文档内容
专题 11 名词性从句
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
名词性从句是高考的热点,对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容:掌握主语从句、
宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法,了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应
该掌握名词性从句的基本用法;一些易混引导词的辨析;句子的语序、否定前移;名词性
从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。
复习建议
1. 掌握宾语从句的用法;
2. 了解同位语从句的用法;
3. 掌握表语从句的用法;
4. 掌握主语从句的用法;
5. 如何正确选择引导词。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司考点导航
考点01 名词性从句连接词的用法
名词性从句的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if,
连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,
连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
1.that的用法。
(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
(2)一般情况下,宾语从句中的引导词that可省略,但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略:
①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时;
②有多个that引导的从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that常不可省略;
③介词except,but,besides,in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时;
④当when,who,what,where,why,how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动
词的并列宾语时。
(3)that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不担当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而 what
引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的
"先行词+关系代词",即常说的"先行词+that"。
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从
句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语,与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子
是同位语从句,就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词
后解释说明名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news,fact,suggestion,truth,plan,
belief,doubt,possibility,idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
2.whether和if的用法。
It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司(4)whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if则不能。
(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if
不能。
(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。
(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示"不管"、"无论",而if不能。
3.疑问词+ever和no matter+疑问词的区别。
(1)疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
(2)疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。
(3)no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从
句,否则则为同位语从句。
5.名词性从句中that不宜省略的几种情况
宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略,但在以下情况时,that不宜省略。
(1)当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时,引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。如:
(2)当that前面有插入语时,that不宜省略。如:
(3)省略答语中,that宾语从句单独出现时,that不可省略。如:
(4)当主句的状语部分位于that 宾语从句之前时,that不宜省略。如:
(如省略that,at once也可能修饰从句,是表示"立刻意识到……",还是表示"立刻去处
理……",较为含糊)
(5) 当that 宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时,that不宜省略。如:
(6)当that 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that一般不宜省略。如:
(7)当为了强调而把that引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不可省略。如:
(8)当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时,其宾语that从句中的 that 不宜省略。如:
(9)当that 宾语从句前有 it作其形式宾语时,that不可省略。如:
(10)当引导同位语从句时,that一般不可省略,尤其当that与先行词处于分割情况时。
如:
(11)当that 宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或是主语从句时,that不可省略。如:
考点02 主语从句
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用 it作形式主语而把主语从句置
于句尾。
2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省;what引导的主语从句表示"……的
东西"时,一般不用it作形式主语;whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主
语。
注意:(1)在"It is necessary/important/strange/natural...+that从句"结构中,从句谓语常用
"(should+)动词原形"形式。
【拓展延伸】主语从句的引导词
引导词 作用 引导词 作用
that 无词义,在从句中不充当成分,但不能省略 how 多么,怎样,作方式状语或程度状语
who 谁,作主语、宾语 when 何时,作时间状语
whom 谁,作宾语 where 在哪儿,作地点状语
what 什么,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 why 为什么,作原因状语
which 哪一个,哪些,作主语、宾语、定语 whether 是否
【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的
主语置后。if"是否",不可直接引导主语从句(用it作形式主语时可以) 。
3. 主语从句的特殊用法
(1)主语从句与定语从句的转换
(2)几个特殊句型之间的转换
考点03宾语从句
【难点梳理】
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有:
连接词:that,whether,if等
连接代词:what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等
连接副词:when,where,why,how等
1. 连接词that,whether,if引导
注意:
whether/if都意为"是否"。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用 if,但以下情况中,
只能用whether。
(1)与or not紧接连用时。
(2)作介词的宾语从句时。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司2. 连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等引导
3. 连接副词when,where,why,how等引导
4. 宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
5. 宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时
态。
(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
注意:在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点:
①动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾
语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。
②hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted等表示"喜欢;痛恨;认为"的动词
或动词短语和see to表示"注意,留意"后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将宾
语从句后置。
③介词后的宾语从句。
④宾语从句的否定转移。将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词
后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用
肯定式。
【巧学妙记】
宾语从句的用法速记口诀
宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;
特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;
主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
考点04表语从句
引导表语从句的连接词主要有:
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司连接词:that,whether
连接代词:who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever whomever,whichever,
whatever
连接副词:when,where,how,why
1. 连接词引导
2. 连接代词和连接副词引导
注意:
(1)as/as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面,如 seem,appear,
look,taste,sound,feel等。
(2)当主句的主语是reason时,表语从句一般由that引导,这种用法常见于句型The
reason why... is that...
考点05同位语从句
1. 同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从
句常跟在名词idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名词之后;
2. 连接词that不能省略,无意义无成分;
3. 用whether而不用if引导同位语从句;
4. 连接代词who(m), which, what,whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;
5. 连接副词where, when, why, how在从句作状语。
6.分割式同位语从句:同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开:(谓语较短,同
位语从句较长)。
7.若被同位语从句说明的名词是:advice, suggestion, proposal(建议), demand, request,
requirement, order(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时,同位语从句的谓语用"(should)
+do"。
8.区别由that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句:
①定语从句中的that是代词,可在从句中作主、宾、表;同位语从句中的 that是连词,
无成分无意义;
②定语从句——说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系;
同位语从句——对名词即先行词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现。
③在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子,如果合乎逻辑,句子通顺,则是同位
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司语从句,定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。
【题型分析】
1.The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever
C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。
分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
2. Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever
C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,________ makes the most beautiful kite作主
语,且所填词指人,既作从句的主语又作主句的主语,所以选 whoever(whomever不能作
主语)。句意:每年, 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。
3.It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查主语从句。本句中 it是形式主语,真正的主语是连接词 that引导的主语从
句,连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已,不能省略。连接副词
why要在句中作状语,连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等;as通常不引导名
词性从句。句意:对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。
4. She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
A. when B. where
C. whether D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。根据“…I admitted that I hadn't.”可知书还没还给图书馆,因此此
处问的是是否(whether)已经还了。故选C项。句意:她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司馆,我承认没还。
5. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表
方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句,
结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
6. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【答案】 B
【试题解析】 考查表语从句。句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的
困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用
that,that只起引导作用,故选B。
7. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better
than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that
B. C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】 句意:最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念,那就是在运动场上你比任
何人都强。分析句子结构可知" you are better than anyone else on the sports field"是
同位语从句,对belief进行解释说明,从句不缺句子成分,故用连接词that引导,答案为
B。
8.News came from the school office ______ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.
A. which B. that
C. what D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句,谓语came较短,同位语从句较
长,名词和同位语从句被from the school office 分开,that 引导同位语从句Wang Lin had
been admitted to Beijing University解释news的内容,在句中起引导作用,没有具体的意
思。故选B。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
Over the years, I've been guilty of hurriedly shutting the front door to many strangers when
they came to my home knocking with the intention of selling things. I hated it when they tried
their best to persuade me to buy the things they promoted. But earlier this year, around Easter
time, a dear friend of mine, Linda, had an experience that changed my mind and attitude towards
these "intruders".
Last winter, Linda went through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. So she quit
her job and left Los Angeles, where she encountered her ex-husband in college. She flew to
Boston on the east coast of the US. Later, she settled in a new neighborhood in East Boston.
However, shortly afterwards, the company where she worked went bankrupt(破产). Suffering a
series of bitter blows. she fell ill, a severe case of flu. She had to stay at home for the whole week,
feeling extremely bad and hopeless.
Early one morning, Linda lay in bed, feeling painful all over. Then all of a sudden, there was
an upsetting knock on her front door. Struggling out of the bed, she dragged herself to the window.
There, outside, she saw a young lady carefully holding some leaflets(传单)and a TV set model.
She knew of a large TV set establishment nearby and assumed a message was about to be gently
delivered. "This is the last thing I need today." She muttered to herself and hesitantly opened the
door.
Coughing bitterly, Linda stuck her head out. "Excuse me, madam…" the young lady said
with a smile. "I'm sorry but I am not the slightest bit interested in any TV whatever." Linda
interrupted her impatiently. "As a matter of fact, I am feeling terribly awful." "Is there anything I
can do for you, madam?" the young lady asked with concern. "No thanks, just leave me alone."
Linda then shut the door in her face. The young lady politely turned and left in silence.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
Paragraph 1:
A few hours later, another knock.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________
Paragraph 2:
Linda was surprised by this lovely action.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________
【答案】One possible version:
A few hours later, another knock. Linda glanced out of the window and to her surprise, there
at the door was the same lady, back again. Really annoyed this time, Linda opened the door but
before she could speak, with a concerned look on her face, the young lady handed Linda a warm
pot, saying, "I'm so sorry I disturbed you earlier. I thought you may like this homemade chicken
soup. Hopefully it might make you feel a little better. "(74)
Linda was surprised by this lovely action. Being new to the area, she didn't know any
neighbors, so the gesture was all the more appreciated. She could only smile embarrassedly and
sincerely thanked her. With that, the lady left. After she related this story to me, I thought about
how touching this deed really was. Especially in today's world where, sadly, kindness and
thoughtfulness seen so rare. I also realized that thinking about others and showing kindness is the
real meaning of love.(76)
【解析】
本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者讨厌那些上门推销产品的人,然而通过作者的朋友琳
达在复活节的一次经历之后,改变了作者对这些“入侵者”的看法和态度。朋友琳达在经
历过离婚之后,独自定居到东波士顿的一个新社区。一天早晨,在她生病时,一位手持传
单和电视模型的女士敲她的门。琳达剧烈地咳嗽着,犹豫地打开门,告诉女士她不需要推
销的东西。之后女士默默的离开了。
1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“几小时后,又有人敲门。”可知,第一段可描写琳达发现敲门的人
还是那位女士,她给琳达带了鸡汤。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司②由第二段首句内容“琳达被这个可爱的动作吓了一跳。”可知,第二段可描写琳达对自
己之前的行为感到尴尬的同时,对于女士的热情帮助表示感激。
2.续写线索:
敲门——生气——道歉——带着鸡汤——惊讶——愧疚——感谢——我的改变
1. Li is not without criticism. Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable
______ she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.
【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句。有些人表示怀疑,因为在野外工作了一天之后,她看起来如此完
美,这令人难以置信。此处是一个主语从句,it为形式主语,真正的主语为空格处引导的
从句,从句不缺成分,且意义完整,故应用that。故填that。
2. It has been proved ______ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious
illness in later life.
【答案】that
【解析】考查连接词。句意:已经证实,儿童时期食用蔬菜有助于保护你免受后期生活中重
大疾病的侵扰。分析句子可知, it是形式主语,而proved后面的从句才是该句的真正主语,
即为主语从句,且从句语义和结构都完整,故用连接词that,故填that。
3.What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。
这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
4.I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that
suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African
Republic.
【答案】which/who
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定哪一个更害怕,我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩
猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择,所以用which或者who”
5.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the
Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为 there be句型,且结构完整,
空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】where改为when
【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在
我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语,而是时间状语。故
把where改为when。
检测训练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had
said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这
个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句
中作said的宾语,表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
2.Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered
from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的
猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主
语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
3.It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor
quality.
A. what B. how C. whether D. which
【答案】A
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:目前还不清楚当地政府将如何处理这些质量差的建筑。
分析句子,在形式主语中,真正的主语部分缺“will do”的宾语。名词性从句,若从句部分
缺主语。则引导词用“连接代词”。又因句意缺“什么”之意。故选A项。
4.— The designers are over the moon. What’s up?
—They’ve reached an agreement on __________ the bonuses are to be divided later.
A. why B. how C. where D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——这些设计者们兴高采烈的。怎么了?——他们刚刚就
奖金怎么分配达成了一致。分析句子可知,空白处与其后句子一起作介词on的宾语,属于
宾语从句,空白处需要引导词,其中句子成分完整,结合句意考虑用连接副词how作方式
状语,表示“如何”。故选B项。
【点睛】
宾语从句连接词的判断是一个重要考点,一般分为三种类型:1.由that引导,that在句中无
实意,只起连接作用,其后接一般的陈述句;2.由whether,if引导,在句中表示“是
否”,其后句子可以还原成一般疑问句;3.由wh-系列的连接副词和连接代词引导,这些词
在句中都要担任一定的成分,连接代词担任主、宾、表等成分,连接副词则担任状语。在
具体题目中进行选择时,首先判断宾语从句中是否缺少成分,该小题中就可以看到不缺
主、宾、表等成分,结合选项是缺少状语,这时就可以结合句意进行排除选择,从而得出
正确答案。
5.______ makes our school famous is ______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted
to universities.
A.What; that B.Which; because C.That; what D.What; because
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:使我们学校出名的是,超过90%的学生都被大学录取
了。分析可知,句子为“主系表”结构,分别用主语从句和表语从句做相应的句子成分,
主语从句中缺主语且表示“什么”的含义,所以用what引导;表语从句中引导词在句中不
做任何成分,没有实际意义,所以用that引导。故选A项。
6.once-great cities fell into ruins.
A.What B.Why C.Whether D.That
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:玛雅文明为何崩溃至今仍是个谜。曾经伟大的城市变成
了废墟。分析句子结构可知,本句为主语从句,从句缺少原因状语,所以用连接词why引
导。故选B。
7.People may think that dinosaurs were big, green with hard skin covering their bodies. But in
fact, it seems that dinosaurs appeared very different from________ we think.
A.which B.that C.who D.what
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:人们可能认为恐龙体型巨大,呈绿色,身体覆盖着坚硬的
皮肤。但事实上,恐龙似乎和我们想象的很不一样。在宾语从句“we think”中缺少think的
宾语,且是指对恐龙的想象,所以应用what引导。故选D。
8.Air pollution is a big problem. I wonder ______ we can do about it.
A.whether B.what C.how D.that
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:空气污染是个大问题。我想知道我们能做些什么。
分析句子成分可知,“______ we can do about it”为宾语从句,该从句中缺少动词do的宾
语,意为“什么”,所给选项中,“whether(是否)”、“how(如何)”和“that(无意义)”均不
能充当此成分,且意思不符,所以排除A、C和D项,故选B。
9.________ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various
festivals and sports, ________ many students to our school.
A.It: draw B.Which: draw C.What: draws D.As: draws
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句和主谓一致。句意:众所周知,优秀的学术氛围,以及各种节日
和体育活动,吸引了很多学生来我们学校。分析句子可知,第一空引导主语从句,从句缺
少主语,指物,所以连接词what;as well as 连接两个主语,谓语动词的形式由前一个主语
决定,因此draw 的形式是由the outstanding academic atmosphere确定的,结合语境可知,
此处为一般现在时,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
10.________ students do at the college matters much more than where they travel.
A.Which B.Where C.What D.When
【答案】C
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司【解析】考查主语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么比他们去哪里旅行更重要。空处引导
主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“什么”应用what引导。故选C。
11.Believe it or not, your parents have experienced ________you have experienced as children
and teenagers.
A.how B.which C.what D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:信不信由你,你的父母经历过你童年和青少年时期的经
历。分析句子结构,谓语动词have experienced后面为宾语从句,空处引导宾语从句,从句
缺少宾语,需用连接代词what引导。故选C。
12.More than 100 students have entered for the competition, and________ gains the most points
will be the winner.
A.anyone B.the one C.who D.whoever
【答案】D
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:有100多名学生参加了这次比赛,任何得分最多的人就是
获胜者。空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“无论谁,任何人”应用whoever。
故选D。
13.It’s unwise to leave________ can be life’s most important decision—future career—entirely to
luck.
A.which B.that C.what D.how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:把人生中最重要的决定——未来的职业生涯——完全留给
运气是不明智的。分析句子结构,“_______ can be life’s most important decision”位于动词
leave后面,为宾语从句,从句缺少主语,需用连接代词what引导。故选C。
14.Jenny has got________ it takes to be a good actress. In other words, she has the potential to
become famous.
A.what B.when C.that D.how
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:珍妮具有一名好演员所需要的品质。换句话说,她有成
名的潜力。A.what连接代词,表示“什么”; 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语和表语;
B.when 连接副词,表示“什么时候”;在名词性从句中作状语;C.that从属连词,在名词
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司性从句中不作成分; D.how连接副词,表示“如何”。在名词性从句中作状语。分析句子
可知,got后面接宾语从句,设空处在从句中作宾语,结合选项,选项A符合题意,故选
A。
Ⅱ、语法填空
15.Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding
Road”. ______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语
从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
16.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered
from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】what,考查宾语从句。空格处是介词on后的宾语从句,从句缺少主语,因此要用
what,意为“……的东西”。
17.Another benefit of exercise is ______it will improve your body's immune system, making
you better prepared to fight off infection.
【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:锻炼的另一个好处是它会提高你身体的免疫系统,让你更
好地对抗感染。此处为表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故应用只起连接作用的
that引导。故填that。
18.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the
Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】 此处缺引导同位语从句的连接词 that,说明evidence的具体内容,“证据表
明……”。
19.It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
【答案】that
【解析】分析句子结构可知,该句是一个主从复合句,it作形式主语,that从句为真正的主
语。
20.Have you ever wondered ______ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司calculator or computer or even pencil and paper?
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:你有没有想过,如果你没有计算器或电脑,甚至没有铅
笔和纸,你会做什么来解决数学问题?______ you would do to solve math problems 为宾语
从句,从句中do后缺少宾语,表示“什么 ”,故填what。
21.Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to
the club and ______ “ his quick adaptation to La Liga (西甲) has surprised many people”.
【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:西班牙体育报纸《马卡报》指出,吴回应了那些质疑他转
会的人,并称“他对西甲的快速适应让很多人感到惊讶”。此处引导宾语从句,从句句意
完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
22.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and
can give us insight into ______ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great
creativity.
【答案】how
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意见上一题。根据空格前的介词into可知,此处为宾语从句。
在宾语从句中,句子不缺成分,表“如何”含义,所以用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故
填how。
23.______ I like the most are the traditional wet markets, restaurants offering various dishes and
the numerous cultural activities that are available there.
【答案】What
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:我最喜欢的是传统的菜市场,提供各种各样菜肴的餐馆
和众多的文化活动。分析可知,该句为主语从句做主语,从句缺宾语,表示“我最喜欢的
是”,因此用what引导,句首字母需大写。故填What。
24.It also raises questions about ______ European governments are doing enough to keep up and
care for such buildings.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:这也引发了一些问题,即欧洲各国政府是否有足够
的努力来维持和维护这些建筑。空格处引导宾语从句,作介词 about的宾语,根据句意,
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司空格处句子成分齐全,由上文的 question 可知,用 whether“是否”符合题意,故填
whether。
25.The ideal nap depends on______ you want from that nap.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中缺少want的宾语,所以用what引导。故填what。
26.The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling ______they helped
people in need.
【答案】that
【解析】考查连接词。句意同上。此处为同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故应用 that。
故填that。
27.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and hopefully with time,the person
won't be able to remember ______ he is supposed to forget.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作动词
forget的宾语,故用what导该宾语从句,表示随着时间流逝,这个人就不会记得他应当忘
记的事情了。故填what。
28.There will be challenges ahead, however, which is ______we are fully preparing for all
possibilities.
【答案】why
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:然而,前方会有挑战,这就是为什么我们正为各种可能
性做好充分准备。表语从句中,缺少原因状语,所以用连接副词why。故填why。
29.If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes______ the
piano that accompanies her for more than a decade looks like.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:熊小姐说,如果她能有三天的视力,她想亲眼看看陪伴她
十多年的钢琴是什么样子的。宾语从句中缺少介词like的宾语,且是指物。故填what。
30.I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, ______ is left isn’t enough for my
designs.
【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:首先我必须移除所有腐烂的部分,有时,剩下的部分不足
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司以满足我的设计。此处为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指事物应用what引导。故填what。
31.______we feed our bodies feeds our eyes.
【答案】What
【解析】考查连词。句意:我们喂给身体的东西喂给眼睛。本句为主语从句,从句中缺少
宾语,且指代“东西”,故填What。
32.The ideal nap depends on ______ you want from that nap.
【答案】What
【解析】考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中缺少want的宾语,所以用what引导。故填what。
33.Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are ______you eat!
【答案】what
【解析】考查连词。句意:一定要有一个强烈的意识,你吃什么就是什么!本句为表语从
句,引导词在从句中作eat的宾语,表示“你吃的东西”,故填what。
34.But it's not the fact_______0nly people with bad handwriting are attracted to the medical field.
【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:但这并不是说只有书写不好的人才会被医学领域所吸
引。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解释说明 fact的具体内容,从句中不缺
少成分且意义完整,故用that引导。故填that。
35.I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldn’t imagine______it is like to
lose your home and everything that you know and the powerful effect the hurricane had on those
people.
【答案】what
【解析】考查连接词。句意:我无法想象失去你的家和你所知道的一切是什么样子,也无
法想象飓风对那些人的强大影响。此处为宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,结合句意可知应用
what。故填what。
Ⅲ、完形填空
Yungang Grottoes (石窟) in Datong, Shanxi Province, are a world cultural heritage (遗产)
site with a history that 1 . (go) back more than 1,500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grottoes and
more than 200 small grottoes, roughly 59,000 figures of the Buddha, 2 . (be) a priceless treasure
of human culture.
3 . because of the effects of climate change and natural disasters, the grottoes face damage
1
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司year after year. Thanks to 4 . (advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating”
(复制) the Yungang Grottoes in an attempt to preserve the precious cultural relics (遗物).
Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers 5 . (digital) record the shapes, colors
and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce 6 . by using 3D printing technology.
The new technology could enable more people 7 . (access) the cultural relics despite the
distance. In June, 2020, the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang
Grottoes Research Institute together “copied and pasted” Cave No. 12 of the Yungang Grottoes for
an 8 . (exhibit) in Hangzhou, in which is the world’s first 3D-printed 1:1 “copy” of a grotto.
These Yungang 9 . (researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve
cultural heritage. It is hoped 10 . the new digitalized technologies will facilitate the “rebirth” of the
cultural relics, and bring them to more places worldwide.
【答案】1.goes2.are3.But 4.advanced5.digitally6.them7.to access8.exhibition9.
researchers’
10.that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。山西大同云冈石窟是世界文化遗产,距今已有1500多年的历
史。文章主要介绍研究人员使用数字技术复制云冈石窟,希望保存这些遗产。
1.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:山西大同的云冈石窟是世界文化遗产,可追溯至
1500多年前。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时,且定语从句修饰先行词history,从句中谓
语动词与先行词保持一致,应用第三人称单数形式。故填goes。
2.考查主谓一致。句意:云冈的45个大石窟和200多个小石窟中,大约有5.9万尊佛像,
是人类文化中无价的财富。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为“45 big grottoes and
more than 200 small grottoes”,谓语动词用复数。故填are。
3.考查连词。句意:但是由于气候变化和自然灾难的影响,石窟一年年地面临着破坏。上
文提到石窟的价值,结合空后“石窟一年年地面临着破坏”可知,上下文是转折关系,应
用but,句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。
4.考查形容词。句意:由于先进的数字技术,研究人员正忙于“复制”云冈石窟,试图保
护珍贵的文物。修饰后文名词短语digital technology,应用形容词advanced,作定语。故填
advanced。
5.考查副词。句意:利用3D激光扫描技术,研究人员将石窟的形状、颜色和其他细节数
2
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司字记录下来,然后使用3D打印技术进行复制。修饰后文动词record应用副词digitally,作
状语。故填digitally。
6.考查代词。句意:利用3D激光扫描技术,研究人员将石窟的形状、颜色和其他细节数
字记录下来,然后使用3D打印技术进行复制。此处指对上文提到的“shapes, colors and
other fine details of the grottoes”进行复制,作宾语,应用代词them。故填them。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:这项新技术可以让更多的人在距离遥远的情况下接触到文物。
结合句意表示“让某人能够做某事”可知短语为enable sb. to do sth.。故填to access。
8.考查名词。句意:2020年6月,浙江大学文物研究所和云冈石窟研究所在杭州的一个
展览会上共同“复制粘贴”了云冈石窟第12窟,这是世界上第一个3D打印一比一“复
制”的石窟。空处作宾语,表示“展览”应用名词exhibition,冠词an提示应用单数。故
填exhibition。
9.考查名词的数和所有格。句意:云冈研究人员的尝试是科技帮助保护文化遗产的一个很
好的例子。根据上文these可知researcher应用复数,且与后文名词attempt构成所属关系,
故应用名词所有格researchers’。故填researchers’。
10.考查固定句型。句意:人们希望新的数字化技术能够促进文物的“重生”,并将其带
到世界更多地方。结合句意表示“人们希望……”句型为it is hoped that…,it作形式主
语,that从句为真正主语。故填that。
Ⅲ、作文
最近,一位叫“何同学”的大学生用英语采访苹果CEO蒂姆•库克(Tim Cook)的视频火
了,其中他流利的英语和自信的态度给大家留下了深刻印象。假如你是李华,请给“何同
学” (Mr. He)写一封英文求助信,希望他能推荐一些英语口语的高效训练方法。
内容:
1.视频对年轻人的影响:
2.求助的内容;
3.表示感谢。
注意;
1.写作词数为80左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
Dear Mr. He,
2
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司How is everything going?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. He,
How is everything going? I am Li Hua, a high school student and also one of your
admirers/fans. Needless to say, I am deeply impressed by your wonderful performance in the
virtual interview with Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple. So fluent is your oral English that together
with your confident gestures, you have really set a good example for the young generation.
Therefore, I was wondering if you could bother to share some effective approaches with me to
improving my spoken English as well as building up my self-confidence when communicating
with foreigners? It would be better if you could elaborate why you recommend them and how to
efficiently use them. I'd be more than grateful if you could offer some constructive suggestions.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求考生给何同学写一封求助信,希望对方能推荐一些英语口
语的高效训练方法。
第一步:审题
体裁:应用文
时态:根据提示,时态主要为一般现在时,少量过去进行时。
结构:总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说,把支持句作为分说,并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求:
1. 说明视频对于年轻人的影响;
2. 描述求助内容;
2
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司3. 表示感谢。
第二步:列提纲 (重点词组)
Needless to say; be deeply impressed by; in the virtual interview; together with your confident
gestures; set a good example for; bother to do; share some effective approaches with me; as well
as; build up my self-confidence; more than grateful; offer some constructive suggestions; look
forward to
第三步:连词成句(包含关键句,至少3句)
1.I am Li Hua, a high school student and also one of your admirers/fans.
2.Needless to say, I am deeply impressed by your wonderful performance in the virtual interview
with Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple.
3.So fluent is your oral English that together with your confident gestures, you have really set a
good example for the young generation.
4.Therefore, I was wondering if you could bother to share some effective approaches with me to
improving my spoken English as well as building up my self-confidence when communicating
with foreigners?
5.It would be better if you could elaborate why you recommend them and how to efficiently use
them.
6.Looking forward to your early reply.
根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步:连句成篇(衔接词)
1.表并列补充关系:as well as
2.表因果关系:Therefore
连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]So fluent is your oral English that together with your confident gestures, you have
really set a good example for the young generation. (So开头的表语前置倒装)
[高分句型2] It would be better if you could elaborate why you recommend them and how to
efficiently use them. (虚拟语气和宾语从句)
2
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