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专题 06 简单句、句子成分和基本句型
目 录
简单句、句子成分和基本句型---------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
页
一、分析长难句------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
页
二、完成句子--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页
三、单句语法填空-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
页简单句、句子成分和基本句型
一、分析长难句
1.（2023·全国甲卷） Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to
do a job she can do herself.
【答案】句型分析：此句中Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture是形容词短语做状语，
“she can do herself”为省略关系代词的定语从句，其中宾语从句“how nature solved problems”为observing
的宾语。主句为“she never pays someone else to do a job”。
【句意】她擅长摆架子和拼凑家具，她从不付钱给别人来做她自己能做的工作。
2. （2023·全国甲卷）With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new
research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get
jobs done.
【答案】句型分析：主句为“new research shows that……”。“that more than half of people are planning to
make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.”为主句中的宾语从句。“With millions of
people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks”是with的复合结构作状语。
【句意】在未来几周内，可能会有数百万人开始从事DIY项目，新的研究显示，超过一半的人计划充分利
用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。
3.（2023·全国甲卷） It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of
that book.
【答案】句型分析：so是并列连词，连接两个独立的句子。前句中“that were new to me”是定语从句修饰
先行词ideas,后句中“with my head in and out of that book”是with的复合结构作状语。
【句意】它充满了对我来说是新的想法，所以我埋头读那本书。
4. （2023·全国甲卷）Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand
Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
【答案】句型分析：本句是一个简单句。“who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius
better than you — and then try to explain them.”是定语从句，定语从句含有并列句。注意Nothing……
than……没有……比……。（这里是否定+比较级=最高级）
【句意】句意：没有什么比那些认为自己比你更了解福柯、鲍德里亚或孔子，然后试图解释哲学的人更能
扼杀人们对哲学的热爱了。
5. （2023·全国甲卷）Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames eachphilosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better.
【答案】句型分析：这是并列句，and是并列连词。其中“with a scene on a train ride between cities”是介词
短语作定语，“they can help us do better”是定语从句修饰one thing。
【句意】句意：韦纳以每一章的城市火车往返的场景开始，然后把每个哲学家的作品框在他们可以帮助我
们更好地理解的一件事情的背景中。
6. （2023·全国甲卷）The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen
like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.
【答案】句型分析：这是简单句，其中句子主干为“The end result is a read”，其中“ in which we learn to
wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.”是定语从句。
【句意】句意为：最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样倾听，
像尼采那样没有遗憾。
7. （2023·全国甲卷）Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history,
and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.
【答案】句型分析：该句并列句，and是并列连词。“by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.”是介词短语作方式状语。
【句意】句意：韦纳与历史上一些最重要的哲学家进行了对话，他通过解读他们的信息并添加自己的解释，
他成为了他们中的一员。
8. （2023·全国甲卷）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a
conflicted corner of the American psyche——we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，“which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg,”是非限制
性定语从句，横线后面的“we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams”相当于同位语从句，
是对前文的解释说明。“even as they give us frightening dreams”引导让步状语从句。
【句意】句意：灰熊可能会长到2.5米，体重超过400公斤，灰熊人美国人拥有复杂的心理——我们敬畏
它们，即使它们会给我们可怕的梦。
9. （2023·全国甲卷）Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they
most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
【答案】句型分析：这是and连接的并列句，“that flood into Yellowstone National Park”是定语从句修饰the
tourists，介词短语“from around the world”修饰the tourists。
【句意】句意：问问来自世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客，他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案往往是一样的：灰熊。
10. （2023·全国甲卷）As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century
or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为“they’re increasingly being sighted by humans”，其中“As
grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more”是时间状语从句，
“where they haven’t been seen in a century or more”是时间状语从句中的定语从句。
【句意】句意：随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个世纪以来没有见过的地方，越来越多地被人类看到它们。
11. （2023·全国甲卷）Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice
attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，是 so……that引导的结果状语从句。“ which would loosen legal
protections and allow them to be hunted.”非限制性定语从句，其先行词是前面整个句子的内容。
【句意】句意：它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局曾两次试图将灰熊移出野生动物
保护的清单，这将放松法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。
12.（2023·全国乙卷）Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician
and performed surgery.
【答案】句型分析：这是一个主从复合句，Born to a Jewish family in Florence 是过去分词短语作状语，
where she worked as a physician and performed surgery是定语从句。
【句意】句意：她出生于佛罗伦萨一个意大利犹太人家庭，搬到巴黎担任内科医生进行外科手术。
13. （2023·全国乙卷）Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar either farm fields or
highways sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.
【答案】句型分析：Although引导让步状语从句，either farm fields or highways 作 landscapes 的同位语。
【句意】句意为：尽管中西部地区的景观往往很相似，要么是农田，要么是公路，但我有时会在山丘或湖
泊中发现独特的风貌。
14. （2023·全国乙卷）Still, looking back on the photos they are some of my best shots though they could have
been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
【答案】句型分析：looking back on the photos是现在分词短语作时间状语，though引导让步状语从句，
从句中包含if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去情况的虚拟。
【句意】句意为：尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍是我拍的最好的一些照片，不过，如果我当时能准备
充分并明智地管理时间，它们本可以拍得好很多。
15.（2023·全国乙卷）Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine it is producingmore top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top
the best seller lists.
【答案】句型分析：本句含有由even though引导的让步状语从句。主句中含有两个定语从句，第一个定
语从句由关系代词who引导，修饰先行词top class chefs;第二个定语从句由关系代词whose引导，意思相当
于 the chefs’。
【句意】句意为: 尽管英国的烹饪素以平庸著称，但它正在培养更多的顶级厨师，这些厨师经常出现在我
们的电视屏幕上，他们的烹饪书也经常高居畅销榜之首。
16.（2023·全国乙卷）The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals the African people of Benin and the
Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through
the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.
【答案】句子的主干是 The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the
Incas can speak of their past achievements.句中的 all of whom appear in this book是非限制性定语从句，
whom指代句子的主语 The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the
In case they made是定语从句，修饰先行词 objects. told through things 是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰
history。
【句意】句意为:在本书中出现的加勒比地区的泰诺人、澳大利亚土著、非洲贝宁人和印加人，现在都可以
通过他们实物讲述历史，让他们重获发言权。
17. ( 2023 新高考全国I卷 )At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully
chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
【答案】句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“you will then add back online activities”，其中定语从
句“that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.”修饰前面的名词activities。
【句意】句意为：在三十天结束时，你将添加一小部分精心挑选的在线活动，你相信这些活动会给你所珍
视的东西带来巨大的好处。
18. ( 2023 新高考全国I卷 )In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people
agreed to perform a digital declutter.
【答案】句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“I’ll draw on an experiment”，其中定语从句“I ran in
2018”省略了引导词that，修饰experiment ，另一个定语从句“in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform
a digital declutter.”同样修饰experiment，表示在这个实验中……
【句意】句意为：在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同
意进行数字清理。19. ( 2023 新高考全国 I 卷 )You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for
them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn”，其中and连
接两个宾语从句“what strategies worked well for them”和“what traps they encountered that you should
avoid”，都作learn的宾语。
【句意】句意为：您将听到这些参与者的故事，并了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的哪些陷阱您
应该避免。
20.( 2023 新高考全国I卷 ) Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help
you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices,”，其中
非限制性定语从句“which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter”修饰前面的名词
practices。
【句意】句意为：每一章都以一系列实践作为结尾，这些实践旨在帮助您实现本章的宏伟构想。
21. ( 2023 新高考全国 I 卷 )You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a
minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为You can view these practices as a toolbox，其中“meant to
aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle”非谓语结构为目的状语，定语从句“that words for your
particular circumstances”修饰前面的名词lifestyle。
【句意】句意为：你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生
活方式。
22. ( 2023 新高考全国I卷 )On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which
illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper”，其
中定语从句“which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect”修饰名词paper，
在定语从句中，包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句“what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds”
effect”，作illustrated的宾语。
【句意】句意为：1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯•高尔顿(Francis Galton)发表了一篇论文，阐述
了所谓的“群体智慧”效应。
23. ( 2023 新高考全国I卷 )The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average
of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.【答案】句型分析：该句式复合句，句子主干为“The experiment of estimation showed that”，其中定语从
句“he conducted”省略引导词that，修饰前面的名词experiment，宾语从句“that in some cases, the average
of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate”作showed的宾语。
【句意】句意为：他进行的估计实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计的平均值可以相当准确。
24. ( 2023 新高考全国I卷 )This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t
always the same.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为“This effect capitalizes on the fact”，其中同位语从句
“when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same”作fact的同位语，对其进行解释说明。
【句意】句意为：这种效应利用了这样一个事实: 当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。
25. ( 2023 新高考全国I卷 )Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,
the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
【答案】句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为“the potential implications for group discussion and decision-
making are enormous”，由 although 引导的让步状语从句“Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain”，其中非谓语结构“led by Navajas”作后置定语修饰前面代名词
studies。
【句意】句意为：虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性，仍然存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影
响是巨大的。
26.( 2022新课标全国 I卷 ) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to
complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous
class, lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.
【答案】 主句是由but连接的两个并列句Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be
ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the
previous class/lecture/discussion，but后的并列句中包含drawn directly from assigned readings or notes过
去分词短语作后置定语修饰short in-class writings or tests，so引导结果状语从句。
【句意】 课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接来
自于指定的阅读材料或上节课/讨论的笔记，所以在课堂上认真做笔记是很重要的。
27.( 2022 新课标全国I卷 ) A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes
in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
【答案】 本句的主句为 A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that。第一个that引导宾语从句，
宾语从句的谓语为led to，在宾语从句中有一个that引导的定语从句。修饰先行词speech sounds。【句意】 一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，由于饮食改变，人类咬合发生了变化，从而产生了一些新
的语音。这些语音目前存在于世界上一半的语言中。
28.( 新课标I卷 ) It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more
than 3 billion passenger pigeons –a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the
United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.
【句意】据统计，当旅鸽数量达到最多时，曾超过了 30亿只，这个数量相当于美国鸟类总数的 24%-
40%，使旅鸽成为世界上数量最为庞大的鸟类。
【答案】 本句在“It be+过去分词+that从句”结构； 从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句；3 billion
passenger pigeons和 a number equal…是同位关系。此外，还有一个现在分词短语“making…”作结果状
语。
29.( 2022 新课标全国 I 卷 ) It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
-from“ugly”(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes
thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
【句意】 虽能食用但因“长相难看”就被杂货店主丢弃的蔬菜，大量未食用就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的菜
肴，这些非常不错的食物就这样被扔掉，简直令人吃惊。。
【答案】 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是 how 引导的从句;破折号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说
明;rejected by grocers 及 thrown into restaurant garbage cans 为后置定语，分别修饰 vegetables 和
dishes。
30.(2021新课标全国I卷) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what
research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful.
【句意】尽管关于情商的普遍观点远超出了研究能够支持的合理范围，但大众化的总体效果是利大于
弊的。
【答案】本句是主从复合句。主句 the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful. Although是连词，引导让步状语从句，regarding emotional intelligence run far...为介词短语充当
后置定语，修饰名词beliefs。 What引导名词性从句，本句中充当介词of 的介词宾语，what 在从句中做
support的宾语。
二、完成句子（句型句式在写作中的运用）
1.（2024·广西南宁市高三一模）______________________（我们不仅游览了西湖）, but we also learned
more about its folklores and traditional cultures.【答案】Not only did we visit the West Lake
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：Not only…but also…置于句首时，前半句要用倒装语序。
2. （2024·广西南宁市高三一模）It is a beautiful city, _____________________________（吸引了许多参观
者）from home and aboard.
【答案】attracting lots of visitors
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用现在分词作状语。
3.（2024·河南省信阳市高三上学期一模）Recently, I conducted a survey
on______________________________.
【答案】what books the students in our school like to read
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用what引导的宾语从句
4.（2024·河南省六市重点高中10月调研）I’m so excited to hear that you’re planning to visit my hometown,
___________________________________（我的家乡是一个有丰富文化遗产的美丽地方）and a variety of
attractions.
【答案】which is a beautiful place with a rich cultural heritage
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用which引导的非限制性定语从句翻译。
5. （2024·湖北省腾云联盟10月联考）By the way, have you considered giving us more homework
_______________________________________________（以便我们能更多的练习）and master what you have
taught in class better?
【答案】so that we can practice more
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用so that引导的状语从句
6. （2024·湖北省腾云联盟10月联考）No words can adequately describe__________________________（我
从你的课堂学会了多么多的东西）.
【答案】how much I have learned from your classes
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用how much引导的宾语从句
7.（2024·山东省烟台市期中）We all believe Free Talk not only provides a good opportunity for us to improve
our oral English but also broadens our vision,________________________（我们每天都渴望期待的）.
【答案】to which we eagerly look forward every day
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用 “介词+关系代词which”引导的非限制性定语从句。
8. （2024·山西省名校10月联考）I feel more than worried to know ____________________________（你浪
费了很多宝贵的时间玩网络游戏）and that you have been influenced severely by it.
【答案】that you have wasted lots of valuable time playing the Internet games【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用that引导的宾语从句
9. （2024·山西省名校10月联考）___________（正如我们所知）, the Internet is a convenient tool to improve
our knowledge and skills.
【答案】As we know
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用As引导的非限制性定语从句。
10.（2024·浙江省绍兴蕺山外国语学校检测）, ____________________________（知道你对中国茶文化的热
情很高） I’m writing to share with you the related news about a tea culture exhibition.
【答案】Knowing your strong enthusiasm for Chinese tea culture
【解析】考查句型理解。注意：运用现在分词短语作状语。
三、单句语法填空
1．（2024·广西南宁市高三一模）The painting (vivid) displays the scene where Emperor Taizong of the
Tang Dynasty received a team from Tibetan Tubo Kingdom in 641.
【答案】vividly
【解析】考查副词。句意：这幅画生动地描绘了公元641年唐太宗接见来自西藏吐蕃王国的队伍时的情景。
设空处用副词修饰动词 displays。故填vividly。
2. （2024·河南省六市重点高中10月调研）Arched bridges, sometimes (call) moon bridges, are
high enough in the middle for boats to get under.
【答案】called
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：拱桥，有时被称为月亮桥，中间足够高，船只可以从下面通过。句中已有
谓语动词are且无连词，故空处填非谓语动词，动词call意为“称呼”，和主语arched bridges构成被动关
系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填called。
3. （2024·湖北省腾云联盟10月联考）Big, heavy vehicles that can’t climb steep hills, running on two steel rails
— we’re all familiar with the concept, we call them railways or railroads.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：大型重型车辆不能爬上陡峭的山坡，在两条钢轨上运行——无论是被称作
railway 还是 railroad，都是我们熟悉的概念。根据句意“无论是被称作railway还是railroad，都是我们熟
悉的概念”可知，本句使用固定搭配whether…or…。故填whether。
4. （2024·山东省烟台市期中）Professor Yang Lei and Zhang Liang discussed Chinese poetry and painting while
Dai Jingang exposed the audience to the charm of traditional Chinese medicine and the (wise) of health
preservation.【答案】wisdom
【解析】考查名词。句意：杨磊教授和张亮教授讨论了中国的诗词和绘画，戴金刚教授则向观众展示了中
医的魅力和养生的智慧。根据空格前定冠词the和空格后作定语的介词短语of health preservation可知，应
用名词wisdom，作宾语，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdom。
5. （2024·山西省名校10月联考）The number of families applying for and receiving ecological regulation
permits reached as many as 590, with
they could enter the lake to conduct fishing activities during the permitted periods.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：申请和领取生态调节许可证的家庭多达590户，他们可以在许可期内进入
湖中进行捕鱼活动。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填入关系代词，即“with+关系代词”引导定语从句，
ecological regulation permits (生态调节许可证)是先行词，指物，从句中with后面缺宾语，因此使用which，
故填which。
6. （2024·浙江省绍兴蕺山外国语学校9月检测）Signature dishes of Sichuan cuisine include hot and sour
noodles with sea cucumber. This noodle dish has around 200 years of history. Gold thread noodles
(originate) in Henan province and then spread to Jiangyisu and Zhejiang provinces, before reaching Sichuan.
【答案】originated
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：金丝面起源于河南省，后来传播到江苏省和浙江省，然后到达四川。谓语
动词originate意为“起源于”，结合句意和并列谓语spread可知，句子用一般过去时，故用过去式
originated。故填originated。
7. （2024·浙江省绍兴蕺山外国语学校9月检测）Sichuan cuisine enjoys wide (popular) in China.
Thanks to Sichuan hotpot, the spicy flavors have tickled the taste buds of diners all over the country.
【答案】popularity
【解析】考查名词。句意：川菜在中国很受欢迎。结合句意和形容词wide可知，此处用名词popularity，
作enjoys的宾语，表示“受欢迎”，为不可数名词。故填popularity。
8. （2024·四川省成都市第七中学月考）So it’s very important to create a space children feel seen
and heard, researchers said.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：研究人员说，因此，创造一个让孩子们感受被看到和被听到的空间是非常
重要的。分析句子结构可知，10 children feel seen and heard, researchers said为定语从句，修饰先行词
space(空间)，且从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。故答案为where。9. （2024·四川省成都市第七中学月考）The essence of family connection is children feeling that they’re
accepted and nurtured at home, which allows them (learn)what their strengths and weaknesses are in a
relatively safe environment.
【答案】to learn
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：家庭关系的本质是孩子们觉得自己在家里被接受和培养，这让他们能够
在相对安全的环境中了解自己的长处和短处。动词learn意思是“学习”，allow sb. to do sth.是固定用法，
意思是“允许某人做某事”，故答案为to learn。
10. （2024·甘肃省白银市一模）Workshops and exhibitions (hold) worldwide, allowing people to
learn about this unique form of art and even try their hand at making their own Chinese knots.
【答案】are held
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：研讨会和展览在世界各地举行，让人们了解这种独特的艺术形式，甚至尝
试制作自己的中国结。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，
因句子表达的是一种客观情况，使用一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语Workshops and exhibitions为复数，
故填are held。
