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【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题 11 定语从句八大用法归纳（讲案）解析版
（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）
目录
一、定语从句快问快答 P2
二、定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表 P2
考点清单一、关系代词 that 和 which 典型用法归纳 P3
考点清单二、关系代词 whose, who, whom 典型用法归纳 P4
考点清单三、关系副词 where 典型用法归纳 P6
考点清单四、关系副词 when 典型用法归纳 P7
考点清单五、关系副词 why 典型用法归纳 P8
考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语 P8
考点清单七、关系代词 as 典型用法归纳 P9
考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法归纳 P10
考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳 P11
考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 P12
分层训练（一）定语从句五年高考真题通关 P12
分层训练（二）定语从句易混对比十组 P16
分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格 P18
分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格 P19
分层训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空 P20神十七神十八两个乘组会师中国空间站 P20
一、定语从句快问快答
Q1：什么叫定语从句？
A1：顾名思义，定语从句就是一个从句在句中修饰一个名词或从句，起修饰、解释或限制作用。
Q2：什么是定语从句两要素？
A2：一是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词，二是引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词或关系副词。
Q3：定语从句分哪两大类型？
A3：根据功能，分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，后者前边往往有逗号隔开。
Q4：什么叫分割型定语从句？
A4：一般来说，先行词后紧跟定语从句，有时二者被谓语或介词短语分隔开，构成分割型定语从句。如：
I was the only person (in my office) who was invited to the opening ceremony.
Q5：定语从句关系代词有哪些？
A5：定语从句关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as。
Q6：定语从句关系副词有哪些？
A6：定语从句关系副词类有when, where, why。注意先行词是the way，在句中作方式状语时，定语从句
常用that引导，相当于in which。
Q7：学习定语从句难点在哪里？
A7：一是选择合适的关系代词或关系副词，二是“介词+关系代词”结构介词的选择或关系代词的判断，
三是定语从句和名词性从句及强调句型的辨别。
Q8：阅读中遇到定语从句怎么办？
A8：利用括号法把整个定语从句括起来视为一个整体来理解。
Q9：学好定语从句有什么意义？
A9：一能化繁为简迅速提高文章阅读能力，二能在书面表达巧妙运用定语从句提升句子表达效果。
Q10：如何才能学好定语从句？
A10：一是努力掌握定语从句基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，见多识广。
二、定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表
定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表
年份 卷别 语法填空 短文改错
新课标II卷 that/which
2024 全国甲卷 which
浙江1月卷 that/which
全国甲卷 as, where what-which
2023
全国乙卷 that/which that-whose
新高考I卷 that
2022 全国甲卷 who
全国乙卷 what-which
2021 新高考II卷 that/which
全国I卷 where
2020
全国II卷 what-which全国III卷 whose what-that
考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：只用关系代词that不用which的场合
只用关系代词that场合 典型示例
先行词既为人又为物时 The horse and its rider that you told me are admired by us all.
先行词被序数词修饰时 This is the first film that I have seen since I moved here.
先行词被形容词最高级修饰 The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.
先行词是nothing, anything, All that glitters is not gold.
all, much, little等不定代词 Is there anything that I can do for you?
先行词被only, very, little, all This is the very pen that I am looking for.
等限定词修饰时 This is the very book that I was looking for.
当主句是以who 或 which Which book is the one that you recommended?
开头的疑问句时 Who is the person that you saw yesterday?
【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
1. The teacher and the books ________ he recommended were excellent.
2. She is the tallest girl ________I have ever seen.
3. There is nothing ________ can stop me from achieving my goals.
4. The third place ________ they visited was the Great Wall.
5. This is all ________ I want to say at the meeting.
6.（2014全国I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.
7.（2015全国I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops
and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
【答案与解析】
1. that。先行词既为人又为物时，只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
2. that。先行词被形容词最高级修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
3. that。先行词是nothing, everything等不定代词 只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
4. that。先行词被序数词修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
5. that。先行词是nothing, all等不定代词 只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
6. that。先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句作主语，不能省略。故
填which/that。
7. that/which。先行词指物，为Li River，从句缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。
故用that/which。
要点精讲2：只用关系代词that不用which的场合
典型场合 典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 This is the English dictionary, which cost me $10 yesterday.
整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗 Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the
号。 office.
用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如 Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?
in which, both of which等，标志为 We have entered into an age at which dreams have the best介词。 chance of coming true.
【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
8. July 1, 1921 was the day ________ we will not forget.
9. Lillian works in a government office in ________ there are many different departments.
10. Please tell me the reason ___________can explain your absence reasonably.
11.(2020全国II卷改编) Thank you for your letter, ___________ really made me happy.
12. (2017全国III卷) But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that
she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案与解析】
8. that/which。空白处先行词是day，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填that/which。
9. which。这是“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词是office。故答案是which。
10. which。空白处先行词是reason，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填that/which。
11. which。逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物
that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
12. who。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句；先行词指人，作主语，不能用 that或which。故答案是
who。
要点精讲3：that还可以用作关系副词，表示方式，相当于in which，此时that可可以省略。
The way i n whic h / tha t / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple. 他向我们解释这个句子的
方式很简单。（the way在定语从句充当方式状语）
I don’t like the way that/in which you speak to your mum. 我不喜欢你对妈妈说话的方式。（the way
在定语从句充当方式状语）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
13. Women don’t think in the same way ___________ men do.
14. I think highly of the way in ___________you remember English words.
【答案与解析】
13. that。这里that men do是定语从句，修饰先行词way。换言之，the way在后边定语从句作方式状语。
故填that。
14. which。这里in ___________you remember English words是定语从句，修饰先行词way。换言之，
the way在后边定语从句作方式状语，that-in which。故填that。
考点清单二、关系代词whose, who, whom典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：关系代词whose的用法
1. whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人或物；
2. 有时用于“介词+whose+名词”结构；
3. whose+名词=the +名词+of whom/which=of whom/which+ the +名词。
Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.运气从不帮助丧失勇气的人。（先行词是man，指
人）He has written a book whose name I have completely forgotten. 他写了本书名我完全忘记了的书。
（先行词是book, 指物）
Look at the building, whose roof=the roof of which=of which the roof is red. 看那栋楼,楼顶的颜色是红色。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. This kind of book is for children _________ native language is English.
2. The house the windows of _________ are broken is empty.
3. This is Mr Smith, with _________ help I’ve made great progress in grammar.
4. Which book is the one ________ writer has won the Nobel Prize in Literature?
5. (2017 江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve
worldwide starvation.
6. (2018 天津卷) Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in
Australia.
【答案与解析】
1. whose。句意：这种书是给母语为英语的儿童看的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，
先行词是children，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”。故填whose。
2. which。the windows of which=whose windows。故答案是which。
3. with whose。with one’s help表示“在……帮助下”。故答案是whose。
4. 句意：哪本书是获得诺贝尔文学奖的作者写的？分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是 the
one，指物，关系词在定语从句中作定语，和writer是所属关系，故应用whose引导。故填whose。
5. whose。whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人。故答案是whose。
6. whose。whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指物。故答案是whose。
考点精讲2：关系代词who 和whom的用法
1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及
Those who…句型。
2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意whom作宾语，可
以省略。
3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in Yunnan province.
Mr Wang is my favorite teacher, whom I trust very much.
The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.
【即时训练】用关系代词who, whom, whose填空。
7. The old man has two sons, both of _________ are lawyers.
8. The girl _________ won the first prize in the contest is from Zhejiang.
9. One _________ has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
10. In my opinion, anyone _________ is anxious about the result will fail after all.
11. The rescue teams attempted to rescue the people________ were trapped in the ruins and dust.
12. There is a lake near our schoolyard ________ depth is beyond your expectation.
13. They want to establish a committee or a special academy _______ job is to give recognition to new
drugs.
14. An idiom is a group of words _________ meaning is different from the meanings of the individual
words.15.（2016 全国 III 卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __________lived from
roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
【答案与解析】
7. whom。这是“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指人，只能用whom。故答案是whom。
8. who。定语从句缺少主语，先行词指人，故用who。
9. who。定语从句缺少主语，先行词指人，故用who。
10. who。定语从句缺少主语，先行词指人，anyone who….是特定句型，表示“无论是谁，凡是”，故用
who。
11. who。句意：救援队试图营救被困在废墟和尘土中的人。_____ were trapped in the ruins and dust是
定语从句，修饰the people。关系词在从句中作主语，指人，应该用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
12. whose。句意：我们学校附近有一个湖，它的深度超出你的预料。分析句子结构可知，设空所在
句 ________ depth is beyond your expectation用于修饰前面的名词lake，所以这是一个限定性定语从句，
lake是先行词；根据句意可知，定语从句与先行词之间是从属关系，表示“谁的”，应用关系代词 whose
引导。故填whose。
13. whose。句意：他们想成立一个委员会或学会，其工作是对新药给予认可。分析句子结构可知，“___
job is to give recognition to new drugs”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a committee or a special
academy，设空处在定语从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
14. whose。句意：成语是一组词，其意思不同于单个词的意思。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，
先行词words，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导，表示“……的”。故填whose。
15. who。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指
人，故填who。
考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
1.where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。
2.先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre。
3.还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）。
This is the hospital where my sister used to work. (the hospital是先行词，where是关系副词，在从句中
作地点状语。)
The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here.我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。（定语从句是
主谓宾结构，不缺少宾语）
We have reached the point where a change is needed. 我们已经到了需要改变的地步。（先行词point是抽象
地点）
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。（先行词 job
是抽象地点）
It's put me in a position where I can't afford to take a job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。（先行词
position是抽象地点）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. The accident happened at the point _______ the A15 joins the M1.2. Remember that there is still one point _______ we must make clear tomorrow.
3. Today, we’ll discuss some cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
4. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
5. She wants a job __________ her management skills can be put to good use.
6. (2018江苏) Self-driving is an area __________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
7. He fell into the condition __________where his heart disqualified him for military service.
【答案与解析】
1. where。先行词是抽象名词point，定语从句有主谓宾，应缺少地点状语。故答案是where。
2. that/which。定语从句含有make…clear结构，因此从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
3. where。先行词是抽象名词cases，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。
4. where。先行词是名词letter，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语，相当于 in which。故答案是
where。
5. where。先行词是抽象名词job，定语从句有主谓宾，应缺少地点状语。故答案是where。
6. where。先行词an area在定语从句充当地点状语，故答案是where。
7. where。句意：他陷入这种境地----心脏病使他不符合服兵役的条件。先行词an area在定语从句充当地
点状语，故答案是where。
考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
1.when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状。
2.先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year。
3.还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。
Do you remember the day when we first met? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓
结构，不缺少宾语）
There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（先行词occasions是典型时间
名词）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. I will never forget the months ________I spent with my cousin in Beijing.
2. People are living in an age ________many jobs are done on computer.
3. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
4. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who went missing two years before.
【答案与解析】
1. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
2. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
3. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。注意本句先行词The days和定语从句没有紧挨
在一起，而是被谓语are gone分隔开，形成分割定语从句。故答案是when。
4. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。考点清单五、关系副词why 典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
1.why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状。
2.why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系
代词。
I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。（定语从句是主谓结构）
The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上
第一班公共汽车。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Do you know the reason _______Jim failed to come today?
2. The reason _________Jim failed to come was ________he was seriously ill.
3. Could you tell me the reason _________ he gave you yesterday?
【答案与解析】
1. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是why。
2. why; that。The reason why…is that…是固定句型，表示“之所以……是因为……”。故答案是 why;
that。
3. that/which。本句中定语从句谓语动词gave缺少宾语，因此应该填写that/which。
考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语
要点精讲：先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先
行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；窍门：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才
能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能用关系代词。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Do you still remember the days________ we traveled together?
2. Do you still remember the days________ we spent together?
3. Is this the museum ______ you once worked?
4. Is this the museum ______ you once paid a visit to?
5. Is this the reason _______he was absent from school yesterday?
6. Is this the reason _______he gave for absence from school yesterday?
7. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
【答案与解析】
1. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
2. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
3. where。where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。故答案是to reduce。
4. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，地点名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
5. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是to reduce。
6. that/which。从句谓语动词give是及物动词，从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
7. which。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句，从句about暗示后面缺少宾语。故答案是which。考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：as引导限制性定语从句的用法
1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语；
2. 用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that句型。注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，
而so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。
3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
I never heard such stories as he tells．我从未听过像他讲的那种故事。
They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
This is t he same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典）
He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit.
2. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit it.
3. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work out.
4. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work it out.
5. My pen is missing. I’d like to buy the same pen _______I lost.
6. Jenny is so happy, for she has found the same pen ______ she lost yesterday.
【答案与解析】
1. as。such…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是as。
2. that。such…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是that。
3. so; as。so…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是so; as。
4. so; that。so…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是so; that。
5. as。the same…as…强调“和……是同一类，符合语境要求。故答案是as。
6. that。the same…that…强调“和……是同一个，符合语境要求。故答案是that。
要点精讲2：as引导非限制性定语从句的用法
1. as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。
2. 位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……。
3. 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词；
4. which和as用法区别：
①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后；
②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；
③句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case
with sb等句型。
As is known to all , Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且
位于句首）
Taiwan, a s i s know n to al l, belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且
位于句中）
She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句
末）
As is often the case , girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见
的情况。He sold his new car, whic h mad e m e surprise d. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
7. He failed in the driving test again, _________surprised us all.
8. He failed in the driving test again, _________we had expected.
9. _________ is often the case with Jim, he was fined for speeding.
10. The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
【答案与解析】
7. which。which引导非限制性定语从句，且多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型。故答案是which。
8. as。as引导非限制性定语从句强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”。故答案是as。
9. As。as is often the case with sb引导非限制性定语从句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。
10. as。as引导的定语从句可以插入到主句中间，如本句。故答案是as。
考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构
要点精讲：
1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which；
2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如 to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看
整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。
3.在特定情况下出现“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose作定语
I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house.（先行词the day常与介词on连用）
Can you tell me the reason for which you are so late? （先行词the reason常与介词for连用）
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?（定语从句谓语动词pay for是固定搭配）
Mathematics is the subject in which I am most interested. （定语从句谓语动词be interested in是固定搭配）
Do you like the teacher from whom she learned a lot? （定语从句谓语动词learn from…是固定搭配）
My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, broke down yesterday. （定语从句根据语境应用without
which）
In our class there are 50 students, half of whom wear glasses. （定语从句根据语境应用of whom）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Do you remember the day we first met?
2. Do you remember the month we first met?
3. This is the skirt she paid $100.
4. This is the skirt she spent $100.
5. This is my English teacher, I’ve learned a lot.
6. This is my English teacher, help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress.
7. Can you tell me the way you solve the problem？
【答案与解析】
1. on which。“在某一天”介词用on。故答案是on which。
2. in which。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。
3. for which。pay…for…是固定词组。故答案是for which。
4. on which。spend money/time on…是固定词组。故答案是on which。
5. from whom。从句谓语含有learn from短语。故答案是from whom。6. without whose。with one’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是without
whose。
7. in which。先行词the way在从句充当的方式状语，故答案是in which。
考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法
要点精讲1：先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Anyone who ___________(want) to see the film should put up your hands.
2. I, who __________(be) your friend, can understand you.
3. There are many young people who __________(be) keen on folk music.
【答案与解析】
1. wants。anyone作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故答案是wants。
2. am。定语从句主语是I，对应谓语是am。故答案是am。
3. are。定语从句先行词是many young people，对应谓语是are。故答案是are。
要点精讲2：先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句
谓语用单数。
He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。
She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
4. He is one of the students who ________ (praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
5. He is the only one of the students who ______________(praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
【答案与解析】
4. were praised。先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数。故答案是were praised。
5. was praised。先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。故答案是was praised。
考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查
要点精讲：
1.先行词与定语从句被谓语动词或介词短语分隔开构成“分割型”定语从句;
2.定语从句与强调句型相结合构成“It is/was+被强调部分+定语从句+that…”句式。
3.定语从句与同位语从句区别：前者起限制作用，后者起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的场
合很罕见。（分割性定语从句）
It is in the factory which you are visit i ng that this kind of computer is made. 这种电脑是在你们正在参观的
工厂里生产出来的。（强调句型和定语从句混合考查）
The news that our team won the game made us excited. 我们队获胜的消息令我们很激动。（that引导同
位语从句，且that不作句子成分）
The news that he told us just now made us very excited. 他刚才告诉我们的消息令我们很激动。（that引导定语从句，且that不作从句的宾语）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. The village has developed a lot __________ we learned farming two years ago.
2. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue.
3. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
4. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _______ were translated into foreign languages.
5. A new school will be built in _________was a wasteland a few years ago.
【答案与解析】
1. where。本句是分割定语从句，先行词是the village，定语从句被谓语部分分隔开。故答案是when。
2. where; that。________ my father planted many vegetables是定语从句修饰先行词backyard；后面才
是强调句型。故答案是where; that。
3. which。这是“介词+关系代词”结构。故答案是which。
4. them。and是解题关键，表明这是一个并列句。故答案是them。
5. what。介词in后面接一个宾语，该从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案是what。
分层训练（一）五年定语从句高考真题题组
〖2024年高考真题题组〗
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷） The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the
plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route
____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of
gardening in England.
答案：that/which。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，
中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖
息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行
词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
2.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-
Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national
park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
答案：which。
解析：本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，故答案在which和that间选，而本空
前有逗号，that前不能加逗号，故填which。
3.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make
them the most money.
答案：that/which。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从
句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
〖2023年高考真题题组〗
1.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fablefor Tomorrow”.
答案：as。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具
有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old
fables.
答案：where。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的
环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中
先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
3.（2023全国甲卷）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修
饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，故what改为which。
4.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced
development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical
buildings of the past.
答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世
纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中
担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
5.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked
just perfect.
答案：that改为whose。
考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非
常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词
whose引导。故that改为whose。
6．(2022天津3月卷) Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share
what they wanted to be when they grew up.
A．why B．which C．that D．where
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为
什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从
句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故
选D。
〖2022年高考真题题组〗
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live
within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保
护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设
空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为 species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词 that。故填that。
2.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at
the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省
的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，
在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small
but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
答案：that/who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少
数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句
中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
4. （2022全国乙卷）Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put
our lives in danger.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知
逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用 which 引导。故将what改
为which。
5. (2022天津卷) Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city
or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
答案：C
解析：考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景
点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 traveler；结合句意，路线是给
游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词 for 表示“给……”，先行词为人，故 for 后用
whom。故选C项。
〖2021年高考真题题组〗
1.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an
email urging it to cut back.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它
减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 a
company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
2.（2021 浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of
whether someone is a healthy weight.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否
健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
3.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us findcomfort in the natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。
此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。
4.（2021 北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the
day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联
系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词 everything，关系词在定
语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
〖2020年高考真题题组〗
1.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to
put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在
这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是 a spot，关系词替代
先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
答案：whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词
artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3.（2020全国II卷）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句。逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 your letter，关系词在从句中作主
语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which。
4.（2020 全国 III 卷）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with
appreciation.
答案：what改成that。
解析：这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是 all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或
which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改
成that。
分层训练（二）定语从句易混对比十组
Group 1
1. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ is far away from here.
2. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ lost his parents when he was a baby.
1. which
考查定语从句关系词用法。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Hainan Province，指物，作主语，故填
which。
2. who考查定语从句关系词用法。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The orphan，指人，作主语，故填who。
Group 2
3. The house ___________ window faces south is for the doctor.
4. The house ___________ faces south is for the doctor.
3. whose
考查定语从句关系词用法。本题是定语从句，先行词window在句中作定语。故填whose。
4. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。本题是定语从句，先行词window在句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
Group 3
5. ___________ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
6. ___________ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.
5. It
考查主语从句的用法。It is well-known that…是固定句型，It作形式主语。故填It。
6. What
考查定语从句关系词用法。___________ is well-known to us all是主语从句，又缺少主语和连接词，故填
What。
Group 4
7. ___________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
8. ___________ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
7. Anyone
考查定语从句用法。Anyone who…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用单数形式。故填Anyone。
8. Those
考查定语从句用法。Those who…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填Those。
Group 5
9. We’re just trying to reach a point ___________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
10. Remember that there is still one point ___________ we must make clear tomorrow.
9. where
考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句有主语，不缺少宾语，因此先行词a point作抽象的地点状语。故填
where。
10. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词 one point 在从句充当宾语，make…clear…把……弄清楚。故填
that/which。
Group 6
11. He wrote a letter __________ explained what had happened in the accident.
12. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
11. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句缺少主语，指物，故用that/which。
12. where
考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句有主语和宾语，因此这里表示“在这封信中”，表示地点概念，故
填where。
Group 713.I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her.
14.I don’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific.
13. that
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the way在定语从句___________ you speak to her充当方式状语，可以
填that或in which或省略that。
14. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the way在定语从句___________ isn’t scientific中作主语，指物，故填
that/which。
Group 8
15. Chaplin acted in 82 films, many of ___________he wrote and directed himself.
16. Chaplin acted in 82 films; many of ___________he wrote and directed himself.
15. which
考查定语从句关系词用法。逗号是关键，理解为定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指物，作宾语，
故填which。
16. them
考查定语从句关系词用法。分号相当于and，因此前后应理解为并列句，故填them。
Group 9
17. The teacher didn’t know the reason ___________she was absent yesterday?
18. The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ___________ she explained yesterday?
17. why
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the reason在定语从句充当原因状语，故填why。
18. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the reason在定语从句充当宾语，explained是及物动词，缺少宾语。
故填why。
Group 10
19. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit.
20. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit it.
19. as
考查定语从句关系词用法。语境分析得知这是such…as…引导的限制性定语从句，as充当从句的主语或
宾语。故应用as。
20. that
考查状语从句关系词用法。语境分析得知这是such…that…引导的结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分，that
只起连接作用。故应用that。
分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格
书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。
1. (2023新高考I卷) 学生们如果与一个相处不够融洽的人分组在一起可能会感到不那么有激情。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. (2023全国甲卷) 孔子强调尊重老人这在我们飞速发展的世界中起着指明灯作用。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2022全国甲卷) 设立“世界海洋日”是为了提高保护海洋意识，在全球生态系统中发挥至关重要作用。___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2022新高考I卷) 这是一个很不错栏目，你可以在这里和学生分享自己的想法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2022全国甲卷) 面临互联网各种各样信息，我们不能分辨真假，这对于我们的学习和生活非常有害。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. (2021全国乙卷) 首先，我们最好在家遵循学校时间表，这肯定会有助于我们学习效率。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2021新高考I卷) 该报纸推崇很多栏目，其中中国文化是我最喜欢的。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. (2021浙江卷) 多数学生看好这次展览，这提供一个平台让他们了解中国之美，体验中国艺术的魅力。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
9. (2020全国I卷) 就我来说，我爸爸是我最崇拜的人。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2020全国II卷) 我们先采摘那些色彩鲜艳的桃子，然后摘那些成熟柔软的桃子。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. Students may feel less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with.
2. Confucius stressed respect for elders, which serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced world.
3. World Oceans Day was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in
global ecosystem.
4. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students.
5. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we can't tell the difference between the true and the
false, which may be harmful to our study and life.
6. First of all, we'd better obey our school timetable at home, which will surely contribute to our learning
productivity.
7. The newspaper boasts a variety of columns, of which Chinese culture is my favorite.
8. Most of the students think highly of this exhibition，which provides a platform for them to
explore the beauty of China and experience the charm of Chinese art.
9. As for me, my father is the person I respect most.
10. We first picked the peaches that were most beautiful in color, then those that were ripe and soft.
分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格
1.(2024浙江1月卷)教练的话让她瞪大了眼睛，她简直不敢相信自己居然完成了一英里的跑步，这是她从
未想过自己能做到的。
Wide-eyed with the coach’s words, she couldn’t believe that she had actually completed the mile run,
something she never thought she could do.
2. (2024浙江1月卷)她每走一步，都给那些追随她的人留下了灵感的遗产，她知道即使没有明确的方向
感，也总有办法找到自己的路。
W ith each step she took, she left behind a legacy of inspiration for those who followed in her footsteps,
knowing that even without a clear sense of direction, there's always a way to find one's way.
3. (2023新高考I卷)我一手拿着奖杯，一手拿着奖状，眼睛投向老师，老师竖起大拇指，眼里闪烁着喜悦和骄傲。
With prize cup in one hand and award certificate in the other hand, I threw my eyes at my teacher, who
gave me a thumbs up, with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride.
4. (2023新高考I卷)那匹曾经心存疑虑，一度想过退出的疲惫的马，继续前行，驶向终点。
The tired horse who once had doubts and once thought about quitting, kept going and made it to the
destination.
5. (2023新高考I卷)我永远不会忘记这段经历，它将永远是我一生中最珍贵的回忆之一。
I will never forget this experience, which will always be one of the most precious memories of my
life.
6. (2023新高考I卷)我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
I am grateful to my teacher , whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential .
7. (2023浙江1月卷)我忍不住赶回了那座废弃的房子，它不小心飞了进来，被困在那里，无助而绝望。
I couldn’t help hurrying back to the deserted house where it accidentally flew in and was trapped , helpless
and desperate.
8. (2023浙江1月卷)这是一个真正温暖人心的时刻，永远不会消失。
48 . It was a truly heartwarming moment and one that would never vanish.
9. (2022新高考I卷)大卫又恢复了他一贯的笑容，这给我留下了深刻的印象。心若有志，没有什么是不可
能的。。
David’s usual toothy smile came back again, which left a deep impression on me. Nothing is impossible to a
willing heart.
10. (2021新高考I卷)妈妈咬了一口三明治，大声说这是她吃过的最好的三明治。
Mother bit into a sandwich and exclaimed it was the best sandwich she had ever tasted.
分类训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空
神十七神十八两个乘组会师中国空间站Shenzhou XVIII manned spaceship successfully 1 (dock) with the space station at 3:32 am on
April 26 2024, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). The whole process took 2
(approximate) 6.5 hours.
The spaceship, atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket, blasted off at 8:59 p.m. from the Jiuquan Satellite
Launch Center in northwest China. About 10 3 (minute) after the launch, the Shenzhou-18 spaceship
separated from the rocket 4 entered its designated orbit. The crew members are 5 good
shape and the launch is 6 "complete success," the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) announced.
While in orbit, the Shenzhou-18 spaceship is scheduled 7 (make) a fast, automated rendezvous
and docking with the space station combination. The Shenzhou-18 crew will rotate with the Shenzhou-17 crew in
orbit.
The Shenzhou-18 crew members are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu, with Ye as the mission 8
(command). The Shenzhou-18 mission marks Ye's second journey into space, 9 (follow) his previous
role as a crew member during the Shenzhou-13 mission from October 2021 to April 2022. Li Cong and Li
Guangsu, 10 belong to the third group of Chinese astronauts, are both embarking on their first-ever
space adventure.
【参考答案】
1. docked 2. approximately 3. minutes 4. and 5. in 6. a 7. to make 8. commander 9. following 10.
who
【文章导读】
据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，神舟十八号载人飞船入轨后，于北京时间2024年4月26日3时32
分，成功对接于空间站天和核心舱径向端口。整个自主交会对接过程历时约 6.5小时。北京时间2024年4
月26日05时04分，在轨执行任务的神舟十七号航天员乘组顺利打开“家门”，欢迎远道而来的神舟十
八号航天员乘组入驻“天宫”。
据了解，在空间站工作生活期间，神舟十八号航天员乘组将进行多次出舱活动，开展微重力基础物理、
空间材料科学、空间生命科学、航天医学、航天技术等领域实（试）验与应用，完成空间站碎片防护加
固装置安装，舱外载荷和舱外平台设备安装与回收等各项任务。
