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA. To ___79___ the
idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The
procedure made the animals so ___80___ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies
intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes
a(n) ___81___ response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and
___82___ it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are ___83___ sensitized,
suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his researchteam, the experiment shows that ___84___ parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the
connectivity of brain cells.
However, the work has not yet found widespread ____85____. “Further work needs to be carried out to
determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the ____86____ of such phenomena,” said Prof Vann
at Cardiff University. “While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very ____87____ in drawing comparisons
to human memory processes, which are much more complex.”
Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is ____88____. “This work takes us down an interesting road, but I
have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve transplanted a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the
most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”
____89____, Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: “In a field full of acceptance
but lacking ____90____, we need as many new ideas as possible.”
76. A. deleting B. disturbing C. refreshing D. understanding
77. A. transfer B. adjust C. compare D. relate
78. A. connections B. conflicts C. secrets D. distances
79. A. promote B. test C. eliminate D. impose
80. A. sensitive B. adaptable C. strong D. relaxed
81. A. necessary B. peaceful C. unconscious D. impossible
82. A. plunged B. invested C. translated D. injected
83. A. crazily B. dangerously C. scarcely D. equally
84. A. optional B. essential C. memorial D. virtual
85. A. association B. recognition C. innovation D. publication
86. A. depth B. application C. basis D. description
87. A. imaginative B. careful C. ambitious D. speedy
88. A. supported B. persuaded C. unappreciated D. unconvinced
89. A. Nevertheless B. Eventually C. For example D. As a result
90. A. expression B. likelihood C. suspicion D. disturbance
7
Some literary characters capture the imagination of readers. Their adventures, experiences, talents and
personalities make them ___91___. Detective Sherlock Holmes is one of these. Author Arthur Conan Doyle
created Holmes in 1887 in his works. He was brilliant. Critically, his ability to notice ___92___, assemble them
and draw conclusions amazed everyone. He first appeared in the story “A Study in Scarlet”The story alsointroduced Dr. John Watson and how he came to live with Holmes and be part of his life. Watson observes that
many interesting people visit Holmes at various times during the day. Holmes informs Watson he is a
“___93___detective”. These people are clients, including ___94___ from Scotland Yard, who seek his help to
solve difficult cases.
Watson narrates this first case which involves the murders of two men. The story has two parts. In the first
part, Holmes solves the crime and captures the killer. The second part gives the backstory as to why the killer
murdered his ___95___. It was a revenge (报复) killing for their part in the death of the murderer’s fiancee.
The Red-headed League is on many people’s lists of their favorite stories ___96___ Sherlock Holmes. In this
story, red-headed businessman Jabez Wilson wants Holmes’ help. Several weeks before, Wilson’s young assistant,
Vincent Spaulding, had ___97___ him to reply to a newspaper ad. The ad offered ___98___ paid work to a red-
headed man. Wilson gets the job and is paid 4 pounds a week for short periods of afternoon work. ___99___
suddenly without notice the job stops. Wilson wants Holmes’s assistance to discover what happened. Holmes
____100____ a description of Spaulding and goes to see him at Wilson’s shop. He notices that the knees of
Spaulding’s trousers are ____101____. Then Holmes taps on the pavement ____102____Wilson’s shop. Next he
calls a police inspector and the director of the bank that is behind Wilson’s shop. The four men hide in the dark
bank vault (金库) and wait. Soon two men, one of whom is Spaulding, ____103____ from a tunnel cut into the
vault’s floor and are captured. The two men had ____104____ the Red-headed League to keep Wilson away while
they dug the ____105____ to the bank vault.
91. A. imaginable B. intelligible C. powerful D. unforgettable
92. A. criminals B. processes C. details D. expressions
93. A. consulting B. investing C. conducting D. enquiring
94. A. natives B. detectives C. officials D. rivals
95. A. colleges B. partners C. relatives D. victims
96. A. including B. representing C. involving D. praising
97. A. urged B. helped C. warned D. forced
98. A. dearly B. fully C. highly D. earnestly
99. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Meanwhile D. Then
100. A. turns to B. asks for C. takes down D. works out
101. A. dirty B. ordinary C. special D. wet
102. A. on top of B. at the back of C. in front of D. in the middle of103. A. escape B. emerge C. run D. keep
104. A. invented B. organized C. supervised D. commanded
105. A. yard B. wall C. hole D. tunnel
8
Artificial intelligence (AI) has amazing potential to change the world, and we’ve only just begun to scratch the
surface. As AI matures and people move further away from distinct programming and monitoring of systems,
unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause ___106___ harm for
individuals and society. This bias might ___107___ input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.
All too often, data sets are incomplete and the sample represented in the data set does not ___108___the
population that the AI model is making predictions about—this is known as coverage bias. Some other types of bias
related to input data include sampling bias, where data is not collected randomly from the target group, and
participation bias, where users from certain groups ___109___ surveys at different rates than users from other
groups. Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or
analyst has a strong ___110___ belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives. This could
lead one to more strongly ___111___ data that confirms a preexisting belief.
Bias resulting from AI algorithms themselves, or algorithmic bias, is equally ___112___. One example of
algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias, where data scientists ___113___ make associations or
assumptions based on their mental models and memories that affect data modeling decisions. Implicit bias can
___114___ how data is collected and classified, or how systems are designed and developed. As machines learn,
their conclusions and decisions affect people. Ethical (道德的) AI must understand these impacts and create
governance and testing methods to ___115___ mistakes and inaccuracies.
To create ethical AI, companies need to put the ___116___ of the individual at the center of data innovation.
This means thinking about ___117___ rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data,
including how we use AI.
Having ___118___ data practices for AI means having good AI governance. This governance not only focuses
on data and analytics but also understands the impacts of any given analysis and makes sure it’s ___119___ and
accurate. Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency (透明性).
None of this will be easy, but true innovation never is. By coming together and working on the problem of bias
now, before it becomes a(n) ___120___ force, businesses can help bring out the best AI has to offer the world.
106. A. theoretical B. psychological C. disproportionate D. unintended107. A. arise from B. contribute to C. take over D. make up
108. A. inspire B. match C. protect D. restrict
109. A. quit B. administer C. compare D. analyze
110. A. distinct B. predictable C. original D. widespread
111. A. restore B. imply C. miss D. favor
112. A. embarrassing B. dangerous C. relevant D. ridiculous
113. A. intentionally B. temporarily C. automatically D. appropriately
114. A. influence B. help C. attract D. predict
115. A. admit B. define C. address D. publicize
116. A. belongings B. expressions C. characteristics D. needs
117. A. civil B. digital C. legal D. natural
118. A. frequent B. responsible C. peculiar D. graceful
119. A. fair B. quick C. appealing D. adequate
120. A. leading B. innovative C. cultural D. destructive
9
Loans at public libraries fell dramatically during the pandemic (疫情), while website visits rose. If the service
is to ____121____ further cuts, it needs users.
Libraries are romantic yet plain places. The romance is that of reading, and the wealth of human imagining
and learning that is ____122____ in them. The plain side of libraries is more ____123____. This is the world of
buildings, shelving, books, library cards, computers—and people with bodies that ____124____ space as well as
minds that can be opened. It would be hard to find anyone who actively ____125____ libraries, and question the
principles of self-improvement that they stand for. But when it comes to ____126____, Britain’s libraries are on
less solid ground. The sector has been cut ____127____ in the past decade, with around 800 libraries across
England disappearing.
The first Covid lockdown caused a new ____128____ of interest in reading, as the idea took hold that people
forced to stay at home would spend more time with their noses in books — both finding out more about the virus
and escaping from it. But the latest data regarding libraries is ____129____ for anyone who values them as
bricks-and-mortar (实体店) places to go. The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March 2021 was
72.9m, down 56% on the previous year. Physical visits also ____130____, from 214.6m to 59.7m, compared with
the fact that website visits grew by 18% to 154.7m. Of course, this is the behavior that one would expect during apandemic. Many libraries were closed during this period, when people were ____131____ from unnecessary
mixing.
Private libraries at home, whether large collections or single, untidy bookshelves, appear to be ____132____,
with more ones springing up. But the hope must be that visits and loans at public libraries will soon return to their
former level too. Like any other service, libraries need users. And while booksellers might in one sense be regarded
as rivals (竞争对手), ____133____ the vast majority of those involved in the trade, from publishers to poets, are
library lovers—as can be seen from the volumes they have inspired.
This has something to do with the romantic notion of the reader as ____134____, with every book a door to a new
store of feeling or understanding. But it also shows the recognition that if books are to form part of our
____135____ life, there must be space in public for them. Books can be treasured possessions, but there is also
something special about a copy that arrives in your hands having passed through those of others — and that will go
on being passed between strangers who share your curiosity.
121. A. accept B. forbid C. survive D. gain
122. A. contained B. excluded C. assumed D. passed
123. A. realistic B. physical C. significant D. theoretical
124. A. occupy B. provide C. leave D. limit
125. A. boast of B. disapprove of C. set up D. clear up
126. A. capabilities B. readability C. practicalities D. originality
127. A. specially B. carefully C. massively D. completely
128. A. lack B. variety C. conflict D. increase
129. A. inspiring B. worrying C. dramatic D. predictable
130. A. collapsed B. doubled C. coincided D. restarted
131. A. concealed B. distracted C. discouraged D. protected
132. A. fading B. charming C. thrilling D. booming
133. A. in contrast B. in fact C. in addition D. in all
134. A. creator B. communicator C. explorer D. producer
135. A. personal B. independent C. balanced D. mutual
10
Farmers around the world face serious challenges in growing food more effectively. Climate warming
increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi (真菌), and bacteria. So to manage the threat, farms areturning to artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and computer vision to target pests more ____136____.
In 2019 the United Nations reported on the pest ____137____ causing crop losses of between 20 and 40
percent of global production each year. Damage from plant diseases, it said, costs the world economy an estimated
$220 billion annually, and invasive insects around $70 billion.
Smart farming is one way to combat the problem, using AI and robotics to kill bugs and reduce reliance on
pesticides while ____138____ skilled worker shortages and adapting to climate change. Technologies include soil
and crop sensors, satellite and drone monitoring, plus computer vision and AI data analysis to reduce the number of
affected plants and increase crop ____139____.
Insect monitoring services like the UK’s Spotta offer ____140____ real-time data on invasive species. The
company uses internet-connected dry traps to catch red palm weevils (象鼻虫) that attack date palms, causing
more than $1 billion of losses in the Middle East, Africa, and North America each year.
Traps alert plantation workers to trees infested (寄生)with weevils so they can eliminate them before they
cause any real damage. And this targeted approach means less pesticide is used, ____141____ the impact on other
species.
____142____, the Californian agriculture technology startup FarmSense uses visual sensors and machine
learning algorithms (算法) trained to find and track insects in real-time. With non-native invasive insect species
____143____ to increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050, these technologies could give farmers a huge advantage in
eco-friendly pest control and food growing.
Precision spot spraying linked to AI is another valuable add-on that aims to ____144____ pesticide and
herbicide use. Spraying entire crops can harm insect pollinators (传花粉者)like bees and becomes part of
agricultural run-off when it is washed out of soil. But targeting weeds or insects using cameras and directed sprays
can vastly reduce ____145____ use.
In the Czech Republic, scientists at Mendel University in Brno have built a sample robot that patrols
greenhouses and can identify the different ____146____ of insect growth. It then ____147____ just enough
insecticide to kill individual pests, working 24 hours a day to keep things under control.
Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the
future of farming. In the case of 80 Acres, its pesticide-free indoor farms are ____148____ by AI every step of the
way. Robots do a lot of the work and computer vision lets them know if crops need more nutrients or if pests are
causing ____149____.
Their efforts are part of what analysts say will be a $2.6 billion AI-farming market by 2025. Reimagining howfarming operates will be crucial says the World Bank – reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and
biodiversity loss. And technology will play its part in helping farmers improve their all-around crop ____150____.
136. A. effectively B. temporarily C. desperately D. enthusiastically
137. A. mystery B. burden C. control D. challenge
138. A. conducting B. strengthening C. employing D. addressing
139. A. fields B. diseases C. yields D. sensors
140. A. targeted B. enlarged C. analysed D. downloaded
141. A. increasing B. having C. reducing D. measuring
142. A. Generally B. Similarly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately
143. A. forecast B. growth C. cultivation D. migration
144. A. make B. direct C. instruct D. minimize
145. A. valuable B. physical C. chemical D. scientific
146. A. stages B. types C. species D. options
147. A. submits B. applies C. reduces D. produces
148. A. constructed B. demonstrated C. monitored D. managed
149. A. threat B. treatment C. evolution D. damage
150. A. association B. cultivation C. measurement D. management
参考答案
1
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了涂鸦手诺曼因为美术老师对自己的作品的糟糕评价感
到非常失望，但是这并没有破坏他对创造性表达的渴望。尤其在65岁的时候被诊断为帕金森病后，他决定
去实现这一生的梦想。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他向老师展示他的作品时，老师回答说：“现代艺术的问题是你可以在画
布上吐痰，称之为艺术。”A. assigned分配；B. offered提供；C. conveyed表达；D. showed展示。根据下
句“The problem with modern art is that you can ___2 __ on a canvas and call it art.”可知当他把自己的作品给
老师看时得到了老师的回答。故选D。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他向老师展示他的作品时，老师回答说：“现代艺术的问题是你可以在画
布上吐痰，称之为艺术。”A. set设定；B. spit吐痰；C. sneeze打喷嚏；D. skip跳跃。根据下句 “Norman
felt so disappointed”可知诺曼感到非常失望。结合13空后的“a memoir called Spit on a Canvas: the Journey ofthe Parkinson’s Painter.”说明老师的评价是“现代艺术的问题在于你可以在画布上吐痰，然后称之为艺
术。”。故选B。
3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：诺曼感到很失望，但多年来他从未放弃艺术。A. still仍然；B. occasionally
偶尔；C. never绝不；D. frequently频繁地。根据后文“Although life was sometimes hard for him, it didn’t
ruin his ____6____ for creative expression.”可知尽管生活有时对他来说很艰难，但这并没有破坏他对创造
性表达的渴望。说明这些年来，他从未放弃艺术。故选C。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结婚后，诺曼不遗余力地全心全意地养活他的妻子和三个孩子。A.
retirement退休；B. exhibition展览；C. graduation毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据下句“Norman spared no
efforts to ____5____ his wife and three children with devotion.”可知结婚后，诺曼把他的梦想放在一边，不
遗余力地全心全意地养他的妻子和三个孩子。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结婚后，诺曼不遗余力地全心全意地供养他的妻子和三个孩子。A. support
支撑，供养；B. remove移除；C. judge判断；D. replace 取代。根据空后 “his wife and three children with
devotion”可知诺曼把他的梦想放在一边不遗余力地全心全意地供养他的妻子和三个孩子。故选A。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然生活有时对他来说很艰难，但这并没有破坏他对创造性表达的渴望。A.
calling打电话；B. praying祈祷；C. longing渴望；D. waiting等待。根据前文“Although life was sometimes
hard for him, it didn’t ruin”可推断这些年来，他从未放弃艺术，说明这并没有破坏他对创造性表达的渴望。
故选C。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在被诊断出患有帕金森病后，这位 65岁的社会工作者决定把他的“黑
暗”诊断变成一个实现终身梦想的积极的机会。A. unbelievable 难以置信的；B. dark 黑暗的；C.
embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. unsolved未解决的。根据上句“After being diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease,
the 65-year-old social worker decided to turn…”可知在被诊断患有帕金森氏病后，这位65岁的社会工作者决
定将他的黑暗诊断转化为实现一生梦想的积极的机会。故选B。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在被诊断出患有帕金森病后，这位 65岁的社会工作者决定把他的“黑暗”
诊断变成一个实现终身梦想的积极的机会。A. release释放；B. refresh使恢复精神；C. realize意识到，实现；
D. restore恢复，复原。根据下文“lifelong dream”可知，用realize dream（实现梦想）表示这位65岁的社
会工作者决定将他的黑暗诊断转化为实现一生梦想的积极的机会。故选C。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在儿子的帮助下，诺曼能够启动一个涉及全家的“项目”，以使他自己的作
品以及他对抗帕金森病的艰辛体验被周围所有人发现。A. project项目；B. request要求；C. competition比
赛；D. reform改革。根据空后“involving the whole family”可知在儿子的帮助下，诺曼开始了一个涉及整
个家庭的项目。故选A。10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在儿子的帮助下，诺曼能够启动一个涉及全家的“项目”，以使他自己的
作品以及他对抗帕金森病的艰辛体验被周围所有人发现。A. spotted 发现；B. recommended 推荐；C.
developed发展；D. regarded认为。make sth. done表示“使某事被做”，这里指的是使他自己的作品以及
他对抗帕金森病的“压力”体验被周围所有人发现。故选A。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在儿子的帮助下，诺曼能够启动一个涉及全家的“项目”，以使他自己
的作品以及他对抗帕金森病的艰辛体验被周围所有人发现。A. thorough彻底的；B. tough困难的，艰辛的；
C. upset沮丧的；D. stressful有压力的。根据常识及下文“experience of fighting against Parkinson’s disease”
可知，与帕金森病做斗争的经历必然是有艰辛的。故选B。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2021，推出了一个在线画廊，以展示这些彩色油画，他还出版了一本回忆
录，名为《在画布上吐痰：帕金森画家的旅程》。A. drama戏剧；B. contest比赛；C. programme节目，项
目；D. gallery画廊。根据下句“with galleries exhibiting his works”可知画廊展出他的作品，说明2021年，
推出了一个在线画廊。故选D。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021，推出了一个在线画廊，以展示这些彩色油画，他还出版了一本回忆
录，名为《在画布上吐痰：帕金森画家的旅程》。A. published出版；B. copied复制；C. revised更正；D.
examined检查。根据空后“a memoir called Spit on a Canvas: the Journey of the Parkinson’s Painter.” 可知他还
出版了一本名为《在画布上吐痰：帕金森画家的旅程》的回忆录。故选A。
14. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：该团队还致力于发布诺曼的第一个数字NFT艺术收藏。A. ending with
以……结束；B. working on 从事，致力于；C. relying on 依靠；D. paying for 支付。结合空格后宾语
“releasing Norman’s first digital NFT art collection”可知该团队还致力于发布诺曼的第一个数字NFT艺术收
藏。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：20%的销售额已捐赠给两个帕金森病研究基金会。A. salary工资；B.
rewards 奖励；C. sales 销售；D. allowance 津贴。根据空后“has been donated to two Parkinson’s research
foundations.”可知所有销售额的20%捐赠给了两个帕金森研究基金会。故选C。
2
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一次聚会上 Emma Jones的三岁儿子不小心掉到水里，
她的朋友们果断运用CPR急救知识救了她儿子的故事。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在去年7月的一次妈妈和孩子们的聚会上，Jones一会儿还在看着Eric和其
他孩子玩耍。A. encounter遭遇；B. union结合；C. gathering聚会；D. game游戏。根据“One moment Jones
was watching Eric play around with the other children”可知，事情发生在妈妈和孩子们的聚会上。故选C。
17. 考查名词动词词义辨析。句意：接着他就消失得无影无踪了。A. trace痕迹；B. symptom症状；C.footprint 足迹；D. signal 信号。根据“She turned to her friend Machel Rawlings and asked,“ Have you seen
Eric?””可知，Eric不见了，消失的无影无踪。故选A。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rawlings 站起来，扫视着池塘，突然尖叫起来。 A. found 发现；B.
examined 检查；C. fixed 修理；D. scanned 扫描、审视。根据“the pool and suddenly screamed.”可知，
Rawlings 为了寻找Eric，站起起来扫了一眼游泳池，然后突然尖叫起来。故选D。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Eric被发现时脸朝下漂浮在深水区。A. floating漂浮；B. lying躺；C.
sinking下沉；D. diving潜水。根据“face down in the deep end.”可知，Eric被发现时漂浮在深水区。故选
A。
20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来发生的事情是典型的教科书式的反应：Rawlings跳入泳池，抓住
男孩，把他翻过来，然后游到泳池尽头。A. initial 开始的；B. typical 典型的；C. creative 创造的；D.
effective有效的。根据“textbook response”和“As Rawlings dived in the pool, grasped the boy,____6____ him
over and swam him to the end.”可知，Rawlings拯救Eric一系列的动作是典型的教科书式的反应。故选B。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来发生的事情是典型的教科书式的反应：Rawlings跳入泳池，抓住男
孩，把他翻过来，然后游到泳池尽头。A. rolled翻滚；B. knocked敲；C. checked检查；D. ran跑。roll sb
over表示“把某人翻过来”。根据“As Rawlings dived in the pool, grasped the boy,”可知，Rawlings救助落
水小孩的一系列动作，跳下泳池，抓住孩子，把他翻转过来，并把他推到岸边。故选A。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在泳池边，Rawlings把Eric交给了他的母亲。他的皮肤发紫，没有呼吸。
A. point点；B. edge边缘；C. stage舞台；D. boundary边界。根据“and swam him to the end”可知，此处应
指泳池边缘。故选B。
23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Roth挂了电话，从Rawlings手中接管心肺复苏的工作，她以前是一名空
姐，积累了足够的经验。A. accessible可进入的；B. apparent明显的；C. sufficient足够的；D. significant重
要的。根据“Roth, a former flight attendant”可知，Roth之前是一名空姐，之前她已经积累了足够的经验。
故选C。
24. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Roth挂了电话，从Rawlings手中接管心肺复苏的工作，她以前是一名
空姐，积累了足够的经验。 A. took up从事；B. took in接受；C. took place发生；D. took over接管，接受，
接替，接任。根据“Roth, a former flight attendant who’d accumulated ____8____ experience before,”可知，
Roth接替Rawling继续接管做心肺复苏的工作。故选D。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：漫长的三分钟过去了，Roth对着Eric的嘴呼吸，并进行胸部按压，而
Rawlings和Jones则在监控他的情况。A. performing表现；执行；B. working工作；C. testing测试；D.
stretching伸展。根据“chest compressions(按压)”可知，Roth一边往Eric的口中吹气，一边执行挤压执行他的胸膛。故选A。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：漫长的三分钟过去了，Roth对着Eric的嘴呼吸，并进行胸部按压，而
Rawlings 和 Jones 则在监控他的情况。A. maintained 维持；B. monitored 监控；C. adapted 适应；D.
generated产生。根据“Three long minutes went by with Roth breathing into Eric’ s mouth and ____10____chest
compressions(按压)”可知，当Roth一边对Eric施救的时候，Rawlings and Jones则观察和监控Eric的身体状
况。故选B。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他的脸色恢复了，当救护车到达现场时，Rawlings看着Roth。A.
faded变淡；B. changed改变；C. returned返回；D. revealed显示。根据前文“His skin was blue and wasn’t
breathing.”可知，Eric的皮肤变青了。后来经过急救，颜色逐渐恢复了正常。故选C。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他的脸色恢复了，当救护车到达现场时，Rawlings看着Roth。A.
pool游泳池；B. scene现场；C. route路线；D. venue场所。根据“and as the ambulance was arriving”可知，
救护车到达现场。故选B。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些女人的果断行动救了Eric的命。A. courage勇气；B. kindness善良；C.
persistence坚持；D. decisiveness坚决；果断。根据“with which the women acted saved Eric’s life.”及上文可
知，三个妇女在救人的时候非常果断。故选D。
30. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她只是说：“他们做的每件事都是对的。” A. actually实际上；B. fairly相
当地；C. finally最终；D. simply仅仅、只是。根据“Emma Jones found any words seemed powerless.”可知，
不知道如何表达对两位朋友的感激之情。所以她直接说，她们做的分毫不差。故选D。
3
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家发现，一些微生物可以存活到120°C甚至更高的温
度。这一发现表明，海底沉积物中的生命可以在比之前认为的更高的温度下生存。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就会找到一条出路。A. life生
命；B. energy 能量；C. bacteria 细菌；D. voyage 航行。由上文的“wherever there’s energy that can be
exploited by microorganisms”和后文的“there is life at even higher temperatures”可知，句子表示“只要有微生
物可以利用的能量，生命就会找到一条出路”，故选A。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：唯一的办法就是回去再往深处钻。A. think思考；B. research研究；C.
practise练习；D. drill钻孔。由后文的“deeper”可知，此处表示往深处钻，故选D。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还能够使用一种特殊的设备分离和计数细胞。A. spread传播；B.
figure理解，弄懂；C. separate分开；D. reach到达。由后文的“and count cells using a special device”可知，
研究人员使用一种特殊的设备分离和计数细胞，故选C。34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让研究小组感到惊讶，因为这与在较冷的浅层沉积物中发现的情况相反。
A. opposite对立的人（或物）；B. evidence证据；C. coincidence巧合；D. resemblance相似之处。由上文的
“Together, the findings show that relatively few cells survive at these temperatures, but those that do have very
high metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates”和后文的“where it is much colder”可知，这与在较冷的浅层沉积物中发现
的情况相反，空格处意为“对立的人（或物）”，故选A。
35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那里有大量的微生物，但它们的新陈代谢极其缓慢，单个微生物可能会
存活数百万年。A. moderate温和的；B. existent现存的；C. swift快速的；D. plentiful大量的。由后文的
“individual microbes”可知，此处表示“那里有大量的微生物”，故选D。
36. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：特鲁德说，生存是一场赛跑。A. game游戏；B. approach方法；C. race赛跑；
D. solution解决办法。由上文“microbes may need high metabolisms to generate enough energy to repair this
damage”可知，微生物可能需要高代谢来产生足够的能量来修复这种损伤，因此这是一场赛跑，故选C。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前还不清楚这些喜热或嗜热的微生物是什么，因为研究团队无法识别它
们的DNA。A. explode爆炸；B. identify识别；C. locate定位；D. attack攻击。由上文的“It isn’t clear what
these heat-loving, or thermophilic, microbes are”可知，研究团队无法识别它们的DNA，所以目前还不清楚这
些喜热或嗜热的微生物是什么，故选B。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也不清楚它们是如何出现在沉积物中的，因为在这些样本所来自的沉积物
第一次沉积下来之后，很长一段时间里，环境都非常寒冷。A. formed形成；B. deposited沉积；C. tagged
给……贴标签；D. covered覆盖。由上文的“the sediments that the samples came from”和下一段的“the
sediments were deposited”可知，此处表示沉积物的沉积，故选B。
39. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究小组成员菲利克斯·贝尤利格说，当沉积物沉
积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，由于被埋在更多的物质下，它们可能以某种方式粘在上面，直到
温度开始上升。A. stuck on贴上；B. moved away移开；C. died off相继死亡；D. run out用完。由上文的
“a few thermophilic microbes would have been present”可知，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存
在了，以某种方式粘在上面，故选A。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究小组成员菲利克斯·贝尤利格说，当沉积物沉
积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，由于被埋在更多的物质下，它们可能以某种方式粘在上面，直到
温度开始上升。A. exposed暴露；B. removed去除；C. buried埋葬；D. washed洗。由后文的“under more
material”可知，此处表示“埋在更多的物质下”，故选C。
41. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：波茨坦德国地球科学研究中心的研究小组成员弗洛里安·舒伯特说，随着
温度的上升，所有不能耐受高温的微生物都会逐渐死亡。A. tolerant忍受的；B. afraid害怕的；C. tired累的；D. careful仔细的。由后文的“gradually have died off”可知，此处表示不能耐受高温的微生物都会逐渐死亡，
空格处意为“忍受的”，故选A。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：微生物不能适应，它们就会死亡。A. translate翻译；B. adapt适应；C.
escape逃跑；D. furnish为（房间或房屋）配备家具。由上文的“all the microbes that weren’t _____11_____
of heat would gradually have died off”可知，微生物不能适应，它们就会死亡，故选B。
43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴黎巴斯德研究所（Pasteur Institute）的帕特里克·福泰尔(Patrick
Forterre)表示，虽然有可靠的结果显示微生物在106°C下生长，但没有人能够完全复制两项声称微生物在
122°C下生长的实验室研究。A. various各种各样的；B. false错误的；C. reliable可靠的；D. different不同
的。由后文的“nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at 122°C”可知，句子
表示“虽然有可靠的结果显示微生物在106°C下生长，但没有人能够完全复制两项声称微生物在122°C下
生长的实验室研究”，故选C。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难确定温度上限。A. pass经过；B. break打破；C. outstep超过；D.
determine决定，确定。由上文的“nobody has been able to exactly copy the two lab studies claiming growth at
122°C”和下文的“the upper temperature limit”可知，句子表示“很难确定温度上限”，故选D。
45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，他对微生物在120°C下正常生存的想法持怀疑态度，但他认为它
们有可能在更低的温度下以某种方式存活并再次活跃起来。A. capable有能力的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C.
sick病的；D. ignorant无知的。由后文的“he does think it is possible that they could somehow survive and
became active again at lower temperatures.”可知，句子表示“他对微生物在120°C下正常生存的想法持怀疑
态度”，故选B。
4
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究：虽然基于正念的干预有它的优点，但心理学
研究也表明，在某些情况下，不动脑也很重要。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在任何一种正念练习中，目标都是在高度集中注意力的情况下进行日常
活动。A. lowered被降低的；B. heightened增强的；被加高的；C. typical典型的；D. vague模糊的。根据下
文“To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill.(要清楚的是，在学习一项新技能时，
注意是很重要的。)”和空格后的“sense of attention(注意力)”可知，高度集中的注意力是重要的，所以此处
用heightened表示“增强的、高度集中的”注意力，符合语境。故选B项。
47. 考查形容词`词义辨析。句意：虽然正念有其优点，但心理学研究也表明，在某些情况下，不动脑也很
重要。A. attentive专心的；B. single-minded率直的、真诚的；C. mindless不动脑的；盲目的；D. cool-
headed头脑冷静的。根据上文“Although mindfulness has its advantages(虽然正念有它的优势 )”可知，两个分句之间是转折关系，所以此处用 mindless与上文的mindfulness形成对比。故选C项。
48. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，当我们开发复杂任务的技能时，我们可以越来越熟练地完成
它们，直到注意力似乎是不必要的。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. unrecognizable难以辨认的、不被认可的；
C. unusual非同寻常的；D. unwelcome不受欢迎的。根据下文“Everyday examples range from riding a bike to
chopping cucumbers to brushing your teeth.(从骑自行车到切黄瓜再到刷牙，这些都是日常生活中的例子。)”
可知，这些日常生活中的例子可以熟练地完成，所以此处用 unnecessary表示注意力似乎是“不必要的”符
合语境，故选A项。
49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些过程在没有意识的情况下进行。A. preparation准备；B. decision决定；
C. awareness意识；D. reaction回应。根据下文“Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that
can be executed without paying attention to them.(形成这种“自动性”状态的是可以在不注意它们的情况下执
行的心理过程。)”可知，此处用awareness与前面的without conscious连用表示在“没有意识的”情况下进
行，符合语境。故选C项。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不能自动地完成所有的任务，但许多任务一旦练习得很好，就可以用
这种方式完成。A. assigned分配；B. shared分享；C. fulfilled实现、履行；D. practised练习。根据上文
“We don’t perform all tasks automatically(我们不会自动执行所有任务)”可知,不会自动执行任务，所以此处
用practised表示任务需要“被练习”符合语境，故选D项。
51. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但研究也表明，过度关注自己正在做的事情会产生破坏性影响，尤其是
当你熟练运用技能时。A. apparent明显的、表面的；B. moderate 普通的、中等的；C. positive积极的；D.
damaging破坏性的。根据上文“But research has also revealed that (但研究也表明)”可知，此处表转折关系，
所以用damaging表示“破坏性的”影响，有转折的含义，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这就是为什么一些专家似乎“在压力下窒息”的原因之一：他们
对手头任务的机制想得太多了。A. attack 袭击、攻击；B. development 发展；C. pressure 压力；D.
observation观察。根据下文“They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand.(但研究也揭示，他
们对手头任务的机制想得太多)”可知，他们是有压力的，所以此处用pressure来表示在“压力下”窒息的
原因，符合语境。故选C项。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个方案中，高尔夫球手被简单地指示注意挥杆，并在挥杆结束后说
“停止”。A. commanded命令；B. instructed指示、指导；C. recommended推荐；D. challenged挑战。根据
下文“pay attention to the swing of their club (注意球杆的摆动) ”可知，此处应该是指导球杆摆动，所以用
instructed表示“指示、指导”符合语境。故选B项。
54. 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：在另一种情况下，他们被指示在忽略其他噪音的情况下倾听目标声音，并在听到目标声音时说出“音调”。A. making制作；B. reducing降低；C. noticing注意；D. ignoring忽略。
根据上文“they were directed to listen for a target sound(他们被指示去听目标声音)”和下文“say the word
“tone” when they heard the target sound.”可知，此处用应该是指忽略噪音的情况下去听目标声音，所以用
ignoring表示“忽略”噪音，符合语境。故选D项。
55. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，熟练的高尔夫球手在专注于挥杆时的表现要比关注无关声
音时差得多。A. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. Instantly立刻；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Inevitably不可避
免地。根据下文“the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when
they paid attention to irrelevant sounds.(熟练的高尔夫球手在专注于挥杆时的表现要比关注无关声音时差得
多。)”可知，这是令人惊讶地，所以用Surprisingly表示“令人惊讶地”作状语修饰整个句子，符合语境。
故选A项。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：注意挥杆的效果是如此有害，以至于当他们在实验开始前热身时，高尔夫
球手实际上做得更好。A. assessment评估；B. process过程；C. investigation调查；D. experiment实验。根
据上文“when they were warming up(当他们在热身的时候)”可知，应该是在试验前热身，所以用experiment
表示“实验”符合语境，故选D项。
57. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：过分关注练习良好的运动序列的表现可能会导致错误，这是这项研究的重
要信息。A. performance表现、表演；B. consequence结果、后果；C. influence影响；D. automation自动化。
根据上文的“the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they
paid attention to irrelevant sounds.”可推断，此处用performance表示运动序列的“表现”符合语境，表示过
分关注运动序列的表现。故选A项。
58. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，我们不应该放任自己的生活，错过与自己、他人和我们的环境建立
更深层次联系的机会。A. In contrast与此相反；B. Of course当然；C. On the other hand另一方面；D. By the
way顺便说一下。根据下文“we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make
deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment.(我们不应该放任自己的生活，错过与自己、
他人和我们的环境建立更深层次联系的机会。)”并结合常识可知，此处用Of course表示“当然”符合语境。
故选B项。
59. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但有些情况下，我们应该让自动性接管。A. take over接管；B. follow on继
续下去；C. hold up举起、阻挡；D. get away离开。分析第13题可知，我们不应该放任自己的生活，不能
听天由命地过着自动驾驶的生活。再根据空格前“But there are situations(但是有些情况下)”可知，此处表转
折关系，但是有时候是需要自动性来接管我们生活的，所以用 take over表示让自动性“接管”符合语境。
故选A项。60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下次当你骑自行车或参加一项运动时，不要想太多。A. highlight突出、强
调；B. outperform胜过；C. overthink想太多；D. underestimate低估。根据14题以及上文内容可知，有些
情况下，我们应该让自动性接管，所以此处用overthink与前面的 don’t搭配表示“不要想太多”符合语境。
故选C项。
5
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抖音段视频“每天吃什么”的流行和它引发的问题。
61. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但另一个趋势——“每天吃什么”——正在主导抖音，其浏览量已接近90
亿次。A. views观点，观看；B. statements声明；C. analyses分析；D. identities身份。根据上文“TikTok”
和“But another trend”可知，本段讲的是抖音段视频上的新趋势，结合“nearing 9 billion”可推知，这里说
的是浏览量，观看量。故选A项。
62. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管“每天吃什么”发布的内容可能旨在为其他人提供健康的启发，但越
来越多的人认为，这些记录日常饮食的视频日记可能弊大于利，尤其是在年轻女孩或有饮食失调史的人当
中。A. emphasized强调；B. simplified简化；C. requested要求；D. intended打算，想要。根据“to serve as
healthy inspiration for others”和“will likely do more harm than good”可知，为其他人提供健康的启发是最初
的目的或打算，但事与愿违，结果与打算不一样。故选D项。
63. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些发布内容传递的潜在信息是，如果你像他们一样吃东西，那么你最
终会像他们一样。A. moral有道德的；B. scientific科学的；C. potential潜在的；D. instant立刻的。根据上
文可知，“每天吃什么”发布的是记录日常饮食的视频，结合句中“message these posts send is that if you
eat like them, then you can eventually look like them.”可知，这些视频会让人们认为“你像他们一样吃东西，
那么你最终会像他们一样”，这是这些发布内容传递的潜在信息。故选C项。
64. 考查形容词义辨析。句意：然而，别人一天吃什么并不意味着它就适合你，因为这些“筹划的”的视
频并不能完全准确地反映一个人通常吃什么。A. modern现代的；B. staged组织的，筹划的；C. educational
教育的；D. labelled贴上标签的。结合常识和句中“not a completely accurate representation of what someone
typically eats.”可知，抖音上发布视频是经过筹划的，并不能真实准确地反应真实情况。故选B项。
65. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，过于程式化的饮食并没有优先考虑营养充足的饮食。A. prioritize优
先考虑；B. commercialize使商业化；C. recognize认识；D. exchange交换。结合选项和“overly stylized (程
式化) meals”可推知，过于程式化的饮食不会首先考虑营养问题。故选A项。
66. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发布内容在宣扬理想的饮食和理想的身材。A. promoting推销，促进；
B. representing代表；C. spoiling损坏；D. perfecting完美，完善。根据句中“illusion (幻想) of an ideal day
of eating”和“ideal body size”可推知，“每天吃什么”发布的内容是在推销它关于饮食和身材的理想概念。故选A项。
67. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更年轻的观众，尤其是女孩和年轻女性，内化了这样的信息：她们必须像
这些创作者一样吃，以实现和保持健康，以及社会吸引力。A. welfare 幸福；B. equality 平等；C.
desirability吸引力，欲求；D. justice公平。根据上文“The posts are 6 the illusion (幻想) of an ideal
day of eating, along with an ideal body size.”可知，“每天吃什么”发布的内容是在推销它关于饮食和身材的
理想概念，所以年青女孩会认为这样做不仅可以保持健康，还可以保持好身材，提升社会吸引力。故选 C
项。
68. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种趋势最大的危害是它使紊乱的或限制性的饮食行为正常化。A.
individual 单独的；B. instinctive 本能的；C. restrictive 限制(性)的；D. changeable 可改变的。根据
“normalizes”可知，下文所说饮食行为是非正常的，与“disordered”是同一类别，结合选项，应选择使用
“restrictive”作定语，表示将限制性的饮食行为正常化。故选C项。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可以防碍患有饮食失调症的人寻求支持或治疗。A. attracting吸引；B.
seeking寻找；C. losing失去；D. offering提供。根据“someone struggling with an eating disorder”和“support
or treatment”可知，患有饮食失调症的人会寻求支持或治疗。故选B项。
70. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的发布内容展示的是均衡的饮食，但“像我一样吃，
你就会像我一样”的潜台词是有害的，因为人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，即使他们完全按照其
展示内容吃一天的食物。A. fixed固定的；B. balanced平衡的；C. relaxing令人轻松的；D. demanding苛刻
的。根据上文“Even though #whatieatinaday posts may be 2 to serve as healthy inspiration for others”
可知，“每天吃什么”的发布内容能为人们提供健康的启发，所以它展示的是均衡的饮食。故选B项。
71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的发布内容展示的是均衡的饮食，但“像我一样吃，
你就会像我一样”的潜台词是有害的，因为人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，即使他们完全按照其
展示内容吃一天的食物。A. reader读者；B. advertiser广告商；C. browser浏览器；D. poster海报，发帖人。
根据下文“even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite”可知，这里说的拥有好身材的“每天吃什么”
上的视频发布人。故选D项。
72. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，对一个人来说，健康、充足的一日三餐对另一个人来说可能是不充
分和不满足的。A. Therefore因此；B. Finally终于；C. Additionally另外；D. Meanwhile与此同时。上文讲
即使完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物，人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，下文“what might be a
healthy, adequate day of satisfying meals for one person may be inadequate and unsatisfying to another.”讲到食物
因人而异，适合别人的不一定适合你，上下文都是讲模仿“每天吃什么”的发布内容的不妥之处，是并列
关系，用副词additionally。故选C项。73. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，看到这些发布内容的人可能会得出这样的结论：他们需要吃
一半的量才能减肥。A. lose weight减肥；B. share interests利益共享；C. assume burden承担负担；D. make
contributions做出贡献。根据句中“eating half”可推知，少吃是为了减肥。故选A项。
74. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：身体完全缺乏多样性。A. language语言；B. diversity多样性；C. warmth温
暖；D. response反应。根据上文“People making these videos are overwhelmingly thin, young, able-bodied and
white.”可知，制作视频的人都一个标准，身体缺乏多样性。故选B项。
75. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这助长了对不切实际的身体标准进行有害的比较，这对绝大多数人来说
是无法达到的。A. available可用的；B. predictable可预测的；C. inadequate不充分的；D. unachievable不可
实现的。根据“unrealistic body standards”可推知，这样的身体标准是不切实际的，对大多数人来说是不可
实现的。故选D项。
6
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简
单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。
76. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得
了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. deleting删除；B.
disturbing打扰；C. refreshing使恢复精神；D. understanding理解。由上文的“Science may never know the
secrets to memories of the California sea hare”可知，句子表示“一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形
成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展”，故选D。
77. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得
了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. transfer转移；B. adjust
调整；C. compare比较；D. relate使有联系。由“one sea snail’s memory to another”可知，是将一只海螺的
记忆转移到另一只海螺身上，故选A。
78. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据加州大学洛杉矶分校的生物学家大卫·格兰兹曼的说法，在蜗牛中启动
防御反应的那种记忆不是编码在脑细胞之间的连接中，而是编码在RNA分子中。A. connections连接；B.
conflicts 矛盾；C. secrets 秘密；D. distances 距离。由“between brain cells”和第 9 空后的“parts of the
memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，此处是指脑细胞之间的连接，
故选A。
79. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行
一系列电击。A. promote促进；B. test测试；C. eliminate 消除；D. impose实施。由后文的“Glanzman
implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks”可知，为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击，故选B。
80. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程使这些动物非常敏感，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身
体的某些部位。A. sensitive敏感的；B. adaptable能适应的；C. strong强大的；D. relaxed放松的。由后文的
“when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈
地收缩身体的某些部位，说明它们很敏感，故选A。
81. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼将这种反应比作地震后的紧张：对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨
大噪音的无意识反应。A. necessary需要的；B. peaceful和平的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. impossible不
可能的。由上文的“the memory of the event causes”和下文的“response to any loud noise”可知，对事件的记
忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应，故选C。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对海螺进行敏感处理后，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新
的海螺中，看看会发生什么。A. plunged猛推；B. invested投资；C. translated翻译；D. injected注射。由上
文的“Glanzman took RNA out from them”和下文的“it into new sea snails to see what would happen”可知，
Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，故选D。
83. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他发现新的海螺同样敏感，这表明电击的“记忆”被移植了。A.
crazily疯狂地；B. dangerously危险地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. equally平等地。由下文的“the “memory” of
the electrical shocks had been transplanted”和上文的“The procedure made the animals so__5__ that when they
were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，他发现新的海螺同样敏感，故选D。
84. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼和他的研究团队表示，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存
在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中。A. optional可选择的；B. essential必要的；C. memorial纪念的；D.
virtual虚拟的。由后文的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain
cells”可知，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中，故选B。
85. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可。A. association协会；B. recognition认
可；C. innovation创新；D. publication出版。由后文的“Further work needs to be carried out”可知，这项工
作尚未得到广泛认可，故选B。
86. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行进一步的研究，以确定这些现象是否明显，以及这些现象的基础
是什么。A. depth 深度；B. application 应用；C. basis 基础；D. description 描述。由后文的“of such
phenomena”可知，此处表示“这些现象的基础是什么”，故选C。
87. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然海蜗牛是一个神奇的模型，但我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记
忆过程进行比较，因为人类的记忆过程要复杂得多。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B. careful仔细的；C.
ambitious 雄心勃勃的；D. speedy 快速的。由后文的“drawing comparisons to human memory processes,which are much more complex”可知，我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，故选B。
88. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：都柏林三一学院的托马斯·瑞恩对此表示怀疑。A. supported被支持的；B.
persuaded被说服的；C. unappreciated未被欣赏的；D. unconvinced怀疑的。由下文的“I have doubt about
it”可知，此处表示他对此是怀疑的，故选D。
89. 考查副词词义和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，瑞安补充说，这种关于记忆的创造性思维是非常需要的。
A. Nevertheless然而；B. Eventually最后；C. For example例如；D. As a result结果。由下文的“Ryan added
that such creative thinking about memory was in great need”和上文的“I have doubt about it”可知，前后是转折
关系，空格处是“然而”，故选A。
90. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域，我们需要尽可能多的新想法。A.
expression表情；B. likelihood可能性；C. suspicion怀疑；D. disturbance干扰。由上文的“a field full of
acceptance”可知，此处表示“一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域”，故选C。
7
【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了令读者印象深刻的文学形象——福尔摩斯。
91. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的冒险、经历、才华和个性都让人难以忘怀。A. imaginable可想象的；
B. intelligible明白易懂的；C. powerful强大的；D. unforgettable难以忘怀的。根据第一段“Some literary
characters capture the imagination of readers.”可知，一些文学人物让人印象深刻。故选D项。
92. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键的是，他注意到细节，将它们组合起来并得出结论的能力令所有人惊
叹。A. criminals罪犯；B. processes过程；C. details细节；D. expressions表达。根据“He was brilliant.”以
及空后的“assemble them and draw conclusions amazed everyone.”可知，福尔摩斯善于寻找细节并依据细节
得出结论。故选C项。
93. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：福尔摩斯告诉华生他是一名咨询侦探。A. consulting 咨询；商量；B.
investing 投资；C. conducting 实施；D. enquiring 询问。根据后文“These people are clients, including
___4___ from Scotland Yard, who seek his help to solve difficult cases.”可知，这些顾客都是来找福尔摩斯寻求
帮助解决棘手的案件的。故选A项。
94. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人都是他的客户，其中包括来自伦敦警察厅的侦探，他们寻求他的帮
助来解决棘手的案件。A. natives本地人；B. detectives侦探；C. officials 官员；D. rivals对手。根据后文
“who seek his help to solve difficult cases.”可知来找福尔摩斯寻求帮助的是一些试图解决棘手案件的侦探。
故选B项。
95. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二部分给出了为什么凶手杀害受害者的背景故事。A. colleges同事；B.
partners伙伴；C. relatives亲戚；D. victims受害者。根据前文 “Watson narrates this first case which involvesthe murders of two men.”以及“It was a revenge killing for their part in the death of the murderer’s fiancee.”可知
此处指为什么凶手杀害受害者。故选D项。
96. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：红发联盟是许多人最喜欢的和福尔摩斯有关的故事之一。A. including包含；
B. representing代表；C. involving涉及；D. praising表扬。根据后文“In this story, red-headed businessman
Jabez Wilson wants Holmes’ help.”可知，故事涉及到了福尔摩斯。故选C项。
97. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个星期前，威尔逊的年轻助手文森特·斯波尔丁敦促他回复报纸上的一则
广告。A. urged力劝；B. helped帮助；C. warned警告；D. forced强迫。根据“The two men had ___14___
the Red-headed League to keep Wilson away while they dug the ___15___ to the bank vault.”可知，红发联盟的
高薪工作的广告是斯伯丁和同伙发明的，目的就是为了引开威尔逊的注意，所以才极力说服威尔逊去应聘。
故选A项。
98. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：广告给一个红头发的人提供了高薪工作。威尔逊得到了这份工作，每周有
4 英镑的报酬，下午有短暂的工作时间。”A. dearly 深深地；B. fully 完全地；C. highly 高度地；D.
earnestly认真地。根据“4 pounds a week for short periods of afternoon work.”可知，只在下午工作极短的时
间就可以每周得到四英镑，所以薪水很高。故选C项。
99. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，突然在没有任何通知的情况下工作停止了。 A. Therefore因此；B.
Furthermore 而且；C. Meanwhile 同时；D. Then 然后。根据后文“Wilson wants Holmes’s assistance to
discover what happened.”可知，威尔逊找到福尔摩斯的助手让他查明工作突然停止的原因，此处在叙述故事
的发展过程。故选D项。
100. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：福尔摩斯要求他描述一下斯波尔丁的样子，然后到威尔逊的店里去见他。
A. turns to转到；B. asks for要求；C. takes down写下；D. works out算出。根据“He notices that the knees of
Spaulding’s trousers are ___11___ .”可知，福尔摩斯去见了斯波尔丁，所以事先让威尔逊描述他的样子。故
选B项。
101. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他注意到斯波尔丁的裤子的膝盖部分很脏。A. dirty脏的；B. ordinary普
通的；C. special特殊的；D. wet湿的。根据后文“Soon two men, one of whom is Spaulding, ___13___ from a
tunnel cut into the vault’s floor and are captured. The two men had ___14___ the Red-headed League to keep
Wilson away while they dug the ___15___ to the bank vault.”可知，斯波尔丁参与挖金库地下通道的工作，所
以裤子的膝盖部位是脏的。故选A项。
102. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：接着，福尔摩斯敲着威尔逊铺子前的人行道。A. on top of在……顶上；B.
at the back of在……后面；C. in front of在……前面；D. in the middle of在……中间。根据“Next he calls a
police inspector and the director of the bank that is behind Wilson’s shop.”可知，银行就在威尔逊商店的后面，所以人行道应该在威尔逊店铺的前面，故选C项。
103. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，两名男子，其中一个是斯波尓丁，从一条通往金库地板的隧道中出
来，并被抓获。A. escape逃跑；B. emerge出现；C. run跑；D. keep保持。根据后文“and are captured.”可
知，斯波尔丁和他的同伙一出现就被捕获。故选B项。
104. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两个人创立了红发联盟，目的是在挖通往银行的隧道时不让威尔逊靠近。
A. invented发明；B. organized组织；C. supervised监督；D. commanded命令。根据“to keep Wilson away
while they dug the ___15___ to the bank vault.”可知，斯波尔丁和他的同伙为了不让威尔逊发现他们的罪行，
所以就发明了红发联盟的招聘广告，并力劝威尔逊去应聘。所以选A 项。
105. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两个人创立了红发联盟，目的是在挖通往银行的隧道时不让威尔逊靠近。
A.yard 院子；B. wall 墙；C. hole 洞；D. tunnel。根据上文“Soon two men, one of whom is Spaulding,
___13___ from a tunnel cut into the vault’s floor and are captured.”可知，斯波尔丁和他的同伙在挖通往银行的
通道。故选D项。
8
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在发展人工智能中可能会出现的各种偏见。
106. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的成熟，人们越来越远离对系统的独特编程和监控，未知
的偏见可能会让决策持续很长时间，对个人和社会造成意想不到的伤害。A. theoretical理论上的；B.
psychological心理的；C. disproportionate不成比例的；D. unintended非计划的。根据前文“ unidentified
bias might make decisions continue for a long time”可推断未知的偏见可能引起意想不到的伤害。故选D项。
107. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种偏见可能来自输入数据，甚至是算法本身。A. arise from产生于；B.
contribute to贡献；C. take over接管；D. make up和解。根据前文“ unidentified bias might make decisions
continue for a long time”以及后文“input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.”可知，上文提到未知
的偏见，本句应该是讨论偏见可能产生的原因。故选A项。
108. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，数据集是不完整的，数据集中所代表的样本与人工智能模型
所预测的人群不匹配——这被称为覆盖偏见。A. inspire激励；B. match相配；C. protect保护；D. restrict妨
碍。根据后文“this is known as coverage bias”可知是有偏差的，可推断数据是不匹配的才产生偏差。故选
B项。
109. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与输入数据相关的其他一些类型的偏见包括抽样偏见，其中数据不是随机
从目标群体收集的，以及参与偏见，其中某些群体的用户退出调查的比例不同于其他群体的用户。A. quit
退出；B. administer管理；C. compare比较；D. analyze分析。根据后文“at different rates than users from
other groups”可知和其他组的比率不同，可推知有人退出了调查，导致比率不同。故选A项。110. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，另一个更具挑战性的偏见是确认偏见，它发生在决策者或分析师
有一个强大的原始信念或经验，影响他们考虑替代方案的能力。A. distinct不同的；B. predictable可预测的；
C. original原来的；D. widespread普遍的。根据后文“This could lead one to more strongly 6 data that
confirms a preexisting belief.”可知这可能会导致一个已经存在的信念，可推知本句应该是有强大的原始信念。
故选C项。
111. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能会导致一个人更倾向于确认一个已经存在的信念的数据。A. restore
修复；B. imply 意味着；C. miss 错过；D. favor 喜爱。根据前文“Still, another more challenging bias to
identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong 5 belief or
experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives.” 可知决策者或分析师一个强大的原始信念，会使
他们倾向于最喜爱的数据。故选D项。
112. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人工智能算法本身产生的偏见，或算法偏见，同样危险。A.
embarrassing 令人尴尬的；B. dangerous 危险的；C. relevant 相关的；D. ridiculous 荒唐的。根据前文
“unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause 1 harm for
individuals and society”可知，偏见会引起伤害，这是危险的。故选B项。
113. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：算法偏见的一个例子是内隐偏见或无意识偏见，数据科学家根据影响数据
建模决策的心理模型和记忆无意识地做出关联或假设。A. intentionally有意地；B. temporarily暂时；C.
automatically无意识地；D. appropriately适当地。根据前文“One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias
or unconscious bias”可知后文是在解释unconscious bias，所以应该是科学家无意识地关联和假设。故选C项。
114. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：内隐偏见会影响数据收集和分类的方式，也会影响系统的设计和开发。A.
influence 影响；B. help 帮助；C. attract 吸引；D. predict 预测。根据后文“As machines learn, their
conclusions and decisions affect people.”可知算法本身的偏见是会产生影响的。故选A项。
115. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有道德的人工智能必须了解这些影响，并创建治理和测试方法，以解决错
误和不准确性。A. admit承认；B. define定义；C. address设法解决；D. publicize宣传。根据前文“Ethical
AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods”可根据句意推知，应是找到方法解
决错误。故选C项。
116. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了创造合乎道德的人工智能，公司需要把个人的需求放在数据创新的中
心。A. belongings财物；B. expressions表情；C. characteristics特征；D. needs需要。根据后文“This means
thinking about 12 rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including
how we use AI.”可知需要考虑到我们怎么使用AI，所以应该把个人需要放在数据创新的中心。故选D项。
117. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要将数字权利视为人权，并开发一种全面的数据方法，包括我们如何使用人工智能。A. civil公民的；B. digital数字的；C. legal合法的；D. natural自然的。根据前文
“To create ethical AI”可知，此处讲的是AI，所以应该是将数字权利视为人权。故选B项。
118. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为AI提供负责任的数据实践意味着拥有良好的AI治理。A. frequent频
繁的；B. responsible 负责的；C. peculiar 特有的；D. graceful 优雅的。根据后文“Good AI governance
includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency”可知良好的人工智能治理包括数据责任，
所以应该是负责任的数据。故选B项。
119. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种治理不仅关注数据和分析，还了解任何给定分析的影响，并确保其
公平和准确。A. fair公平的；B. quick快的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. adequate充足的。根据后文“Good
AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency”可知良好的人工智能治理包
括对透明度的承诺，所以应该是公平的。故选A项。
120. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在偏见成为破坏性力量之前，通过团结起来，现在就着手解决这个问题，
企业可以帮助发掘出人工智能为世界提供的最好的东西。A. leading主要的；B. innovative革新的；C.
cultural文化的；D. destructive破坏(或毁灭)性的。根据前文“unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions
continue for a long time that cause 1 harm for individuals and society”可知偏见对人和社会都有
害，所以是成为破坏性的力量。故选D项。
9
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了图书馆是一个浪漫的地方，在图书馆获得知识和文学艺
术是非常宝贵的。同时，一些地区的图书馆面临着读者减少的困难，但作者认为图书馆将有一个美好的未
来。
121. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这项服务想要在进一步的削减中存活下来，它需要用户。A. accept接
受；B. forbid禁止；C. survive幸存、存活；D. gain获得。根据下文“it needs users(它需要用户)”可知，此
处指要想存活下来需要用户，所以用survive表示“幸存、存活”符合语境。故选C项。
122. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：浪漫在于阅读，以及其中蕴含的丰富的人类想象和知识。A. contained包
含；B. excluded排除；C. assumed假定；D. passed经过。根据空格前的learning可知，此处指知识被包含
其中的，所以用be contained表示“被包含”符合语境。故选A项。
123. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：图书馆朴实的一面更注重实体。A. realistic现实可行的；B. physical有
形的、实体的、身体的；C. significant意义重大的；D. theoretical理论的。根据下文“This is the world of
buildings, shelving, books, library cards, computers”可知，图书馆更注重实体。故选B项。
124. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个有建筑、书架、书籍、借书证、电脑的世界——还有人，他们的
身体既能占据空间，也能拥有可以打开的思想。A. occupy占据；B. provide提供；C. leave离开；D. limit限制。根据空格后的space可知，此处用occupy表示身体能“占据”空间，符合语境。故选A项。
125. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：很难找到一个积极反对图书馆、质疑图书馆所主张的自我完善原则的人。
A. boast of 吹牛；B. disapprove of不赞成；C. set up建立；D. clear up清理。根据“and question”可知，此
处用disapprove of与question呼应，表示“不赞成、反对”。故选B项。
126. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当涉及到实体时，英国的图书馆就没有那么坚实的基础了。
A.capabilities能力、功能；B.readability可读性；C.practicalities实用性、实践性；D.originality独创性。根
据下文“with around 800 libraries across England disappearing.”可知，此处指图书馆的实体。故选C项。
127. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，这个部门被大幅削减，全英国大约有800家图书馆消失
了。 A. specially专门地、特殊地；B. carefully仔细地；C. massively大量地、大幅度地；D. completely完
全地。根据下文“with around 800 libraries across England disappearing.(全英国约有800家图书馆正在消
失。)”可知，此处用massively表示被“大量地”削减，符合语境。故选C项。
128. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：新冠肺炎疫情的首次封锁引发了人们对阅读的兴趣的新增加，因为人们认
为被迫待在家里的人会花更多的时间在书本上，既了解更多的病毒，也逃离它。A. lack缺乏；B. variety多
样性；C. conflict冲突；D. increase增加。根据下文“as the idea took hold that people forced to stay at home
would spend more time with their noses in books(人们认为，被迫呆在家里的人会花更多的时间在书本上 )”可
知，人们以为被迫呆在家会促使人们多阅读。故选D项。
129. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，关于图书馆的最新数据让那些把图书馆视为实体场所的人感到担
忧。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. worrying令人担忧的；C. dramatic急剧的；D. predictable可预测的。根据
下文“The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March 2021 was 72.9m, down 56% on the previous
year.(在截至2021年3月的一年中，图书借阅数量为7290万册，比上年下降56%)”可知，这些数据是令人
担忧的。故选B项。
130. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在截至 2021年3月的一年中，图书借阅数量为7290万册，比上年下降
56%。与网站访问量增长18%至1.547亿相比，实体图书馆的访问量也大幅下降，从2.146亿人次降至5970
万人次。A. collapsed暴跌、崩溃；B. doubled加倍；C. coincided巧合、同时发生；D. restarted重启。根据
下文“compared with the fact that website visits grew by 18% to 154.7m.(相比之下，网站访问量增长了18%，
达到1.547亿。)”可知，与网站访问量增长形成对比的是实体图书馆访问量的大幅下降。故选A项。
131. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多图书馆在这一时期关闭了，人们不被鼓励不必要的交往。A.
concealed 隐藏；B. distracted 分心；C. discouraged 劝阻，阻碍；D. protected 保护。根据上文“Many
libraries were closed during this period(许多图书馆在此期间关闭)”可知，图书馆关闭就意味着不鼓励非必要
的交往。故选C项。132. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国内的私人图书馆，无论是大量的藏书还是单独的、凌乱的书架，似乎
都在蓬勃发展，越来越多的私人图书馆如雨后春笋般涌现。 A. fading褪色的、衰退的；B. charming迷人
的；C. thrilling令人激动的；D. booming繁荣的、迅速发展的。根据下文“with more ones springing up.(如
雨后春笋般涌现)”可知，此处用booming表示“迅速发展”符合语境。故选D项。
133. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然书商在某种意义上可能被视为竞争对手，但事实上，从出版商到诗人，
绝大多数从事这一行业的人都是图书馆爱好者——从他们创作的书籍中就可以看出这一点。A. in contrast
与此相反；B. in fact 事实上；C. in addition 另外；D. in all 总共。根据下文“the vast majority of those
involved in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers(从出版商到诗人，从事这一行业的绝大多数人
都是图书馆爱好者 )”可知，此处是陈述的事实，所以用in fact表示“事实上”符合语境。故选B项。
134. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这与读者是探险家的浪漫观念有关，每一本书都是一扇通向新的感觉或理
解的门。A. creator创作者；B. communicator交流者；C. explorer探险家、勘探者；D. producer生产者。根
据下文“with every book a door to a new store of feeling or understanding.(每一本书都是通向新感觉或新理解
的大门)”可知，通向新感觉或新理解与探险有关，此处用explorer表示“探险家”的浪漫观念有关。故选C
项。
135. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这也表明，人们认识到，如果要让书籍成为我们共同生活的一部分，
就必须在公共场所为它们留出空间。A. personal个人的；B. independent独立的；C. balanced平衡的；D.
mutual相互的、共同的。根据“there must be space in public for them. ”可知，图书馆是共同生活的一部分。
故选D项。
10
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地的农民在更有效地种植粮食方面面临严峻挑战，
气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器
人技术和计算机视觉来更有效地清理害虫。
136. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计算机视觉
来更有效地瞄准害虫。A. effectively 有效地；B. temporarily 暂时地；C. desperately 绝望地；D.
enthusiastically热情地。根据前文的“Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi,
and bacteria. （气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。）”和第一句中的“effectively
（有效地）”可知，农场想要更加有效地应对害虫带来的威胁。故选A项。
137. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019 年，联合国报告了每年造成全球产量 20% 至 40% 的作物损失的害
虫负担。A. mystery神秘；B. burden负担；C. control控制；D. challenge挑战。根据后文的“causing crop
losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year...costs the world economy an estimated $220billion annually（每年造成全球产量的 20%至40% 的作物损失，每年给世界经济造成的损失估计为2200
亿美元）”可知，害虫为农业生产带来了巨大的负担。故选B项。
138. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：智能农业是解决这一问题的一种方法，它使用人工智能和机器人技术来杀
死虫子并减少对杀虫剂的依赖，同时解决技术工人短缺和适应气候变化的问题。A. conducting实施；B.
strengthening 增强；C. employing 雇佣；D. addressing 解决。根据前文的“combat the problem（解决问
题）”可知，while后面表达的也是解决问题之意。故选D项。
139. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：技术包括了土壤和作物传感器、卫星和无人机监测，以及计算机视觉和人
工智能数据分析，以减少受影响植物的数量并提高作物产量。 A. fields田地；B. diseases疾病；C. yields
收益，产量；D. sensors感受器。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫导致作物产量降低，采取新技术手段是为了
增加作物的产量。故选C项。
140. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国的 Spotta 等昆虫监测服务公司提供有针对性的入侵物种实时数据。
A. targeted有针对性的；B. enlarged扩大的；C. analysed分析的； D. downloaded下载的。根据下文的
“this targeted approach means less pesticide is used（这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药）”可知，
新方法能够有针对性地提供入侵物种的实时数据。故选A项。
141. 考查动词词义辨析。句意： 而这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药，减少对其他物种的影响。
A. increasing增加；B. having拥有；C. reducing减少；D. measuring测量。根据前文的“less pesticide is
used（使用更少的农药）”可知，其他物种受到的影响会减少。故选C项。
142. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：类似地，加利福尼亚农业技术初创公司 FarmSense 使用经过训练的视觉
传感器和机器学习算法来实时发现和跟踪昆虫。 A. Generally大体上；B. Similarly类似地；C. Hopefully充
满希望地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据第5题的分析和后文的“find and track insects in real-time（实时查
找和跟踪昆虫）”可知，两家公司都是采用新技术来应对害虫带来的威胁。故选B项。
143. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过预测，到 2050年全球非本地入侵昆虫物种将增加36%，这些技术可
以为农民提供生态友好型害虫防治和粮食种植方面的巨大优势。A. forecast预测；B. growth生长；C.
cultivation培养；D. migration移民。根据后文的“increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050（到2050年全球增
长 36%）”可知，这是对非本地入侵昆虫物种的一种预测。故选A项。
144. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与人工智能相关的精确点喷是另一个有价值的附加功能，旨在最大限度地
减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用。 A. make制作；B. direct指导；C. instruct命令；D. minimize减少。根据后文
的“vastly reduce... use（大大减少……的使用）”可知，此处应该填入reduce的同义词。故选D项。
145. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是使用摄像头和定向喷雾瞄准杂草或昆虫可以大大减少化学品的使用。
A. valuable有价值的；B. physical身体的；C. chemical化学的；D. scientific科学的。根据前文的“reducepesticide and herbicide use（减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用）”可知，杀虫剂和除草剂都是化学药品。故选C
项。
146. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在捷克共和国，布尔诺孟德尔大学的科学家们建造了一个样本机器人，它
可以在温室中巡逻，并可以识别昆虫生长的不同阶段。A. stages阶段；B. types种类；C. species物种；
D. options选择。根据后文的“insect growth（昆虫生长）”可知，这是一个过程，它自然分为不同的阶段。
故选A项。
147. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，它使用足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫，每天 24 小时工作以控制昆虫
的乘长。 A. submits提交；B. applies申请，使用，应用；C. reduces减少；D. produces生产。根据后文的
“enough insecticide to kill individual pests（足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫）”可知，机器人使用杀虫剂杀死
害虫。故选B项。
148. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：以 80 英亩为例，其无农药室内农场的每一步都有 AI 监控。A.
constructed 建设；B. demonstrated 示范；C. monitored 监测；D. managed 设法做成。根据前文的
“Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the
future of farming. （Root AI 和 80 Acres Farms 等公司将室内种植和人工智能控制系统视为农业的未
来。）”可知，这些公司使用人工智能技术来监控农业生产。故选C项。
149. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：机器人做了很多工作，计算机视觉让它们知道农作物是否需要更多的营养，
或者害虫是否正在造成损害。 A. threat威胁； B. treatment对待；C. evolution演化；D. damage损害。根
据第2题的分析可知，害虫带来的是损害。故选D项。
150. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技将发挥作用，帮助农民全面提高作物管理水平。A. association联系；
B. cultivation 培养；C. measurement 测量；D. management 经营，管理。根据前文的“reimagining how
farming operates（重新构想农业的运作方式）”可知，这是与农场的经营管理有关的。故选D项。
