文档内容
关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
专题 08 非谓语动词
动词不定式：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补是考查重点，像 “It's + adj. + for
sb. to do sth.” 结构，以及使役、感官动词后不定式作宾补时to的省略与还原。
考点分布 动名词：考查作主语、宾语、表语和定语，如 “enjoy doing sth.” 这样的固定搭配。
分词：现在分词和过去分词作定语和表语，现在分词表主动、进行，过去分词表被动、
考情
完成 。
分析
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用和短文填词等题型中。
考法与 考法：重实际语境运用，设复杂句子结构考查逻辑关系判断。
比重 比重：分值2 - 4分，虽占比不高，但因考点灵活，易丢分。
语境化 融入具体情境，考查在实际场景中运用语法规则的能力。
命题 综合化 常和时态、语态、从句等语法结合考查。
规律 高频化 考查频率高，动词不定式用法几乎每年必考。
生活化 围绕日常生活场景、活动和话题，体现英语实用性。
1关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
考点一 动词不定式
1．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）Travellers can’t wait ________ their new tours in the coming holiday.
A．to start B．starting C．started D．start
2．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Our school will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk on environmental protection
next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A．give B．to give C．giving D．gave
3．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last
night.
A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn
动词不定式
1.动词不定式的形式：to+动词原形（有时可以省略to）；否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。
2.动词不定式的句法功能
功能 用法 例句
作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Lakes.
作宾语补足语 位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.
态等。
作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in.（作目的状
语）
Paul is too excited to say anything.（作结果状语）
作主语 常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置 To learn English well is important. =It is important to
learn English well.
作表语 常位于be动词后 Her job is to do the dishes.
作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语（如I have a lot of books to read.
果是不及物动词，则需加介词）
Please give me some paper to write on.
2关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
【拓展】特殊结构的不定式
结构 功能 例句
疑问词+动词不定式 作主语 When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.
作宾语 I haven't decided yet when to leave.
作表语 The question is where to find water.
作宾语时，还可转化为宾语从句。如：
Can you tell me where to get the scarf ? =Can you tell me where I can get the scarf ?
3.常见可接动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）（v.+to do sth.）
afford负担得起 agree同意 choose选择
continue继续 decide决定 expect期望
fail失败 forget忘记 hope希望
learn学习 like喜欢 manage设法
need需要 plan计划 prefer更喜欢
prepare准备 promise承诺 refuse拒绝
wait等待 want想要［2024.69］ would like想要
4.常见接动词不定式作宾补的动词（v.+sb. to do sth.）
advise建议 allow允许 ask要求
expect期望 force强迫 help帮助
invite邀请 teach教 tell告诉
want想要 warn警告 wish希望
encourage鼓励 request要求 order命令
5.动词不定式符号to的省略
（1）在一些使役动词和感官动词之后，要把不定式结构中的to省略，但在变为被动语态时，要把省略的to加
上（let除外）。常用的有：
一感： feel
二听： listen to， hear
三让： let， have， make
四看： watch， see， look at， notice
如：The boy's funny action made everyone laugh.=Everyone was made to laugh by the boy's funny action.
（2）help后带to不带to均可。如：
She still works there once a week to help kids （to） learn to read.
3关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
（3）当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需在第一个不定式处用to，其余不定式的to可以省略。
但是，如果两者有对比关系，则后面的不定式to不可省略。如：
To try and fail is better than not to try at all.
（4）why not…后省略to。如：
Why not go with Tom?
（5）had better…后省略to。如：
We'd better ride a shared bike there.
6.不定式的常见句型
（1）It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……/某人做某事真是……
（2）It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.做某事花某人……时间。
（3）It's time to do sth.到做某事的时间了。
（4）It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
（5）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
（6）too+adj.+to do sth.太……而不能做某事
（7）adj.+enough to do sth.足够……去做某事
（8）It's one's duty to do sth.做某事是某人的义务。
考点二 动名词
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）The music is fantastic and it is well worth ________.
A．listening B．to listen to C．listen D．listening to
2．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time.
A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating
动名词
1.动名词的形式：动词原形+-ing；否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”
2.动名词的句法功能
功能 用法 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health.
4关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
作表语 动名词（短语）作表语可转化为作主语 My hobby is playing the guitar.=Playing the
guitar is my hobby.
作宾语 作动词的宾语，表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister enjoys running very much.
作介词的宾语 I'm looking forward to working out the problem.
作定语 位于所修饰词之前，只表明所修饰词的用途等 The meeting room is too small to hold thirty
people.
3.常接动名词作宾语的动词（词组）（v.+doing sth.）
分类 示例
动词 avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢
finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持
mind介意 practice练习 suggest建议
动词词组 feel like doing sth.想要做某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
keep on doing sth.继续做某事
set out doing sth.着手/开始做某事
be busy （in） doing sth.忙于做某事
be worth doing sth.值得做某事
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣
can't/couldn't stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事
can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
have fun/trouble with/difficulty （in） doing sth.做某事有乐趣/有麻烦/有困难
look forward to doing sth.期待做某事
stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
【拓展】既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词
{remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）
do sth.记得去做某事（未做）¿
¿
{forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）
do sth.忘记要做某事（未做）¿
¿
{stop doing sth.停止做某事
do sth.停下来去做另外一件事¿
¿
{need doing sth.某事需要被做（被动含义）
do sth.需要做某事（主动含义）¿
¿
{try doing sth.尝试做某事
do sth.尽力做某事¿
¿
{regret doing sth.对做过的事感到后悔（已做）
do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）¿
¿
{mean doing sth.意味着做某事
do sth.打算/想要做某事¿
¿
5关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
考点三 分词
1．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）I saw my computer teacher ________ a broken computer in his office at 7 p.m. yesterday.
A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．to repair
2．（2023·江苏泰州·二模）The photo ________ ten years ago reminds me of those sweet memories.
A．was taken B．taken C．has taken D．took
分词（课标仅作理解要求）
1.分词的形式
（1）现在分词：v.-ing，表示动作正在发生，有主动、进行之意；
（2）过去分词：v.-ed，表示动作已经完成，有被动、完成之意。
2.分词的用法
分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用，作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语，也可构成各种进行或完成时态
和语态。
（1）作表语：The film was so moving that I was deeply moved.
（2）作定语：The book written by Mr. Wang is very interesting.
（3）作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。如：
Laughing and talking, the kids went into the room.（表伴随）
（4）作宾语补足语：We all want the problem to be solved.
1．Be careful, Jack. It’s dangerous ________ the phone while driving.
A．answer B．to answer C．answering D．answers
2．It doesn’t take much ________ the water supply system of your home.
A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．to improving
3．If you promise ________ your mother do some housework, you must do it.
A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped
4．If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on ________ every day.
A．improve, to practice B．improved, practicing
6关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
C．improving, to practice. D．to improve, practicing
5．With so much work, Li Ming managed________a balance between his study and hobby.
A．achieve B．achieving C．to achieve D．to achieving
【答案】C
【详解】句意：有这么多的工作，李明设法在他的学习和爱好之间实现一个平衡。
考查非谓语动词。achieve完成，实现。“设法做某事”manage to do，这里是不定式作宾语，故选C。
6．In order to make an article organized, the first step is ________ a chart.
A．make B．made C．to make D．to be made
7．I’m happy that Judy has become the first one ________ five books during the Reading Week.
A．finished B．to finish C．finishing D．finishes
8．The disease was spreading fast then. We had no choice but ________ the meeting.
A．cancel B．to cancel C．cancelling D．cancelled
9．The willow catkins(柳絮) are often seen ________ in Huaian in May.
A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam
10．Our school often advises us ________ close to nature and enjoy its beauty.
A．get B．getting C．gets D．to get
11．Our teachers always warn us ________ ball games on the road to avoid ________ ourselves.
A．to not play; hurting B．not to play; to hurt
C．not to play; hurting D．not play; to hurt
12．Mr Wang often encourages us ________ close to nature and enjoy its beauty.
A．get B．getting C．to get D．gets
13．The ORBIS doctors did everything ________ the girl with eye problems.
A．save B．saved C．to save D．saving
14．________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as his second course.
A．Learning B．Learned C．To learn D．Learn
15．_________ more true friends, remember that love and communication between people is a two-way street.
A．Made B．Making C．Make D．To make
16．I was afraid ________ speak in public because I am afraid ________ being laughed at when ________ mistakes.
A．of, to, make B．to, of, making C．in, of, making D．of, to, making
17．Knowing that they have raised enough money for the children’s home, he was too excited ________ a word.
A．say B．saying C．to say
18．The little girl is ________ young ________ go to school.
A．to; too B．so; that C．so; to D．too; to
7关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
19．________ a balanced diet will make a difference to your ________ and your future.
A．Having; healthy B．Have; healthy C．Have; health D．Having; health
20．You can never imagine what great trouble I had ________ the poor boy and the little dog ________ were seriously
hurt.
A．help; which B．to help; that C．helping; that D．helped; who
21．The driver denied ________ the serious car accident during the police interview.
A．cause B．caused C．to cause D．causing
22．I suggested ________ the foreign students how to use chopsticks.
A．teach B．to teach C．teaching D．taught
23．When he got home, he saw his dog ________ on the floor and a bottle of wine was ________ on the table.
A．lied, lain B．lying, laid C．lay, lying D．lie, lay
24．He jumped into the water when he heard a boy ________ for help.
A．call B．is calling C．calling D．to call
25．There is a car________ outside.
A．waiting B．wait C．to wait D．to waiting
26．In the picture there is ________ sheep ________ grass on the hill.
A．a few; eating B．little; to eat C．a little; eating D. few; to eat
27．—Do you have any difficulty in ________ English?
—Yes, but I try to make myself ________.
A．speaking, understood B．to speak, understood
C．speaking, understand D．to speak, to understand
28．—I can’t get the work ________ by 7:00 p.m. I need more time.
—Take your time. There’s no rush.
A．finish B．to finish C．finishing D．finished
29．The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans.
A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented
30．________ “the Dragon Year”, the name “Loong Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese.
A．Compare with B．To compare with C．Compared with D．Comparing with
8
