文档内容
考点 17 关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句（重难考点精讲练）
定语从句在高考的基础知识方面的考查主要体现在单选题、语法填空及短文改错中，在单项选择中主要考
查定语从句的一些基本用法，如常见关系词的选择，在选择的过程中，一定要注意限制性与非限制性定语
从句的区别，定语从句与名词性从句，及状语从句的引导词的区别等，有时也会与其他修饰性的句型结构
之间进行误导性考查，如与强调句性等，所以重点掌握的是从高考题中总结规律，达到熟练应用。
定语从句是历年高考的重点， 主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法， 比如which/that/as/ when/where
的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空，短文
改错，完型填空等中。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
考向一 常见关系代词的基本用法
1. that
可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于
which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which
指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：
The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）
3. who, whom, whose
（1）who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人
（2）whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
（4）whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)
注意：
① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whom；表物用 which)
② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为
正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放
在句末。）
4. as
as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
（1）如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as(与……相同)；such …as …（如此，这样）; as
many/much as（和……一样多）；so/as …as（与……一样）等结构中。如：（2）如为非限制性的，as还可以单独引导一个定语从句，代替整个主句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句
中或句尾，译为＂正如，这一点＂。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）
As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
’
1. For those ________ want to see the film, put down your names, please.
2.The government has carried out several new plans, ________benefits are various and obvious.
考向二that、 which的辨析
1. 只能用that，不能用which的情况
（1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被
all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。
☞All the people that come from the country work much harder.
所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
（2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用
that， 不用which.如：
☞The first English novel that I read was Cities.
我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
☞This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
☞This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
（3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which.如：
☞The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
☞The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.
外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
（4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which.如：
☞ He is no longer the star that he was.
他不再是过去的那位明星了。
☞ Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
（5） 句中其他位置已出现which， 为避免重复， 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如：☞Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超过我们的是哪辆车？
2. 只用which，不能用that的情况
（1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必
须用which.如：
☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
☞This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如：
☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve
had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
（2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：
☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.
学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.
书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
（3）当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用
that。
\
1. She said she would do anything ________ could help her mother recover from the disease.
2.There were many fans in the social media ________ expressed their sadness over Jin Yong's death.
3. This is the most interesting book ________ I have read.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。
有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。
☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。
2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
☞Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?
这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？
3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，
常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.
媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。关系代词和关系副词的选择
用法 依据
若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词则
根据从句谓语动词
用关系副词。
把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语
根据关系词在从句中作的成分
则用关系副词。
单句语法填空。
1. There was a time in England ________people could not put up with each other's ideas.
2. Life is like a race ________ we all compete with ourselves against time.
3. Next month, ________ we will spend our winter holidays in our hometown, is approaching.
1.（2021·成都三诊·短文改错）I had a concert ticket for a show that I couldn't attend it.
2.（2021·天津十二区县联考2·单项填空·T10）Senior family members, especially parents, should
create an atmosphere ________ children can be encouraged to pour out their heart happily.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
3.（2021·天津市5月压轴模拟·单项填空·T15）Learning another language is like stepping out of
a door, ______I can look back and see more clearly my own language.
A．By which B．through which C．which D．on which
4.（2021·天津宝坻区三模·单项填空·T8）You may think of giving up study, in ____________
case just think it over before making the decision.
A. that B. which C. whose D. where
5.（2021·天津和平区三模·单项填空·T4）________ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs
greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.
A. As B. It C. Which D. What
6.（2021·天津和平区一模·单项填空·T14）Go for a walk in the countryside, you can enjoy
the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
7.（2021·天津河东区二模·单项填空·T8）I think you've got to the point________ a change is
needed, otherwise you'll fail.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
8.（2021·天津河西区三模·单项填空·T14）Swimming is good for teenagers, ________ someexperts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.
A. which B. why C. Whom D. what
9.（2021·南开中学5月模拟·单项填空·T10）Sales director is a position________ communication
ability is just as important as sales.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
10.（2021·天津芦台一中六模·单项填空·T12）There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin,
______ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best.
A. which B. where C. among them D. among which
11. （2021·天津十二区县一模·单项填空·T6）
At last we found a path leading to the top of the mountain,________ we saw a beautiful sunrise.
A. in where B. in which C. which D. from where
12.（2021·天津杨村一中一模·单项填空·T10）
Children, in my opinion,____creative ability is unbelievably rich, should be trained in that area.
A. which B. what C. who D. whose
13.（2021·天津齐齐哈尔市三模·短文改错）
I have a pet cat, which name is Lucky. She has white hair and two big eyes.
14.（2021•天津滨海学校开学模拟•单项填空•T4）Between the two parts of the concert is an
interval, ________ the audience can buy icecream.
A. when B. where
C. that D. which
15.（2021•大港一中入学模拟•单项填空•T3）In the dark street, they wasn’t a single person,
_______ she could turn for help.
A. to whom B. whom C. to which D. which
16.（2021•天津和平区期中模拟•单项填空•T5）
We will always remember the moment _______ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line.
A. when B. where C. that D. whose
17.（2021•天津河西区期中模拟•单项填空•T13）
"The thirst for knowledge is the strongest __________ there is a barrier," says the president of the
ltalian Union of the Blind．
A. which B. where C. since D. unless
18.（2021•天津河西区期中模拟•单项填空•T15）
Between the two halves of the football game is a 15-minute break, __________ the audience can
have a rest．
A. when B. where C. which D. that19.（2021•天津河西区期末模拟•单项填空•T7）After graduating from college，I took some time
off to go travelling，______ turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
20.（2021•红桥区期中模拟•单项填空•T9）I can’t help but remember the precious child ______
smile has brought me countless hours of joy throughout the years.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. of which
21.（2021•天津红桥区期中模拟•单项填空•T12）
Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life
has developed gradually.
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose
22.（2021•天津静海区四校12月模拟•单项填空•T4） There was a long wait at the reception
desk, ______ everyone was checking in.
A. why B. which C. whom D. where
23.（2021•静海区一中1月模拟•单项填空•T10）Children, in my opinion, ________ creative
ability is unbelievably rich, ________ is seldom noticed by us, should be trained in that area.
A. which; that B. which; what
C. what; who D. whose; which
24. （2021•南开区3月模拟•单项填空•T7）The result is not the same they had expected,
was rather disappointing.
A. what, as B. as, that
C. that, which D. as, which
25. （2021•南开区期中模拟•单项填空•T10）
Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.
A. who B. when C. which D. where
26.（2021•南开中学一模•单项填空•T5）
TV show provides women a stage __________they show their natural talent, rather than their looks.
A. that B. what C. where D. when
27.（2021•天津滨海七校联考•单项填空•T10）
To improve learning efficiency, students must spend more time focusing on the skills__________
they are weak in.
A. what B. where C. when D. which28.（2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T7）
The 2020 China International Fair for Trade in services, ______ theme is “Global Services, Shared
Prosperity”, attracted worldwide attention.
A. its B. whose C. which D. where
29.（2021•天津市六校期末模拟•单项填空•T3）
In the past few years, he has collected a lot of ancient coins, __________date back to the Ming and
Qing Dynasties.
A. most of them B. most of that
C. most of which D. most of whom
30.（2021•合肥市二模•短文改错）
"Look, here's another snowman," shouted Maomao, joyfully clapping his hands. It was our grandpa
who grey hair was blowing in the wind.
31.（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T1）Sanxingdui (三星堆) is believed to have sat at the heart of
the Shu state, ____1____ historians know little about because of the lack of written records.
32.（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T5）Less snow cover in the mountains is important in the West
and Alaska, ____5____ will greatly reduce the chances of disasters caused by too much snow.
33.（2021•漳州一中新高考模拟•语法填空•T1）Louis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March
1924 - 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and
essayist, ___1___ co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as the
first editor-in-chief.
34.（2021•玉林市一模•语法填空•T4）It reflects the culture ____4____ fooling and complaining
is part of everyday life.
35.（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T4）
She discovered Artemisinin（青蒿素）, a drug ____4____ has significantly reduced the death rates
for patients suffering from malaria. “Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional
Chinese medicine.
【2022】
1. （2022年全国甲卷语法填空）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his
eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
2. （2022年全国乙卷短文改错） They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.3. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species
___65___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【2021】
1.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a
healthy weight. (2021 浙江卷)
2.When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day, trying to link new
experiences to old memories. (2021 北京卷)
3.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating
them. (2021 天津卷)
4.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the
visitors. (2021 天津卷)
【2020】
1.（2020·新课标II卷· 短文改错）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
2.（2020·新课标III卷·语法填空）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.
3. （2020·新课标III卷·短文改错）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by
Mom with appreciation.
4.（2020· 山东新高考· 语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed
(form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.
5.（2020·新课标I卷·语法填空）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,
China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft
and to Earth.
6.（2020·天津卷·单项填空）7. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it
to his grandson.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
【2019-2018】
7.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in
Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
8.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally
engaged(参与)in academic life.
9.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the
dark.
10.（2019·新课标III卷·短文改错） In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment
what is created for them.
11. (2018·新课标卷II·语法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government started a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and
2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
12.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
13. (2018·天津卷·单项填空) Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to
work in Australia.
A. whom B. that
C. whose D. her
14.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full
sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
15.（2019·新课标I卷·短文改错）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school
playground.
16.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
17.（2018·新课标I卷·短文改错）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last
summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
