文档内容
►专题 15 高考阅读理解中的长难句分析
讲
考点精
【考情链接】
高考阅读文章均选自外刊，“原汁原昧”，尤其阅读 C篇除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是
文中句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长难句，对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读成绩。那么如何破解
阅读理解中的长难句？长难句构成特征如下：
带有较多成分的简单句
含有多个从句的复合句
含有插入成份的句子
含有省略成份的句子
含有倒装句、强调句
【要点梳理】
破解长难句方法
1. 找谓语，定主语
一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其
主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓
语动词的情况除外）。如
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that
federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent
panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with
recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
【简析】 此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有： was opposed --he; ordered--he; (should) not be used
---federal--funds; had proposed --- no one; asked--he (asked前面有and, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根
据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为 “he ordered... asked ....”, “Declaring that...”作状语。
句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此
类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
2. 提主干，去枝叶（从句等）
一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干
提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：
First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had
baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in
working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Poly
technique.
【简析】本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。 “First put forward by the French mathematician
Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语;“including...”为介词短语作状语;“who made...and who
had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。所以句子的主干为the theorem had baffled and
beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息。
句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家 Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其
中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在 Eco-lab Poly technique理工
学院学习她曾女扮男装。
3. 寻关联，辨逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。
如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句
就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。
Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t
unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night
asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
【简析】“whereas”提示前后对比; not unusual=usual; not...until...直到……才……。
句意：一个女人最亲密的女性朋友最可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻的人;而听见一个男人说，
直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的事。
4. 看搭配，防隔离
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的
干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如：Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products，to some degree，their main selling
points and emphasize it in their advertising.
【简析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型“make+宾语+宾补”，即“使……成
为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。
句意：一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一
点。
5. 关键词，抓线索
有时某些句子句意模糊，读者理不清头绪，这时读者只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。总
之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法
分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如：
We even have different words for some food，meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields
or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper
class Normans were doing most of the eating.
【简析】本句夹杂多种语法结构，而且包含对比。句子的主干为“We even have different words for some
foods，meat in particular”;“depending on...”为分词短语作状语;“whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to
be cooked”作depending on的宾语;“which”引导非限制性定语从句指代上述内容“the fact”后为其同位语，即同
位语从句说明fact的具体内容。
句意：我们甚至对某些食物用不同的单词表达，特别是肉类，这取决于它是长在田野时，还是在家里准备
煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大口地吃。
_____
练
真题演
原文
I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak
the language. （2022浙江高考卷阅读A篇第二段)
【简析】
【译文】
原文This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract
a rich abundance of wildlife.（2022浙江高考卷阅读B篇第四段)
【简析】：
【译文】：
原文
The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a
relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.（2022浙江高考卷阅读C篇第三段)
【简析】：
【译文】：
原文
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a
unit of study you’re enrolled in. （2022北京高考卷阅读A篇)
【译文】：
原文
Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let
pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. （2022北京高考卷阅读B篇)
【译文】：
原文
This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this
example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system. （2022北京高考卷阅读C篇)
【译文】：
原文
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum
computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” （2022北京高
考卷阅读D篇)【译文】
原文
Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and
they’re keeping it as a security blanket —19 percent say they never use it while a further 13
percent keep it in case ofemergencies. （2021全国乙卷阅读B篇)
【译文】
原文
Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that
much in response tototal silence and 85 decibels of background noise.（2021全国乙卷阅读D篇)
【译文】
2022年新高考卷I
1.Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests
drawn directly from assigned readings or notes（ from the previous class' lecture/discussion,）介词短语作定语 so it
is important to take careful notes during class. 结果状语从句，it作形式主语，to take…是真正的主语。
2.Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work （to be completed in class ）or short assignments （to be
completed at home）, 此处为不定式作后置定语表示将来的被动。（both of which will be graded.）。此处为定
语从句
3.An essay（ not submitted in class）（过去分词作后置定语） on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class
period it is late.
原文
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 =
15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be
submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests
drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take
careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short
assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a
zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
B
1.Producing food （that no one eats）此处为定语从句 wastes the water, fuel, and other resources（ used to grow
it.）此处 为过去分词作后置定语。
2.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly
shopping or （whether…or…并列两个方式状语）by asking restaurants to not include the side dish （you won’t
eat）此处为定语从句,” Curtin says.
原文
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I
stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way
too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away —
from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant
garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste
an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of
greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin seesmy arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days.
Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last
year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce
that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for
use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include
the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
C
1.The elderly residents (居民)（ in care homes in London ）介词短语作定语are being given hens to look after
to stop them feeling lonely. 此处是目的状语。
2.Among those （taking part in the project ）现在分词作后置定语is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.
原文
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come
and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been
given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents
really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the
project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really
help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”D
1. A ground-breaking, five-year study shows （that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds
）此处为宾语从句（that are now found in half the world’s languages. ）此处为定语从句修饰sounds.
2. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted (that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies (that ate softer foods.) 第一处that引导宾语从句，第二处
引导定语从句。
3.They discovered （that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐),）此处为
宾语从句 making it hard to produce labiodentals,（现在分词作结果状语） which are formed by touching the lower
lip to the upper teeth.（此处为定语从句）
原文
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year
study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s
languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and
“v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián
Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard
to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an
overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be
so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages
after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These
sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved
around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance
of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay
of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.2022 年新高考卷II
B
1.We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.（介词短语作定语）
2. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer（介词短语作状语） which was loaded with
colorful pictures(定语从句) that come alive(定语从句) when you poke them.（时间状语）
B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even
realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I
had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page
even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy
with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my
storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I
use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I
have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a
video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will
make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
C
1. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else（宾语从句）
that is not allowed（定语从句） under New York's hands-free driving laws.
2."We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,（定语从句修饰books）” said Félix W.
Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.（定语从句）
原文Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a
wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving,
as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an
old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work
like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to
check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted,
emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the
state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be
more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
D
1.As we age（状语从句）, even if we’re healthy,（状语从句） the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen
as it used to be.（as…as…像…一样）
2. Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64（形容词短语作定语） who did not
exercise much but were otherwise healthy.（定语从句）
3. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects
of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.（不定式作目的状语）
原文
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most
people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start
even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry
and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.
Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in
shape now may help improve your aging heart.Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were
otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of
nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-
intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second
group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the
reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more
blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has
flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start.
But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of
an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
2021年新高考卷I
B
1.He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.（分词短语作定语修饰those）
2. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn
which they need to practise with their page turner.（定语从句）
原文
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but
as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four
years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow
of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you
find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50
page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their
own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the
next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I
was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked
her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have
to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
C
1. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades（定语从句） to decimate
a large part of these resources.（it takes …to do sth做某事花费某人…）
2. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing
waterfowl habitat.(分词短语作结果状语)
3. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase
wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System（不定式作目的状语） — a fact
that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.（作fact的同位语从句）
原文
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these
resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious
sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly
reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took
firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under
this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The
very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who
at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters
willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase
wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will
be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into thatFund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called
one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
D
1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that
cannot be measured by an IQ test,（定语从句） such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism
and “people skills.”
2. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as(describe…as…把…描述为) a specific set of skills that can be
used for either good or bad purposes.（定语从句修饰skills）
3. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence（介词短语作定语） run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support,（what 引导宾语从句） the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful.
4. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers,
educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.（形容词短语作定语）
原文
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感 的) intelligence. Many people
now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured
by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has
shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based
emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help
her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily
make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,
the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in
promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers
re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advancesin science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional
intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
2021 年新高考卷II
C
1. A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher（定语从句） will use
the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
2. What will remain of us（主语从句） when artificial intelligence takes over（时间状语从句） will be our
creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."（it
is …that强调句）
原文
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to
bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution
(变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our
schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen
those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces
light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with
children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the
arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just
an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will
remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense
of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
D
1. An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle（目的状语）, a development
that could bring big changes to a profession（ 定语从句）that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades（定
语从句） but is facing a labor shortage.2. For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle.
（it is adj to do …做…怎么样）（find +o+oc发现…怎么样）
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could
bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging.
He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor
the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the
animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and
texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for
nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the
monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds
doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology -
have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost
50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting
sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's
Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in
remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
2020 年新高考卷I
B
1. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family（目的状语）
while doing（省略句） something she loves（定语从句）: nursing.
原文
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing
degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the
first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the
farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working
to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, sheworked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her
career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau
Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree
close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support
from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old
mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to
achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart
was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have
learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an
inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
2020 年新高考卷II
C
By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what
turned out to be the heaviest load（宾语从句） it had ever been asked to carry.（定语从句）
原文
In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people
could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000
crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the
roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was
beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their
way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to
engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about
disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the
sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered
,
them simply got things wrong in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such
failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetentlyapplied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless
improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of
the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
D
The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries
in need of rain.（定语从句）
原文
Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single
bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees
may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount
of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a
canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy
rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually
touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make
life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly
across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly
clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of
rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your
umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams
can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that
may travel to other countries in need of rain.
_____
测
好题必A
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go
beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or
creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is
not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the
genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or
belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford
to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of
genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race,
and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【长难句】
1. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________
2. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.”
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________
B
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems
every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know
that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to
single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves,
frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made
its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic
,
pollution but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their
small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink
that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s
worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers
collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒）
from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【长难句】
1. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first
appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire
because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________
3. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces
of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________
_____
2021新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but
as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four
years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow
of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you
find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50
page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their
own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the
next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I
was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked
her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have
to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practise?
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”?
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
【词汇】
1.trained 2.instrument 3.require
4.repeat 5.onstage 6.indicate
7.draft 8.concert 9.entire
10.demanding 11.recognize 12.ignore
13.audience
【词汇答案】
1.trained adj. 训练过的
2.instrument n. 仪器；乐器；工具；器械v. 用器械（或仪器）装备；向…提交文书
3.require v. 要求；需要；命令；规定
4.repeat n. 重复；反复v. 重复；复述adj. 重复的；反复的
5.onstage adj. 台上的；台上演出的；舞台表演区的adv. 在台上；在舞台表演区
6.indicate v. 指示；象征；显示；暗示，预示v. 表明；指明
7.draft n. 草稿；草图；汇票；征兵vt. 起草；征兵；选秀adj. 酝酿中的
8.concert n. 音乐会；一致；和谐vt. 协定；协同安排vi. 合作
9.entire adj. 全部的；完整的；全面的
10.demanding adj. 要求多的；吃力的
11.recognize vt. 承认；认出；意识到；表示感激；识别
12.ignore vt. 忽视；不理；不顾
13.audience n. 听众；观众；读者；倾听；拥护者；正式会见
【长难句】
1. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to
break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a
page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2021新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these
resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took
firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under
this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The
very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who
at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters
willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase
wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will
,
be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into that
Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called
one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【词汇】
1.continent 2.astonishing 3.variety
4.precious 5.resource 6.decimate
7.handful 8.overly 9.ambitious
10.house 11.waterfowl 12.destruction
13.vital 14.survival 15.annually
16.purchase 17.political 18.cartoonist
19.appoint 20.inclusion 21.available
22.generation 23.habitat 24.conservation
25.initiate 26.decline 27.export
28.acquire 29.distribute 30.migratory
31.refuge
【词汇答案】
1.continent n. 大陆；洲；(the Continent)欧洲大陆
2. astonishing adj. 惊人的
3.variety n. 多样；种类；多样化n. 杂耍
4.precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的adv. 极其n. <口>宝贝，心爱的人
5.resource n. 资源；机敏；才略；寄托；消遣
6.decimate v. 毁掉大部分；大量杀死；使骤减
7.handful n. 一把；少数；<非>难控制的人；棘手之事
8.overly adv. 过度地；极度地
9.ambitious adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有抱负的
10.house n. 房屋；住一屋的人；机构；议院；观众；听众；黄道十二宫之一 v. 给…房子住；储存(某物)；容纳；
藏有
11.waterfowl n. 水鸟；水禽
12.destruction n. 破坏；毁灭
13.vital adj. 至关重要的；有活力的；生死攸关的
14.survival n. 幸存；幸存者；生存；残存物，幸存物；【人类学】(失去原有意义、作用的)残存文化特征
15.annually adv. 每年；年年16.purchase vt. 购买n. 购买；购买的物品
17.political adj. 政治的；政治上的；政党的；人事的；争权夺利的
18.cartoonist n. 漫画家
19.appoint v. 任命；委派；指定；约定
20.inclusion n. 包含
21.available adj. 可利用的；可得到的；有空的；有效的；<贬>【政】有资格的，适合的
22.generation n. 代；（产品类型的）代；产生；繁殖
23.habitat n. 栖息地；产地
24.conservation n. 保存；保护；守恒；节约
25.initiate vt. 开始；创始；启蒙；介绍加入n. 创始人adj. 新加入的；启蒙的
26.decline v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜n. 衰微；跌落；晚年
27.export n. 输出；出口；输出品；输出存储器的信息v. 输出；出口；带走，运走；从存储器输出信息
28.acquire vt. 获得；学到；取得
29.distribute v. 分配；散发；分布
30.migratory adj. 迁移的；流浪的
31.refuge n. 避难；避难所；庇护v. 庇护；避难
【长难句】
1. When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing
waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took
firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President
Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase
wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will
be protected and available for all generations to come.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs
ever initiated.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2021新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people
now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured
by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has
shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based
emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to helpher patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily
make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,
the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in
promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers
re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances
in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional
intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【词汇】
1.popularization 2.original 3.makeup
4.character 5.motivation 6.mental
7.stability 8.optimism 9.accurately
10.potential 11.victim 12.moral
13.overall 14.publicity 15.beneficial
16.positive 17.aspect 18.promote
19.well-being 20.adaptively 21.continuing22.appeal 23.desirable 24.excite
25.scholarly 26.perspective 27.measure
28.mention 29.clarify 30.prediction
31.attitude 32.favorable 33.intolerant
34.expectation 35.application
【词汇答案】
1.popularization n. 通俗化；平易化；普及
2.original adj. 原始的；最初的；有独创性的；原版的n. 原版；真品；怪人；有独创性的人n. 起源
3.makeup . 化妆品；组成；体格；性格；补充；<美>补考；[印]排版
4.character n. 个性；品质；字符；人物；名誉；地位adj. [剧](角色)代表某一特性的
5.motivation n. 动机；动力；刺激；积极性
6.mental adj. 思想的；心理的；精神的；脑力的n. 精神病患者
7.stability n. 稳定性；居于修道院
8.optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
9.accurately adv. 准确地；精确地
10.potential adj. 潜在的；可能的n. 潜力；潜能n. 电位；电势
11.victim n. 受害者；受骗者；牺牲
12.moral adj. 道德的；精神上的n. 寓意；道德；品行；伦理
13.overall adj. 全部的；总体的；全面考虑的adv. 总的来说；总共n. 罩衫；工作服
14.publicity n. 公众的注意；宣传；宣扬；宣传品；广告
15.beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的
16.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；明确的；正面的；正数的；阳性的n. 正面；正数；正片；[语]原级
17.aspect n. 方面；方位；外观；外貌
18.promote vt. 促进；提升；升迁；发起；促销，推销
19.well-being n. 康乐；安宁
20.adaptively adj. 适合的；适应的
21.continuing adj. 连续的；持续的；不间断的
22.appeal n. 恳求；呼吁；上诉；吸引力n. (体育比赛中)诉请裁决v. 呼吁；有吸引力；求助；诉请
23.desirable adj. 令人满意的；性感的；有吸引力的；值得的；令人向往的n. 有吸引力的人或物
24.excite vt. 使兴奋；使激动；刺激；激起
25.scholarly adj. 学术性的；学究气的；学者派头的26.perspective n. 远景；看法；透视adj. 透视的
27.measure n. 措施；量度；尺寸；程度；办法v. 测量；比较；给予；权衡
28.mention vt. 提到；说起n. 提及；说起
29.clarify vt. 澄清；阐明；净化
30.prediction n. 预言；预报
31.attitude n. 态度；看法；姿势
32.favorable adj. 有利的；顺利的；良好的；赞同的
33.intolerant adj. 不能容忍的；偏执的
34. expectation n. 预料；期望
35.application n. 应用；申请；专心；应用程序
【长难句】
1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desitrble in a person's makeup that
cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people
skills.”
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her
patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, theoverall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by
employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality
of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
8. It is our hope that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study
how people manage their lives.
句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
