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考点 08 名词性从句（核心考点精讲精练）
【近年真题考点分布】
高考考点 语法之名词性从句
King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab
fruit ,you cannot prove ( 25 )__________this land belongs to.
His story is a reminder of ( 29 )__________wisdom can bring( 30 )__________ peace
and harmony.
【答案】 25.who/whom 29.how
25.who/whom【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构，该空引导的宾语从句作
2023上海秋考
prove 的宾语且该宾语从句中缺少宾语,结合上下文内容,这里需要填入一个指代人
的关系代词,表示“土地属于谁”，故此处填入 who/whom。
29.how【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空处需要填入一个可以引
导宾语从句的连词，且从句中不缺少主干成分，又根据相关句意推知，此处想要
表述的是“他的故事给了我们一个关于智慧是如何带来和平与和谐的提醒”，
how 有“如何”之意，故此处填入 how。
(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put
across the subject.
Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a
variety of business occupations.
2023上海春考 【答案】25. What 28. it
25. What 考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"What counts for Advisers"引导一个主
语从句，意为"对于顾问来说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"that
the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations"。
An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are
doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis.
【答案】26.what
2022上海秋考 【解析】考查宾语从句。该段回答的问题是“企业家如何识别商业前景”，
根据后面的"how they succeed(他们是如何成功的)”可以推测出这里要表达的
意思是“其他企业在做什么"，故填入what。句意:企业家可以通过进行竞争
分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never
be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that
they will never forget it.
【答案】29.that
[解析]考查宾语从句。根据 be sure 后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是
宾语的成分，故此处用 that 引导宾语从句，填入 that。句意:人们千里迢迢
2022上海春考 去看极光,却永远无法确定它是否会发生。
30.whoever
[解析]考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主
语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢
迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记
它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填入
whoever。句意:但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。
2021年春考
This will allow you to see(29)________genres（类型）work for your
group.
【答案】29. what
2021上海春考
[解析] 考查宾语从句。what引导的从句作see的宾语，也就是宾语从句。
而且what是代词性质，在从句中也作从句主语 genres的限制语。而且根
据句意：“这将让你看到什么类型的作品为您的小组使用。”这里用
what为正确答案。
This was ( 24 )__________happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back
home at the end of the First World War.
【答案】 24. what
2021上海秋考
【解析】考查表语从句。根据句子结构分析，此处为表语从句，且该空在从
句中做主语。再结合下文例子，此处在讲述某件事，因此可确定此处考查固
定搭配 what happened， 故此处填入 what。
【思维导图】【知识梳理】
种类 作用 例句 关联词
He asked me which team could win the game. 连接词
在复合句中做宾语，相当 We hope （ that ） you will enjoy your trip . that/whether
宾语
于名词，一般置谓语之 Tell me why you don’t like school. as if/
从句
后。 I don’t know whose pronunciation is the best. as though;
连接代词
在复合句中做表语，相当 It looks as if it is going to snow. what/ which
表语
于名词，位于系动词之 New York is no longer what it was ten years ago. who/whose
从句
后。 The book is where you left it. whatever
The problem is when he came here. whoever
Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter whomever
在复合句中做主语，相当 much. whichever;
于名词，一般置谓语之 Whoever comes here will be welcome.
主语
前；也可用 it 作形式主 It is not yet decided who will do that job. 连接副词
从句
语，主语从句放主句之 That she was chosen made us very happy. Where/when
后。 why/how
wherever
The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. whenever
放 在 名 词 之 后 (news,
Do you have any suggestion where we get cheaper
同位语 problem, idea, suggestion,
secondhand car?
从句 advice, thought, hope, fact
You have no idea how worried we are.
等) 表明其具体内容。
考点一：宾语从句
1．宾语从句的引导词
连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
what，who，whom，
连接代词 which，whichever， 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
whatever，whoever
when，where，how，
连接副词 在从句中作状语
why
She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
易错警示
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，
只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只
用whether，不用if。
2．形式宾语
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定
式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句
(3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句
No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
3．宾语从句的时态
一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合
适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事
实时，须用一般现在时。
考点二：表语从句
1．表语从句的引导词
只起连接作用，不在从句中
连接词 that，whether
作成分
what，who，whom，which， 在从句中作主语、宾语、表
连接代词
whichever，whatever，whoever 语或定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
易错警示if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2．as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，
feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发
生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3．其他常考的表语从句
(1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
考点三：主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成
连接词 that，whether，if
分
what，who，whom，which， 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或
连接代词
whichever，whatever，whoever 定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.
李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
The limits of a person's intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether he reaches these limits
will depend on his environment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
易错警示
(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。
2．形式主语
it作形式主语的常见句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken
it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
易错警示
当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后
接or not时，只能用whether。
考点四：同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句
的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，
truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant .There is too much work to do.
经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
易错警示
that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句
子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句
时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
考点五：连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用
1. 用whether或if均可的情况
(1) whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。
(2) it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abroad.
2. 用whether而不用if的情况
(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首
Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.
Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句
The question is whether we can get in touch with him.
He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting.
(3)引导介词的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we have free time.(4)引导词与or not连用
He doesn’t know whether or not he is going to stay.
(5)引导词后接to do
They needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting.
(6)有些动词如discuss, decide等后的宾语从句
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
(7)避免用if引导产生歧义
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
（2024年杨浦区二模）
____10____ air pollution was the muse for one of modern history’s greatest artists might be true.
【答案】 10. That
【10题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：空气污染是现代历史上最伟大的艺术家之一的灵感来源，这可能是真的。空格处引
导主语从句，从句的语义和成分均完整，则使用that引导主语从句，空格位于句首，故填That。
（2024年长宁区二模）
This has raised some interesting questions about the modern family system. While it is true that parents should not
be too lenient with children by letting them do ___6___ they want, or too over-protective by sheltering them from
the realities of life, it is also true that they should not be too strict.
【答案】6. what##whatever
【6题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接
代词what或whatever(无论什么)引导，故填what/whatever。
（2024年徐汇区二模）
He remembers____29____ when he wanted to take a bath, he had to heat the water up with firewood and then
transport the water in a bucket to the bathtub.
【答案】 29. that
【29题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他记得，当他想洗澡时，必须用柴火烧水，然后将水用桶运到浴缸里。这里为宾语
从句的连接词，分析句子成分可知，宾语从句不缺少成分，用that引导。故填that。
（2024年松江区二模）___2___ this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing
market. That is, remote work is keeping many older
【答案】 2. What
【2题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：这一趋势表明，人们转向远程工作，导致老年人住房市场缓慢回升。分析句子可知，
空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，主语从句缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词
what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）
The concern is that science has not quite worked out ____9____ the relationship between body and mind works.
【答案】9．how
9．考查宾语从句。句意：令人担忧的是，科学还没有完全弄清楚身体和大脑之间的关系是如何运作的。
引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。故填how。
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）
Her design includes the Self Growing Farm, and she details ___17___it would work with elements on Mars.
【答案】17．how
17．考查宾语从句。句意：她的设计包括自我生长的农场，她详细介绍了它将如何与火星上的元素一起工
作。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。故填how。
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）
Sometimes unknown species are often living right under our noses — in parks, gardens and even in planters on
balconies. That’s ___25___ researchers in Japan recently recognized this new species of orchid.
【答案】 25．where
25．考查表语从句。句意：日本的研究人员最近在那里发现了这种新品种的兰花。空格处引导的是表语从
句，从句中不缺成分，根据语境可知，句子表示“日本的研究人员最近在那里发现了这种新品种的兰花”，
空格处意为“在……的地方”，故填where。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）
And of course, ___48___ works for you will depend on your current physical state.
【答案】48．what
48．考查主语从句。句意：当然，什么对你有效取决于你目前的身体状态。分析句子结构可知，此处为连
词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用连接代词，结合句意，此处指的是事情。故填what。
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）They rated the flavor, color, appearance, and taste of the produce to see ___57___ the labor over their greens
proved fruitful as a supplement to prepackaged space food.
【答案】57．whether/if
57．考查宾语从句。句意：当这些蔬菜可以吃的时候，宇航员还完成了一个感官评估。他们对这些蔬菜的
味道、颜色、外观和味道进行打分，看看这些蔬菜作为预先包装的太空食品的补充是否有益。引导宾语从
句，从句表示“是否”应用whether或if。故填whether/if。
（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）
It is a universal code with different marks to help with the meaning of ____61____ is being written.
【答案】61．what
61．考查宾语从句。句意：这是一个带有不同标记的通用代码，有助于理解所写内容的含义。分析句子可
知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“写的内容”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
A good writer can create emotions with just words and sentences, _____71_____ that’s fear, wonder or joy.
【答案】71．whether
71．考查连词。句意：一个优秀的作家可以用文字和句子创造情感，无论是恐惧、好奇还是快乐。分析句
子可知，此处为连词 whether...or...“无论……还是……”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填
whether。
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）
It turns out that this may be ____93____ our brains remember sound differently than other types of senses.
【答案】 93．because
93．考查表语从句。句意：事实证明，这可能是因为我们的大脑对声音的记忆不同于其他类型的感官。分
析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，表示“因为”，应用连接副词because，故填because。
In the first experiment, students were asked to recall ____100____ various stimuli (刺激物) were the same or
different after a set period of time.
【答案】 100．whether
100．考查宾语从句。句意：在第一个实验中，学生们被要求在一段时间后回忆各种刺激是相同还是不同。
空处引导宾语从句，结合句意可知，此处指“各种刺激是相同还是不同”，空后有 or，应用whether引导
宾语从句，故填whether。
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）
Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except ____ it is made of tea rather than
milk.”
【答案】．that
考查宾语从句连词。句意：它类似于一杯咖啡上面的泡沫，只是它是由茶而不是牛奶制成的。根据空格前
的except和空格后的句子可知，空格处应该填入一个连词引导宾语从句，因为空格后的句子是一个完整的句子，且句意完整，所以该连词只起连接作用，没有任何意义。故填that。
（2023·上海宝山·统考模拟预测）
It’s no surprise___24___ they can they up well into the night.
【答案】 24．that
24．考查主语从句。句意：他们能熬夜到深夜也不足为奇。本句使用了“it + be + n.+ that…”句型。It为形
式主语，因此空处引导主语从句，该从句主干成分完整，句意完整，故用连接词 that引导该从句。故填
that。
语法单句填空练习（名词性从句）
1． you decide upon will not influence me, for I am not involved in your project. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你的决定不会影响我，因为我没有参与你的项目。分析句子结构，
“______ you decide upon”是一个主语从句，且空处在从句中作宾语，所以应用What引导，意为“什么，
……的事物”。故填What。
2．It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang onto hopes. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：对那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能，这是常有的事。分析句
子结构可知， it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。从句中不缺成分，句意完整，用连词that引导主
语从句。故填that。
3． matters that week is that everyone is having a great time. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是那一周每个人都玩得很开心。分析句子可知，空格处引导主语从
句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what，故填What。
4．We have offered him the position, but I don’t have the slightest idea he will accept it. （用适当的
词填空）
【答案】whether
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们已经向他提供了这个职位，但我丝毫不知道他是否会接受。分析句
子，空处引导同位语从句，说明名词idea的内容，结合I don’t have the slightest idea可知，空处表示“是
否”，应用whether引导从句。故填whether。5．The question occurred to me we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest
at that time. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】where
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我突然想到这个问题，我们应该去哪里修理汽车，那时我们在森林的中
央。分析句子，空处引导同位语从句，说明名词question的内容，结合语意，问题是去哪里修车，空处应
用where引导从句。故填where。
6．The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed. （用适当的词填
空）
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：通知是下午两点左右发出的，会议将延期。分析句子，空处引导同位语
从句，说明名词notice的具体内容，从句中结构完整，应用连词that引导从句。故填that。
7．What I want to know is you plan to dress in to attend the Christmas party. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我想知道的是你打算穿什么去参加圣诞晚会。引导表语从句，从句中的
dress in缺少宾语，指事物应用what。故填what。
8．I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is he never finishes anything. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：恐怕他只是个空谈而不是实干家，这就是他做事从不完成的原因。分析句
子可知，空处引导表语从句，结合句意，填连接副词why，在从句中作原因状语。故填why。
9．Richard swims three times a week after work.This is he keeps fit. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】how
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：理查德每周下班后游泳三次。这就是他保持健康的方式。分析句子结构可
知，“____he keeps fit”为表语从句，表语从句中缺少方式状语。故填how。
10．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是，一个人可以完全摆脱尘土。reason做主语，后面的表语从句用
that引导，故答案为that。
11．The manager has decided to put he thinks is energetic and clever in the position of the leadership of
the company.
【答案】whoever
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：经理已决定把他认为精力充沛、聪明的人任命为公司的领导。______ he
thinks is energetic and clever in the position of the leadership of the company.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中
作主语，表示“任何人”，其中he thinks是插入。故填whoever。
12．Through his fascination with people were wearing, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone. (用
适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：通过他对人们穿着的迷恋，他为每个人打开了时尚的大门。分析句子结构可知，这个句子是一个宾语从句，空格处在从句中充当wear的宾语，意义为“……的事物”，再结合句意
可知，what符合题意。故答案填what。
13．She asked the measures would be able to restore public confidence in the economy. (用适当的
词填空)
【答案】whether/if
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她问这些措施是否能够恢复公众对经济的信心。分析句子结构可知，空处
引导宾语从句，根据句意，表达“是否”之意，应用whether或者if引导。故填whether或者if。
14．Word came free souvenirs would be given to whoever comes first. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：有消息说，谁先到谁就有免费纪念品。该句为固定句型 Word came
that…“有消息说……”，that引导同位语从句，对word的内容进行解析说明，从句意义完整，不缺成分，
所以用连词that。故填that。
15．There is still some doubt the spring sports meeting will be held in our school. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：在我们的学校是否举行春季运动会仍然存在一些疑问。分析句子可知，
这是一个同位语从句，修饰doubt（怀疑），根据句意可知，从句缺少“是否”这个意思，故填whether。
16．There is little doubt one day a cure to that disease will be found. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：毫无疑问，总有一天会找到治疗那种疾病的方法。空处为同位语从句的连接
词，句意和句子结构完整，用连接词that。故填that。
17．I have no idea effective measures our school will take to strengthen our listening skills. (用适当的
词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道我们学校将采取什么有效措施来加强我们的听力技能。分析句
子结构和意思可知，空格处引导同位语从句，对idea解释说明，用连词what引导从句，意为“什么”。故
填what。
18． matters most is not what you think but what you do to pave the way for your future. （用适当的词
填空）
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最重要的不是你想什么，而是你做了什么来为你的未来铺平道路。引导主
语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的事物”，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。
19． the boy made so much progress in a short time surprised all of us. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这个男孩在短时间内取得如此大的进步使我们大家都感到惊讶。分析句子
结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，应用连接词 that 引导该从句。故填
That。
20． breaks the law will sooner or later be caught and punished. (用适当的词填空)【答案】whoever
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论是谁违法迟早会被抓住并受到惩罚。分析句式结构可知此处是主语从
句，且主语从句中缺少主语，再分析句意可知，用连接代词 whoever引导主语从句表示“无论谁”，符合
语境。故填whoever。
21．It is necessary we young people master a foreign language. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们年轻人掌握一门外语是必要的。It为形式主语，真正主语为空处引
导的从句，即，主语从句，从句部分主要成分和意思都完整，用that引导从句。故填that。
22．To our surprise, was once a small fishing village has turned into a modern city. (用适当的词
填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：令我们惊讶的是，曾经的小渔村已经变成了一座现代化的城市。空处引导
的是一个主语从句，且在从句中作主语，根据a small fishing village可知，这里指的是事物，应用what引导
表示“什么”。故填what。
23． people in western countries think we Muslim women are oppressed and controlled by men is
wrong. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：西方国家的人认为我们穆斯林妇女被男性所压迫是错误的。主语是一个主
语从句，主语从句中并不缺少句子成分，句意完整应用that，首字母大写。故用That。
24． they discover instead is a work of art with a museum inside. Meier took some basic materials
metal, stone and glass. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：相反，他们发现的是一件里面有博物馆的艺术品。Meier使用了一些基本
的材料，金属，石头和玻璃。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”，
应用连接代词what引导从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
25．It is uncertain side effects the new medicine will bring about. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这种新药会有什么副作用还不确定。分析句子可知，It是形式主语，空处
引导一个主语从句作真正的主语，此处表示“什么样的副作用”，应用what引导。故填what。
26．It is uncertain team will win in the final contest. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】which
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：谁能在决赛中获胜还很难说。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少team的定语，
表示“哪一个”应用which。故填which。
27．Her confusion is she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way. (用适当的词
填空)
【答案】whether【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她的困惑是应该坚持自己的生活方式还是遵循美国的生活方式。空处引导
表语从句，结合句意及or可知，此处使用whether引导从句，表示“是否”，故填whether。
28．A simple restaurant was he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee. (用适当的词
填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一个简单的餐厅是他通常吃同样一餐(香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡)的地方。分
析句子可知，“ he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee”是表语从句，从句缺少引导词，结
合句意，表示“在这个简单的餐厅”，用连接副词where引导该从句，并充当地点状语。故填where。
29．I have sent Miss Green an invitation to our party, but I don’t have the slightest idea she will accept
it. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我有发送格林小姐邀请我们的聚会，但是我一点都不知道她是否会接受
它。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的同位语从句对 idea解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，但句意
不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”，所以此处使用whether。故填whether。
30．She had no idea she could persuade her husband to give up smoking. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】how
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：她不知道怎样才能说服丈夫戒烟。此处引导 idea的同位语从句，从句缺
少方式状语，应用how“怎样”引导。故填how。
Translation（注意使用名词性从句）
1. 实现梦想之前，一个人要经历一段时间的艰难，这是常有的事。(That)
【答案】That a person experienced a period of hardship before realizing their dreams is common.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。根据题干要求，需要用到 That，所以本句应该用主语从句，从句中主语是“一个
人”译为“a person”，谓语是“经历”，根据句意应该用一般过去时，译为“experienced”，“一段时间的
艰难”作宾语译为“a period of hardship”，“实现梦想之前”作状语，译为“before realizing their dreams”，
主句的谓语是be动，应该用is，“常有的事”作表语译为“common”。故译为：That a person experienced a
period of hardship before realizing their dreams is common.
2．我从未想过我校篮球队会在决赛中击败对手。(occur) (汉译英)
【答案】It never occurred to me that our school basketball team would beat the opponent in the final(s).
【详解】考查固定句型，时态和主语从句。“我从未想过……”是固定句型It never occurs/occurred to me
that...，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，occur用过去式，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，“我校篮球队”是our school basketball team，“会”用will的过去式would，其后跟动词原形，
“击败”是beat，“对手”是the opponent，“在决赛中”是in the final(s)，因此整句话翻译为“It never
occurred to me that our school basketball team would beat the opponent in the final(s)”。故答案为It never
occurred to me that our school basketball team would beat the opponent in the final(s).
3．毋庸置疑，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，但令人欣慰的是，政府正采取有力措施来解决它。
(deny) (汉译英)
【答案】There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, but to people’s relief, the
government is taking strong measures to deal with it.
【详解】考查固定句型，时态和短语。根据句意，描述一般事实用一般现在时，结合提示词，“毋庸置
疑”可用句型there is no denying that，that引导同位语从句，解释说明denying，“空气污染是一个极其严
重的问题”译为 air pollution is an extremely serious problem，but表示转折，“令人欣慰的是”译为to
people’s relief ，“政府正采取有力措施来解决它”用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，译为the
government is taking strong measures to deal with it。故翻译为There is no denying that air pollution is an
extremely serious problem, but to people’s relief, the government is taking strong measures to deal with it.
4．一听到他的哥哥在地震中幸存下来的消息，他忍不住大哭起来。（burst）（汉译英）
【答案】Upon hearing the news that his brother had survived the earthquake, he couldn’t help but burst into tears.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和同位语从句。句子包含主语“他”的两个主要行为：“忍不住大哭”和“听到
消息”，前者是讲述重点，故应构成句子主干。根据汉语提示可知，“他的哥哥在地震中幸存下来”是
“消息”的内容，故此处可用同位语从句来表示；又因为“幸存”发生在“大哭”这一动作的过去，蕴含
着“已经幸存下来”的意味，故从句时态可用过去完成时；由于他在听到消息后立刻大哭，可以用非谓语
动词固定结构“Upon doing…”来表达“一……就”，故句子前半句可译为“Upon hearing the news that his
brother had survived the earthquake”。主句中“忍不住做……”用固定短语“can’t help but do…”来表示，此
句可能是在描述过去的一个场景，故可用过去式“couldn’t help but do…”；根据提示词burst可知，“大
哭”用短语“burst into tears”来表示，故主句可译为“he couldn’t help but burst into tears”。故翻译为Upon
hearing the news that his brother had survived the earthquake, he couldn’t help but burst into tears.
5．让我松了一口气的是，这场英语考试终于结束了。不管分数是高是低，重要的是我完成啦！(relief) (汉
译英)
【答案】To my relief, the English exam was finally over. Whether the score is high or low, the important thing is
that I finished!
【详解】考查介词短语、名词、形容词、副词、动词、让步状语从句和表语从句。第一句应该是描述过去
发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，介词短语“to+one’s+情感名词”表示“令某人……的是，使某人感
到……的是”，因此“让我松了一口气的是”可用短语to my relief，主语“这场英语考试”可用名词短语
the English exam，为单数，“结束了”可用系动词was和副词over构成系表结构，“终于”可用副词
finally。第二句介绍当前的情况，基础时态宜用一般现在时，“不管是……或……”可用固定该结构whether… or…引导让步状语从句，从句中主语“分数”用名词the score，为单数，“是”用系动词is，
“高”可用形容词high，“低”可用形容词low；主句中主语“重要的（事）”可用名词短语the important
thing，为单数，“是”用系动词is；“我完成啦”是完整的内容，可用that引导名词性从句作主句的表语，
该从句描述已经发生的事情，时态可用一般过去时，主语“我”用代词I，“完成”可用动词finished。故
可译为：To my relief, the English exam was finally over. Whether the score is high or low, the important thing is
that I finished!
6．令我印象最深刻的是这位饱经风霜的生物学家始终直面每一个挑战。(take) (汉译英)
【答案】What impresses me most is that the weather-beaten biologist takes up every challenge head-on all the
time.
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用what；表示“令某人
印象最深刻”应用impress sb. most，为一般现在时；后跟that引导的表语从句；从句主语为“这位饱经风
霜的生物学家”翻译为the weather-beaten biologist；表示“直面每一个挑战”翻译为take up every challenge
head-on；表示“始终”短语为all the time。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为What
impresses me most is that the weather-beaten biologist takes up every challenge head-on all the time.
7．新落成的学校拔地而起，已不是5年前的学校了，它配以现代化设施，为学生营造出良好的学习环境。
(equip) (汉译英)
【答案】The newly-completed/built school rises from the ground, which is no longer what it was/used to be five
years ago.
It is equipped with modern facilities to provide/ providing a good learning environment for students.
【详解】考查动词短语，定语从句以及表语从句。新落成的学校可以翻译为“the newly-completed/built
school”，在句中作主语。句子描述现在的一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。拔地而起可以翻译为“rise
from the ground”，rise为句子的谓语动词，主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式rises；后面接非
限定性定语从句修饰先行词school。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。
“不再”可用短语on longer，从句为主系表结构，用what引导表语从句，表语从句翻译为“what it
was/used to be five years ago”，整个定语从句指该学校已经不是五年前的样子了；第二句话it指代前面的
school作主语，“配备……”be equipped with；“现代化设施”可以翻译为modern facilities；为学生营造
出良好的学习环境可以翻译为“provide a good learning environment for students”，需要动词不定式作目的状
语；或者provide与逻辑主语facilities之间是主动关系，可以用现在分词形式作后置定语。故翻译为The
newly-completed/built school rises from the ground, which is no longer what it was/used to be five years ago. It is
equipped with modern facilities to provide/, providing a good learning environment for students.
8．尽管最近失败了好几次，但他并没有放弃追求梦想，因为他明白坚持不懈是取得成功的唯一关键。
（despite）（汉译英）
【答案】Despite several recent failures, he doesn’t give up pursuing (his) dreams, because he understands that
perseverance is the only key to achieving success.
【详解】考查状语从句和动词时态。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“尽管”应用despite；表示
“最近失败了好几次”应用several recent failures；表示“他”应用he；表示“并没有”应用助动词doesn’t；表示“放弃”应用give up，位于助动词后面，使用动词原形；表示“追求梦想”应用pursue (his)
dreams，位于介词up后面，pursue使用动名词形式；表示“因为”应用because；表示“理解”应用
understand，此处使用第三人称单数形式；表示“坚持”应用perseverance；表示“是”应用be，主语为不
可数名词，be动词用is；表示“……的唯一关键”应用the only key to；表示“取得”应用achieve，位于
介词to后面，使用动名词形式；表示“成功”应用success；understand后面为宾语从句，从句不缺成分，
引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故翻译成：Despite several recent failures, he doesn’t give up
pursuing (his) dreams, because he understands that perseverance is the only key to achieving success.
9．虽然玛丽声称她全身心地投入准备工作中，但实际上她根本没有重视这次演讲比赛。(dedicate，attach)
(汉译英)
【答案】Although Mary claimed that she dedicated herself to the preparation, in fact she didn’t attach importance
to the speech contest at all.
【详解】考查让步状语从句，时态，宾语从句，固定短语和时态。“虽然玛丽声称她全身心地投入准备工
作中”用although引导让步状语从句，“声称”是claim，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，
claim用过去式，其后跟that引导的宾语从句，“全身心地投入……中”是dedicate oneself to，dedicate用
过去式，主语Mary是女生，因此oneself用herself，“准备工作”是the preparation，“实际上”是in
fact，“重视”是attach importance to，“没有”用didn’t，“这次演讲比赛”是the speech contest，“根
本”是at all，因此整句话翻译为“Although Mary claimed that she dedicated herself to the preparation, in fact
she didn’t attach importance to the speech contest at all.”。故答案为Although Mary claimed that she dedicated
herself to the preparation, in fact she didn’t attach importance to the speech contest at all.
10．谁能快速获得并准确分析目标客户的数据，谁就比对手有竞争优势，掌握先机，迅速脱颖而出。
(Whoever) (汉译英)
【答案】Whoever is able to get the data of the target customers quilckly and analyze them accurately will gain a
competitive advantage/edge over his rivals, seize/have the initiative and stand out rapidly.
【详解】考查主语从句、固定短语、时态。“whoever”表示“无论谁”，引导主语从句，“能够快速获
得”翻译为“be able to get sth. quickly”，因主语从句表示的是一个客观情况，使用一般现在时，whoever作
主语，be动词使用is；“目标客户的数据”翻译为“the data of the target customers”；“准确分析”翻译为
“analyze sth. accurately”；“有竞争优势”翻译为“gain a competitive advantage/edge”，主句表示的是指向
将来的动作，使用一般将来时，即will gain，“比……有优势”用“over”；“掌握先机”翻译为
“seize/have the initiative”；“脱颖而出”翻译为“stand out”；“迅速”使用副词rapidly作状语。故整句话
翻译为 Whoever is able to get the data of the target customers quickly and analyze them accurately will gain a
competitive advantage/edge over his rivals, seize/have the initiative and stand out rapidly。2022年秋考
An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by
conducting a competitive analysis.
26.what
【解析】考查宾语从句。该段回答的问题是“企业家如何识别商业前景”，根据后面的"how they
succeed(他们是如何成功的)”可以推测出这里要表达的意思是“其他企业在做什么"，故填入what。句意:企
业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。
2022年春考
People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will
happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it.
29.that
[解析]考查宾语从句。根据 be sure 后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，故此处用 that 引
导宾语从句，填入 that。句意:人们千里迢迢去看极光,却永远无法确定它是否会发生。
30.whoever
[解析]考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的
“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永
远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填入 whoever。句意:但是看到它
的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。
2021年春考
This will allow you to see(29)________genres（类型）work for your group.
29. what
[解析] 考查宾语从句。what引导的从句作see的宾语，也就是宾语从句。而且what是代词性质，在从
句中也作从句主语 genres的限制语。而且根据句意：“这将让你看到什么类型的作品为您的小组使
用。”这里用what为正确答案。
2020年春考
Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a foretaste of (25) _________ would become common practice for players
unfortunate enough to lose a game.
25. what
【解析】考查名词从句。本空后would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game
从句缺主语，且本空在of后面，本空因此引导名词性从句，名词性从句缺主语，主语指事物的用what。
The story also supports the idea (30) _________ the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of
divination.
30. that
【解析】考查名词性从句——同位语从句。空前 The story also supports the idea，空后the ball game wassometimes used for the purposes of divination刚好是idea的内容，符合同位语从句的特征，故用同位语从句连
接词that。句意：这个故事也支持了球类比赛有时被用于占卜的观点。
2019年秋考
Nature is full of wonders. In (21)__________ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley
turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa.
21.what
[解析]考查宾语从句。根据句意:“在大自然中最令人叹为观止的景象之一数百万的里德利小海龟在奥里萨邦
沿海的一个大型筑巢地从沙子下的蛋壳里钻了出来。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处从句缺主语且做介
词的宾语，故用 what，其相当于 something that。
2018年秋考
What we can say is that this is (23 )_______the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And
it's not just one pattern.
23.what
[解析]考查表语从句。what 在表语从句中充当 look like 的宾语。
2018年春考
I have seen (25) ______ vigorously they grow without me.
25.how[解析]考查宾语从句。seen 后面的句子主谓宾结构完整，根据句意知应为如何在没有我的情况下苗
壮成长。
（2018年春考）
在法庭上，他坚持自己没犯抢劫罪。(guilty)
He insisted that he wasn’t guilty of robbery in court.
（2017年秋考）
有人声称这个减肥丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害。但事实远非如此。(It)
It is claimed that weight-loss pills have an effective and immediate effect and are harmless / do no harm to our body,
but it is far from the truth / case.
（2020年1月·上海高考真题）
The Ball Game of Mesoamerica
The sport known simply as the Ball Game was popular across Mesoamerica and played by all the major civilizations
from the Olmecs to the Aztecs. The impressive stone courts became a staple feature of a city’s sacred complex and
there were often several playing courts in a single city. (21)_________ it is more than just a game, the event couldhave a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology. The contests even supplied
candidates for human sacrifice, for the sport could, quite literally, be a game of life or death.
The game (22) _________ (invent) sometime in the Preclassical Period (2500—100 BCE), probably by the Olmec,
and became a common Mesoamerican-wide feature of the urban landscape by the Classical Period (300—900 CE).
Eventually, the game was even exported to other cultures in North America and the Caribbean.
In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the Maya gods Hun Hunahpú and
Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were
tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. (24)
_________ (lose) the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a foretaste of (25) _________ would become
common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game.
In (26) _________ legend, a famous ball game was held at the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (27) _________ the
Aztec king Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco. The latter (28)_________
(predict) that Motecuhzoma’s kingdom would fall and the game was set-up (29 ) _________ ( establish) the truth of
this bold prediction. Motecuhzoma lost the game and did, of course, lose his kingdom at the hands of the invaders
from the Old World. The story also supports the idea (30) _________ the ball game was sometimes used for the
purposes of divination.
【答案】
21. Although/ Though/ While 22. was invented 23. where 24. Losing 25. what
26. another 27. between 28. had predicted 29. to establish 30. that
详解如下：
21. while /though/although
【解析】考查状语从句。本空引导状语从句the event is more than just a game，主句为it could have a religious
significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology，前后为让步关系。句意：虽然这不仅仅只
是一场游戏，它可能具有宗教意义，并成为中美洲神话故事的特色。
22. was invented
【解析】考查过去时的被动语态。The game指the Ball Game是过去被发明出来的，故用was invented。
23. where
【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the two brothers were tricked into... Xibalba (the underworld)，空后为定
语从句they were challenged to a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba
在从句中作状语。
24. Losing
【解析】考查非谓语—现在分词。本句主语是Hun Hunahpús，谓语是had his head...off，lose the game与逻
辑主语Hun Hunahpús是主动关系，所以用现在分词，losing the game作伴随状语。
25. what【解析】考查名词从句。本空后would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game
从句缺主语，且本空在of后面，本空因此引导名词性从句，名词性从句缺主语，主语指事物的用what。
26. another
【解析】考查限定词。空后legend为可数名词单数，前面必须有修饰词；且上文已经提到了一则神话，本
段内容为另一则神话，不确定数目的“另一个”用another。
27. between
【解析】考查介词。结合下文可知a famous ball game比赛是在the Aztec 国王和Texcoco的国王之间进行的
两者之间用between。
28. had predicted
【解析】考查时态语态—过去完成时。根据本空后that连接的从句，可知predict引导宾语从句，从句表述
了预测的内容...kingdom would fall..., 从句为过去时，预测的动作必然发生在过去的过去，因此要用过去完
成，故用had predicted。
29. to establish
【解析】考查非谓语—动词不定式。根据上下文可知，本空前文说特克可国王曾预言 Motecuhzoma的王国
将会灭亡，而组织这次比赛就是为了证实这一大胆预言的真实性，此处不定式表示组织比赛的目的。
30. that
【解析】考查名词性从句——同位语从句。空前 The story also supports the idea，空后the ball game was
sometimes used for the purposes of divination刚好是idea的内容，符合同位语从句的特征，故用同位语从句连
接词that。句意：这个故事也支持了球类比赛有时被用于占卜的观点。
