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专题09句子种类，句子成分和基本句型
句子种类聚焦陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的结构与用法，以及主从复合句各类从
考点分布 句引导词；句子成分常考主谓宾定状补表语的辨别；基本句型着重于五种简单句的结
构，像主谓、主谓宾、主系表 、主谓双宾、主谓宾宾补。
在单项选择、语法填空、句型转换、写作中都有涉及。如单项选择考句子种类和成分判
考情 题型分布
断，写作依赖基本句型和正确句子成分表达。
分析
考法与 约占总分10%-15% 。常创设生活、校园等语境，考查知识运用。如通过问路情景考祈
比重 使句，以校园活动报道考查基本句型。
语境化 结合实际场景，让学生在具体情境中运用。
命题 综合化 常与其他语法点融合，如基本句型结合时态。
规律 高频化 句子种类年年必考。
生活化 选取贴近学生生活的素材，如家庭、学习、社交场景。
第一部分 句子种类
考点一 陈述句
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1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning.
A．does B．did C．doesn’t D．didn’t
2．（2023·江苏南京·二模）—Shall we meet at the zoo gate at 8 a.m.?
—In fact we needn’t. It ________ until 9 a.m.
A．doesn’t open B．opens C．didn’t open D．opened
陈述句
类型 用途 例句
肯定句 肯定的陈述，表示“是如此” They usually go to school by bike.
他们经常骑自行车去上学。
否定句 否定的陈述，表示“不是如此” They won’t go to the park tomorrow.
他们，明天不去公园。
注意：否定句是在be动词，助动词或情态动词后加not，常用缩略形式，要注意人称，时态的一
致。
考点二 疑问句
1．（2022·北京·中考真题）—_________ I take photos here?
—Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A．Must B．Need C．Can D．Will
2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob?
—For about half an hour.
A．How much B．How long C．How often D．How many
3．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）—He didn’t win the dash, did he?
—________, though he tried to run as fast as he could.
A．Yes, he didn’t B．Yes, he did C．No, he did D．No, he didn’t
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疑问句
类型 用途 句型 例句
1. be / 助动词 / 情态动词+
主语 + 表语 /
-- Are you a student?
动词原形 / 分词？
你是学生吗？
一般疑问句 2. 答语： Yes, 代词+
询问一件事或 --Yes，I am. 是的，我是
be / 助动词 / 情态动词
情况是否属实 No, I’m not. 不，我不是
No, 代词 + be / 助动词、
情态动词 + not
--What are you doing?
针对句子某一 特殊疑问句 + 谓语 / 你在做什么？
特殊疑问句 具体成分提问 一般疑问句 -- I am reading a book.
我在看书。
1. 一般疑问句 + or +另一个
提供两种或 -- Do you like English or math?
选择项？
选择疑问句 两种以上的 你喜欢英语还是数学？
2. 特殊疑问句 + 选择项 + or +
情况供选择 --English。 英语
另一个选择项？
由“陈述句+
--Emily has been to Japan twice,
1. 肯定陈述句 + 否定的简短问
简短问句”构
句？ hasn’t she?艾米丽去过两次日本，
反意疑问句 成，表示问话
2. 否定陈述句+肯定的
对吗？
者欲对陈述部
简短问句？ --No，she hasn’t.不，她没去过。
分进行证实。
考点三 祈使句
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）Growing up is not easy, Tom. ________ calm when you’re facing serious problems in
life.
A．Staying B．Stays C．Stay D．To stay
2．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Dad, could you lift me up? I can’t see the parade.
—Stand on the high ground over there, ________ you’ll be able to see it clearly.
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A．or B．so C．but D．and
3．（2022·江苏徐州·二模）—Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
—________.
A．Yes, I will B．No, I won’t C．Yes, I do D．Sorry, I don’t
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号
或句号，读降调。
类型 结构 例句
肯定 动词原形+其他 Come in, please. 请进。
祈使句 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形+其他 Let’s go! 我们走吧！
Be + 表语 + 其他 Be careful, please. 请小心。
否定 Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 Don’t do that again! 不要再那样做。
祈使句 No + 名词 / 动名词 + 其他 No parking here! 这儿禁止停车！
注意：(1)应答祈使句时要用将来时。
如：—Please remember to take the dog out for a walk every day.请记住每天带狗出去散步。—Yes，I
will.是的，我会的。
（2）掌握“祈使句＋and/or＋结果状语”结构。
如：Work harder，and you'll get good grades.更加努力，你就会取得好成绩。
考点四 感叹句
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic.
—Exactly. I simply can’t wait!
A．How B．What C．How a D．What a
2．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）The C919, China’s self-made large plane, is now in use. ________ exciting the
news is!
A．How B．How an C．What D．What an
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感叹句是表示说话时的惊异，喜悦，气愤，哀伤等强烈感情的句子。通常用 What或How引
导，What + 名词短语； How + 形容词或副词为中心，句末用感叹号。
引导词 结构 例句 如何判定
What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名 What a beautiful present it is!
词＋主语＋谓语！
多么漂亮的一件礼物啊！ 由a，an
what 开头的多
What interesting books they are！多
What＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可 用
么有趣的书啊！What nice music it
数名词＋主语＋谓语！ what；形
is！多美妙的音乐啊！
容词直接
How fine the weather is！天气真 加名词
How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
好！ 的，多用
how how
How beautiful a present！很漂亮的
How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词！
礼物！
感叹句用法口诀
感叹句，表情感，how，what放句前。
名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连。
为了句子更简洁，主谓部分也可略。
考点五 倒装句
1．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）—What language does that boy speak? I can hardly catch a single word.
—__________. He’s from India, so I guess it is Hindi.
A．Neither I can B．Neither can I C．So can I D．So I can
2．（2023·山东青岛·一模）—Keven has made up his mind to continue with his dream job.
—________ and ________.
A．So he has; so have I B．So has he; so have IC．So he has; so I have D．So has he;
so I have
3．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）On the top of Mount Tai ______ Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙).
A．standing B．to stand C．stand D．stands
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一、so和neither引导倒装句
初中阶段对于倒装句的考查主要集中在对so与neither / nor 引导的倒装句的辨析。
结构 说明 例句
So + be/助动词/情+ 主语 表示与上文提到的肯定情况 I like reading English, and so does he.
相同。 我喜欢读英语，他也喜欢。
Neither / Nor + be/助 / 情 + 表示与上文提到的否定情况 You won’t go, and neither shall I.
主语 相同。 你不去，我也不去。
注意：当so 引导的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不用倒装结构；意为“的确
如此”。如：
– He is a good actor. 他是个好演员。– So he is. 的确如此。
二、There be句型
There be句型表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”，there 是引导词，无实义，句中的be与离它最近
的名词在数方面保持一致。
1. There be句型的常用结构
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 There is / are +sb. / sth. + 地点状语 There is a pen on the desk.
桌上有一支钢笔。
一般过去时 There was / were + sb. / sth. +地点状语 / There were many people in the theater
示过去的时间状语
night.昨晚剧院里有很多人。
一般将来时 There will be (is/ am/ are going There is going to be a basketball match
to be) +sb. / sth. + 地点状语/表示将来的时on Friday.
间状语
下周五将有一场篮球比赛
与情态动词连用 There +情态动词 + be + There must be some cute animals in the
sb. /sth. +地点状语 / 时间状语 zoo.动物园里一定有一些可爱的动物。
2. There be句型的句式变化
句式 变化规则 例句
否定式 一般是在be动词（或助动词）后加not There isn’t any water in the bottle.
瓶子里没有水。
一般疑问句 一般是把be动词提前到句首 --Are there many people in the park on
weekends? 周末公园里有很多人吗？
三、副词开头的倒装句
以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中,如果主语是名词,要用倒装形式。
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谓语动词的形式由倒装句句尾的主语决定。
There comes the bus.公交车来了。
Here are the results of the test.测试结果出来了。
【提醒】 如果主语是代词, 主语和谓语的语序保持不变。
Here he comes. 他来了。
only后接副词或介词短语位于句首时, 也用倒装结构。
Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有用这种方式我们才能解决这个问题。
第二部分 句子成分
1．（2023·四川内江·一模）Please call me up as soon as you arrive in Neijiang.
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A．表语 B．状语 C．定语 D．谓语
2．（2023·四川内江·一模）The boy often drives his parents angry.
A．宾语补足语 B．表语 C．主语 D．定语
3．（2023·四川内江·一模）The old man lived in a house with a beautiful garden.
A．谓语 B．状语 C．定语 D．主语
4．（2023·四川内江·一模）The leaves have already turned yellow.
A．主语 B．定语 C．宾语补足语 D．表语
5．（2023·四川内江·一模）It’s our duty to keep the classroom clean.
A．宾补 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语
句子成分
定义：句子成分是句子的组成成分。根据词语在句子当中的地位和作用的不同，可以分为主语、谓语、宾
语、定语、状语、补语、表语等不同的成分。
成分 功能 例句
主语 句子的主体，谓语动作的发出者 Jane is good at maths.
They were singing a song.
核心 谓语 句子的核心，主语发出的行为 Lily can play the piano well.
成分
He gets up early.
宾语 谓语动作的承受者 I bought some flowers in the store.
Louis has made the view clear.
表语 描述主语的身份或状态 Tom is a student.
We were quite excited when it happened.
定语 修饰名词或代词 Jenny is a beautiful model.
I have got something important to tell you.
非核 状语 修饰动词、形容词或副词及句子 She ran very quickly when she saw her mom yesterday.
心成
Unfortunately, he failed the interview.
分
补语 对所修饰词进行补充说明 I find it interesting to learn swimming.
We will make him our leader.
同位语 解释名词或代词的具体内容 He, the little boy, saved the girl bravely.
The idea is clear that human beings are damaging the
earth.
第三部分 基本句型
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1．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________.
A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P
2．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）What is the sentence pattern of “The dish smells terrible”?
A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC
3．（2024·甘肃酒泉·二模）The sentence structure of “She is walking along the lake.” is ________.
A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P
简单句的五种基本句型
谓语部分
句型种类 主语
谓语动词 表语 宾语 宾补
1. S + Vi.
Birds fly.
主语+不及物动词
2. S + Vi. + O
He plays the piano.
主语+及物动词+宾语
3. S + V. + C are
主语+系动词+表语 We (系动 friends.
词）
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4. S + Vt. + InO + Do
him a pen
主语+及物动词+间接宾语 I gave
（间宾）（直宾）
+直接宾语
5. S + Vi. + O + Oc
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语 Tom made me cry.
补足语
英语是一种结构型的语言，以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。为了帮助你掌握英语的句型，
本节课我们一起来总结一下英语的基本句型。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词（ + 状语）
状语 主语 不及物动词 状语
（In 2003,) The first book came out in 2003
We didn't go to the cinema yesterday.
Last week, I went to Guilin for my holiday.
2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 （+ 状语）
状语 主语 及物动词 宾语 状语
（Yesterday) I bought a very good book yesterday.
My father loves pictures of cars.
Every
my mother prepares breakfast for me
morning
He wrote a book in senior high school.
3.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （+ 状语）
主语 系动词 表语 状语
These books are great.
Tom is very happy today.
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （+ 状语）
状语 主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
His hobby has brought him enjoyment.
My father bought me a very good bike On my birthday.
Last week, my aunt sent me a box of chocolate.
5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （+ 状语）
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主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语 状语
We can help you develop new skills.
I don't want you to work too hard.
The news made everyone happy.
1．（2023·上海·中考真题）Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety.
A．or B．so C．and D．but
2．（2023·上海·中考真题）—________ does your cousin attend guitar classes?
—Twice a week.
A．How long B．How much C．How soon D．How often
3．（2023·上海·中考真题）—________ fine day today! Why not go hiking?
—Good idea!
A．What an B．How C．What a D．What
4．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—Excuse me. ________ can I get the car if I order it today?
—In a month.
A．How soon B．How long C．How much D．How often
5．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—________ fresh air it is in Qingcheng Mountain!
—Yes. Because there are a lot of trees.
A．How B．What C．How a D．What a
6．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）—________ do the notebooks cost?
—They are five yuan each.
A．How much B．How many C．How often D．How long
7．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—Let’s go out for dinner tonight, ________?
—Sorry, but I cannot make it today.
A．can we B．will you C．can you D．shall we
8．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday!
A．How B．What C．What an D．What a
9．（2023·西藏·中考真题）________ swimming in the river! It’s dangerous!
A．Go B．Goes C．Don’t go D．To go
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10．（2023·吉林长春·中考真题）_______ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep.
A．Spend B．Spending C．To spend D．Spent
11．（2023·甘肃武威·中考真题）________ trying and do your best.
A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep D．Kept
12．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题） _______ amazing activity! I will never forget the charity show.
A．How B．What C．How an D．What an
13．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely.
A．What B．What a C．How D．What an
14．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）— Li Ping, I didn’t go summer camping last year.
— _________.
A．So did I B．Neither did I C．Neither I did D．So I did
15．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）—We are not allowed to bring any snacks at the sports meeting.
—________.
A．So do we B．Neither do we C．So are we D．Neither are we
16．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）Only by working hard ________ go to a key university in the future.
A．will I B．I will C．do I D．I did
17．（2024·甘肃张掖·二模）—I watched the Dragon Boat race yesterday.
—________.
A．So did I B．So I did C．Neither did I D．Neither I did
18．（2024·甘肃天水·三模）—Only in this way ________ our task in such a short time.
—Yes. Let’s try our best to do it well.
A．we can finish B．we can be finished
C．can we finish D．can we be finished
19．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）—Would you like to go shopping with me, Bob?
—If Jack doesn’t go, ________.
A．neither will I B．so will I C．neither do I D．so do I
20．（2024·河北唐山·二模）You will lose marks in the exam if you ________ your handwriting.
A．don’t improve B．didn’t improve C．won’t improve D．aren’t improving
21．（2024·天津西青·二模）— I saw your brother in the zoo just now.
— It ________ be him. He is in the library now.
A．can’t B．may not C．mustn’t D．needn’t
22．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday.
A．表语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．主语
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23．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）If you feel unhappy, you can ask your parents or teachers for help.
A．表语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．主语
24．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）I have had the dictionary for many years.
A．状语 B．表语 C．定语 D．谓语
25．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）Excuse me. Are there any restrooms near here?
A．定语 B．主语 C．表语 D．宾语
26．（2023·甘肃武威·模拟预测）What is the sentence pattern of “The little boy looks so smart.” ?
A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+P
27．（2023·四川内江·一模）The milk tastes fresh.
A．定语 B．状语 C．表语 D．宾语
28．（2023·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Eddie is watching Hobo
work.”?
A．Actors are playing different roles on the stage.
B．Volunteers often offer children help in poor areas.
C．Lucy picked up her sister at the airport the other day.
D．I advise him to develop a good habit of going to bed early.
29．（2023·甘肃张掖·一模）What is the sentence pattern of “I like bananas.”?
A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC
30．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The sentence structure of “We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.” is ________.
A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+O
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