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题型突破 05 完形填空之命题透视
（核心考点精讲精练）
【近年真题考点分布】
年份 完形填空
2023上海春考 名词4；动词5；形3；副2；词组1；其中句内理解6；句组理解5；句际理解4
2022上海春考 名词4；动词5；形4；副0；词组2；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3
2021上海春考 名词6；动词4；形3；副1；词组1；其中句内理解7；句组理解6；句际理解2
2020上海春考 名词6；动词3；形1；副2；词组3；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3
完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、
副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、
商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】 五大方法速判句内层次题
解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题
目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
1．利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个
技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
（2024·上海松江·统考二模）
Digitising historical documents brings huge benefits—files can be ___23___ and distributed, reducing the risk of
their entire loss through physical damage caused by fire or flooding. And developing digital versions reduces ___24___
on the original items.
24. A. fight or flight B. life or death C. wear and tear D. awe and wonder
2．利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积
极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化
复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
（2024·上海宝山·统考二模）
These include media jobs, such as writing advertisements and articles, along with many jobs in the financial
fields and even tech-related jobs such as computer programming. AI is good at ___44___ data, so financial analysts
and market research analysts may find their jobs ___45___.
44. A. searching B. providing C. analyzing D. storing
45. A. at risk B. at work C. at last D. at least
3．利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形
成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过
它推断出未知填空的答案。
（2024·上海崇明·统考二模）
Maps, number lines, shapes, artwork and other materials tend to cover elementary classroom walls. However,
too much of a good thing may end up ___41___ attention and learning in young children, according to research
published in Psychological Science.
41. A. attracting B. distracting C. holding D. paying
4.利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两
类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。（2024·上海静安·统考二模）
A popular choice, ___34___, is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support, thus creating an
orchard that requires no maintenance.
34. A. for example B. in essence C. on the other hand D. after all
5. 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和
段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
（2023·上海黄埔·统考二模）
Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and
physical activity. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially ___44___ though. “We use
language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is ___45___ working,”
44. A. beneficial B. common C. impractical D. rare
四种方法智取句组层次题
比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综
合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根
词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体
情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
（2024·上海嘉定·统考二模）
In an age when everybody is showing off nice things on social media and ____45____ to be something they’re
not, it feels somewhat revolutionary to just tell the truth about what you can’t afford.
The term was first introduced by TikTok (抖音) comedian Lukas Battle. Battle explained his concept in an
interview: simply put, loud budgeting is being ____46____ about what you do and don’t want to spend money on.
Since his video, the concept has caught on rapidly among the ........
46. A. worried B. angry C. honest D. excited
2．利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的
重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮
助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干扰做出正确的选择。
（2023·上海金山·统考二模）“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where
we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.”
Nevertheless, the impatient entrepreneur is ___51___.
51. A. delightful B. insightful C. open-minded D. optimistic
3．利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在
的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯
穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列
举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平
时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
（2024·上海闵行·统考二模）
A link in an email, ____50____, attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside
a second additional link.
50. A. in comparison B. after all C. for instance D. in particular
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
（2024·上海虹口·统考二模）
In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the
fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___41___
to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of
artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to
___42___ someone’s mind.
41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable
三种方法突破语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行
准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。不
急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类
题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。
1. 利用语义复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、
替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之
中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据
这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联
系来决定答案。（2024·上海杨浦·统考二模）
（2024年杨浦区二模）
4 Ways to Get That Vacation Feeling in Two Days
1. Get creative about ____27____ time
.......
2. Reflect on priorities
........
3. Act like a _____32_____
Decision scientist Nika Kabiri recommends doing something totally new so you can disconnect from the same
old routines _____33_____ your life. Among her favorite ideas: Drive to a part of town you’ve never been to
before, go for a stroll, and grab lunch at the first cute café you see. “The spontaneity（自发性）is what makes
experiences like this feel vacation-like,” Kabiri says.
32. A. resident B. master C. tourist D. neighbor
2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者
之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。对比结
构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句
子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的
解题线索。
（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）
....... Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that more people are turning to private (but expensive)
healthcare.
For some, however, there are ___22___. They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting to
other conventional medicine.
22. A. programs B. alternatives C. measures D. scales
3. 利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，
命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全
文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、
因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学
习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
（2024·上海奉贤·统考二模）
They were ____24____ that these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam, a type of floating
material used in various marine applications.____25____ money, all they could afford was some PVC pipes and ducttape (强力胶布).____26____, they searched the city for various spare parts, gathering whatever they could to bring
their vision to life.
26. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
【上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高三下学期开学摸底考】
AI, or deep learning, takes in massive amounts of data from a single domain and automatically learns from the
data to make specific decisions within that domain. It can automatically optimize (优化) human-given goals with
1 memory and superhuman accuracy.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings many 2 . It’s worth
taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution and the 3 that
sometimes surround the topic.
First, let’s talk about job displacement. Because AI can 4 humans at routine tasks, it is technically
capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. 5 , four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First there are creative
jobs. AI needs to be given a 6 to optimize. It cannot 7 as scientists, novelists and artists can.
Second, the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI 8 of single domain and Big Data. Then there
are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs won’t employ
as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much 9 : empathetic and compassionate
jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.
As well as job displacement. AI has the potential to 10 inequality - both between the super wealthy
and the displaced workers and also among countries. Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to reap the economic
rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to 11 job displacement.
The technology also poses serious challenges in terms of 12 . The consequences of hacking into AI -
controlled systems could be severe.
Finally, there are the issues of privacy, worsened prejudices and manipulation (操纵). Sadly we’ve already seen
13 on this front. Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at
the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.
All of these risks require governments, businesses and technologists to 14 develop a new rule book for
AI applications. And rather than compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together
to ensure this technology is used for the 15 of all.
1．A．deep B．specific C．unlimited D．accurate
2．A．doubts B．possibilities C．decisions D．challenges
3．A．misunderstanding B．underestimates C．controversies D．arguments
4．A．dismiss B．outperform C．reject D．enroll5．A．In fact B．By comparison C．In addition D．As a result
6．A．job B．goal C．risk D．topic
7．A．research B．learn C．serve D．invent
8．A．automation B．displacement C．limitation D．complication
9．A．easier B．larger C．smarter D．quicker
10．A．maintain B．remove C．multiply D．conceal
11．A．destabilize B．enhance C．relieve D．preserve
12．A．security B．control C．severity D．advancement
13．A．prejudices B．issues C．temptations D．failures
14．A．hold on B．work together C．take off D．back up
15．A．competition B．application C．rules D．good
【上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题】
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a
tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely___21___ to negative influences,and
is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means
regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of ___22___teenagers' security is
needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their ___23___the same time,
certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather
___24___, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason
for establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of
streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as
well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence ___26___this belief. For example, when New
Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20
percent.Even more impressive ___27___were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent
juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York
Times).
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of theirrights,___28___ their freedom. This opinion is ___29___ supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and
the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there
were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager
to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see
themselves as outlaws, which can ___31___ committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's
misjudged view of certain___32___may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research
conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as ___33___.
Considering this,parents should ___34___the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have
a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ___35___both
sides.
21. A. opposed B. subjected C. related D. restricted
22. A. improving B. restoring C. ensuring D. expanding
23. A. principle B. reference C. approach D. efficiency
24. A. popular B. absent C. practical D. accessible
25. A. Typical B. Evident C. Critical D. Specific
26. A. in place of B. in honor of C. in case of D. in favor of
27. A. results B. events C. patterns D. links
28. A. protecting B. acknowledging C. limiting D. liberating
29. A. officially B. logically C. particularly D. physically
30. A. By contrast B. In addition C. In conclusion D. In general
31. A. take charge of B. contribute to C. result from D. deal with
32. A. rules B. charges C. crimes D. relations
33. A. impolite B. unrealistic C. inadequate D. unfair
34. A. adopt B. allow C. avoid D. address
35. A. satisfy B. spare C. surround D. settle
（2024年杨浦区二模）
4 Ways to Get That Vacation Feeling in Two Days
Going on vacation every week? It might sound like the ____21____ dream. But a simple mindset
____22____ can make it happen—no travel involved.
A few years ago, Holmes and her colleagues began ____23____ the importance of taking vacations. In a
series of experiments, Holmes’ team ____24____ 441 U.S. workers to either spend the weekend like any other, or
treat it like a vacation. When they were back at work on Monday, people who had adopted a vacation mindset
reported being happier and less stressed.“What was somewhat surprising is that the effect wasn’t driven by people spending time all that
____25____,” Holmes says. “It was this mindset that allowed them to be more present, ____26____ being in
“doing” mode, it allowed people to settle in and be in the moment.
We asked people to share their favorite tips for adopting a vacation mindset at home.
1. Get creative about ____27____ time
Not everyone has Saturday and Sunday off work and actually some people often find their weekend schedules
fully ____28____. You could still apply the philosophy. For example, devote an hour on Sunday morning to the
____29____, but protect the rest of the weekend as your vacation time.
2. Reflect on priorities
Focus on what makes a vacation different from a _____30_____ weekend. “Does it mean turning off your
email notifications? Spending money carelessly? “Maybe it means being able to spend time with people you don’t
normally get to see, or giving yourself a break on a workout,” Holmes says. “It’s helpful to make a list of those
things and be able to _____31_____.”
3. Act like a _____32_____
Decision scientist Nika Kabiri recommends doing something totally new so you can disconnect from the same
old routines _____33_____ your life. Among her favorite ideas: Drive to a part of town you’ve never been to
,
before go for a stroll, and grab lunch at the first cute café you see. “The spontaneity（自发性）is what makes
experiences like this feel vacation-like,” Kabiri says.
4. Don’t put extra pressure on yourself
Treating your weekend like a vacation doesn’t mean it needs to be a complicated affair. If your “vacation”
encounters a few problems or lasts for only a few hours—don’t worry. “It doesn’t have to be all or nothing,” Kabiri
says. “Don’t put pressure on yourself to have this ‘perfect vacation.’” It’s _____34_____ to be fun.
_____35_____, there’s always another one just a few days away.
21. A. unattainable B. inharmonious C. incomplete D. unprofessional
22. A. study B. shift C. trend D. proposal
23. A. representing B. ranking C. exploring D. predicting
24. A. persuaded B. challenged C. motivated D. instructed
25. A. practically B. literally C. identically D. differently
26. A. In light of B. Regardless of C. In favor of D. Instead of
27. A. telling B. killing C. making D. changing
28. A. cleared B. packed C. removed D. dominated
29. A. laundry B. recreation C. movies D. picnic
30. A. regular B. dramatic C. primitive D. peaceful
31. A. identify with B. depend on C. follow through D. substitute for
32. A. resident B. master C. tourist D. neighbor
33. A. facilitating B. governing C. revealing D. polishing
34. A. proved B. defined C. described D. meant
35. A. Plus B. Hence C. Still D. Finally（2023年1月·上海真题）
For the past five years. I've been examining the pros and cons of reading on-screen versus in print. The
_______bottom line is that while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don't intend to (41 ) _______or
reread, text that requires what's been called “deep reading”is nearly always better done in print.
Readers themselves have a keen sense of what kind of reading is best suited for which (42) _______. My
survey research with university students in the United Sates, Germany. and Japan reveals that if costs are the same,
about 90 percent ( at least in my sample ) (43 )_______ hard copy for schoolwork. If a text is long, 92 percent
would choose hard copy. For (44) _______texts, it's a toss-up.
Digital reading also (45 ) _______distraction and invites multitasking. Among American and Japanese
subjects, 92 percent reported it was easiest to concentrate when reading in hard copy.(The figure for Germany was
98 percent. ) In this country.26 percent indicated they were (46)________to multitask while reading in print, compared
with 85 percent when reading on-screen. Imagine (47)_______with Finnegan's Wake while simultaneously juggling
Facebook and booking a vacation fight. You get the point.
Several open-ended questions on my survey were particularly (48 )_______. I asked what people liked most
( and least) about reading in each medium. Common (49)_______for what students liked most about reading in print
included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it's easier to focus.” When asked what
they liked least about reading (50 )_______, a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn't “real reading,”
while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don't absorb as much.”
My all-time favorite reply to the question "What is the one thing you (51 )________about reading in print?"
came from an American: "It takes me longer because I read more carefully. " Isn't careful reading what academe was
designed to promote?
Readings in the humanities tend to be lengthy, intellectually weighty, or both. The (52)_______of digital reading
for the humanities is that screens-particularly those on devices with Internet connections-undermine our encounters
with meaty texts. These (53 ) ________weren't designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue
virtually with the author,or rereading. (54 )_______, they are information and communication machines, best used
for searching and skimming-not scrutinizing.
Teachers and scholars must look beyond today's career-mindedness in talking about challenges to the humanities.
We need to think more carefully about students' mounting rejection of long-form reading , now (55 )_________ by
digital technologies that further complicate our struggle to engage students in serious text-based inquiry.
41. A. make up B.take on C.hold out D.chew over
42. A.design B. medium C. cover D. content
43.A. prefer B.refer C.offer D.transfer
44. A. lower B. higher C.shorter D. longer
45.A.disarms B.encourages C.encaves D. counteracts46.A. likely B. orderly C. deadly D. cleanly
47.A.delighting B. satisfying C. struggling D.picnicking
48. A.recommending B. indicating C.recognizing D. revealing
49.A.response B.additions C.solutions D.instruments
50. A. casually B.delicately C. digitally D. instantly
51. A.disadvantage B. dislike C.misjudge D. decolour
52. A.advance B. suspect C.pleasure D. challenge
53. A.vehicles B.services C.devices D. figures
54. A. Accordingly B. Rather C.Thus D. Therefore
55. A.qualified B.terrified C.identified D.intensified
