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专题 08 非谓语动词
动词不定式:作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补是考查重点,像 “It's + adj. + for
sb. to do sth.” 结构,以及使役、感官动词后不定式作宾补时to的省略与还原。
考点分布 动名词:考查作主语、宾语、表语和定语,如 “enjoy doing sth.” 这样的固定搭配。
分词:现在分词和过去分词作定语和表语,现在分词表主动、进行,过去分词表被动、
考情
完成 。
分析
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用和短文填词等题型中。
考法与 考法:重实际语境运用,设复杂句子结构考查逻辑关系判断。
比重 比重:分值2 - 4分,虽占比不高,但因考点灵活,易丢分。
语境化 融入具体情境,考查在实际场景中运用语法规则的能力。
命题 综合化 常和时态、语态、从句等语法结合考查。
规律 高频化 考查频率高,动词不定式用法几乎每年必考。
生活化 围绕日常生活场景、活动和话题,体现英语实用性。
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考点一 动词不定式
1.(2023·江苏镇江·中考真题)Travellers can’t wait ________ their new tours in the coming holiday.
A.to start B.starting C.started D.start
【答案】A
【详解】句意:旅行者们迫不及待地想在即将到来的假期开始他们的新旅行。
考查非谓语动词。can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”,应用不定式。故选A。
2.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Our school will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk on environmental protection
next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A.give B.to give C.giving D.gave
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——下周我们学校将邀请王先生给我们做一个关于环境保护的演讲。——那是精彩的!
考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。故选B。
3.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last
night.
A.To learn B.Learning C.Learned D.Learn
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息,我昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索信息”的目的是“了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的
信息”,作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。
动词不定式
1.动词不定式的形式:to+动词原形(有时可以省略to);否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。
2.动词不定式的句法功能
功能 用法 例句
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作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Lakes.
作宾语补足语 位于宾语后,补充说明宾语的意义、状The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.
态等。
作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in.(作目的状
语)
Paul is too excited to say anything.(作结果状语)
作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置 To learn English well is important. =It is important to
learn English well.
作表语 常位于be动词后 Her job is to do the dishes.
作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语(如I have a lot of books to read.
果是不及物动词,则需加介词)
Please give me some paper to write on.
【拓展】特殊结构的不定式
结构 功能 例句
疑问词+动词不定式 作主语 When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.
作宾语 I haven't decided yet when to leave.
作表语 The question is where to find water.
作宾语时,还可转化为宾语从句。如:
Can you tell me where to get the scarf ? =Can you tell me where I can get the scarf ?
3.常见可接动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)(v.+to do sth.)
afford负担得起 agree同意 choose选择
continue继续 decide决定 expect期望
fail失败 forget忘记 hope希望
learn学习 like喜欢 manage设法
need需要 plan计划 prefer更喜欢
prepare准备 promise承诺 refuse拒绝
wait等待 want想要[2024.69] would like想要
4.常见接动词不定式作宾补的动词(v.+sb. to do sth.)
advise建议 allow允许 ask要求
expect期望 force强迫 help帮助
invite邀请 teach教 tell告诉
want想要 warn警告 wish希望
encourage鼓励 request要求 order命令
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5.动词不定式符号to的省略
(1)在一些使役动词和感官动词之后,要把不定式结构中的to省略,但在变为被动语态时,要把省略的to加
上(let除外)。常用的有:
一感: feel
二听: listen to, hear
三让: let, have, make
四看: watch, see, look at, notice
如:The boy's funny action made everyone laugh.=Everyone was made to laugh by the boy's funny action.
(2)help后带to不带to均可。如:
She still works there once a week to help kids (to) learn to read.
(3)当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式处用to,其余不定式的to可以省略。
但是,如果两者有对比关系,则后面的不定式to不可省略。如:
To try and fail is better than not to try at all.
(4)why not…后省略to。如:
Why not go with Tom?
(5)had better…后省略to。如:
We'd better ride a shared bike there.
6.不定式的常见句型
(1)It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……/某人做某事真是……
(2)It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.做某事花某人……时间。
(3)It's time to do sth.到做某事的时间了。
(4)It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
(5)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
(6)too+adj.+to do sth.太……而不能做某事
(7)adj.+enough to do sth.足够……去做某事
(8)It's one's duty to do sth.做某事是某人的义务。
考点二 动名词
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)The music is fantastic and it is well worth ________.
A.listening B.to listen to C.listen D.listening to
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【答案】D
【详解】句意:这音乐很棒,非常值得一听。
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”,排除BC选项;listen为不及物动词,后接宾语
与to连用。故选D。
2.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time.
A.sporting B.shopping C.dressing D.eating
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。
考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动;shopping购物;dressing穿衣服;eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to
30 minutes”可知,是指吃饭的时间。故选D。
动名词
1.动名词的形式:动词原形+-ing;否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”
2.动名词的句法功能
功能 用法 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health.
作表语 动名词(短语)作表语可转化为作主语 My hobby is playing the guitar.=Playing the
guitar is my hobby.
作宾语 作动词的宾语,表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister enjoys running very much.
作介词的宾语 I'm looking forward to working out the problem.
作定语 位于所修饰词之前,只表明所修饰词的用途等 The meeting room is too small to hold thirty
people.
3.常接动名词作宾语的动词(词组)(v.+doing sth.)
分类 示例
动词 avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢
finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持
mind介意 practice练习 suggest建议
动词词组 feel like doing sth.想要做某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
keep on doing sth.继续做某事
set out doing sth.着手/开始做某事
be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事
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be worth doing sth.值得做某事
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣
can't/couldn't stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事
can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
have fun/trouble with/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有乐趣/有麻烦/有困难
look forward to doing sth.期待做某事
stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
【拓展】既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词
{remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
do sth.记得去做某事(未做)¿
¿
{forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
do sth.忘记要做某事(未做)¿
¿
{stop doing sth.停止做某事
do sth.停下来去做另外一件事¿
¿
{need doing sth.某事需要被做(被动含义)
do sth.需要做某事(主动含义)¿
¿
{try doing sth.尝试做某事
do sth.尽力做某事¿
¿
{regret doing sth.对做过的事感到后悔(已做)
do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)¿
¿
{mean doing sth.意味着做某事
do sth.打算/想要做某事¿
¿
考点三 分词
1.(2025·江苏宿迁·一模)I saw my computer teacher ________ a broken computer in his office at 7 p.m. yesterday.
A.repair B.to repair C.repairing D.to repair
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天晚上7点,我看到我的计算机老师在他的办公室里修理一台坏电脑。
考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth. 表示“看见某人做了某事”,强调看见事情发生的全过程;see sb. doing sth. 表示
“看见某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行。句中时间点“at 7 p.m. yesterday”表明在这个特定时间点,老师 “修
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理电脑” 的动作正在进行,所以用see sb. doing sth. 的结构,故选C。
2.(2023·江苏泰州·二模)The photo ________ ten years ago reminds me of those sweet memories.
A.was taken B.taken C.has taken D.took
【答案】B
【详解】句意:10年前拍的那张照片让我想起了那些甜蜜的回忆。
考查过去分词作定语。was taken被拍,用于一般过去时的被动语态;taken被拍,动词take的过去分词;has
taken已经拍了,用于现在完成时;took拍,动词take的过去式。根据“reminds”可知此处应用非谓语动词修饰名
词photo,photo与动词take存在被动关系,因此应用take的过去分词taken作定语。故选B。
分词(课标仅作理解要求)
1.分词的形式
(1)现在分词:v.-ing,表示动作正在发生,有主动、进行之意;
(2)过去分词:v.-ed,表示动作已经完成,有被动、完成之意。
2.分词的用法
分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用,作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语,也可构成各种进行或完成时态
和语态。
(1)作表语:The film was so moving that I was deeply moved.
(2)作定语:The book written by Mr. Wang is very interesting.
(3)作状语,可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。如:
Laughing and talking, the kids went into the room.(表伴随)
(4)作宾语补足语:We all want the problem to be solved.
1.Be careful, Jack. It’s dangerous ________ the phone while driving.
A.answer B.to answer C.answering D.answers
【答案】B
【详解】句意:小心点,杰克。开车时接电话是危险的。
考查动词不定式。根据“It is adj.+动词不定式”可知,此空需要动词不定式作真正的主语,因此“to answer”符合句
意。故选B。
2.It doesn’t take much ________ the water supply system of your home.
A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.to improving
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【答案】B
【详解】句意:改善你家的供水系统不需要花太多的钱。
考查非谓语动词。根据“It doesn’t take much...the water supply system of your home.”可知,此处可用句式It
takes+时间/金钱+to do sth.“花费时间或金钱做某事”,所以空处应是动词不定式to improve。故选B。
3.If you promise ________ your mother do some housework, you must do it.
A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果你答应帮妈妈做些家务,你就必须做到。
考查非谓语动词。promise to do sth“答应做某事”,故选B。
4.If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on ________ every day.
A.improve, to practice B.improved, practicing
C.improving, to practice. D.to improve, practicing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:如果你想要改善你的发音,坚持每天练习。
考查非谓语。want to do sth“想要做……”;keep on doing sth“坚持做……”,都是固定短语。所以第一空用不定式;
第二空用动名词。故选D。
5.With so much work, Li Ming managed________a balance between his study and hobby.
A.achieve B.achieving C.to achieve D.to achieving
【答案】C
【详解】句意:有这么多的工作,李明设法在他的学习和爱好之间实现一个平衡。
考查非谓语动词。achieve完成,实现。“设法做某事”manage to do,这里是不定式作宾语,故选C。
6.In order to make an article organized, the first step is ________ a chart.
A.make B.made C.to make D.to be made
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了使文章有条理,第一步是制作图表。
考查非谓语动词。根据“the first step is…a chart.”可知,句子的结构为主系表,make是动词,不可直接作表语,
因此需要用动词不定式形式。故选C。
7.I’m happy that Judy has become the first one ________ five books during the Reading Week.
A.finished B.to finish C.finishing D.finishes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我很高兴朱迪成为第一个在读书周读完五本书的人。
考查动词不定式。finished过去式;to finish动词不定式;finishing动名词;finishes第三人称单数形式。根据观
察和分析可知,题干使用了动词不定式作后置定语,修饰the first one。故选B。
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8.The disease was spreading fast then. We had no choice but ________ the meeting.
A.cancel B.to cancel C.cancelling D.cancelled
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当时,疾病传播的很快。我们别无选择只能取消会议。
考查非谓语动词。在含介词but的句型中,but前有do,则but后的不定式不能带to;相反,but前若找不到
do,则but后的不定式必定带to。故选B。
9.The willow catkins(柳絮) are often seen ________ in Huaian in May.
A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swam
【答案】B
【详解】句意:五月的淮安,经常可以看到柳絮飞。
考查非谓语动词。be seen后可用两种形式,be seen doing表示被看见正在做某事;be seen to do强调被看见做了
某事。根据“The willow catkins(柳絮) are often seen…”可知此事经常发生,用不定式作主语补足语。故选B。
10.Our school often advises us ________ close to nature and enjoy its beauty.
A.get B.getting C.gets D.to get
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们学校经常建议我们亲近大自然,享受它的美丽。
考查非谓语动词。advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”。故选D。
11.Our teachers always warn us ________ ball games on the road to avoid ________ ourselves.
A.to not play; hurting B.not to play; to hurt
C.not to play; hurting D.not play; to hurt
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们的老师总是警告我们不要在马路上玩球,以免伤害自己。
考查非谓语动词。此处是两个常用英文表达,warn sb (not) to do sth“警告某人 (不) 要做某事”;avoid doing
sth“避免做某事”。故选C。
12.Mr Wang often encourages us ________ close to nature and enjoy its beauty.
A.get B.getting C.to get D.gets
【答案】C
【详解】句意:王先生经常鼓励我们亲近大自然,享受自然的美。
考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。encourage sb to do“鼓励某人做某事”,动词不定式在此处作宾语补足语。故选
C。
13.The ORBIS doctors did everything ________ the girl with eye problems.
A.save B.saved C.to save D.saving
【答案】C
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【详解】句意:为了拯救这名眼部有疾病的女孩子,ORBIS的医生们做了一切。
考查非谓语动词。根据“did everything”可知,医生们做了一切的目的是救这名女孩子,不定式表示目的。故选
C。
14.________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as his second course.
A.Learning B.Learned C.To learn D.Learn
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了了解更多的中国文化,杰克决定将中国民族音乐作为他的第二课程。
考查非谓语动词。Learning学习,动名词;Learned过去分词;To learn动词不定式;Learn动词原形。根据
“...more about Chinese culture”可知,学习中国民族音乐的目的是为了了解更多的中国文化,因此用不定式作目的
状语。故选C。
15._________ more true friends, remember that love and communication between people is a two-way street.
A.Made B.Making C.Make D.To make
【答案】D
【详解】句意:要想交到更多真正的朋友,请记住人与人之间的爱和交流是相互的。
考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知,为了交到更多真正的朋友,需要记住人与人之间的爱和交流是双向的,应用
动词不定式表目的,故选D。
16.I was afraid ________ speak in public because I am afraid ________ being laughed at when ________ mistakes.
A.of, to, make B.to, of, making C.in, of, making D.of, to, making
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我害怕在公共场合讲话,因为我害怕犯错时被人嘲笑。
考查非谓语动词。be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”;be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”。由“I was afraid…speak in
public because I am afraid…being laughed at”可知,第一空应为to,第二空应为of。由 “I am afraid of being
laughed at when…mistakes.”可知,本句为when引导的时间状语从句,从句为现在进行时态,省略了主语和系动
词,故第三空为现在分词making。故选B。
17.Knowing that they have raised enough money for the children’s home, he was too excited ________ a word.
A.say B.saying C.to say
【答案】C
【详解】句意:知道他们为孩子们的家筹到了足够的钱,他激动得说不出一句话。
考查非谓语动词。此处是结构too adj./adj. to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”,动词不定式作结果状语。故选C。
18.The little girl is ________ young ________ go to school.
A.to; too B.so; that C.so; to D.too; to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这个小女孩太小而不能上学。
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考查结果状语从句。too...to do sth太……而不能……;so...that+从句表示“如此……以至于……”。根据“The little girl
is...young...go to school.”可知,应该是表达“太小而不能上学”,需用too…to…句型,故选D。
19.________ a balanced diet will make a difference to your ________ and your future.
A.Having; healthy B.Have; healthy C.Have; health D.Having; health
【答案】D
【详解】句意:均衡的饮食会对你的健康和未来产生影响。
考查非谓语动词和名词的用法。health健康,名词;healthy健康的,形容词。第一个空作主语用动名词;形容
词性物主代词your后加名词health。故选D。
20.You can never imagine what great trouble I had ________ the poor boy and the little dog ________ were seriously
hurt.
A.help; which B.to help; that C.helping; that D.helped; who
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你永远无法想象我在帮助那个可怜的男孩和那只严重受伤的小狗时遇到了多大的麻烦。
考查动名词及定语从句。have trouble doing sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事有困难”,故填helping;分析句子可知,
第二个设空处是一个定语从句,先行词是“the poor boy and the little dog”,既有人又有物,故应用that来引导。
故选C。
21.The driver denied ________ the serious car accident during the police interview.
A.cause B.caused C.to cause D.causing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:司机在接受警察问话时否认造成严重车祸。
考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth.“否认做某事”,是固定词组。故选D。
22.I suggested ________ the foreign students how to use chopsticks.
A.teach B.to teach C.teaching D.taught
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我建议教外国学生如何使用筷子。
考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”,所以空处用动词ing形式,故选C。
23.When he got home, he saw his dog ________ on the floor and a bottle of wine was ________ on the table.
A.lied, lain B.lying, laid C.lay, lying D.lie, lay
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当他回到家时,他看到他的狗躺在地板上,桌子上放着一瓶酒。
考查非谓语动词及被动语态。根据“When he got home, he saw his dog…on the floor”可知,此处指他到家时看到狗
正躺在地板上,see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”,第一个应用现在分词形式lying,作宾语补足语;
根据“a bottle of wine was…on the table”可知,此处指一瓶酒被放在桌子上,应用被动语态,其谓语动词构成是
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be+过去分词,因此第二个空填lain。故选B。
24.He jumped into the water when he heard a boy ________ for help.
A.call B.is calling C.calling D.to call
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当他听到一个男孩呼救时,他跳入了水中。
考查非谓语动词。根据“He jumped into the water when he heard a boy...for help”可知,此处是hear sb. doing sth.意
为“听见某人正在做某事”,表示他听见一个男孩正在呼救,所以空格处应填calling。故选C。
25.There is a car________ outside.
A.waiting B.wait C.to wait D.to waiting
【答案】A
【详解】句意:有一部车在外面等着。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句中is为谓语动词,而空处应为非谓语动词;there be...doing...“某地有某人正
在做某事”。故选A。
26.In the picture there is ________ sheep ________ grass on the hill.
A.a few; eating B.little; to eat C.a little; eating D. few; to eat
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在图片里山上有一只羊在吃草。
考查形容词辨析和固定句型。a few一些,修饰可数名词;little小的,形容词,a little一只小的;eat吃。根据
there is可知,主语是单数,排除A,sheep可数名词单数,前需用不定冠词修饰。there is sb doing sth表示“有某
人正在做某件事”,第二个空用现在分词。故选C。
27.—Do you have any difficulty in ________ English?
—Yes, but I try to make myself ________.
A.speaking, understood B.to speak, understood
C.speaking, understand D.to speak, to understand
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你说英语有困难吗?——是的,但我试着让别人理解我。
考查非谓语动词。根据第一个空前的介词“in”可知,此处用动名词形式,作宾语;根据第二个空前的使役动词
“make”可知,空处作宾补,宾语与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式。故选A。
28.—I can’t get the work ________ by 7:00 p.m. I need more time.
—Take your time. There’s no rush.
A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我不能在晚上7点前完成工作。我需要更多的时间。——慢慢来。不着急。
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考查非谓语动词。get sth. done意为“某事被做”,固定用法。故选D。
29.The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans.
A.invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented
【答案】B
【详解】句意:上个月发明的新机器人可以代替人类做许多工作。
考查非谓语动词。根据“can do”可知,空处用非谓语动词,主语“robot”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系,因此此
处用动词过去分词形式表被动。故选B。
30.________ “the Dragon Year”, the name “Loong Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese.
A.Compare with B.To compare with C.Compared with D.Comparing with
【答案】C
【详解】句意:与“the Dragon Year”相比,“Loong Year”这个名字增加了我们作为中国人的文化自信。
考查非谓语。分析句子可知,“the Dragon Year”是被比较对象,这里应用过去分词作状语。故选C。
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