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专题 21 阅读理解之词义猜测
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词
组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上
下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪
法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
考点导航
考点01构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有
帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see
是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因
此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
考点02利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉
的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词 and或or，这些词语或短语在
句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定
同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
考点03利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据
反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词 hot and cold,
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段
内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
考点04利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文
章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读
过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
考点05利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜
测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至
用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
考点06根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短
语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on
the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词
义。
考点07利用经验和常识猜词
词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此
熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考
生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
【题型分析】
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at.
If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司experiments and see for themselves.” …
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de
Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical
minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the
problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
…
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
...A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to
Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been
a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop
functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives ，he
determines to write a book.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That
former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the
story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the
end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not
talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who
have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that
all too often come with passing years.
……
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
检测训练
1、
As a classic love movie of the twentieth century, Titanic makes one scene a long-lasting
cinematic shot: Jack let go of his hand and sank in the icy seawater, leaving the chance of living to
his lover Rose, who finally survived on a wooden door debris (残骸).
More than 100 years since the disastrous event and more than two decades after the earliest
release of the movie Titanic, there have been many “door theories”. Audiences debate heatedly
over whether or not Jack and Rose could have both fit onto the wooden debris and survived. So,
was there room for Jack?
In a TV program, hosts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an exact replica
(复制品) of the wooden piece from the movie, and the two proved that if they had tied Rose’s life
jacket to the bottom of the door to strengthen its buoyancy ( 浮 力 ), they would have managed
to stay afloat.
However, their conclusion was debunked when director Cameron said that the freezing water
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司and Jack’s high temperature would have made the life jacket solution impossible. He also said that
the debate is beyond the point the movie was trying to make, which is focused on the tragic love
story of Jack and Rose, not physics.
The largest debris recovered from the real Titanic is now displayed in the Maritime Museum.
The museum’s website states that a replica was once built for the movie based on the museum’s
Titanic collection which was known as the “door” used in the death scene. Unfortunately, the size
of the debris coupled with the weight of Rose on top could work, but not if Jack’s additional
weight was added to it.
In a word, science has proven that Jack didn’t die for nothing and did indeed sacrifice himself
to save the love of his life.
1. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To lead into the topic.
B. To introduce a movie.
C. To raise a question.
D. To highlight characters.
2. What is the conclusion of Jamie and Adam based on?
A. The development of the plot. B. A physics experiment.C. The theme of the
movie. D. A heated debate.
3. What does the underlined word “debunked” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Confirmed. B. Opposed. C. Approved. D. Concerned.
4. We can infer that the movie’s ending is .
A. unrealistic B. confusing C. reasonable D. surprising
2、
Last year, I went through every high school senior’s nightmare: I was refused from all the
colleges I applied to. It’s not that I was a bad student. I had a narrow vision, applying only to some
key schools. So when I got refused, I got into a panic. I thought there was only one path to
success, and I wasn’t on it. While all my friends were picking out twin extra-long sheets, I was
left wondering what kind of future I could have.
When my panic faded, I signed in the community college. I wasn’t excited. I imagined
community college classrooms with incompetent teachers that taught their students to sleep. I was
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司so wrong. My art history professor was so poetic, and her lectures felt spoken word. My
classmates were intelligent and came from all walks of life — still figuring things out like me.
I decided to give myself a year of experiment. Aside from general education, I took a range
of classes. I know it seems like a random kind of classes, but it allowed me to know what I like
and don’t like. I used to have this idea that I had to rush in order to achieve a certain level of
success by a certain age, but a year of community college has taught me to slow down, and to
recognize that things take time to adjust. I still hope to transfer to a four-year university next year,
but I’ll be going about it as a more mature person.
Being around students from all walks of life has made me realize that I’m not late in the
game at all. There’s more than one way to get where you want to be.
9. What caused the author’s “high school senior’s nightmare”?
A. He was rejected by the colleges he applied to.
B. He didn’t do well in some subjects at school.
C. He only took some key schools into consideration.
D. He got confused about which school to apply to.
10. What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 1?
A. The author’s friends have extra sheets.
B. The future for the author’s friends is clear.
C. The way to success is long for the author’s friends.
D. The author’s friends have many choices.
11. Why was the author unhappy in the community college at first?
A. His art history professor was extremely expressive.
B. He didn’t like studying with students from all walks of life.
C. He thought the teachers in the community college had poor ability.
D. He learned students in the community college always slept in class.
12. What did the author learn from his experience in the community college?
A. There’s no need to hurry to achieve certain success.
B. A year of experiment is not worthwhile for him at all.
C. The way to success is to transfer to a four-year university.
D. It’s a waste of time being around students from all walks of life.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司3、
When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, the listeners react
wildly. Some pull his hair or jump on his piano. Others steal his music. The behavior is normal,
however, because these crowds are truly wild—wild monkeys to be exact.
Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild
monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona
virus(COVID-19) crisis.
The disease has caused problems for the monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on
tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them.
The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethoven's Fur Elise
and Michael Nyman's Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up
his body and touch his head. But, Barton keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small
monkey runs over his hands on the instrument. Other monkeys take control of his music papers. “I
was glad and surprised to find that they were actually eating the music as I was playing it.”
The monkeys are Barton's latest animal fans. Past wildlife audience included elephants living
in special protected areas. Barton hopes to raise people's awareness of the monkeys' hunger. At the
same time, he hopes to study their behavior as they react to classical music.
“Come together and don't let the pandemic stop the wild monkeys getting good nutritious
food. We need to make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly
they will be calmer,” said 59 -year-old Barton.
17. Why does the musician play to the wild monkeys?
A. To see the wild animals just being themselves.
B. To study their behavior as they react to pop music.
C. To raise money for the wild monkeys' hunger.
D. To help calm them during COVID -19 crisis.
18. What kind of music docs the musician play?
A. Contemporary music. B. Classical music.
C. Country music. D. Popular music.
19. What docs the underlined phrase “eating the music" in Paragraph 4 refer to ?
A. Stealing his music papers. B. Eating his music papers.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司C. Disturbing his performance. D. Enjoying his playing
20. What can we infer from the text?
A. Wild monkeys like to play with the musician.
B. People will start to protect the wild monkeys.
C. The COVID-19 has damaged much to the world.
D. Music can make the wild animals more active.
4、
We all need waler to survive, but the general recommendation has been to drink more and
more, with many guidelines now advising a minimum of eight glasses a day. Is there any evidence
showing that this makes sense? The short answer is no. Studies looking at water intakes over 10
years in the elderly fail to show any benefits of extra water on kidney function or lifespan.
Clever marketing from bottled water companies has not only convinced us that we need to
drink more water, but also that expensive bottled mineral water is somehow better for us. We now
drink more bottled water than ever before, with the global industry growing rapidly at 10 percent a
year. By 2025, the global market is estimated to be worth ＄215 billion. But research shows that
tap water nowadays is perfectly safe, and with added fluoride （氨化物）, it is also good for our
teeth. There have been studies showing that tap water contains traces of common pharmaceutical
（制药的）drugs, but they have also found the same levels when testing bottled water. Although
water in many areas contains chemicals, the levels are too small to make a noticeable difference
to our health.
Bottled water has devastating environmental costs, which is self﹣evident as there are
already abundant reports on pollution caused by plastic bottles, and no proven health benefits.
And, does it taste better?Probably not. On the contrary, there are even blind tastings showing that
tap water scores higher than most mineral water.
So, still hesitate when presented with both bottled water and tap water?Probably you should
not now. My advice is to stick with tap water: you will be reducing the global environmental cost
of half a trillion plastic bottles piling up each year and taking a stand against the power of
marketing.
25. According to the first paragraph，we can know________.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A. eight glasses of water a day does harm to the elderly.
B. eight glasses of water a day isn't so scientific as we thought.
C. water is essential for us to survive.
D. drinking extra water benefits our kidney.
26. According to the author， which of the following might be a reason behind people's choosing
bottled water over tap water?
A. Tap water contains too much common pharmaceutical drugs.
B. Bottled water is rich in various minerals.
C. People are influenced by bottled water companies' marketing strategies.
D. Tap water is not so tasty as bottled water.
27. What does the underlined word "devastating" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Potential.
B. Beneficial.
C. Challenging.
D. Damaging.
28. What message does this passage convey?
A. The more water we drink， the healthier we will be.
B. Tap water should become our first choice of drinking.
C. Both bottled water and tap water should be our main choices when thirsty.
D. Bottled water and tap water both have a lot of advantages.
5、
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and
consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to
existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large
portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two
experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to
ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each
woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food
first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants
followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly
more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.
In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants
followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making
decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's
having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large
portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a
lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
13.What is the recent study mainly about?
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
14.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
15.Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
16.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
6、
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after
seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the
country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the
Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from
Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of
the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on
his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in
California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker
side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to
Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends
a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is
saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a
well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are
decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel
nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid
description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
1.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitation. B.His interest in the country.
C.His love for teaching. D.His desire to regain health.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Developing a serious mental disease.
B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
3.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination.
7、
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司One period of our lives when better results are demanded of us is, strangely enough,
childhood. Despite being young we are expected to achieve good grades, stay out of trouble, make
friends at school, do well on tests, perform chores (家务事) at home and so on. It’s not easy.
The good news is that being likeable can help a child perform better. Likeable children enjoy
many advantages, including the ability to cope more easily with stresses of growing up. In her
book Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and
optimistic are able to gain support from others. This leads to focus and resilience (适应力), the
ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress; a child who has adequate emotional armor
can continue down the path to success. Much research shows that resilience has enabled children
to succeed in school, avoid drug abuse, and develop a healthy self-awareness.
Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life? Because
likeability helps create what’s known as a positive feedback loop (回馈圈). The positive feelings
you want to see in other people are returned to you, creating constant encouragement and
motivation, to deal with the daily stress of life.
This feedback loop continues into adulthood. To return once again to the example of
teaching, learning becomes easier with a likeable personality. Michael Deluecchi of the University
of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings
because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well.Deluecchi found that “students who
perceive a teacher as likeable, in contrast to those who do not, may be more attentive to the
information that the teacher delivers, and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn
more”.
You may have noticed this pattern in your own life when you try to give some advice. The
more positive your relationship with that person, the more he or she seems to listen, and the more
you feel certain that that person has heard you and intends to act on your words.
1. The writer implies in the first paragraph that ________.
A. children are expected more than we usually think
B. life is not easy for every one of us
C. better education results in smarter children
D. to be a likeable child is almost impossible
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司2. According to Dr. Leonard, likeable children ________.
A. can cope more easily with stress independently
B. know how to avoid trouble and unpleasant events
C. are always optimistic and ready to help those in need
D. can achieve more and understand themselves better
3. The term “emotional armor” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. mental support from friends B. mental support from adults
C. failures in life D. ability to handle life stress
4. The main purpose of the studies done by Michael Delucchi is to find ________.
A. if a likeable teacher has a positive personality
B. if a likeable teacher draws more attention
C. how a teacher’s likeability gains popularity
D. how a likeable teacher’s teaching style is formed
5. The passage aims at proving that ________.
A. likeable people do better in life generally
B. likeable people do better in their childhood
C. social creatures enjoy fewer advantages
D. likeable people give better advice
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