文档内容
第 22 讲 定语从句
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】关系代词引导定语从句的考查
【题型二】关系副词引导定语从句的考查
【题型三】介词+关系代词引导定语从句的考查
【题型四】定语从句中涉及时态、语态、主谓一致的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 关系代词引导定语从句的考查
1.(江苏省连云港外国语学校 2023-2024 学年高三试题)Yet, the form of the fable still has values
today,_______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
【答案】as
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具
有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
2.(江苏省南通市如皋市 2023-2024 学年度高三调研试题)Dai suggested prioritizing academic travel for
young people, health-focused tourism for the elderly as well as introducing tourism products meet
visitors’ budgets while suiting their preference.
【答案】 that或which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:戴建议优先为年轻人提供学术旅游,为老年人提供健康旅游,并推出既符
合游客预算又符合他们喜好的旅游产品。此处是限定性定语从句,修饰先行词 products,在从句中作主
语,指物,应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
3.(河北省任丘市第一中学 2023年高三试题)Taoism holds that there are basic, everlasting and supernatural
principles in the earth are called “Tao”, suggesting softness, quietness, emptiness and harmony.
【答案】which
【解析】考查关系代词。句意:道教认为,地上有基本的、永恒的、超自然的原则,这些原则被称为“道”,暗示着柔软、安静、空虚和和谐。句中包含定语从句,先行词是principles指物,在定语从句中作
主语,用关系代词which引导,因为前面已经有that作连接词,所以此处只能用which,故填which。
4.(2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题)Within six months, she was assigned to a higher position
________usually took four years to achieve.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在六个月内,她被分配到一个通常需要四年才能获得的更高职位。分析句
子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词position,先行词为物,从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词that
或which作引导词。故填that/which。
5.(辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷)Shyness is a force prevents us from realizing our
potential and enjoying the company of other people.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:害羞是一种阻碍我们发挥潜能和享受与他人相处的力。分析句子结构可
知,该句是定语从句,先行词force(力)指物,从句中缺少主语,因此需使用关系代词that或which在从
句中作主语。故填that/which。
6.(江苏省镇江市2023-2024学年高三试题)The story of the deep friendship between poet Gao Shi and the
master of romantic poetry Li Bai offers a glimpse into the star-studded history of the Tang era,_________ is often
seen as a golden age in Chinese history due to its economic prosperity and cultural integration and advancement.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:诗人高适和浪漫主义诗歌大师李白之间深厚友谊的故事,让我们得以一窥
唐代星光熠熠的历史。由于经济繁荣、文化融合和进步,唐朝通常被视为中国历史上的黄金时代。空格处
引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Tang era,关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语,用关系代词 which
引导该定语从句。故填which。
7.(河北省新时代NT教育2023-2024学年高三试题)China’s national parks are specific land or sea areas
______main purpose is to preserve the nationally representative natural ecosystems of the country and realize the
scientific protection and reasonable use of natural resources.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国的国家公园是特定的陆地或海域,其主要目的是保护具有全国代表性
的自然生态系统,实现自然资源的科学保护和合理利用。分析句子可知,这里考查定语从句。先行词是
land or sea areas,作从句中定语修饰名词短语main purpose。故填whose。
8.(广东省梅州市曾宪梓中学 2023 年高三质检试题)Famous for carrying his tennis rackets in a bamboo
basket, Wang Fa, a 14-year-old dark horse, won the U14 boys’ singles title in the Guangzhou stop of the
2022 ASICS Tennis Junior Tour, has become an internet sensation.
【答案】 who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在2022年ASICS网球青少年巡回赛广州站获得U14男单冠军的14岁黑马
王发,因把网球拍放在竹篮里而出名,成为网络红人。该空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 Wang Fa,
关系词在定语从句中作主语,指代人,用关系代词who引导。故填who。
9.(2024 届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷)There is a saying among the archaeological circles inChina______ goes, “A page from a book of the Song Dynasty is worth a tael of gold”.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国考古界有一句俗语,“一页宋版,一两黄金”,指的是这些古籍的重
要性和很高的价值。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词saying,先行词指物,在从句
中作主语,应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
10.(广东省江门市新会一中2023-2024学年高三试题)The simple truth is that singing makes you happy. It
releases endorphins(内啡肽), a chemical reduces pain.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它会释放内啡肽,这是一种减少疼痛的化学物质,让你感觉更快乐,并减
少压力。分析句子可知,空处及其后的内容为定语从句,先行词为“a chemical”,在从句中作主语,所以
空处用关系代词which/that,故填which/that。
题型二 关系副词引导定语从句的考查
1.(河北省高碑店市崇德实验中学2023年高三试题)But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow
their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, they live in tents and enjoy their traditions.
【答案】where
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:但每年春天,仍有一小部分萨米人跟随他们的驯鹿进入萨雷克山谷,住
在帐篷里,享受他们的传统。分析句子可知,此处为关系副词 where引导的非限制性定语从句,关系词指
代先行词the valleys of Sarek在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。
2..(湖南省邵东市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)The reason this traditional flatbread happens to
be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport.
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里流行,是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。
空格处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 reason,关系词在定语从句中作原因状语,应使用关系副词
why。故填why。
3.(辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校2023-2024学年高三试题)For instance, knowledge of places the surface-
ocean microbial ecosystem is changing might be useful for identifying regions of the open ocean to set up marine
protected areas.
【答案】 where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如,了解海洋表面微生物生态系统正在发生变化的地方,可能有助于确
定开放海洋的区域,以建立海洋保护区。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是 places,在从
句中作地点状语,用where引导。故填where。
4.(江苏省连云港外国语学校 2023-2024学年高三试题)“There was once a town in the heart of America,
__________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some
familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先
行词为town,在非限定性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5.(湖南省岳阳第一中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题)Things started to change for Dafen in 2008, _______
the global financial crisis cut down overseas orders.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:2008年全球金融危机导致海外订单减少,大芬的情况开始发生变
化。分析句子可知,该空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为时间2008,关系词在从句中作时间状语,因此
需使用关系副词when。故填when。
6.(湖南省长沙市第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题)China’s modernization process over the past four
decades has created a new context there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, gnerating
something new and genuine.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。此空前后都有带有谓语动词的句子,所以应填连词来引导从句。该从
句位于名词之后且由前面的名词“context(背景、环境)”可知,后面应该是起修饰作用的定语从句,把名词
还原回定语从句中应该是作地点状语,所以填入关系副词where。故填where。
7.(2023年江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研)However, he could not forget about an earlier time ________ his
village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:然而,他不能忘记,早年间村庄一直在努力应付着严重的空气质量问题。
分析句子结构可知,设空处应填关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是 time,指时间;从句主语是 his
village,从句谓语是had been struggling with,从句宾语是a serious air quality problem,则设空处应填
when,充当从句时间状语。故填when。
题型三 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的考查
1.(江苏省常州市八校2023年高三10月联合调研) Beside scientific missions, the crew also gave two live
science lectures from the space station, during ______ they conducted various experiments and answered
questions from students watching the class on Earth.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了科学任务,宇航员还在空间站上进行了两次现场科学讲座,期间他们
进行了各种实验,并回答了在地球上观看课堂的学生的问题。根据句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语
从句,先行词lectures,从句中作介词during的宾语,用关系代词which。故填which。
2.(2024年湖北省宜荆荆随高三联考)It took them six months to decide on how to restore the books, most of
have suffered damage to their original binding.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们花了六个月的时间来决定如何修复这些书,其中大部分书的原始装订
都遭到了破坏。分析句子可知,空处和most of搭配,引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词books作补充说
明,先行词指物,在从句中作of的宾语,因此应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。3.(湖南省部分校2023-2024学年高三试题)Why do young Chinese people prefer naked marriage nowadays?
There may be lots of reasons, two of overweigh the others.
【答案】 which
【解析】考查定语从句中。句意:可能有很多原因,其中两个比其他的更重要。先行词lots of reasons在非
限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语,指事,用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
4.(湖南省三湘创新发展联合体2023-2024学年高三试题)The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters, in _
Sun stresses the importance of positioning in military strategy and flexibility in responding to ever-changing
situations on the battlefield.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:《孙子兵法》共分13章,在这些章节中,孙强调了军事战略中的定位和灵
活应对战场上不断变化的情况的重要性。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词13 chapters指物,在定语从
句中作介词in的宾语,需用which引导。故填which。
题型四 定语从句中易错点
1.(湖南省邵阳市邵东创新实验学校2024届高三试题)The remarkable development of this city, is
consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something
new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这个城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世
界,意味着这里总是有新的东西要发现,我可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京。此处是非限定性定语从句,
先行词是this city,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。
2.(2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考)The 19th China International Cultural Industries Fair kicked off in
Shenzhen in South China's Guangdong province on June 7, 2023, is expected to promote the
development of the country's cultural industry.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句,which在定语从句中作主语,指代整个句子内容。
3.(2023-2024学年河北省省级联测高三试题)In particular, the Ling Si Hall, the rituals(典礼)are held,
is a treasure of ancient architecture.
【答案】 where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:特别是举行仪式的灵思堂,是古代建筑的瑰宝。非限制性定语从句修饰先
行词the Ling Si Hall,在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
4.(浙江省名校协作体 2023-2024学年高三适应性试题)It can be easy to let a particular school become a
front-runner early on in your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice — but be sure
to carefully evaluate every school has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each
school.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在你做决定的过程中,让一个特定的学校在早期就成为一个领先者是很容易的,它甚至可能成为获胜的选择,但一定要仔细评估每一个已经录取了你的学校,因为你申请每个学校
都有特殊的原因。这里是定语从句,先行词是every school,指物,从句中缺少主语,且先行词被不定代词
所修饰,只能用that不用which。故填that。
5.(2024年全国高三专项训练) A new school will be built in _________was a wasteland a few years ago.
【答案】what。
【解析】介词in后面接一个宾语,该从句缺少引导词和主语,故答案是what。
题型 语法填空
Passage 1 (23-24高三·广东珠海·模拟试题)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An organization has taken measures 1 (add) chopsticks to the Shanghai Intangible Cultural Heritage
List recently. Xu Hualong, chairman of the organization, says chopsticks are 2 (increasing) ignored in
modern China despite the fact that they are unique Chinese items. August 4th 3 (set) aside as Chopstick
Day by China’s neighbor Japan already.
Chopstick culture in Shanghai 4 (date) back to the Tang Dynasty, when these items 5 (make)
in the City God Temple area, enjoyed widespread popularity.
After opening as a commercial port, Shanghai is proud of 6 (have) the first mechanized(机械化的)
production line for chopsticks, 7 are not only supplied to Zhongnanhai and Diaoyutai State Guesthouse but
also presented to foreign friends 8 gifts.
At present, at least 1.8 billion people use chopsticks worldwide. Chopsticks, though small, serve as 9
means to pass down Chinese civilization. It’s believed that recognizing the cultural value of the custom matters in
the 10 (promote) of Chinese traditions.
【答案】
1.to add 2.increasingly 3.has been set 4.dates 5.made 6.having 7.which
8.as 9.a 10.promotion
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一个组织采取措施将筷子列入上海非物质文化遗产名录的新闻
事件,并介绍了筷子在上海的文化背景和历史渊源,以及筷子在全球的使用情况和其作为传承中华文明的
重要性。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,某组织采取措施将筷子列入上海市非物质文化遗产名录。非谓语动词
担当目的状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to add。
2.考查副词。句意:该组织主席徐华龙表示,尽管筷子是独特的中国物品,但在现代中国却越来越被忽
视。担当本句的状语,用副词形式,意为“越来越……”。故填increasingly。3.考查时态和语态。句意:中国的邻国日本已经将8月4日定为“筷子节”。这里为本句谓语动词,根据
时间状语“already”可知,本句时态为现在完成时;主语为“August 4th”,单数,和动词短语“set aside”之
间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填has been set。
4.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:上海的筷子文化可以追溯到唐朝,当时这些在城隍庙地区制作的物品广
受欢迎。这里为本句谓语动词,主语为“Chopstick culture in Shanghai”,单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数
形式。故填dates。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:上海的筷子文化可以追溯到唐朝,当时这些在城隍庙地区制作的物品广受欢
迎。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“these items”和动词“make”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。
故填made。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:作为商埠开放后,上海自豪地拥有第一条机械化筷子生产线,这些筷子不仅
供应给中南海和钓鱼台国宾馆,而且还作为礼品赠送给外国朋友。非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语,主动关
系,用动名词形式。故填having。
7.考查定语从句。句意:作为商埠开放后,上海自豪地拥有第一条机械化筷子生产线,这些筷子不仅供
应给中南海和钓鱼台国宾馆,而且还作为礼品赠送给外国朋友。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为
“chopsticks”,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语,用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8.考查介词。句意:作为商埠开放后,上海自豪地拥有第一条机械化筷子生产线,这些筷子不仅供应给
中南海和钓鱼台国宾馆,而且还作为礼品赠送给外国朋友。这里为介词的用法,意为“作为”,用介词
“as”。故填as。
9.考查冠词。句意:筷子虽小,却是传承中华文明的一种手段。修饰可数名词单数“means”,表示泛指,
用不定冠词。故填a。
10.考查名词。句意:人们认为,认识到这种习俗的文化价值对于弘扬中国传统很重要。分析句子成分可
知,空处为名词形式。故填promotion。
Passage 1 (2024年重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Distracted driving is an ongoing problem. A new poll by State Farm, 11 insurance company,
proves once again that the roads are full of fools. One in five of the 912 drivers 12 (survey) last
November admitted accessing the Internet on their smartphones while driving. Over the past several months, the
company 13 (conduct) a deeper study. 14 (teenager) and young adults are more addicted to
their phones, and they’re also less experienced drivers, a reason for danger on the roads with a likely 15
(high) percentage of smartphone use while driving.
Despite 16 (acknowledge) the dangers, none of the guilty drivers seems to be ashamed of 17
(them). “I’m not saying it’s the smartest thing in the world,” says Sean Black, a 38-year-old Illinois resident, “but I
guess I just do it anyway.”Maybe, to a certain degree, this behavior will never change 18 a near-accident
or actual crash doesn’t take place. Even then, the change will only happen 19 the basis of each individual
case, and it puts the lives and well-being of innocents at the mercy of those 20 are too lazy to change
their habits.【答案】
11.an 12.surveyed 13.has conducted 14.Teenagers 15.higher 16.
acknowledging 17.themselves 18.if 19.on 20.who
【导语】本文为说明文。文章通过引用保险公司State Farm的民调数据来说明分心驾驶,特别是开车时使
用智能手机的问题,并分析了这一行为的主要群体特征及其潜在危害。
11.考查冠词。句意:州立农场保险公司,一家保险公司,进行的新民调再次证明,路上到处都是傻瓜。
insurance company为可数名词单数形式,此处表示泛指“一家保险公司”,且insurance发音以元音音素开
头,应用不定冠词an。故填an。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意:在去年11月接受调查的912名司机中,有五分之一的人承认在开车时访问智
能手机上的互联网。本句谓语为admitted,此处为非谓语动词,survey“调查”与drivers之间为动宾关系,
且表示动作已完成,因此用过去分词,作后置定语。故填surveyed。
13.考查时态、主谓一致。句意:在过去几个月里,该公司进行了更深入的研究。conduct“实施”。根据
时间状语Over the past several months可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语the company为第三人称单数,助
动词用has。故填has conducted。
14.考查名词的数。句意:青少年和年轻人更沉迷于他们的手机,而且他们也是经验较少的司机,这是道
路上存在危险的一个原因,可能有更高的比例在开车时使用智能手机。teenager“青少年”为可数名词,青
少年不止一个,应用名词复数形式,与young adults并列,作主语。故填Teenagers。
15.考查形容词比较级。句意:青少年和年轻人更沉迷于他们的手机,而且他们也是经验较少的司机,这
是道路上存在危险的一个原因,可能有更高的比例在开车时使用智能手机。根据上文less experienced
drivers可知,此处暗含比较,应用比较级形式higher“更高的”,作定语,修饰名词percentage。故填
higher。
16.考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管承认了危险,但似乎没有一个有罪的司机为自己感到羞耻。despite为介
词,后接acknowledge“承认”的动名词acknowledging,作Despite的宾语。故填acknowledging。
17.考查代词。句意:尽管承认了危险,但似乎没有一个有罪的司机为自己感到羞耻。司机们没有为“他
们自己的行为”感到羞耻,此处用反身代词themselves“他们自己”,来指代上下文中提及到的the guilty
drivers“内疚的司机”他们自己,作of的宾语。故填themselves。
18.考查条件状语从句。句意:也许,在某种程度上,如果没有发生近乎事故或实际的撞车事故,这种行
为永远不会改变。空处引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,应用if引导。故填if。
19.考查介词。句意:即便如此,这种改变也只会发生在每个个案的基础上,它将无辜者的生命和福祉置
于那些懒得改变习惯的人的摆布之下。on the basis of为固定短语,意为“基于……”。故填on。
20.考查定语从句。句意:即便如此,这种改变也只会发生在每个个案的基础上,它将无辜者的生命和福
祉置于那些懒得改变习惯的人的摆布之下。空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词代替先行词
在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。1.(2024年北京卷)Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him
stay healthy during his long life.
【答案】who
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:Tinniswood不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保
持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tinniswood,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应
用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make
them the most money.
【答案】that/which。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从
句中缺少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
3.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced
development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings
of the past.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世
纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担
当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
4.(2023全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable
for Tomorrow”.
【答案】as。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具
有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
5.(2022浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small
but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【答案】 that/who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的
少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词 academics后为定语从句且在从
句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
6.(2022全国甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at
the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为 Cao Shengkang,指人,
在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
7.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live
within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在 Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保
护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空
处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
8.(2021新高考II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an
email urging it to cut back.
【答案】which或that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它
减少使用塑料。分析句子结构,_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,
关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。
9.(2021北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day,
trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】 that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧记忆联
系起来。分析句子结构可知,空处需用连接词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词 everything,关系词在定
语从句中作主语,所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
10.(2021浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication
of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作主语,而先行
词tool为物,故此处要填关系代词that或which。
11.(2021天津卷)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills
and teach the visitors.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在中国艺术节上有不同的展台,在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给
参观者。分析句子成分可知,stands 作先行词,空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ,从句中不缺主宾
表,故选关系副词,先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语,所以应用where。
12.(2021天津卷)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we
can learn without repeating them.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:威廉•哈斯蒂曾经说过,历史会告诉我们过去的错误,我们可以从中学习
避免重复犯错。分析句子可知,past mistakes为现行词,_________ we can learn without repeating them.为定
语从句,从句中谓语动词can learn可知,要从过去的错误中学习,learn from“从……中学习”,可知应用from which引导定语从句。
13.(2020江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限
定性定语从句,先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语,应使用关系代词which引
导。
14.(2020新高考卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of
the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心
藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词
which/that引导。故填which/that。
15.(2020全国III卷)In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s
reputation had made him proud.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词
artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。