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考点 02 介词（原卷版）
【命题趋势】
1. 高考对介词（短语）及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化。
2. 语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的
介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
3. 语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词，设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或
副词。
【名师指导】
介词（短语）和动词短语解题技巧：
1. 分析具体语境，注意介词含义
常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。
2. 积累介词用法，注意一词多义
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的
空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时，
要注意整理、积累，逐一学会每个介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境
灵活选用介词。
3. 体会英语本义，注意固定搭配
复习时，要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语
中一些介词的搭配是固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。
4. 分类归纳短语，构建知识网络
动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。在备考过程中要注意
对动词词组进行归纳、比较。做题时，一方面要揣测命题人的意图，分析句子结构，正确
理解句子的意思；另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思，并且能区别相似词组的意思，从
而填出答案。【重要考向】
一、易混的介词；
二、常见的复合介词；
三、和介词有关的固定搭配；
易混的介 词
【典例】
【2021全国甲卷语法填空】
It was built originally to protect the city ______ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely
restored (修复).
【常用介词区别1】
表示时间的in,on,at at表示片刻的时间;in表示一段时间;on总是与日子有关
since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from指从
表示时间的since,from
时间的某一点开始
in指在一段时间之后;after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在
表示时间的in,after
过去时的一段时间中
表示地理位置的in,on,to in表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某环境范围之外
表示“在……上”的
on只表示在某物的表面上;in表示占去某物一部分
on,in
表示“穿过”的 through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across表示在表面上通
through,across 过,与on有关
表示“关于”的about,on about指涉及;on指专门论述
between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上的中间
with表示使用具体的工具;in表示使用某种材料、方式、方
表示“用”的in,with和
法、度量、单位、语言、声音;表示使用交通方式多用by,名词前
by
不加冠词,用in或on时,名词前要加冠词
as意为“作为,以……地位或身份”;like意为“像……一
as与like的区别
样”,指情形相似
in与into的区别 in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置
besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;except表示排除,
表示“除……之外”的 “除……之外”,不放在句首;but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no
介词 one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用;except for表示
“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apartfrom表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as well
as
for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等
词连用;at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……
而……”;from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;of指
表示原因的介词
“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等;with指生理上或情感上
的由外界到内心的原因;by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造
成某种结果的原因
常用介词短语
at lunch在吃午饭;at table在吃饭;at school在上学;at peace在和平时期;at
at first=at the beginning初期;at the beginning of在……的初始阶段;at the end of...
在……结束时
in a sense从某种意义上说;in common共同,共有;in place在适当的位
置;in practice在实践中,实际上;in public公开地,当众;in turn依次,轮流,反过
来;in case以免,万一;in detail详细地;in office在执政;in power当权,在执政;in
in
progress在进行中;in return作为回报;in time及时,最终;in the way挡路;in
exchange for用以交换……;in favour of同意,支持;in the meanwhile同时;in
spite of不管,不顾;in terms of就……来说;in addition to此外,除……以外
on behalf of代表;on condition that以……作为条件;on sale出售;on strike
on 在罢工;on the increase正在增加;on the go忙个不停;on the air正在广播;on the
contrary相反
under control在控制之中;under discussion在讨论中;under development
under
在发展中;under construction在建设中;under repair在修理中
for for lack of由于缺乏;for the benefit of为了……的利益;as for就……而论,关于
by by chance=by accident偶然,碰巧;by name用名字,名叫;by far到目前为止
out of order发生故障,失调;out of place不得其所的,不适当的;out of
out of control失去控制;out of one’s reach某人够不着的地方;out of the question不可
能;out of question毫无疑问
of great value=very valuable;of great help=very helpful;of great
of+抽象名词 importance=very important;of great use=very useful;of
significance=significant;of interest=interesting;of benefit=beneficial
amazement (惊奇),admiration (羡慕),annoyance (烦恼),astonishment (惊
奇),delight (欣喜),amusement (娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失
to+one’s+情
望),embarrassment(难堪),happiness(幸福),horror (恐怖),joy (高兴),puzzlement
感名词
(疑惑),relief (放心),satisfaction (满意),regret (遗憾),shame (羞愧),sorrow (悲
伤),surprise (惊讶)
【 易混的介词提分秘籍 】
1．over，above，on，beyond表示“在……上”
(1)over一般表示“在……的正上方”“在……垂直上方”，其反义词是 under；over
还可表示在被覆盖在物体的上面。如：
①He held a large umbrella over the girl.他给女孩打着一把大伞。
②He put his hand over her mouth to stop her screaming.
他伸手捂住她的嘴，不让她叫喊。
over还可表示“超过”，多用于年龄、时间、距离。如：
She stayed in London over a month.
她在伦敦呆了一个多月。
还可表示“在……期间”，相当于during，while doing。
①The English language has changed over hundreds of years.
英语发生变化有几百年了。
②They were having a pleasant chat over a cup of coffee.
他们边喝咖啡边愉快地聊天。
(2)above一般表示“在……的上方”，只说明物体间的上下关系，可能垂直，也可能
不垂直。如：
A fly was flying above the table.一只苍蝇正在餐桌上飞。
另外，above还可指在数量、重量、价格、费用等方面超过或高于规定的数量或一般
标准。如：
The shelf should be six feet above the level of the floor.
书架应离地面六英尺。
(3)on一般表示“在……上面”，通常指与物体的表面有接触。
There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。
当表示“陷入其中”时，我们也要用介词in，尽管汉语表示“在……上”。如：
①There is a window in the wall.墙上有扇窗户。
②There is a well in the ground.地上有口井。
(4)beyond一般指超过界限、范围、限度等。如：
①I’m curious to know what there is beyond the sea.
我非常想知道大洋彼岸有什么。
②Why he did it is beyond my comprehension.
我不能理解他为什么做这件事。
③The situation was getting beyond his control.
他无法控制局势。
2．across，through，over，past都可表示“通过”
(1)across指在某一空间内从一端到另一端的表面穿过。如：①They sailed across the ocean.他们扬帆横渡大洋。
②A plane flew across the sky.一架飞机从空中飞过。
(2)through指从人群或物体中间穿过，也可用于抽象意义上的通过：如：
Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.
禁止汽车在市中心穿行。
(3)over是相对于位置的高低而言，强调“翻越”，也常表示跨过一段距离。如：
The man jumped over the wall and disappeared among the crowd.
那人翻过墙消失在人群中。
(4)past表示“从……旁经过”，表示动作发生在某物旁边。如：
We walked past the shop this afternoon.
我们今天下午路过那家商店。
3．at，in，on均可表示时间
(1)表示确切的时间用at，在非正式英语里，在(at)what time这一短语以及用于句首的其
他表示时间的短语中，通常可以省略at。
(2)表示一天的上午、下午、晚上用 in，即：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the
evening，但也有at night(在夜里)，at dawn(在黎明)，at noon(在中午)，at midnight(在午夜)。
如专指某一天的上(下)午、晚上，或要对某一天上(下)午、晚上加以描述，就用on，而不用
in。如：on the evening of May 1(在5月1日的晚上)。
(3)谈到具体的某一天，用on，在星期几前面，on可以省略(尤其在美语中)。如：
①I met him on a cold day.xk/w
我在一个寒冷的日子里见到了他。
②I’m seeing her(on)Sunday morning.
星期天上午我要和她见面。
(4)周末和节日
表示周末用at the weekend(英)或on the weekend(美)；泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时，
都用at。但如果说假日中的某一天，就要用on。如：on Easter Monday复活节后的星期一。
(5)说到星期、月、季、年、世纪等较长时间时，要用 in。如：in a week在一周内；in
May在五月；in 2004在2004年；in the 18th century在18世纪；in the fall/autumn在秋天。
4．by，with，in，through都可表示“工具、手段和方法”
(1)by表示“乘……(交通工具)”，也指“通过……(方法)”。表示方式，指抽象的或无
形的手段时，其宾语一般是抽象名词或动名词；指具体的手段时，其宾语通常是表示身体某个部位、交通工具或通讯工具等的名词，且名词前不用冠词。如：
①You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour.
把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。
②Can I reach you by telephone?
我可以用电话和你联系吗？
(2)with表示“用……工具/手段”，一般接具体的手段或工具，不能接动名词。如：
He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。
(3)in表示用的方法、工具、材料等。如：
①Please write in ink，not in pencil.
请用墨水写，不要用铅笔写。
②I paid the bill in cash.我用现金付账。
表示“用容器(之类的工具)”时，用in。如：
They carried earth in basket.
他们用篮子提土。
(4)through表示“通过……途径/方式/方法”，一般是指具体的或有形的手段，其宾语
往往是具体的人或事物。如：
①We arranged our holiday through an agent.
我们通过一个经纪人来安排我们的假日。
②He got the chance through being a scientist.
由于是个科学家，他得到了这次机会。
5．to，at，for，toward(s)都表示方向，“到……，向……，朝……”
(1)toward(s)强调动作的方向；to则兼指“到达”的含义，强调结果。如：
①I saw her walking toward (s) the cinema.
我见她朝电影院走去。
②I saw her walking to the cinema.
我见她正朝电影院走去。
(2)for常用在leave，start，set out，set off，head，sail的后面，表示要去的目的地。如：
They are leaving for New York next week.
他们下周去纽约。
(3)at常和throw，shout，shoot等动词连用，表示目标。常常含有仇恨的感情色彩。而
to与这些词连用时，仅仅表示方向。如：
①It’s not polite to shout at people.朝人大声喊叫是不礼貌的。
②When I came to the dog，it came at me，I rushed away with fear.
当我走向这条狗时，它向我扑来，我吓得拔腿就跑。
6．besides，except，except for，but都可表示“除……之外”
(1)besides与except
besides表示“除了……之外(尚有)(宾语包括在内)”，表示肯定；另外，它还可以作副
词，有“再说”的意思，表示语气的递进。except表示“除了……之外(宾语不包括在内)”，
含有否定含义。如：
①There are four persons besides Tom to do the work，the four of whom are expert at it.
算汤姆在内有四个人做这项工作。他们四个在这方面都在行。
②There are four persons except Tom to do the work，four of whom are expert at it.
不算汤姆，他们有四个人做这个工作。他们当中的四个在这方面都在行。
③Who else do you need to help you besides me?
除了我以外，你还需要谁帮忙？
④Sorry，I can’t go with you tonight.It’s dark，besides, it’s raining heavily.
对不起，我今晚不能和你一起去。天很黑，再说，还下着大雨。
(2)except，except for与except thatclause
它们都有“除了……”的意思，区别在于：
except前后陈述的是同一类的东西。
except for前后所陈述的不属同类，表示引述一个相反细节，对上一陈述起到修正说明
的作用，except for后接名词和代词。
except thatclause也是表示引述一个相反细节，对上一陈述起到修正说明的作用，后接
宾语从句(注意宾语从句的连接词的正确使用)。如：
①There is nothing except a desk in the classroom.
教室里只有一张课桌。(desk和nothing属于同一类)
②We enjoyed the party except for the loud music.
除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在聚会上玩得很开心。(the loud music和the party不属于同
类)
③Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.＝Your composition is good
except that there are some spelling mistakes.
除了几个拼写错误之外，你的作文很好。④He goes to the library every day except when he is not well.
他除了身体不舒服以外，每天都去图书馆。
(3)but作为介词和except同义，通常用在no以及由no组成的合成词或表示否定意义的
词后面，而except不受此限制。如：
①Nobody else but/except me could solve the word puzzle.
除了我，谁都不会解这个字谜。
②I had no choice but to wait.
我除了等待之外别无选择。
(4)but for表示“要不是……”，用于虚拟语气。except for只起修正作用。如：
But for your timely help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. I can’t thank you too
much.
要不是你及时的帮助，我就不能按时完成这项工作。我对你感激不尽。
7．due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to
这几个短语都可以作“由于，因为”解，是表原因的介词短语。
(1)due to...有三个用法：作定语、表语和状语；作状语时可放在句首或句尾。如：
①The mistake due to carelessness is serious.
由于粗心大意所造成的这个错误是严重的。
②Due to driving at high speed the accidents were common.
由于高速驾驶，交通事故很常见。
③His illness is due to bad food.
他生病的原因是吃了劣质食物。
(2)owing to...可作状语、定语和表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，一般应和句子的其他成
分隔开，可放在句首、句中或句尾。如：
①The service is poor owing to a shortage of staff.
服务之所以差是因为工作人员不足。
②She is now, owing to bad health, not so active in the activity.
由于身体不好，她现在在活动中表现得没有那么活跃了。
(3)on account of...可作状语和表语。作状语时修饰全句，应和句子的其他成分隔开，但
有时也可不隔开。如：
①He resigned on account of age.
他由于年迈而辞职。
②That was on account of lack of experience.那是由于缺乏经验所致。
(4)thanks to...只作状语，比较正式，有感谢的含义，作“多亏”解，但有时也含有贬义。
如：
Thanks to your help, we were successful.
多亏你的帮助，我们才得以成功。
常见的复合介词
【典例】
【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】
In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their
marriage ceremony in 1842.
【 常见的复合介词 提分秘籍】
according to根据，按照，取决于
as a result of由于……的结果
as far as就……而论
at the mercy of受……支配
at the sight of一看到
by means of用，依靠，借助于
by way of取道于……；途经(＝via)
by the way of用……的方法
because of因为，由于
due to因为
in addition to除了……之外(还有)
in advance of在……前面；比……先进
in celebration of为庆祝……
in case of假设，万一
in search of寻求；试图发现
in place of代替in need of需要
in charge of对……负责；主管
in the charge of由……负责(表被动意义)
in spite of尽管；即使；虽然；不管
in time of在……时刻
in a state of处于……状况中
in course of在进行中
in the course of在……期间
in favour of赞同；有利于
in honor of向……表示敬意，为纪念……
in memory of为纪念……
instead of代替；而不是
on account of因为；由于
owing to因为
thanks to因为；多亏
under the name of以……的名义
under the condition that在……条件下
under the control of在……支配下
with no relation to与……无关
with the view of为了；以……为目的
within the reach of在……力所能及的范围内
和介词有关的固定搭配
【典例】
【2020全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ______ earth, Mother
Nature.
【和介词有关的固定搭配提分秘籍】1．名词与介词的固定搭配
要求用to的名词：key，answer，visit，apology，introduction
要求用in的名词：interest，satisfaction，expert
要求用on的名词：mercy，congratulation
要求用其他介词的名词：prize(for)，respect(for)，victory(over)，struggle(with)
2．形容词与介词的固定搭配
要求用at的形容词：angry，good，bad，surprised，excited，puzzled，frightened
要求用of的形容词：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud，worthy
要求用with的形容词：angry，strict，busy，popular
要求用in的形容词：weak，strict，rich, interested，successful，slow xk.w
要求用 to 的形容词：next，good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，known，married，
close，similar，due
要求用for的形容词：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry
要求用from的形容词：far，different，free，safe，absent，tired
要求用about的形容词：sorry，worried，anxious，careful，sure，certain
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It was built originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely
restored（修复）.
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women
and men.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1844 they bought it 2 ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser...
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and
wealth.
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 ． earth, Mother Nature.
（2020·山东卷语法填空）
As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine
42 ． (they) living at a different time in history or 43 （ walking ） (walk)through a rainforest.
（2020·山东卷语法填空）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with
other amusements.
（2020·浙江卷语法填空）
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived
56 ． ，through agriculture.56．
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___
dogs，seven to be exact.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is notclear.
（2019·北京卷·语法填空）
Nervously __facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple
words “Be yourself”.
【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】
I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
（2022·广东广州·一模）
For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ______59______ her favorite part of being
alive.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Studies have shown that students who use handwriting to take notes in class remember information
better—improving their scores____7____as much as 15 percent.
（2022·云南·一模）
It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked
country ___15___ a “land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward
turning their dream into reality.
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
____23____ other words, just “lie flat”.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
Water mist was sprayed ___45___ the air ,which was then crystallized (结晶) the snow with the
freezing air temperature.（2022·重庆·一模）
It began on January 19 and finished ___56___ the early morning of January 20.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T5）
Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide ___5___ 2050.
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T8）
After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a few questions ___8___my diet and
lifestyle, the acupuncturist correctly reasoned that I was worn-out.
（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T9）
Analysis of elements in the relics indicates sources similar ____9____ those of other cultures
along the Yangtze River.
（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T2）
Changes to water resources can have a big impact ____2____ people's lives.
（2021•漳州一中新高考模拟•语法填空•T10）
The asteroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR ) is named ___10___ him.
2
（2021•玉林市一模•语法填空•T8）
Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny ____8____ they
think they are?
（2021•玉林市一模•语法填空•T10）
“Accusing the British ____10____ having no sense of humor is like telling Rolls-Royce that its
cars are down-market.”
（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T7）
“Tu’s winning the prize signifies China’s prosperity and progress in scientific and technologicalfield, marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine ____7____ the cause of human
health and shows China’s growing strengths and rising international standing,” Premier Li
Keqiang said in a congratulatory letter on Monday evening.
【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】
It's not actually just for grandparents, but it's also to give grandparents an opportunity to show
love ______ their children's children.
【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】
We use bicycles today for recreation, fitness and so on. ______ the bicycle, much of the world
might stop working!
【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】
The ride lasts several minutes. It travels from the security area to the boarding gate______ a
speed of 3. 5 kilometers per hour.
【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】
This results in the accidental entry ______ foreign objects.
【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
In 1995, Dr. Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park to test whether adding
regular laughter to people’s lives would improve their well-being, Kataria also introduced
deep breathing and simple yoga moves______ the exercises.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
On canvas (画布),its effect is close ______ the art of Chinese calligraphy.
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
I was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the
deepest impression______ the students.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
A top official told Xinhua. “______ (give) the difficulties experienced this year, the progress
being made by Beijing 2022 has been unusual.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
It began ______a sport enjoyed mainly by very rich people.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
So trying to build close connections______a few people should be a priority(优先考虑的事
情).
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. The second suggested that people
absorbed this disease ______ their bodies with their meals.
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6, said
her idol was Beethoven, who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led
both of them to establish a connection with the outside world ______music.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many cities, including the capital
of Romania to transform their old tree trunks ______ works of art.
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
If a woman is ______ 40, or even if she is 80, her birthday is always the 39th. If she is in her
thirties, her birthday will be the 29th.
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
And in her twenties, it’s the 19th. They usually have their “real” birthday when they are
______20.【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
When we look up ______ the night sky, we see stars, the twinkle of a moving satellite and
occasionally a distant planet.
【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
Elephants are not fans of strangers. However ,Chen and his colleagues can take only three
days ______ every month.
【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】
While it’s wonderful for people who want to see what these museums offer and teach them,
it’s not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms ______
funding.
