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第 20 讲 简单句、并列句、复合句
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································3
基础详单
知识点 句子分类······················································································································3
考点一 简单句
知识点1 简单句基本句型···········································································································5
知识点2 简单句易错点 ·············································································································5
考点二 并列句
知识点1 逻辑关系辨析 ·············································································································6
知识点2 并列句固定句型···········································································································8
知识点3 并列句易错点 9
考点三 复合句
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································11
2.命题演练······································································································································12
年份 卷别 现在时 考情分析
2024 新高考II卷 and
分析近年高考真题可知，高考对并列句
新高考II卷 or
的考查主语涉及以下几点：
2023 新高考II卷 and 1. 考查and型并列句，连接两个并列的
九省联考 and 名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短全国乙卷 and; but
新高考I卷 and
2022
全国甲卷 or改为and
新高考I卷 and
新高考II卷 and
2021
全国甲卷 but
语、不定式、分词甚至从句等。
浙江卷1月 and
2. 考查or, so, but型并列句，前后句构
成逻辑上因果关系、选择关系、转折关
全国I卷 but改为and
系。
2020 3.考查并列句在短文改错的用法，主要是
全国II卷 for改为but / yet;去掉and
区分前后句逻辑关系。
浙江卷1月 and
【复习目标】
1 . 系统复习并掌握 句子成分、句子的基本【基础详单】
知识点 句子分类
按照句子的用途分为四种： 陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句按照句子的结构可分为：简单句，并列句，复合句
例1. What are the speakers talking about?【2024年新高考I卷听力--疑问句】
例2. I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September.【2024年新高考I卷读后续写--陈述
句】
例3. Practice a traditional dance.【2024年全国甲卷阅读理解--祈使句】
例4. What a cold day it is!=How cold a day it is!多冷的天啊~【感叹句】
例5. Mind your steps!小心脚下！
典例1.（2024年河南省重点中学高三模拟）Tears came to my eyes as I realized a fool I had been to
judge Jim’s father as a failure.
典例2.（2024年全国高三专项检测）Not only the activity was greatly praised but also it raised our
environmental awareness. What a__________ (reward) day!
变式训练1.Unluckily, my pet was killed in an accident. You can imagine how (sorrow) I am now!
变式训练2.How (happy) the girls are playing!
易错提醒：因为本句是感叹句的缘故，副词提前，距离所修饰动词较远，粗心的同学容易错填原形。
考点一 简单句
知识点1 简单句基本句型
简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。简单句有五种基本
句型。即，
主语+谓语： Tom and Mike are American boys./She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall
newspapers.
主语+谓语+宾语：He often reads English in the morning.
主语+谓语+表语：The door remained closed.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补: He won’t allow himself to fail.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语: He bought himself a new car.
名师提醒：句子只有一个主谓结构，但是为了使句子更加丰富，动词可以加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容
词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰或扩句等。即：基本句型 + 修饰成分（定语、状语等）。
知识点2 简单句易错点
1. 英语中一个简单句只能出现一个谓语动词，句子结构辨别错误常将非谓语动词作谓语错用。
（错误）The boy stood there is my friend.
（正确）The boy standing there is my friend.
（正确）The boy who stood there is my friend.
2. There be句型中出现谓语错用。
（错误）There were six students failed the exam.
（正确）There were six students who failed the exam.
3. 作状语的非谓语动词错误用作谓语。
（错误）He entered the room, held an apple in his hand.
（正确）He entered the room, holding an apple in his hand.
（错误）They worked hard, made progress in their studies.
（正确）They worked hard, making progress in their studies.
4. 宾语错用动词形式。
（错误）He wanted help me.
（正确）He wanted to help me.
（错误）He enjoyed played football.
（正确）He enjoyed playing football.
5. 表语错用动词形式。
（错误）My work is help with your homework.
（正确）My work is helping with your homework.
（错误）The purpose is protect yourself from falling objects.
（正确）The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects.
考点二 并列句
并列句: 用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相
互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。
句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句
连接词：连接词可以表达并列、转折、对比、因果等关系。
知识点1 逻辑关系辨析
1. 表示并列或递增关系，常用and , neither…nor, not only…but also 等连词
例1. Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.例2. There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.
例3. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from
the usual hustle and bustle of school life.【2024年新高考I卷写作】
被大自然包围不仅激发了我的创造力，也让我从学校生活的喧嚣中得到急需的休息。
2. 表示选择关系，常用or, either …or 等连词。
例1. We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.
例2. The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to
communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions.
【2021年浙江卷阅读理解】
手势含义的模糊性，要么表明黑猩猩几乎没有什么可以交流的， 要么表明我们仍然对它们的手势和
行动中包含的很多信息一无所知。
3. 表示转折和对比关系 ，常用yet， but， however， while 等词。
but表示完全转折，语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他
成分隔开。yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。
例1. Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
有些运动是在室内进行的，而另一些则是在户外进行的。
例2. You have a point there, but it could also mean children are missing out on much needed exercise and
other life skills. 【2024新高考I卷阅读理解】
你有道理，但这也可能意味着孩子们错过了急需的锻炼和其他生活技能。
例3. In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.
在一些地方，女性需要赚钱，而男性则在家工作，抚养孩子。
例4. One can not see wind, however, it does exist.
例5. I’d like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.
例6. The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.
例7 He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)
例8. It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)
4. 表示因果关系，常用so， for，therefore等连接词。
例1. I didn’t get enough sleep so I didn’t feel very well this morning.
例2. It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.
例3. He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.
5. 表示条件或者结果，常用and或者or等连词。
例1. Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.
例2. Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident .
例3. Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.
例4. You have to move out of the way or the truck can’t get past.
6. 表示递进关系，常用besides， furthermore，moreover等连接副词。
例.Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.典例1.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the
stream and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode
on your tongue.
典例 2.（广东省江门市新会一中 2024 年高三试题) Standing on the stage and performing can be tough,
___________ when you do it in a group, it can help improve your sense of self as well as increase your confidence.
变式训练1.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）“The virtuous man cherishes a respect for the law, the
vile (邪恶的) man cherishes generous treatment. ”
变式训练2.（湖北省武汉市硚口区 2024年高三质检）Geling was once inaccessible as a result of the dense
forests, the opening of the Metog highway in 2013 significantly improved connectivity and created
opportunities for economic growth.
知识点2 并列句固定句型
1. 祈使句，and/or＋主谓结构。
2. 名词短语，and＋主谓结构。
when作并列连词，表示“在那时，突然”；常用于以下句型
3. be about to...when...正要……这时突然……中：
4. ...was/were doing ...when ……正在做……突然……
5. ...was/were on the point of doing ...when ... ……刚要做……突然……
6. ...had just done ...when ... ……刚/一……就……
例1. Climb to the top of the mountain，and you'll get a good view of the city.
例2. Hurry up，or you'll be late.
例3. Another five minutes，and I'll finish the composition.
例4. A few minutes and they went away.
例5. He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.
典例1.Come a little earlier next time, or/otherwise you'll miss the best part of the TV play.知识点3 并列句易错点
1. 用逗号连接两个简单句；
2. 不清楚句意或句式区别造成连词误用。
3. however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折.
4. so不能与because连用。
5. but，while不与although连用，但yet，still可与although连用
名师提醒：1. 逗号前后不能为两句话，要么其中一个是从句，要么有连词连接。2. 注意避免机械地排列
简单句，机械地没有连接词、过渡词的简单句的排列会影响写作的得分。
例1. He was ill，but he still kept on working.
他病了，但他仍然继续工作。
例2. What she said sounded reasonable，Mr. Green，however，didn't believe her.
她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。
例3. There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north.
南方多雨而北方少雨。
典例 1.（广东省执信中学 2023-2024学年高三开学试题）It is the exact same weight, ________the
longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes.”
典例2.（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）Don’t go to a school specifically for a high
school relationship to make someone else happy.
易错提醒：长难句句子较长，句意理解不当，翻译逻辑意思不连贯是造成并列句填词错误的重要原因。
变式训练1.We bought her a birthday present, ______________ she liked it very much.
变式训练2.Everyone in the town knew him, ___________ we had no trouble finding his house.
考点三 复合句
复合句由一个和一个或一个以上的从句构成。复合句包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。主句是一个
完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。
复合句 = 主句 +从属连词+从句；从属连词+从句+主句
1. 名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否会来仍是一个问题。（whether引导的主语从句）
The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.
由主编决定哪篇报导最重要，应安排在头版。（which引导的宾语从句）
That is where he was born. 这就是他出生的地方。（where引导的表语从句）
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听到了我们球队己经获胜的消息。（that引导的同位语从句）
2. 定语从句
The dam, which is the biggest in the world , is 3,830 metres long.
这座水坝是世界上最大的一座，长3830米。（which引导的定语从句）
3. 状语从句：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、条件、比较状语从句
Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the llth floor.
当11层楼起火的时候，大楼内有500人在工作。（when引导的时间状语从句）
典例1.（2024年新高考I卷） If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers
occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.
典例2.（2024年全国甲卷） If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see
which one helps you stick the landing.
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 新课标 II 卷）Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in
Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony
Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s play was
being performed.”
2.（2022新课标I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is
designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems,
preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __________ leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations”.
3.（2022 全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the
ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
____________ cultural exchanges.
4.（2021全国II卷）I found the contact information of the company________ emailed its president.
5.（2020年浙江卷1月）It's also that they are on average healthier_________more productive for longer.
6.（2020年全国I卷改错）First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.7.（2020年全国II卷改错）Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been
out of practice.
8.（2020年全国II卷改错）In order to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for
us.
二、 命题演练
1.（湖北省腾云联盟2023-2024年高三联考试题）The volunteers not only take care of the aged and look after
children but also resolve conflicts, Wang noted, adding that if disagreements, quarrels, any other fights
occur, “Taiping Women” will be there to help.
2.（江苏省2023-2024学年高三学情调研试题）We should trust life and trust our own abilities to understand
what is right and wrong, what decision to make how to solve problems.
3.（湖南省岳阳第一中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题）China is the world’s second-largest art market,
it is not clear where Dafen fits in. Li Jinghu, an artist from nearby Dongguan, often visits the village hoping to
discover new talent.
4.（湖南省百所学校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Before planes and trains brought our world close together,
it was the first link that ever connected the East and the West the life blood of international trade in ancient
time.
5.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）“The virtuous man cherishes a respect for the law, ________ the
vile (邪恶的) man cherishes generous treatment. ”
6.（河北省2023-2024学年高三全过程纵向评价试题）In 2005,Cristóbal Minguez, a Spanish, took a trip to
China with his friend. Although it was a brief one, barely two weeks, it would become a turning point not only in
his career, in his life.
7.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年石家庄市一中高三试题）If one has lost weight during the summer, then at
the beginning of autumn, he she needs to eat many different kinds of delicious food, especially meat.
8.（辽宁省重点高中 2023-2024 学年高三 10 月试题） Volunteer travel can help address social and
environmental issues, contribute to local development projects help with disaster relief efforts.
9.（江苏省南京市第九中学2023-2024学年高三质量调研）They kept their collection at home until it got too
big _______until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
10.（江苏省南京外国语学校 2023-2024学年高三试题）“The tea culture not only reflects a refined taste in
life, it also shows the beauty of craftsmanship people’s creativity,” says Zheng Yi, deputy head of Anhui
Tea Culture Research Society.
