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专题 07 定语从句
目录
一、考情解读............................................................................................................................................1
二、命题分析预测....................................................................................................................................1
三、考点必备知识通关............................................................................................................................1
四、重难点突破......................................................................................................................................10
五、考法解题能力提升..........................................................................................................................12
六、精选考点题型专练..........................................................................................................................13
一、考情解读
1.了解定语从句的基本用法;区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;熟知关系代词和关系
副词的用法并能正确判断使用哪种关系词。
2.掌握"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句及as和which引导的定语从句的区别。
二、命题分析预测
1.定语从句仍会是高考考查的重点之一,是高考常考点,一般语法填空会设置0—1道题。
2.高考对该考点的考查集中在关系代词(that,which,who等)及关系副词(when,where等)的选用
上。
三、考点必备知识通关
考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句
知识1 关系代词的用法
引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as。其用法如下:
关系代词 先行词 关系代词在从句中充当的成
分that(只引导限制性定语从句) 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
►The coat that/which I put on the desk is blue.
先行词是物 关系词在从句中作宾语,可用that/which,也可省略
►The old man whom/that/who my grandpa is playing chess with is
先行词是人 关系词在从句中作宾语,可用whom/that/who,也可省略
an old friend of his.
►People that/who take physical exercise live longer.
先行词是人 关系词在从句中作主语,可用that/who,不可省略
►The man chose to live in a room whose window faces the sea.
先行词是物 关系词在从句中作定语,用whose,不可
巧学妙记 关系代词的记忆口诀:
前看先行人或物,后看从句缺宾主。
物作先行that/which,人作先行that/who(m)。
whose 通常作定语,人、物两者都兼顾。
During those dark moments, the space station maintains its power supply by using juice is
saved in its batteries.
【解析】 句意:在那些黑暗的时刻,空间站通过用电池中保存的电来维持供电。先行词
juice在此处意为"电",是物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故空处应填关系代词which/that。
知识2 易混关系代词that与which辨析
1.限制性定语从句中,关系代词一般用that而不用which的情况[(1)-(4)常见;(5)-(7)了解]
(1)当先行词是 everything, anything, nothing, something, all, none, few, little等不定代词时。
►Is there anything that I can do for you?我可以帮你做些什么吗?
All________happens during early years can influence children for the rest of their lives.
【解析】 句意:所有早年发生的事情都可能影响孩子的余生。定语从句缺少主语,且先行词为不定代词All(指物),故只能用关系代词that。
(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
►As a student, the first thing that you should do every morning is to make a proper plan.作为学
生,每天早晨你应当做的第一件事是制订适当的计划。
This was the most valuable opinion______was given by a foreigner two centuries ago.
【解析】 空处在此引导定语从句,先行词opinion是物,关系词在从句中充当主语,且先行
词前有形容词最高级修饰,故只能用关系代词that。
(3)当先行词被the only,the very,all,any,much,little(少),few,no等词修饰时。[2020全国Ⅲ短文
改错]
►This is the only thing that I am after.这是我唯一追求的东西。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
►Whenever I recall my classmates and those funny things that still seem to be fresh in my mind, I
can't help smiling.对于我的同班同学和那些好玩儿的事情,我似乎仍记忆犹新,每当想起我都
会情不自禁地笑起来。
Peter and his car________disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in
New York in 1993.
【解析】 分析句子结构可知, disappeared…in 1987"为定语从句,修饰先行词"Peter
and his car",先行词既有人又有物,定语从句用that来引导。
(5)当先行词是who, which, whom, what时(为避免wh-语音的重复)。
►Who that had seen the sight could ever forget?见到这种景象,谁会忘记呢?
(6)如果有两个定语从句,其中一个已经用了关系代词which,另一个就要用that以避免重复。
►The city has brought in some clothing enterprises which produce clothes that are mainly sold
abroad.该市引进了一些服装企业,这些企业生产的服装主要向国外出售。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语,且关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
►The town is not the tourist attraction that it once was.这座城镇不再是从前那样的旅游胜地
了。
2.当先行词是物时,关系代词只用which不用that的情况
特殊情况 例句在非限制性定语从句中 This computer stores a large amount of
information, which is of great use to your
research.这台电脑储存了大量信息,这对你的
研究非常有用。
关系代词前面有介词时 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居
住的房间。
先行词为that时 What's that which is under the desk? 书桌底下
的那个东西是什么?
The land is known for a historical site with beautifully colored walls, on_____are painted the
events of the past.
【解析】 句意:这个地区以拥有美丽的彩色墙壁的历史遗迹而闻名,墙上画着过去发生的
事情。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为walls,是物,且关系词位于介词后,故此处只能用
关系代词which。
【注意】此处为使句子结构平衡,定语从句使用了完全倒装。
知识3 易混关系代词which与as辨析
1.位置不同。as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可以放在句首、句中和句末;而
which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放在主句后。
►As we know,China is famous for its Four Great Inventions.
=China,as we know,is famous for its Four Great Inventions.
=China is famous for its Four Great Inventions,as we know.
众所周知,中国因其四大发明而闻名。
►It was raining heavily,which kept us indoors.雨下得很大,把我们困在了室内。
2.含义不同。as引导非限制性定语从句时通常意为"正如",而which通常表示"这一点"。as引
导的定语从句常用于以下结构:
►She is absent again,as is expected.正如所预料的那样,她又缺席了。►Tom has made great progress,which makes me very happy.汤姆取得了很大进步,这使我很高
兴。
3.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词被the same, such修饰时,其后的定语从句常用as来引导而
不用which。
►I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(as在从句中作宾语)
特别提醒 当先行词被the same修饰时,如果表示的是同类事物,其后的定语从句用as引导;
如果表示的是同一事物,则用that引导。
►This is the same book as I read last week.这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。(表示同类)
►This is the same (=the very) book that I read last week.这就是我上周读的那本书。(表示同
一)
I have never performed such a task______you've asked me to do.
【解析】 句意:我从来没做过你要我做的这种工作。空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作
do的宾语。先行词task是物,且其前有such修饰,故此处填关系代词as。
知识4 whose的用法及其转换形式
1.whose表示所属关系,既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语。
►That's the child whose father is a teacher.那就是父亲是老师的那个孩子。
►This is a book whose cover is green.这是一本绿色封面的书。
2."whose+名词"="the+名词+of which/whom";当whose指物时, "whose+名词"还可以转换
为"of+which+the+名词"。
►This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.=This is the scientist the name of
whom is known all over the country. 这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
►He lives in the room whose window faces south.=He lives in the room the window of which
faces south.=He lives in the room of which the window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间
里。
考点2 关系副词引导的定语从句
知识1 关系副词的基本用法
引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why。其用法如下表所示:
关系副词 先行词 关系副词在从句中所作的成
分when(=at/on/in/during which) 表时间 时间状语
where(=at/in/on which) 表地点 地点状语
why(=for which) 表原因 原因状语
只引导限制性定语从句
►He was born on the day when(=on which) the PRC was founded.他出生在中华人民共和国成
立的那一天。
►This is the house where(=in which)I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
►I don't know the reason why(=for which) he was absent today. 我不知道他今天没来的原因。
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice creams.
【解析】 句意:音乐会的两段之间有休息时间,观众可在这段休息时间买冰激凌。先行
词是interval"幕间休息,休息时间",关系词在从句中作时间状语,故空处应填关系副词when。
知识2 关系副词where的特殊用法
where引导定语从句时,先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place,home,school,village
等)外,还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如job,life,situation,point,case,stage,activity等)。
►He has got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他已经陷入一种
难以分辨是非的局面。
New lawyers often come across various cases_____they really don't know how to deal with tough
situations in the beginning.
【解析】 句意:新手律师一开始常常会遇到各种案件,在这些案件中他们真的不知道如何
应对棘手的局面。先行词是cases,关系词在从句中作状语,因此空处填where。
特别提醒 关系代词和关系副词的区别
引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有"替代、连接、作成分"三个作用,即替代先行词、引
导定语从句、在从句中充当成分。因此,选择关系词的关键是分析定语从句所缺的成分。若
从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语,就用关系代词;若从句缺少某种状语,就用关系副词或"介
词+关系代词"。
►This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.这就是我去年参观的山村。(关系代
词在从句中作宾语)
►I will never forget the days when I worked on the farm.我永远不会忘记我在农场劳动的那些日子。(关系副词在从句中作状语)
考点3 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句时,关系代词通常用which(指物)或whom(指人),且不能省略。
知识1 关系代词前介词的选择
"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句中,介词的选择可依据以下几点:
依据 例句
与从句中的谓语动词、形容词构成习惯搭配 The girl, with whom you just shook hands, is
his daughter.(=The girl, whom you just shook
hands with, is his daughter.)刚才跟你握手的那
个女孩是他女儿。He showed me some old
coins with which I was not very familiar.(=He
showed me some old coins which I was not
very familiar with.)他给我看了一些我不是很
熟悉的旧硬币。
与前面的先行词构成习惯搭配 We'll never forget the day on which we climbed
up the Great Wall.我们永远不会忘记登上长
城的那天。(搭配:on the day)
根据句子所要表达的意思 We had supper at six o'clock, after which I went
to see my uncle.六点钟我们吃了晚饭,之后我
去看了我的叔叔。(表示"在……之后"用
after)
He wrote about 20 novels,of which this is the
most successful.他写了大概20部小说,其中这
部是最成功的。(表示"整体的一部分"常用
of)
特别提醒 一些"动词+介词"是固定词组,不宜拆分,所以不能将介词置于关系代词之
前。这类常见的动词词组有:look after, take care of, listen to, look at, look into, run across, look
forward to, break into等。
►他正在听的是我最喜欢的歌曲。
(√) This is my favourite song which he is listening to.
(×) This is my favourite song to which he is listening.
There are many occasions which you are left in a helpless situation,____which you can depend
on no one other than yourself.
【解析】 句意:很多时候你处于无助的境地,在这种情况下,除了自己,你谁也依靠不了。
第一空处,用on which引导的定语从句修饰occasions,on many occasions表示"很多时候";第二空处,用in which引导的定语从句修饰situation,situation表示抽象的地点,其前常用介词
in。因此第一空填on,第二空填in。
知识2 "介词+关系代词"的常见结构
"介词+关系代词"除了"单个介词+关系代词"外,还有以下几种形式:
1.介词短语+关系代词(which,whom,whose)
常用介词短语:as a result of, at the back of, because of, in front of, in the middle of, at the bottom
of, at the foot of。
►They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat an old man.他们到达一座农舍,农舍前坐着
一位老人。
2.单个介词+关系代词(which,whose)+名词
介词依据介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定,which/whose在此作定语。
►He lived in London for three months, during which time he learned some English. 他在伦敦住
了三个月,在此期间他学了一些英语。
注意 在"介词短语+关系代词"引导的定语从句中,当从句中的谓语是不及物动词时,从
句常用完全倒装语序。
►Our English teacher, with whose help we have made great progress in English, has completed
thirty years of teaching.我们的英语老师已经有30年教龄了,在他的帮助下我们的英语取得了
巨大进步。
3.the+名词+of+关系代词(which,whom)
该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系。
►This is the book the cover of which is designed by Mr. Jones.这就是那本封面由琼斯先生设计
的书。
4.表示全部/部分的词语+of+关系代词(which,whom)常见的表示全部/部
分的词语有:不定代词all,both,none,either,some,any, most,few,several
等;数词(基数词,序数词,百分数,分数);数词+名词;the+最高级/比较级。
►He has five children, all of whom are Communists. 他有五个孩子,他们全都是共产党员。
►China has many islands, one of which is Hainan Island.中国有很多岛屿,海南岛是其中之一。
►The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old. 这支足球队有15名队
员,其中年龄最大的25岁。
考点4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句知识 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开
关系词 1.所有的关系代词和关系副 1.除that以外的关系代词
词
2.除why以外的关系副词3.
2.在从句中作宾语时可省略 即使在从句中作宾语也不可
省略
先行词 主句中的某一个名词、名词 主句中的某一个名词或名词
词组或代词 词组,也可以是整个主句所表
达的内容
意义 对先行词进行限制、说明,是 对修饰的词或句子作进一步
先行词不可缺少的定语,不可 说明,省去之后主句意思依然
省去 完整
翻译 一般译成"……的",作先行词 常译成并列分句
的定语
►Is he the boy who got first prize in the singing competition?(从句"who got…competition"修
饰"the boy",属限制性定语从句)
►He tore up my photo,which made me very angry.(从句"which made me very angry"修饰前面
的整个句子"He tore up my photo",属非限制性定语从句)
►This is the house where the artist was born.(限制性定语从句"where the artist was born"不能省
去,因为省去之后主句"This is the house"意思不完整)
►Li Ping's father,who works in a factory,is an engineer.(非限制性定语从句"who works in a
factory"即使省去,主句"Li Ping's father is an engineer"意思依然完整)
四、重难点突破
难点1 先行词相同,关系词不同的情况
先行词是表示时间或地点等的名词时,如果先行词一样,但是关系词在从句中所作的成分不
同,那么所用关系词也不同。具体分为以下几点:
1.先行词是表示时间或地点的名词
若关系词在从句中作时间状语或地点状语,则用when或where;若作主语、宾语等,则用that
或which。
►The date (that/which) I'll always remember is Oct.28, 1968. 我会一直记得的日子是1968年
10月28日。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
►The date when I was born is Oct.28, 1968. 我出生的日子是1968年10月28日。(when在从句中作时间状语)
►After about an hour's drive, we reached the small town where I was brought up and which/that
is located at the foot of the mountain. 大约一个小时的车程之后,我们抵达这个小镇。我就是
在这个小镇长大的,它坐落在山脚下。(where在从句中作地点状语;which/that在从句中作主
语)
The terrible accident happened on the day________my father left for America, a
day________we'll never forget.
句意:那场可怕的事故发生在我父亲前往美国的那天,(那是)我们永远都不会忘记的一天。句
中含有两个定语从句,先行词都是day。第一空所填词在从
句中作时间状语,所以用when引导定语从句;第二空所填词在从句中作宾语,所以用that或
which引导定语从句。故填when; that/which。
2.先行词是表示原因的名词reason若关系词在从句中作原因状语,则用why;若作主语、宾语
等,则用that或which。
►The reason (which/that) he told me for his being late is that he got up late.他告诉我他迟到的
原因是他起床晚了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
特别提醒 遇到类似的题目,考生应特别注意从句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及
物动词后应接宾语;不及物动词后如有介词,可加宾语,如无介词,则应用关系副词。
►The reason why he was late is that he got up late.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why在从句
中作原因状语)
3.先行词是way
若关系词在从句中充当"in+which"式的方式状语,可用that代替in which,或省略that/in which;
若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语等成分,则用that或which。
►It must be the way (that/in which) you write that leads to your ugly handwriting.一定是你写字
的方式导致了你难看的字迹。(that/in which在从句中作方式状语)
►The way (that/which) you came up with at the meeting yesterday is well worth trying.昨天你在
会议上提出的方法很值得一试(that/which在从句中作宾语)
难点2 定语从句与其他从句(句型)的区别
类别 区别 例句定语从句与并列句 并列句有and,but,so,or等并 ①I have three cars,none
列连词或各个分句之间有分 of________is in good
号。并列句的各个分句之间 condition.
不可再用引导定语从句的关
②I have three cars,but none
系词。
of________is in good
condition.
句①中cars后面是非限制性
定语从句,空格中填关系代词
which;
句②中有并列连词but,为并
列句,空格中填代词them。
定语从句与状语从句 when, where和why引导定语 This is the school where (=in
从句时,通常可以用"相应介 which) I once worked.(where
词+which"的结构来替换,引 引导定语从句)Put back the
导状语从句时则不行。 book where it was.(where引
导状语从句)
五、考法解题能力提升
考法1 考查限制性定语从句
命题透视
1.高考常考查的关系代词有that,which,who,whose;常考查的关系副词有where,when。其中
which/that的考查频次最高。
2.语法填空考查定语从句的空不设提示词。
方法点拨 根据从句所缺成分确定关系词
1.限制性定语从句中关系词的选择主要看关系词在从句中充当的成分,即定语从句中缺何成
分。
2.要注意限制性定语从句中关系代词that与which的区别。
考点1
3.还要注意定语从句中介词的位置,若介词在关系代词前,则只能从which, whom和whose中
选择,不能用who或that。They were well trained by their masters_____had great experience with caring for these animals.
【解析】 句意:它们受到主人的良好训练,它们的主人在照看这些动物方面有着丰富的经
验。空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词是their masters,指人,故应用关系代词
who或that。
考法总结 设空处无提示词,且空前为名词,空后为缺少主语的从句,由此可判断设空处填从
句引导词;再根据句意判断,设空处引导的从句对their masters起限定作用,故此处为限制性定
语从句。
考法2 考查非限制性定语从句
命题透视 关于非限制性定语从句,高考语法填空中考查较多的是关系代词which或
who。
方法点拨 非限制性定语从句关系词的选择不同于限制性定语从句的是:关系代词that
和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
注意 what和how不能作定语从句的引导词。
She and her family bicycle to work,________helps them keep fit.
【解析】 句意:她和她的家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可
知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。
考法总结 考生要牢记"定语从句‘有逗号,无that’"。只要分析出来是定语从句,并且其前有
逗号与主句隔开,那么就是非限制性定语从句,不能用关系代词that来引导。再根据具体情况
选择关系代词或关系副词。
六、精选考点题型专练
1. We will never forget the firemen ________ lost their lives in the forest fire in April 2019 at
Liangshan, Sichuan.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句中的关系词。句意：我们将永远都不会忘记在2019年4月发生在四
川凉山的火灾中牺牲的灭火人员。先行词为the firemen，指人，故关系词用that。故选A。
2. —Do you like National Treasure, the weekly TV show on CCTV?
—Sure, It’s a great culture TV show_______has been very popular in China.A. who B. whom C.which D. what
【答案】 C
【解析】考查引导词辨析。句意：——你喜欢国宝这个节目吗？——是的，这是一个好节
目，在中国很流行。which引导的是一个定语从句。
3.Mr.Brown is a teacher _____is strict with all his students.
A. which B. who C. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。句意：布朗先生是一位对待所有学生都严格要
求的老师。本句当中a teacher是先行词，所以只能用指人的关系代词who。故选B。
4.Wang Yangming is a great educationalist _____ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.
A. which B. what C. who
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：王阳明是一位伟大的教育家，他在秀文发展了大部
分思想。educationalist是指人的名词，其后的定语从句应用who或that引导，故选C。
5. We have decided to sell five things _______ we no longer use.
A. that B. where C. who
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：我们已经决定出售五件不再使用的东西。先行词为
five things在从句中做宾语。故选A。
6. My mother doesn’t like stories ________ have sad endings.
A. that B. who C. where D. those
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我妈妈不喜欢有着悲伤结局的故事。此题定语从
句的先行词是stories，不是人，也不是地点，根据这一点能排除B 、C两项。定语从句的
引导词没有those，排除D。故选A。
7. I prefer music ________ has great lyrics.
A. who B. whose C. that D. /
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。先行词music是物，故用引导词that/which。故选C。
8. —Do you know the man ______ spoke at the meeting just now?
—No, I don’t know.A. what B. who C. which D. whose
【答案】 B
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：——你认识刚才在会上发言的这个人吗？——
不，不认识。先行词the man指人，故用关系代词that/who在定语从句中作主语。故选B。
9. —The boy ______ lost is crying there.
—How do you know he gets lost?
A. whose B. who C. who’s
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：—那个迷路的男孩正在那儿哭泣。—你怎么知道他迷路了
呢？主句先行词为“the boy”，用关系代词“who”引导定语从句，在定语从句中做主语。
表示某人迷路，应用短语“be/get lost”。 空部分应为“定语从句连接词+谓语动词”，故C
项(相当于who is)正确。
10.—Do you know the boy over there?
_______________—The one_________________is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.
A. what B. which C.who D.不填
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句引导词辨析。问句询问“你认识那边的那个男孩吗？”，答语反问
“是拿着球的那个人吗？”根据句子结构可知，此处定语从句，先行词为 The one，关系词
指代人，且在定语从句中作主语，故选C。what不能引导定语从句，故排除A项；关系代
词which只能指代物，故排除B项；关系代词作主语时，不能省略，故排除D项。
11. —Have you got ready for the soccer game?
—Yes, I’ve done everything ______ I can to win the game.
A. who B. that C. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句之先行词。句意：——你为足球赛做好准备了吗？——对，我已经
为赢得比赛做好了一切准备。先行词everything为不定代词，当先行词为不定代词时，关
系代词常用that。故选B。
12. Not all children ______ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become
interested in science.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句之关系代词用法。句意：并不是所有观看到这个视频的孩子都会成
为一名科学家，但有些或许对科学感兴趣。由句意知，本句是含有定语从句的复合句。先
行词children指人，应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选C。
13. All the classmates enjoyed the cake ________ I made at the party. It was really delicious.
A. that B. who C. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词辨析。句意：所有的同学都喜欢我在聚会上做的蛋糕。真的
很好吃。分析句子结构可知，the cake是先行词，在空格后的句子“I made at the party”中作
宾语，且又指物，故选A。
14.The book _______ was written by him is very interesting.
A. who B. whom C. which D. 不填
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。他写的这本书很有趣，其中_______ was written by him
是定语从句修饰the book,先行词book是物，引导词应该使用which或that，故选C。
15. —What are you doing?
—We are talking about the books and writers______we like.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——你们在干什么呀？——我们在谈论我们喜欢的书和作
家。定语从句的先行词是“books and writers”，即有物又有人，所以引导词应该用that，故
选A。
16. —Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father?
—The first thing _________ I will do is to make a card for him.
A. who B. where C. whose D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——明天是父亲节。 你给你爸爸的惊喜是什么？——我要
做的第一件事就是给他做一张卡片。先行词前有序数词修饰，关系代词用that，故选D。
17.The charities have helped more children with the money ________ people raise.
A. who B. what C. where D. which
【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：慈善机构已经用人们筹的钱帮助了更多的孩子们。该句的
先行词the money，表示物，引导定语从句，应用关系代词that或which。故选D。
18.This is the most exciting match _____ I have ever watched.
A.who B.which C.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词的选择。，句意：这是我曾经看过的最兴奋的比赛。先行
词是match，排除A，先行词是被最高级修饰的时候，关系代词必须是that，故选C。
19. I like the city the people are really kind and friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意为“我喜欢这座城市，这儿的人们很善良、友好。”分析题
干可知此处定语从句修饰的名词“the city”表示地点，所以定语从句用 where来引导，
where在定语从句中用作地点状语，故选“where”。
20.A true friend is a person ______ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：一个真正的朋友是向你伸手触动心灵的人。分析
句子结构可知，修饰先行词是“人”，且在从句中做主语，应用who引导。故选C。
21.—Do you like the weekly talk show，The Readers，on CCTV?
—Sure．It’ s a great TV program _________ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the
public．
A.which B.that C.what D.whose
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：—你喜欢中央电视台的每周谈话节目还是朗读者吗？—当
然喜欢。它是一个其目的是把阅读习惯带会给大众的伟大的电视节目。此定语从句中，
whose“谁的”修饰 purpose。故选D。
22.The teacher I like best often encourages me my dream.
A. who; fight for B. that; to fight for
C. which; to fight for D. which; fight for
【答案】 B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我最喜欢的老师经常鼓励我为梦想而奋斗。该句的先行词the teacher指人，故用关系代词who或that引导；encourage sb. to do sth. 表“鼓励某人做某
事”，故选B。
23.She is a teacher ______ had much teaching experience.
A. whose B. who C. whom
【答案】 B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她是一名有丰富教学经验的老师。先行词是a teacher ，在
从句中作主语，故选B。
24. —Class, you should be thankful to those people _____ helped and supported you.
—We will, Miss Chen.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的判断使用。句意：—同学们，你们应该感谢那些帮助、支
持你们的人。—我们会的，陈老师。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为
people，且从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故选C。
25.—What are you looking for
—I' m looking for the dictionary ______ you lent me last week.
A. who B what C. that D when
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:--你在找什么?— 我正在找你上周借给我的那本字典。“I’m
looking for the dictionary ____ you lent me last week.”为定语从句。先行词the dictionary为物
体，用关系代词 which/that 引导定语从句。Lend sb.sth关系代词在定语从句中作宾语。故
选C。
26. —What kind of teachers ______do you like, John?
—I like the teachers _____are friendly to us.
A. which B. whose C. who
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句用法。句意：——约翰，你喜欢哪类的老师？——我喜欢对我友好
的老师。在定语从句中，修饰先行词指“人”且在从句中用作主语，用 who引导，故选
C。
27.—Only You is a TV program is popular with most young people.
—Yes, it is definitely true.A. that B. whose C. what D. who
【答案】 A.
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。这里的先行词是a TV program，表示事物，用that引
导定语从句。故选A。
28.Danny met a famous astronaut was the first Canadian astronaut in space.
A.which B.what C.whose D.who
【答案】 D
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词的用法。句意：丹尼遇到了一位著名的宇航员，他是进入
太空的第一位加拿大宇航员。which指代物，whose指代人或物，先行词在定语从句中作定
语；who指代人，先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what一般不引导定语从句。这里先
行词astronaut是人，在从句中作主语，故用who引导。故选D。
29.—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？
—It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).
A.where show B.which show C.that shows D.who shows
【答案】.C
【解析】考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：——你看过《人民的名义》这部电视剧吗？
——它反映了我们党努力反对腐败，是一部最受欢迎的电视剧。分析句子可知，这是一个
定语从句，空格前play为物，关系代词应用that/which，故排除A、D项，且play为单数，
谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故选C。
30.Doctors say misunderstandings and false information about the disease are spreading on the
Internet, they think should be stopped.
【答案】which
【解析】句意:医生们说,关于那种疾病的误解和虚假信息正在互联网上传播,他们认为这种
情况应该被制止。分析句子结构可知 ,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句 ,指
代"misunderstandings...Internet",they think 为插入语,从句中缺主语,故填which。
31.Education is believed to be the best soil supports children’s growth and develops
their minds.
【答案】that
【解析】句意:人们认为,教育是帮助儿童成长并发展其思维的最佳土壤。分析句子结构可
知,空处在此引导定语从句,且先行词被形容词最高级修饰,关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系
代词that。32.The reason he explained at the meeting was that they didn’t have enough money.
【答案】that/which
【解析】分析句子结构可知," he explained at the meeting"为定语从句,修饰先行词
reason,且空处在从句中作宾语,故此处应用指代物的关系代词that/which。
33.Thomas was the first person to I spoke after arriving in Washington D.C.
【答案】whom
【解析】句意:到达华盛顿后,我最先和托马斯说话。分析句子结构可知,"to I
spoke...D.C. "为定语从句,先行词是the first person,关系词在从句中作to的宾语,故填whom。
34.Such people were recommended by the highly respected scholar were reliable.
【答案】as
【解析】句意:这样深受尊敬的学者推荐的人是可靠的。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定
语从句,且在从句中作主语,句中的"Such"表明,此处应用as来引导定语从句。
35.（2020新高考Ⅰ(山东),39）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,
formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语,先行词为the British
Museum,故此处用关系代词which/that。
36.（2020天津,6）Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his
own typing.
【答案】whose
【解析】secretary与Dr.Rowan之间为所属关系, 所以应该用关系代词, whose引导非限制性
定语从句, 在从句中作定语。
37.（2019 全国Ⅱ,62）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in
Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】先行词是the pet shop,指物,非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语,故填which。
38.（2019浙江,58） On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light
in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a piece of cloth,指物,且定语从句中
缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。39.（2019 江苏,21）We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of
coming true.
【答案】when
【解析】句意:我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,空处引导
定语从句,先行词为an age, 空处在定语从句中充当时间状语,故用关系副词when。
40.（2019天津,11）Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full
sentences.
【答案】where
【解析】句意:他们的孩子处于一个会说个别词但不会说完整句子的阶段。先行词 stage意
为"阶段",空处引导定语从句,在从句中作状语,此处表示抽象的地点,故用关系副词where。
41.（2019北京,9） The students benefitting most from college are those are totally
engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资
源).
【答案】who/that
【解析】句意:从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中并充分利用大学的机
会和资源的学生。分析句子结构可知,空格后的信息是对those的修饰,those指人,关系词在
定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词 who/that。
42.（2018 全国Ⅱ,69）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when
the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations
to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that/which
【解析】句意:2005年政府发起了一个土壤测试项目,给农民推荐特定的肥料,中国农业部发
现在2005至2011年间,肥料的使用减少了770万吨。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,
先行词是a soil-testing program,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that或which。
43.（2018 江苏,23）Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the
same starting line.
【答案】where
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是area, 关系词在从句中充当地点状
语,因此用where, 相当于in which。
44.（2018天津,2）Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has
gone to work in Australia.【答案】whose
【解析】句意:凯特去澳大利亚工作了,读大学的时候我和她的姐姐合住一个房间。从句子结
构看,本空要用关系词引导定语从句,先行词为 Kate,且关系词在从句中作定语,因此用
whose。
45.（2017 丙卷(全国 Ш),64）But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top
models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】who
【解析】Sarah是主句主语,wants是主句谓语,由此可以判断空处引导非限制性定语从句,先
行词为Sarah,指人,从句中缺主语,故填who。
4612.（2017 江苏,28）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of
purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
【答案】whose
【解析】此处指"世界粮食计划署的宗旨之一",先行词为the World Food Programme,空处在
从句中作定语,因此填whose。
47.（2017浙江11月,57）Like many things in life, it’s an ongoing process, and the best part of
the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, means you’ll just keep getting
better and better.
【答案】which
【解析】句意:像生活中的许多事物一样,它(扩大词汇量)是个一直进行的过程,这个过程最好
的部分在于有足够的进步空间,也就是说你将会不断变得越来越好。根据句意及句子结构可
知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为"there’s enough room for improvement"这句话,空处作
从句的主语,故填which。
48.（2016 乙卷(全国Ⅰ),65）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV
show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter...
【答案】when
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the mid-1980s,关系词在
从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词when。
49.（2016丙卷(全国Ш),67）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,
lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
【答案】who【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Confucius,指人,且关
系词在从句中作主语,故填who。
50.（2016浙江,11）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,
none of has been proved.
【答案】which
【解析】句意:科学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论,其中没有一个得到了证
明。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是many theories,关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语,
应该填关系代词which,none of which共同构成从句的主语。
A专项语篇型填空(定语从句)
The following is part of the story that most of my fellow students show interest in, the title of
1 I don’t seem to remember.
Jane Platt, 2 travels to London because of a mysterious letter, is the only person 3
witnesses a murder at London Victoria Station. The detective to 4 she gives her statement
disappears. Jane goes to an office to answer the letter that she has received, 5 she discovers
that her uncle Gordon, who lives in South America, has sent her a small box and tells her to open
it only at the time 6 she is in real trouble. Jane, 7 parents have never mentioned
Gordon, is skeptical of the box, 8 she gives to her friend Tony. They go to Scotland Yard and
see Inspector Groves, who has not heard of the murder. Jane gives Groves the murdered man’s
ticket found beside his body. Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, from 9 the
murdered man came. On the train they meet a man, 1 0 says he knows Jane’s uncle Gordon.
本文讲述了一个扣人心弦的侦探故事的一部分。
1.which 分析句子结构可知,这里是非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作of的宾语,指代前
面的先行词story,故填which。
2.who 空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为Jane Platt,指人,因此用who
引导定语从句。
3.that 关系词引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为person,且先行词前有the only修
饰,故用that引导该定语从句。
4.whom 定语从句使用了"give sth. to sb."结构,空前有介词to,关系词作to的宾语,先行词为
The detective,故填whom。5.where 这里是非限制性定语从句,先行词为an office,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填
where。
6.when 先行词是the time,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,因此用when引导定语从句。
7.whose 此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为Jane,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰parents,表
示"简的父母",故填whose。
8.which 此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the box,指物,关系词在从句中作gives的宾语,
故填which。
9.which 此处是"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,先行词为Redhill,指物,关系词在从句中作
from的宾语,故填which。
10.who 空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是a man,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填
who。
B语法填空
Dressed in a flowing robe(长袍) 1 (decorate) with floral embroidery (花卉刺绣) from
the past era, stylist Xiao Hang looks like she came from a time machine. She walks across the
noisy Beijing subway, 2 _ _ (attract) curious glances and questions.
China 3 (welcome) western fashion and futuristic technology during the past decades,
4 a growing number of young people like Xiao are looking at the past for their dressing choices.
5 (obvious), they prefer to put on traditional "hanfu", or "Han clothing".
These historic 6 (costume) are enjoying a comeback because the government is
promoting traditional culture. Period dramas have also contributed to a 7 (great) interest in
traditional Chinese clothing and a higher demand for it.
Xiao, 8 used to work at a state-owned machine manufacturing company, now runs her
own hanfu business. She dresses customers for photo shoots and even plans hanfu-style weddings.
However, there is still some way before the style reaches wide 9 (accept) in China. Many
people say their hesitation is due to the odd looks they get when they’re wearing hanfu 10
public.
设计师肖航经营着自己的汉服公司,她为客户提供汉服拍照服务,甚至策划汉服风格的婚礼。
与过去崇尚西方的时尚风格相对,越来越多的年轻人更喜欢中国传统服装文化。
1.decorated 考查过去分词。分析该句结构可知,空处作名词robe的后置定语,修饰该名
词;robe和动词decorate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故空处用过去分词decorated。2.attracting 考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知,主语She和动词attract之间为逻辑上的主
谓关系,故空处用现在分词attracting。
3.has welcomed/has been welcoming 考查动词的时态。空处作谓语。根据该句时间状
语"during the past decades"可知,该句陈述的是从过去发生持续到现在的事情,而且还可能继
续下去,故用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。
4.but 考查连词。空前陈述"多年来中国一直欢迎西方时尚和极其现代的技术";空后表述"越
来越多像肖这样的年轻人在选择服装时把目光投向过去",空处前后为转折关系,故填but。
5.Obviously 考查副词。分析该句结构可知,空处修饰后面的整个句子,故用副词形式。
6.costumes 考查名词的单复数。costume可以用作可数名词,根据该句系动词are可知,此处
应用复数形式。
7.greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级"higher"可知,空处与此对应,也应当用
比较级。句意:历史剧也促使人们对中国传统服饰产生了更大的兴趣和更高的需求。
8.who 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Xiao,指
人,空处在从句中作主语,故用who引导该定语从句。
9.acceptance 考查名词。形容词修饰名词,根据形容词wide可知,空处用名词形式,此处表
示"广泛接受"。
10. in 考查固定搭配。in public为固定搭配,意为"公开地",符合语境。句意:很多人说,他们
之所以会犹豫是因为公开穿汉服时别人会用奇怪的眼神看他们。
