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专题 10 定语从句(讲义)
目 录
考点 定语从句 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
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【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
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考向1 考查定语从句中的关系代词-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
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考向2 考查定语从句中的关系副词-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
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考向3 考查非限制性定语从句中的关系词----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
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考向4 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
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考向5 考查定语从句中whose的用法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
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【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
1．定语从句中的关系代词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
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2． 定语从句中的关系副词-------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
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3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
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4．限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
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定语从句考点的解题关键------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
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定语从句考点的解题注意事项-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页
【题型特训·命题预测】-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
预测考向1 考查定语从句中的关系代词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
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预测考向2 考查定语从句中的关系副词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
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预测考向3 考查whose引导的定语从句--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
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预测考向4 考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
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预测考向5 考查as，which引导的非限制性定语从句-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
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预测考向6 考查定语从句中特殊的关系词---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
页考点 定语从句
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考定语从句考向分布。
考点
定语从句
题型
2023 试卷类型 定语从句 考点
语法填空
2023·全国乙卷 that/whcih 关系代词
2023·全国甲卷 as 非限定性定语从句
2023·全国甲卷 that/who 关系代词
2022 2022·新高考I卷 where 关系副词
2022·全国甲卷 who 非限定性定语从句
2022年浙江1月 that/who 关系代词
2021 2021新课标II卷 that/which 关系代词
总结高考考点，探究定语从句的命题规律。
近年来，高考对定语从句主要考查：考查定语从句中的关系代词、关系副词；非限制性定语从句的关
系词；定语从句中的特殊情况的关系词。
考点要求 考题统计 考情分析
【命题规律】
关系代词 3年4考
根据新高考三年的考情分析，定语从句主要集中考查：限制性
定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；非限制性定语从句的关系
关系副词 3年1考 词；作文范文中常用定语从句。
【命题预测】
非限制性定语从句 3年2考
2024年高考还会集中考查定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的
运用；考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。考向1 考查定语从句中的关系代词
1.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______welcomes the fast-paced
development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings
of the past.
2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live
within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
只用that而不用which的情况
当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。
3.（2022·1月新高考浙江卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a
small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change.
4. （2021•新高考Ⅱ卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an
email urging it to cut back.
考向2 考查定语从句中的关系副词
1.（2020新课标I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had
to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort
in the natural world.
考向3 考查非限制性定语从句中的关系词
1.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A
Fable for Tomorrow”.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别：
2.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are
seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to
enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many
age-old fables.
3.（2022·全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the
age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
考向4 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．（2021·天津卷3月） William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ________
we can learn without repeating them.
2．(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from__________students can choose for free.
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分
与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been
proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their
dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换
为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful
place for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作
考向5 考查定语从句中whose的用法
（2020新课标III卷）In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.定语从句考点的必备知识：
一、定语从句中的关系代词
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
2．只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。
◆I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。
◆The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
◆They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
3．as和which的区别
关系代词as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般情况
下二者可互换使用，但有下列区别：
(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。
①As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can.
＝A computer can do almost everything people can，as anybody can see.任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做
人所能做的一切事。
②Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.因此，
这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。
(2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported
in the newspaper等。
She passed the exam, as was expected.
她通过了考试，这是预料之中的事。
【易错提醒】 (1)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；
(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the
same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
二、定语从句中的关系副词
关系副词引导的定语从句
在从句中
关系副词 先行词
的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation, point, activity，case, stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
①We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
【易错提醒】当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关
系副词where引导。
三、 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整
体的关系。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为
“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place
for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
四、 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影
与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达
响整个意思的表达
不用逗号分开 一般用逗号分开
可用关系代词that 不可用关系代词that
关系代词that，who，which/whom在从句中作宾语时
关系代词不可以省略
可以省略
关系代词whom作宾语时可用who或that替代 关系代词不能替代
读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调
既可修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，用逗号分
只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子
开。
定语从句考点的解题关键：
1．认识主句结构
主句结构完整，定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。
2．避免成分重复
在定语从句中，不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，关
系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等；关系副词通常充当状语。因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词
或关系副词相重复的成分。
3．确定句子成分
首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容；其次，根据定语从句中
所缺少的成分，分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，然后选出正确的选项。
4．弄清逻辑线索
在突破有关“介词＋关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时，一方面，分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词
是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面，要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词——介
词——先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。
5．“分隔式”定语从句
先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时，应先把“分隔”成分分离出来，简化题干结构，再分
析解答。
6．留心标点符号
有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义，对正确掌
握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。
7．注意三大从句的区别
定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表
语、宾语或同位语。
8．弄清位置和意义
在as或which引导的定语从句中，要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置；注意两者在翻译时的
不同表达。
定语从句考点的解题注意事项：
1．确定是定语从句空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就
要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2．掌握三步法解题技巧
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这
一点”。
④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be
known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。
①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
②先行词指物：that/which/whose；
③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。
①缺少主语：that/which/who；
②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③缺少定语：whose；
④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
【易错提醒】1．that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况：
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时；
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时；
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时；
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2．which与as
关系词 which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末
无动词的 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如
搭配上
限制 see、hear、know、expect、remember等
意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样”
【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）考查定语从句的关系代词（2）考查定语从句的关系副词；
（3）非限制性定语从句的关系词；（4）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。
预测考向1 考查定语从句中的关系代词
1.（2024·甘肃省白银市高三上学期联考一模）Originating in ancient China, the Chinese knot is a decorative art
form, involves tying silk strings into various patterns. It is believed to have been created during the
Tang and Song dynasties.
2.（2024·河北省保定市保定市部分高中期中）The fruit has a soft, fleshy and yellow-brown outer layer
is attractive in appearance.
3.（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）At the beginning of every semester, schools
present the courses students can choose from. The courses are very popular because they create chances for
students to participate in various activities.
4.（2018浙江卷）Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once
they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
预测考向2 考查定语从句中的关系副词
1.（2024·广西南宁市高三一模）The painting vividly displays the scene Emperor Taizong of the Tang
Dynasty received a team from Tibetan Tubo Kingdom in 641.
2.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研）However, he could not forget about an earlier time ________ his
village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.
预测考向3 考查whose引导的定语从句
1.（2024·江苏省连云港市月考）A long time ago, there was a mountain named “Chengdu Zaitian” in the vast
wilderness. This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe, members were all tall and mighty like giants.
2.（2024·河北省张家口市第一中学期中）Fan Yang grew up in Nantong, a city abundant in cultural riches dating
back to ancient times. He came from a famous literary family, influence grounded in him a solid
foundation and love of traditional culture and painting.
预测考向4 考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
1.（2024·江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中阶段性联考） There are many different types of quyi-performance
in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the crosstalk is most popular,
2.（2024·湖北省宜荆荆随10月联考）It took them six months to decide on how to restore the books, most of
have suffered damage to their original binding.
预测考向5 考查as，which引导的非限制性定语从句
1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)__________the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will
always stick in the visitor's memory.
2.（2023·江苏省无锡市）If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and
messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, _______can create an always available, or "always-on”
environment.
预测考向6 考查定语从句中特殊的关系词1.（2024·湖北省腾云联盟10月联考）However, here’s one of the most unusual railways break the rules
in order to reach the places other trains can’t roll: Chongqing Monorail (单轨), China.
2.（2024·四川省五市联考月考）As asymbolic food in Chongqing, it reflects that people there have the sense of
integrity and embrace the diversified culture. Almost everything is eatable can be cooked in hotpot, so
eating hotpot is a must when you come to Chongqing!
