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专题 10 从句与语法填空
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
考生在从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分从句；(2)关系代词
与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式
来理解从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常
出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。
复习建议
1、关系代词引导的定语从句；
2、关系副词引导的定语从句；
3、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句；
4、as引导的定语从句；
5、主语从句；
6、宾语从句；
7、表语从句；
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司8、同位语从句；
9、时间状语从句；
10、让步状语从句；
11、条件状语从句；
12、其他状语从句；
考点导航
考点01关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主
语、宾语、定语等。
1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、
宾语等。
2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用
“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，
而不用which。
(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代
词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。
(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, ...，the last修饰时。
(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。
考点02关系副词引导的定语从句
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中 when,
where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。
2
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which；
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why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。
1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作
状语。
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中 when,
where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which；
why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。x^kw
2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。
(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定
语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：
(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可
省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引
导定语从句。如：
考点03“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：
1关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；
如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：
2介词的位置
介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：
3关系代词前介词的确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：
(2)根据先行词来确定。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：
4“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largest＋of＋which/whom”等。如：
5 “复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔
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6“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构
考点04as引导的定语从句
1．as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由 the same,
as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。
注意：such...as...与such...that...的区别
such...as...中的as引导的是定语从句，而such...that...中的that引导的是结果状语从句。
当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that
在从句中不作任何成分。
从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。
2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)位置不同
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制
性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：
(2)意义不同
as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看
到的那样；as is well known＝as is known to all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预
料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那
样；as has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember
(it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那
件事。如：
(3)用法不同
①当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：
②当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported
等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：
考点05主语从句
1．引导主语从句的连接词：连词that，whether等；连接代词what，who，whose，
whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。
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见的句型有：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)＋that从句
考点06宾语从句
1．引导宾语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，
whatever，whichever，whoever等;连接副词when，where，why，how，从句用陈述语序。
2．宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用 it作形式宾
语，而将真正的宾语放 到形式宾 语 或宾补之后。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/宾语从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate＋it＋宾语从句
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/insist on＋it＋宾语从句
(4)固定搭配bring it to one’s attention/take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋宾语从句
3．一般情况下介词后只能用 wh－类连接词引导宾语从句. 其他介词后面需要用that
从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语.
4．在doubt引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用whether/if，若
主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。
5．宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句在时态上保持一致，即当主句是
一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；而当主句为过去时时，从句须用相
应的过去时。当从句的内容为真理或客观事 实时， 须用一般现在时。
考点07表语从句
1．引导表语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，as if/though；连接代词what，who，
whose，whatever，
whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why， how，从句用陈述语序。
2．as if/as though 意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，
appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从
5
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3．This/That/It is why＋从句(表结果) “这/那就是……的原因”
This/That/It is because＋从句(表原因) “这/那是因为……”
The reason why...is that＋从句 “……的原因是……”
考点08同位语从句
1．同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分， 但是不能省略，从句用陈
述语序。同位语从句还可用whether,when，where，why，how等引导。
2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth， hope，problem，
information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等。
3．分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免
“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
考点09时间状语从句
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。从句谓语
动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。
when 作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，常用于be about to do...when...；be
doing...when...；had just done...when...;be on the point of doing...when...等结构
中。
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时间，从句的谓语动词
为延续性动词。
while 表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
while作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……；
as
一边……；随着……”，从句谓语一般为延续性动词。
2．表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as；immediately；directly；instantly；the
moment/minute/instant；no sooner...than...；hardly...when...
(2)hardly...when...；no sooner...than...中主句用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时；当
hardly和no sooner 位于句首时，主 句要部分倒装。
3．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司(1)until与till引导的时间状语从句
until/till意为“直到……时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动
作之前。当主句的谓语动词是 延 续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是
非 延 续性动词时，主句常用否定形式，意为“直到……才”。
(2)every/each time，next time，the first time，whenever等引导的时间状语从句。
(3)by the time引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时；从句用一
般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
考点09让步状语从句
1．although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句
(1) although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though可用正常语序，也可用倒
装语序；as只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数
名词，前置时要省略冠词。
(2) although/though不能与but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。
(3)though 还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”,置于句末。
(4)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋ever”；
whether...or...(不管……还是……)引导的让步状语从句
(1) “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句时，可转化成 “疑问词＋ever”。
(2)whenever,wherever还可分别引导时间和地点状语从句。
考点11条件状语从句
1．引导条件状语从句的连词：if；unless；so(as) long as；once；in case；on condition
that；supposing/suppose (that);provided/providing。
2．“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”的句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语
从句。
3．条件状语从句中一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。
考点12其他状语从句
1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时,从句须放在主句之前。
2．目的状语从句的谓语动词一般含有情态动词can，could,may，might，should等。
3．as if/though引导方式状语从句时,从句中有时需用虚拟语气.
【题型分析】
1.In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.
2.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the
British Museum ______opened in 1759.
3.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______ she
opened with her late husband Les.
4.They were well trained by their masters______ had great experience with caring for these
animals.
5.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______gives off light in the dark.
6.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______ showed a mere
five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
causes.
7.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 – when the government started a
soil – testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers – and 2011,
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
8.I’m not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears
out of nowhere.
9.Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they
realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
10.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ______ is not good for the health.
11.But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has
brains as well as beauty.
13.Like many things in life, it’s an ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s
enough room for improvement, _______means you’ll just keep getting better and better.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司14.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish
and was spread over the garden, ______ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally
sprouted (生长) through it.
检测训练
1.Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—______ works alongside her in the family business —said it
remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.
2.Have you ever wondered ______ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a
calculator or computer or even pencil and paper?
3.The Crescent Spring, ______beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a
romantic paradise for visitors.
4.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and
can give us insight into ______ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great
creativity.
5.Now as a Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China
______ can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times.
6.It also raises questions about ______ European governments are doing enough to keep up and
care for such buildings.
7.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and hopefully with time，the person
won't be able to remember ______ he is supposed to forget.
8.While it’s wonderful for people ______ Want to see what these museums offer and teach them,
it’s not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms of Funding.
9.If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes______ the piano
that accompanies her for more than a decade looks like.
10.Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. ______ he asked the villagers on the
banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed
down the river.
11.______most kids were going to the movies on weekends, George preferred to design his own
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12.George got excellent grades and was admitted into both Harvard and Yale, but he decided to go
to Stanford ______ there were many opportunities for people that wanted to work in Silicon
Valley.
13.It marked the successful conclusion of China’s current three-step lunar exploration program of
orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, ______ began in 2004.
14.I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, ______ is left isn’t enough for my
designs.
15.______he wants to convey, the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese to
produce a couplet with several characters that is excellent in both content and language.
16.But the good news is______ some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma.
17.But it's not the fact_______0nly people with bad handwriting are attracted to the medical field.
18.The tables quickly turned for an 89-year-old pizza delivery driver ______ received a surprise
delivery of his own from "regulars".
19.A car crash left Ian, a six-year-old boy, with brain damage. ______ he had loved surfing before
the accident, he was too nervous to go back into the water.
20.The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, ______
are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds even outside the reserve.
21.As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and
tongues are dry, ______ can cause colds or coughs.
22.Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, ______in turn can lower joint
pain and help to protect us from injury.
23.Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language flexibly so that you are
perceived to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people ______ are foreign to you!
24.In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in
Kazan, Russia, ______is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the
world, organized every second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the
skills and promote career of youth.
25.Tai Chi Chuan, ______is famous as a kind of martial art, has been practiced China for
centuries.
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