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第 2 讲 名词性从句
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可
作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句
和同位语从句等。
Many students don’t know what they should do ①，but what Xiao Meng wants to do ② is
earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents ’ burden ③.It is said that many
small companies need graduates to do part-time jobs②.Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she
is not sure about whether she will be employed ①.She also wonders when she will be admitted to
a college① and which city she will go ①.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a
good university④.
注释：①位于及物动词或介词之后的从句是名词性从句中的宾语从句。②谓语动词之前的从
句为名词性从句中的主语从句。此外，该种从句可以用it作形式主语。③位于be动词之后的
从句是名词性从句中的表语从句。④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的句子为同位语从
句。
1．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示：
引导词 功能
在从句中不作任何句子成分，也没
that
有词汇意义
在从句中不作任何句子成分，意为
从属连词 whether，if
“是否”
在从句中不作任何句子成分，分别
because，as if/though
意为“因为”“好像”
who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主
who(ever)，whom(ever)， 语、宾语或表语；
连接代词 what(ever)，whose， whom(ever)在从句中作宾语；
which(ever) which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；
whose在从句中作定语
连接副词 when(ever)，where， 在从句中作状语wherever，why，how(ever)
2.名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
Do you know where will the party be held？(×)
Do you know where the party will be held？(√)
3．what & that
that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而 what是连接代词，
在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。
I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.
我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。
I believe what he said because he is an honest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。
4．whether & if
(1)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中表示“是否”，必须用whether。只有在it作形式主
语的主语从句中，可用if。
(2)宾语从句中一般情况下 whether与if 可以通用，但在以下情况下不能用 if ，只能用
whether：
a．介词后 b．其后跟不定式 c．其后紧跟or not
d．引导让步状语从句
结论：在学生的写作中，只要表“是否”，一律用whether。
5．who & whoever
名词性从句中的who翻译为“谁”，带有疑问意味。而whoever则翻译为“不论是谁”，没
有疑问的语气。
Do you know who broke the window?
你知道是谁打破了窗户吗？
Whoever broke the window will be punished.
无论是谁打破了窗户都得挨罚。
6．that不可省略的情况
(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当
it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。
(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省。
结论：学生习作中，that一律不省略。
注意：在同一个谓语动词之后有多个宾语从句并列时，注意句子的理解，要知道后面的 that
从何而来。如：
She said (that) she had broken up with her boyfriend，that she was heartbroken，and that she
would never fall in love again.
她说她和男朋友分手了，她很伤心，而且她不会再爱了。
7．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用。常见的抽象名词有 news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，
thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。
At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the
universe.起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。
8．why与because 引导表语从句的用法区别
why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。
I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school.我感冒了，因此我没上学。
I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold.我没上学，那是因为我感冒了。
注意：(1)句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
(2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
9．as if/though
as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面；表语从句既可
以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger.
她待他如陌生人。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．What she wants to know is when the party will be held.
2．That he will give up his job surprises all of us.
3．Whoever did it should be responsible for it.
4．Where/Whether the meeting will be held this afternoon is not known yet.
5．The reason why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam.
6．I doubt whether/if he has the ability to do it well.
7．After what seemed a long time，he came to himself.
8．He said he was wrong and that he wanted to make an apology to us.
9．He expressed his hope that he would visit China again.
10．He failed.That was because he didn’t work hard.
单句语法填空
1．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
2．By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived.(2018·江苏)
3．Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(2017·北京)
4．She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I
hadn’t.(2017·天津6月)
5．You have to know where you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
(2015·湖南)
名词性从句解题三步走
第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。
第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连
接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词。指物用what，whatever；指人用
who，whoever。
第三步：如果不缺少主语或宾语，要看从句是否有疑问。如果没有疑问用 that，有疑问则根
据句意使用when，where，why，how，whether等。
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．He was not looking for others’ smiles，or worrying about whether someone was watching
or not.
2．Helen McCarthy，an author and expert on Japanese Cartoons，explained why the character is
so popular.“Because Hello Kitty is all about happiness，friendship and fun.”
3．My first task was to decide where to go and how to get there.
4．Students can choose what/whatever they want to do and register online.
5．Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building，and that’s where I don’t agree.
6．The problem is that one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.
7．Twenty-five years later the traveler returned to the same place.What he saw amazed him.He
could not believe his own eyes.
8．Therefore，it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care.
9．They would appreciate it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
10．I asked him what his father had done so that he became such a good person.
11.He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
12.When I entered the restaurant，the waitress said I could sit wherever I like.13.I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for
the reservation.
层级二 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.(2021·天津3月)
2．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what it used to
charge.(2017·江苏)
3．Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from
the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.(2020·浙江7月)
4．It is not a problem whether/if we can win the battle；it’s just a matter of time.(2020·江苏)
5．The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.
(2020·天津7月)
6．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way across the
Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
7．I’m not sure who/which is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly
appears out of nowhere.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
8．Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
(2019·江苏)
9．This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
(2018·北京)
10．The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
(2018·天津6月)
层级三 语篇提能练
语法填空
名词性从句篇
1． worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2. she puts on too
much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3. she eats too much fast food
high in fat or sugar.Also，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes
more stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4. she becomes fatter
these days，she thinks.5. she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main
task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she can get better
suggestions and 6. will give her better advice also puzzle her.It is her parents’
suggestion 7. she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang
suggests 8. she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in
fiber，vitamin and protein.What’s more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take
regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9. sheshould take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o’clock in the
afternoon.That is 10. she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Professor
Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的同学玛丽的烦恼，她最近胖了很多而且经
常生病，向王教授咨询，在王教授的帮助下，通过均衡饮食和运动变得越来越健康。
1．答案 What
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，第一个空引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什
么，所……的”，故用what。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填What。
2．答案 that
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后面为表语从句，从句成分完整，因此用that引导，
that无实际意义，在句中不作任何成分。故填that。
3．答案 whether
解析 考查同位语从句。分析句子可知，doubt后接的是同位语从句，从句说的是doubt的
内容，从句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether。
4．答案 why
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示
“……的原因”，故填why。
5．答案 How
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，has been前为主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示
“如何，怎样”，故用how。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填How。
6．答案 who
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，puzzle前为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“谁”，
故填who。
7．答案 that
解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语为空后的从句，从句中不
缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。
8．答案 that
解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，suggests后接的是宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且
意义完整，故填that。
9．答案 when
解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，ask接双宾语，空后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，
根据下文可知表示“什么时间”，故填when。
10．答案 because
解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“原因”，故填because。
1．what引导的名词性从句最显眼
典例 (2019·浙江6月)我写信感谢你为我做的一切。
I’m writing to thank you for what you have done for me.
运用 (2021·浙江6月)令我惊讶的是，我爸爸允许我按照我的意愿使用这笔钱。
What surprised me was that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished.
2．同位语从句放在开头实力开篇
典例 (2020·浙江7月)听到你请病假回家的消息，我很难过。
I am sorry to hear the news that you have gone back home on sick leave.
运用 (2021·全国乙)没有人能否认在线学习正变得越来越流行这一事实。
No one can deny the fact that online learning is becoming more and more popular.
3．表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全
典例 (2016·全国Ⅲ)我很抱歉我不能和你一起按计划去书店了。原因是我那时有一个重要的
会要参加。
I’m sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you as planned.The reason is that I have an
important meeting to attend then.
运用 (2021·北京)很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断了腿，我必须
照顾他。
I ’ m sorry that I can ’ t go out with you as planned.The reason is that my younger brother broke
his leg the other day and I must look after him.
4．That/This is because/why...灵活简练
典例 (2019·天津6月)我五岁时开始学画画，我非常喜爱绘画。这就是我想让您安排关于西
方美术的讲座的原因。
I took up drawing at the age of five and I’m fond of painting.This is why I want you to arrange a
lecture on Western art.
运用 (2021·浙江6月)这个展览非常精彩，展示了中国文化的魅力。这就是为什么我想推荐
我的同学们也来参加这个艺术展。
The exhibition is fantastic and shows the charm of Chinese culture.This is why I would like to
recommend my fellow students to attend this art show as well.
5．注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合
典例 (2019·北京)我建议你从北京开始，我会带你游览这个城市。
I suggest that you begin from Beijing and I will show you around this city.
运用 (2021·上海)我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文教授的，这会对你有很大的好处。
I recommend that you choose the Listening and Speaking course ， because the course is entirely
taught in Chinese ， which will benefit you a lot .
