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专题 28 完形填空之说明文类
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一
种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所
面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对
象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或
侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往
往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。说明文类的完形填空的特征如下：
1.文章多用现在时态
说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现
在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述
说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内
容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。
3.文章主题明确，层次分明
说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有
利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
1.利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
2.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后
次等）和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽
象等）。
3.逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离
文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用
法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。
【题型分析】
Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28______ , your body clock is
confused. You're sleepy all day, but when it's time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously
you're 29 _________jet lag(时差反应）.
28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate
29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is
1 _______to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone
could hope to live-if he or she is 2_______ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can
live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_______. They wear
out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die .
1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
检测训练
1、 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not
get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 1 six months out of the year.
"Of course, we 2 it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the
town's tourism office. "We see the sky is 3 , but down in the valley it's darker — it's like on
2
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司a 4 day.”
But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight
from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan
7 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside
were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along
with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a
concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town's central 11 , creating an area of sunlight
roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 , Rjukan residents gathered together.
"People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other," Ro
says. "The town square was totally 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.
"The 3,500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light
feels like more than enough for the town's 18 residents.
"It's not very 19 ,” she says, "but it is enough when we are 20 .”
1. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
2. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
3. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
4. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
5. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
6. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
7. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
8. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
9. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
10. A. day B. night C. month D. year
11. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
12. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
13. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
14. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
15. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
16. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
17. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
B. energy-
18. A. nature-loving C. weather-beatenD. sun-starved
saving
3
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司19. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
20. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
2、There are good stories to be found in nearly every volunteer experience. But Laurie Scott
is positive that 1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.
As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and
caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and the very deeply
meaningful outcomes. Scott 4 Christine, for example, a student from Norway. 5 at a
restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with
6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the
waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.
Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. They had just
moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The
concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 .
Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families and have
been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”
Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their
amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young man from Germany named
Jens, about how Americans volunteer. In Germany, where young people are 14 to spend a
year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the
concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very
involved with local schools.
18 all stories that come out of international exchange, there’s a (an) 19 in this
one: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.
1. A. adopting B. hosting C. raising D. teaching
2. A. international B. promising C. needy D. urban
3. A. relatives B. colleges C. houses D. friends
4. A. misses B. remembers C. praises D. loves
5. A. Queuing B. Working C. Calling D. Ordering
6. A. surprise B. anger C. delight D. fear
7. A. announced B. realised C. explained D. concluded
4
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司8. A. obviously B. frequently C. probably D. originally
9. A. make up B. give away C. take over D. bring about
10. A. talented B. involved C. organized D. relaxed
11. A. familiar B. flexible C. positive D. controversial
12. A. sacrifice B. devotion C. response D. addiction
13. A. teaching B. reminding C. questioning D. warning
14. A. required B. advised C. determined D. considered
15. A. compulsory B. widespread C. valid D. unusual
16. A. frightened B. relieved C. attracted D. challenged
17. A. founded B. inspired C. joined D. permitted
18. A. Except B. Like C. Rather than D. Regardless of
19. A. difference B. anecdote C. amusement D. lesson
20. A. minds B. homes C. eyes D. schools
3、A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a
glass bottle, 2 its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the
bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it
3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist
then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey
that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the
monkey always ignored his 7 . Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8
but without necessarily achieving 9 result.
Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist
instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its
eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the
scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and
not be 14 by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to
understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey’s some psychology is just like
15 of human beings.
1. A. kept B. rose C. fed D. caught
2. A. moving B. removed C. discovered D. covered
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司3. A. happily B. anxiously C. hurriedly D. instantly
4. A. suddenly B. accidentally C. occasionally D. quickly
5. A. as B. that C. what D. until
6. A. But B. When C. Therefore D. Thus
7. A. directions B. explanations C. performances D. instructions
8. A. effort B. strength C. power D. force
9. A. expecting B. interesting C. satisfying D. desired
10. A. what B. how C. why D. which
11. A. Probably B. Likely C. Simply D. Nearly
12. A. put B. send C. pay D. shift
13. A. gesture B. mouth C. hand D. eye
14. A. taken away B. taken off C. taken over D. taken on
15. A. that B. the C. those D. this
4、When my daughter, Mia, was invited to a kids’ pool party, my heart sunk. My 41
sometimes got in the way of me doing activities with her.
There were moments that should have 42 as a warning, like the family party where I
had frightening heart palpitations(心悸) and saw Mia looking at me in 43 , but I just nut it
to the back of my 44 .
One day, one close friend 45 me, “Seriously, you are the biggest YOU I’ve ever seen.
So, from now on you’re coming to the Slimming World group with me.” Later, her words 46
in my mind. There I was, aged 33, overweight and starting to have heart 47 . What would
Mia do if she lost her dad?
48 , I was pulled into the group. With the consultant’s explanation of the eating plan, I
started a dinner with lots of vegetables. The next week, I was 49 to find I’d lost 6 pounds
—this might actually 50 !
With more confidence, I decided to practise swimming, 51 one day being a body-
confident dad, splashing(戏水) around 52 at a pool party with Mia. As I 53 my
swimming distance, my weight loss become even 54 . Mia loved seeing the change in me
and the 55 shone on her face.
I’m also proud of myself for turning my life around, for Mia.
6
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司41. A. weight B. sight C. height D. look
42. A. escaped B. served C. stopped D. disappeared
43. A. joy B. excitement C. curiosity D. horror
44. A. neck B. hand C. mind D. shoulder2
45. A. taught B. laughed C. asked D. warned
46. A. worked B. circled C. woke D. rose
47. A. examinations B. functions C. problems D. researches
48. A. Immediately B. Calmly C. Gradually D. Fairly
49. A. upset B. sad C. amazed D. nervous
50. A. fade away B. settle down C. break out D. pay off
51. A. imagining B. forgetting C. admitting D. worrying
52. A. slowly B. happily C. secretly D. cautiously
53. A. observed B. predicted C. increased D. measured
54. A. evident B. dull C. reliable D. strange
55. A. anger B. anxiety C. fear D. pride
5、As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected
effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to 1 the loss
of water, and this, in turn, slows down the 2 of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result,
these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a 3 death rate.
Climate change also increases the 4 of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes
a while for the forest systems to 5 , and in some cases, the forests are 6
permanently. Trees that are stressed are also 7 to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical
forests, vines that use the trees as 8 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients.
Finally, humans have 9 the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on
the soil, they will never grow as large as the 10 trees that were cut down.
As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, 11
the variety of those systems. 12 , some endangered species are unable to 13 and
die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger
forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 14 poor
vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations 15 out
7
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司on the wonders of forests?
1. A. protect B. prevent C. save D. free
2. A. movement B. situation C. process D. operation
3. A. higher B. firmer C. lighter D. smaller
4. A. choice B. measure C. qualification D. chance
5. A. grow B. rescue C. recover D. decline
6. A. ignored B. lost C. hurt D. left
7. A. accessible B. enjoyable C. acceptable D. favorable
8. A. attention B. command C. trust D. support
9. A. frightened B. paid C. ruined D. wasted
10. A. common B. original C. distant D. strong
11. A. affecting B. improving C. forgetting D. reflecting
12. A. Besides B. Surprisingly C. Otherwise D. Unfortunately
13. A. devote B. keep C. adapt D. lead
14. A. due to B. in addition to C. instead of D. in spite of
15. A. pass B. miss C. break D. bring
6、My family went on holiday for a week this summer. I was surprised to learn the sleeping
71 for the night — my young daughter had agreed to sleep in a first-floor bedroom by herself.
As we 72 , we discussed the deer we had 73 on our way. “I hope we could see
a bear or two this 74 !” my wife shouted. At bedtime, my wife and I went to the upstairs
room, and my parents-in-law (岳父母) headed for a 75 on the first floor. My wife and I
were about to sleep when our daughter appeared with a/an 76 look on her face. She said a
77 was scratching (刮出刺耳声) at her window. I decided it would be best if I slept downstairs
and my daughter shared the room with my wife.
On my way down, I passed my father-in-law, asleep in front of the 78 .
I was in bed only a few minutes when I heard a tap … tap on the window outside. Something
was indeed out there. 79 , it wasn’t a bear — I told myself. I fell asleep soon. Some time
later, I was 80 by a strange sound. I saw a large 81 in the doorway and froze as it
82 closer to me. I realized what it was — only after my father in-law bent down to give me a
kiss. “It’s David.” My father-in-law jumped back. We laughed 83 at the awkward moment,
8
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司and I explained his granddaughter’s bedroom 84 . I told him that the only thing 85
than a bear attack was Papa Bear coming in to kiss me good-night.
71. A. schedules B. arrangements C. plots D. routines
72. A. settled in B. broke in C. looked down D. calmed down
73. A. shot B. hunted C. trained D. spotted
74. A. evening B. week C. month D. year
75. A. study B. kitchen C. bedroom D. bathroom
76. A. worried B. embarrassed C. delighted D. satisfied
77. A. dog B. deer C. cat D. bear
78. A. house B. television C. door D. fire
79. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
80. A. awakened B. interrupted C. impressed D. struck
81. A. figure B. person C. animal D. ghost
82. A. climbed B. jumped C. inched D. rolled
83. A. eagerly B. sincerely C. secretly D. nervously
84. A. preference B. switch C. difference D. choice
85. A. prettier B. funnier C. scarier D. stranger
7、What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word “culture”？ Do you
think of different groups of people across the world with various 1 and clothing? What
about animals?
Sam Williams,executive director of the Macaw(金刚鹦鹉）Recovery Network in Costa
Rica, helps to 2 the impact of the decline of macaw populations by taking birds that were
born 3 and releasing them into the wild. But this process is very 4
＂In a cage,you can't 5 them to know where,when and how to find that food, or about
trees with good nest sites," Williams told ecologist and writer Carl Safina for the Guardian. In the
wild, the parents would be the ones to teach them this important 6
This type of knowledge is known as cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be 7
from the older generation to the newer one. For many species,cultural knowledge is necessary for
8
Culture helps animals to 9 different habitats.For example,some crows(乌鸦）have
9
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other areas, they have
learned to do this at intersections so they can 10 get the food when the cars stop at red
lights.
Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity, using different
tools,taking different 11 routes and using different socializing methods.
These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzee communities. Cat Hobaiter,who
studies chimpanzees in Uganda,said:"It's not just the 12 of populations of chimps that
worries me.I find 13 the possibility of losing each population's unique culture. That's
permanent.”
Culture isn't just for 14 .Culture is also an important part of life in the wild from using
tools to 15 .
1. A. communities B. zones C. traditions D. divisions
2. A. squeeze B. reduce C. wrestle D. delete
3. A. encaged B. enlarged C. encouraged D. ensured
4. A. tentative B. slow C. lame D. abrupt
5. A. elect B. swap C. assess D. train
6. A. brochure B. seminar C. framework D. information
7. A. passed down B. taken up C. followed up D. put together
8. A. management B. survival C. currency D. cooperation
9. A. cater to B. push for C. adapt to D. dive in
10. A. safely B. desperately C. surprisingly D. hopefully
11. A. irrigation B. migration C. suspension D. collision
12. A. loss B. dilemma C. adjustment D. prevention
13. A. enterprising B. flexible C. artificial D. terrifying
14. A. animals B. plants C. humans D. nails
15. A. refreshing B. weeping C. negotiating D. socializing
8、He loves visiting with the people on his route and is always looking for ways to help the
neighborhood during his more than 12-hour long shifts.
So, when the 86 in his Georgia community moved entirely online in the spring,
Finley, or “Mr. Adam” as the kids call him, couldn’t help but feel 87 for the students stuck
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司inside all day; some going 88 or months without seeing their classmates 89 .
One day during his daily route in Stone Mountain, Finley decided to do something to help
90 the spirits of the Jones sisters, Eva, 7, and Aria, 6. “These girls haven’t been able to go to
school or see their 91 all year,” Finley told CNN. “I thought, ‘What can I do to bring a
smile to their faces? Something different, something to bring some excitement for the day. ”
After checking with the girls’ parents, Finley 92 some cards out of his pocket and
started the first of many games of Tic-tac-toe(井字棋).
It was an instant 93 .
Every morning for the next few weeks, Eva and Aria would run out to the 94 to make
their strategic moves, leave the cards in the mailbox, and wait for “Mr. Adam” to make his 95
when he returned with their mail the following day.
Finley says he would let the girls win so he can reward them with a 96 . “They are
always so excited to win,” Finley said. “I’ve surprised them with gift cards for ice cream, flavored
popcorn, anything to make them 97 .”
Finley, who has two grown children of his own, says he feels for the young kids not being
able to 98 the joys of in-person school this year. “When it’s 7:30 in the morning and those
girls are all excited waving at the door, that’s my 99 ,” he said.
“It was what they 100 every morning, seeing what move he would make,” the girls’
mother, Erin Jones, told CNN. Jones said that although 2020 has been tough she is grateful for the
101 it taught her and her family about 102 the small moments in life.
“Insignificant moments of ‘normal’ are now extremely important,” Jones said. “The USPS
(美国邮局) may have had a hard year, but there’s no doubt in the Jones house that the Christmas
spirit is 103 and well because of one of their best 104 ,” she added. “Thank you,
Mr. Adam, for bringing such 105 to such a dark year. ”
Nowadays Finley is playing the game with other neighborhood kids.
86. A. mails B. schools C. factories D. communities
87. A. sorry B. excited C. grateful D. ashamed
88. A. seconds B. days C. weeks D. centuries
89. A. on purpose B. by accident C. at once D. in person
90. A. upset B. control C. lift D. develop
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司91. A. classmates B. relatives C. parents D. scholars
92. A. drew B. put C. hid D. persuaded
93. A. game B. hit C. incident D. entertainment
94. A. house B. mailbox C. vehicle D. classroom
95. A. move B. decision C. suggestions D. comments
96. A. book B. prize C. trip D. Tic-tac-toe
97. A. calm B. proud C. smile D. sigh
98. A. observe B. satisfy C. sacrifice D. experience
99. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. program D. reward
100. A. was afraid of B. was ashamed of
C. looked up to D. looked forward to
101. A. information B. lesson C. knowledge D. policy
102. A. appreciating B. recording C. recalling D. confirming
103. A. awkward B. annoyed C. alive D. anxious
104. A. customers B. colleagues C. citizens D. employees
105. A. concept B. promise C. light D. virtue
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