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专题 04 介词
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考
生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，注重对介词
固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词
的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用
法。
从题型上来说，对介词的考查点主要是语法填空，对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介
词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。语法填
空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词，设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。
复习建议
1. 掌握主要介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；
2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；
3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
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考点01介词的分类
分类 特点 例词
简单介 about, across, after, against, among, around,
即一个介词
词 at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
合成介 由两个介词构成合成 into, onto, throughout, upon, within
词 词
短语介 according to, because of, instead of, up to,
由短语构成
词 due to, owing to, thanks to等等。
双重介 from among, from behind, from under, till
由两个介词搭配而成
词 after, in between等等。
分词介 considering( 就 … … 而 论 ), including ，
由现在分词转化而来
词 regarding，concerning等。
兼类介 由形容词直接转化而 like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
词 来
考点03介词短语的功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句
中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功 例 句
能
作定语 They didn’t find the solution to the problem.
We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）
作状语
What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）
作表语 When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.
作宾语补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition.
考点03常考介词的辨析
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据
近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别
表示的 介词 区 别 例
概念 （短语）
at 在 一 个 时 间 点
①at 8 o’clock, at noon
in 上；
②in the 1990s, in January
on in 在一段的时间之
内； ③on Monday, on a warm
at
morning
on在具体日子。
since 指从过去到现
①We have not seen each other
在的一段时间，和完成
since since 1995.
时连用；
from ②I hope to do morning
from 指从时间的某
exercises from today.
一点开始。
in 指在一段时间之
①We’ll be back in three days.
后，也可以指一段时间
in, 之内=within； ②After seven the rain began to
fall.
after after 表示某一具体
时间 ③What shall we do after
时间点之后或用在过去
graduation?
时的一段时间中。
in the end 作＂最后
＂、＂终于＂解，单独
作句子成分，后不接介
①In the end they reached a
词of；at the end of 表示 place of safety.
in the ＂在……末梢＂，＂
end 到……尽头＂，既可指 ②At the end of the road stands
a beautiful garden.
时间，也可以指地上或
at the
end of 物体，不可单独使用； ③They decided to have an
by the end of 作 English evening at the end of this
by the
week.
＂在……结束时
end of
＂， ④By the end of last month he
had finished the novel.
＂到……末为止＂
解，只能指时间。不可
单独使用。
一般说来，between ①You are to sit between your
between father and me.
表示两者之间，among
among 用于三者或三者以上的 ②He is always happy among
中间。 his classmates.
①Agreements were made
between the
位置 注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上
的人或东西， different countries.
强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在 ②The little valley lies between
谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视 high
为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别
mountains.
时，就用between。
③They don’t know the
difference between wheat, rice and
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in 表示在某范围 ①Changchun is in the northeast
in 内； of China.
on on指与什么毗邻； ②Mongolia is on the north of
China.
to to 指在某环境范围
之外。 ③Japan is to the east of China.
①There is a book on the piece of
paper. ②There is an interesting article
on
on只表示在某物的
in the
表面上，而用in表示占
in
去某物一部分。 newspaper.
③ He dug a hole in the wall.
in 通常表示位置
in （静态）； ①We walked in the park.
into into 表示动向，不 ②We walked into the park.
表示目的地或位置。
through表示从内部
through 通过，与 in 有关； ①Water flows through the pipe.
across 则表示从一端至 ②The old man walked across the
across
另一端在表面上的通 street.
过，与on有关。
in the corner 表示在
in the 角落里，in 指角的内 ①The lamp stands in the
corner 面；on the corner表示＂ corner of the room.
在角上＂，on指的不是
on the ②I met with him at the street
内面，也不是外面，而
corner corner.
含内外兼有之意；at the
at the corner 指 ＂ 在 拐 角 处 ③He sat on the corner of the
corner ＂，at指的是拐角外附 table.
近的外面。
besides 指 ＂ 除
了……还有，再加上
＂；except 指＂除了，
①All went out besides me.
besides 减去什么＂，不能放在
except 句首。but 与 except 意 ②All went out except me.
除了 but 思 了… 近 … 似 外＂ ， 经 表 常 示 用在 ＂ n 除 o, anyth ③ in I g b n u e t v t e h r e n s e a w w sp a h p im er. reading
except all, nobody, anywhere,
for everything等和其他疑问
④His diary is good except for
a few spelling mistakes.
词后面。except for表示
＂如无……就，只是＂
表明理由细节。
表示的 例
构成
概念
动作 at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at war交战
（表进行概
at+名词
at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公
念、表被动
at play 在玩耍
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司的关系） at rest 在 休 息 school 在 上
学 at press正在排印
at church在做礼拜
beyond belief难以置信 beyond control不听管
教。
beyond+
beyond compare无可比拟 beyond description难以形
名词
容
beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion无可怀疑
in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在
运转
in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 in use 开始
使用
in sight看得见 in store贮藏着
in+名词
in course of construction正在兴建当中。
或in
+名词+of+名 in (good) repair维修良好的
词
in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
in charge of 负责
in the charge of 由……负责
in possession of 拥有
in the possession of 被……拥有
on business办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在
休假
on watch值班 on duty值勤/日
on guard在值勤 on strike在罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on+名词
on the march在行军 on trial在试用
on the air在广播 on fire在燃烧
on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开
on show/display/ exhibition在展出
under control在控制之中 under discussion在讨论
underdevelopment在发展中 under observation在观
察中
under test在被测试 under construction在建
under+ 设中
名词
under fire 在炮火中 under
examination在检查/调查中
under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中
under arrest被逮捕 under attack受到袭击
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司under medical treatment在治疗中 under study在研究中
against one’s opinion反对某人的见解
for one’s opinion同意某人的见解
above reproach无可指责，无可非议
其他 above suspicion不受怀疑
above criticism无可指责
at the mercy of在……支配下；任由……摆布
for sale供出售 for rent供出租 within sight看得见
1. 分析具体语境，注意介词含义
常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。
2. 积累介词用法，注意一词多义
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的
空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时，
要注意整理、积累，逐一学会每个介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境
灵活选用介词。
3. 体会英语本义，注意固定搭配
复习时，要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语
中一些介词的搭配是固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。
4. 分类归纳短语，构建知识网络
动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。在备考过程中要注意
对动词词组进行归纳、比较。做题时，一方面要揣测命题人的意图，分析句子结构，正确
理解句子的意思；另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思，并且能区别相似词组的意思，从
而填出答案。
【题型分析】
1.Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
2.Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)
around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high)
than they actually are.
3.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.
4.Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
1.After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless the
oil was hot.
2. At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years...
3. It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
4.They often get up early and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some
gardening tools.
1.For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of
C．at the mercy of D．on the side of
2. The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great
deserts.
A. on, across, through B. over, through, through
C. over, through, across D. on, in, across
3.Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went
___________.
A．at first B．after all C．above all D．at random
4.These comments came ______________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
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5．Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A．in effect B．in command C．in turn D．in shape
6．________ your generous help, I do believe I have a better understanding of your country
and culture.
A．But for B．Out of
C．Thanks to D．As to
检测训练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1．Under-achieving children have set up emotional barriers to education and, ______
demands by adults, these barriers become even harder to overcome.
A．in response to B．in relation to C．in contrast to D．in addition to
2．—How do you study English?
—I study English talking with foreign students.
A．by B．on C．at D．up
3． _____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment.
A．Since B．For C．As D．With
4．It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas still leads a simple life _______ his great wealth.
A．though B．despite C．thanks to D．even if
5．Many people are _______ the new policy.
A．in favor of B．in honor of C．in search of D．in case of
6．One should apologize ______ his taking the wrong glass at the party .
A．to B．on C．for D．of
7．______ the heavy rain, they continued to walk.
A．Thanks to B．Despite C．Though D．Due to
8．_____________ should we allow Taiwan to break away from mainland China.
A．At one time B．At no time C．In no time D．From time to time
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A．to keep company B．on company
C．with company D．for company
10．Mrs. Smith rewarded the boy________$10________ bringing back the lost dog.
A．at; of B．with; for C．for; with D．for; for
Ⅱ、语法填空
11.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ______ earth, Mother Nature.
12.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types ______ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must
meet the following principles:
13.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ______ 2.1 in
women and men.
14.The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep
craters (环形山), more so ______ the familiar near side.
15.Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.
16.Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they
lived______ , through agriculture.
17.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to
retire ______ her 36-year-old business.
18.The Chinese calculator’s name is “suanpan”, but it is known ______ “abacus” in English.
Invented by Liu Hong, abacus is one of the symbols of Chinese people’s wisdom dating back to
the 12th century.
19.______ Xiongan aiming to become a "smart, green and residents-friendly" city that faces
the future, the Xiongan Railway Station, the landmark of the area, resembles a model for such a
future.
20.While it is deeply rooted in Chinese culture, Shanghai has also moved ______the times
and become a modern metropolis From doing sports and running on Bund to traditional Chinese
art or modern Western art museums, every activity is feasible in Shanghai.
21.As the 37 ． (three) solar term in the lunar year, its name suggests the fact that animals
sleeping in winter are awakened 39 ． spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to
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22.The study's Danish researchers are convinced that choosing this kind of physical activity
can reward us______ 5 to 6 more years of life!
23.Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6,
said her idol was Beethoven, who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led
both of them to establish a connection with the outside world ______music.
Ⅲ、短文改错
24. I lent to her some money in order that she could go for a holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________
25. The biggest problem was in that almost all communication systems were destroyed.
_________________________________________________________________________
26. It was very kind for them to invite me to visit their country.
_________________________________________________________________________
27. The boy wanted to join in the army but was turned down because he was under age.
_________________________________________________________________________
28. I just couldn’t laugh to his jokes the way I used to.
_________________________________________________________________________
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