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专题 01 名词和数词
第一部分 名词
词义辨析是考查重点，在各地中考中频繁出现。名词的数、所有格、句法功能及词性转
考点分布
换也有涉及，但相对比重较小。
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用和短文填词等题型中。
考情 考法：单项选择常考查名词词义辨析、数和所有格；完形填空侧重于在语境中考查名词
分析 考法与 词义；语法填空和词语运用可能涉及名词的词形转换；短文填词会综合考查名词的各种
用法。
比重
比重：整体在中考英语中占分比重约为5%-10%，因地区和试卷结构而异。比如上海中
考近5年名词相关考点有11考。
语境化 越来越注重在具体语境中考查名词的运用，很少孤立地考单词的基本含义。
命题 综合化 一道题中可能综合考查多个名词考点，如名词词义辨析结合名词所有格或数的用法。
规律 高频化 一些高频名词和易混名词反复出现，如 family、home、house、noise、voice、sound
等。
生活化 选材多与日常生活、社会热点等相关，让学生在熟悉的情境中运用名词知识。
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考点一 名词词义辨析
1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels.
—You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas.
A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．rewards
2．（2024·天津·中考真题）Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your _________ down.
A．body B．voice C．interest D．service
3．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Have you set a ________ on your new phone?
—Certainly. I have to protect my personal information.
A．date B．lock C．wallpaper D．language
中考高频易混易错名词梳理
1.act, action和activity
单词 意义 辨析
通常指单一的、个人的、具体的行为
act 行为,行动
通常指时间较长的持续动作和行为,多用于词组: take action (to do sth.)
action 行动,措施
指人们从事的活动、工作等,多用于组: do (different) activities
activity 活动
2.advice和suggestion
单词 意义 辨析
建议, 不可数名词,表示数量时需借助表示单位的名词piece。搭配: a pie
advice
劝告 ce of advice; take advice
suggestion 建议 可数名词,搭配: make a suggestion
3.cause, reason和excuse
单词 意义 辨析
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cause 原因,起因,理由 造成一种事实或现象的“原因,起因”,后通常接介词of
reason 原因,起因,解释 指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释,后通常接介词for
excuse 借口,理由 指为自己的行为所做的辩解
4.feeling和sense
单词 意义 辨析
泛指一般的情绪,如“喜怒哀乐”,还可指对某人(物)的“态度,看法”,也可指
feeling 感觉,感情
“感受力,鉴赏力”
sense 感觉,观念,意识 多指身体上五官的感觉;还可指“观念,见识”
5.information, news和message
单词 意义 辨析
information 消息,信息,情报 指任何信息,是不可数名词
news 新闻,消息,新情况 指公众感兴趣的最新事件,是不可数名词
指口头、书面、电台、电视传送的“口信、消息”等,是可
message 消息,音信,口信
数名词
6.job, work和task
单词 意义 辨析
job 工作,职业 指一项具体的工作,是可数名词
work 工作,作品 指“工作,劳动”时,是不可数名词;指“作品,著作”时,是可数名词
task 任务,工作 指分配的工作,或自愿承担的艰巨的工作
7.noise, sound和voice
单词 意义 辨析
noise 噪音,吵闹声 指不悦耳的嘈杂声
sound 声音,响声 泛指自然界的一切声音
voice 嗓音,说话声 指人说话时的嗓音
8.problem和question
单词 意义 辨析
一般指社会问题,这种问题是“有待解决的”,通常与solve, work out搭
problem 问题,难题,困难
配
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question 问题,疑问 一般是“有待问与答的”问题,常与ask, answer连用
考点二 名词的数
考法 01 可数名词及其单、复数
（2024·江苏苏州·中考真题）It’s important to learn from (错误) and become stronger.
考法 0 2 不可数名词
（2022·山东日照·中考真题）My friend gave me some a on how to keep a pet.
考点 1 . 可数 名词复数的 变化 规则
Point 1：可数名词复数的规则变化
Point 2：可数名词的复数的不规则变化
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【特别注意】fish表示同一种鱼时，单复数同形，但表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes。
Point 3 ：合成名词的复数
名词前有man 或woman 修饰，变复数，做定语man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式
woman doctor -----women doctors
man waiter ---men waiter
考点2. 不可数名词
（1）不能用具体数字修饰的名词是不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数形式。
（2）可数名词与不可数名词 易混归纳
名词 可数名词 不可数名词 名词 可数名词 不可数名词
experience 经历 经验 paper 报纸、文件 纸
work 作品 工作 exercise 练习 锻炼
orange 橙子 橙汁 room 房间 空间
time 词数、倍数 时间 chicken 鸡 鸡肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 fish 鱼 鱼肉
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light 电灯 光 life 性命 生活
（3）名词的数量表示和计量
①可数名词一般直接在其前加基数词表示计量。
There is also a golf course five miles away. 五英里外还有个高尔夫球场。
②可数名词前也可以用few、a few、many、a lot of、lots of、some、any、several、a（large/ great）、number
of、a great many、plenty of、most等修饰词或短语来计量。
She has lived in Spain for many years. 她在西班牙已经生活多年。
③可以在不可数名词前加little、a little、much、a lot of、lots of、some、any、plenty of、a good/ great deal of、a
bit of、most等修饰词或短语来计量。
There was much discussion about the reasons for the failure. 就失败的原因进行了大量的讨论。
I like some modern music. 有些现代音乐我喜欢。
④可数名词和不可数名词还可以用由单位词构成的短语来计量，
如a piece of 一片/段/块……、a cup/glass of一杯……、a bottle of一瓶……、a bag of一袋……、a box of一盒……等。
考点三 名词所有格
1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station.
A．Eric and Helen’sB．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s
2．（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）We offered to look after our (邻居的) dog when she was away.
3．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）These UNICEF (office) wish is to improve the living conditions of the
local children.
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1．The ________ of lithium mines (锂矿) in Yifeng both brings wealth and pollution to local people.
A．fame B．discovery C．choice D．mistake
2．I think that taking a job may be a good ________ for you after leaving college.
A．step B．habit C．secret D．choice
3．—Do you like watching TV?
—Of course. TV programs not only make us relaxed but also give us new ________.
A．progress B．experience C．practice D．knowledge
4．I’m not sure of the exact ________ between them—maybe they’re doctor and patient.
A．period B．friendship C．relationship D．spirit
5．While you go on a trip to another city alone, ________ must be put first.
A．sense B．style C．service D．safety
6．— Good news! The Chinese women table tennis team won a gold and a silver again.
— Great! No matter who wins the medals, it is the ________ of our country.
A．pity B．pride C．pioneer D．pain
7．If I am given a second ________, I won’t make the same mistake.
A．career B．cause C．change D．chance
8．—Can you hear the big ______ from the next door?
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—Yes, there must be some kids ______ fun.
A．sound; to have B．noise; have C．sound, have D．noise; having
9．—I’m worrying about the exam these days. I’m afraid I will get a poor result.
—As long as you try your best, the ________ is more important than the result.
A．process B．product C．pattern D．pride
10．— Your father is always full of ________.
— Yes, he takes a lot of exercise every day.
A．sadness B．courage C．knowledge D．energy
11．My uncle has a farm, and there are some ________ on the farm.
A．chicken and sheep B．chickens and sheeps
C．chickens and sheep D．chicken and sheeps
12．—Are all the boys from __________ in your school?
—No, there are only five __________ in our school.
A．German；Germans B．German；Germen
C．Germany；Germans D．Germany；Germen
13．The ________ has four _________.
A．woman doctor/ shoe shops B．women doctors/shoe shops
C．woman doctor/shoes shops D．woman doctors/shoe shops
14．—Would you like something to eat?
—Yes, I’d like some ________.
A．apple B．milk C．bread D．water
15．Mr. Black gave me ________ on how to play basketball better.
A．an advice B．lots of advices C．some advice D．some advices
16．—Children may have sad feelings after some bad ________.
—Don’t worry. They can turn to some doctors with lots of ________ for help.
A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience
C．experience; experiences D．experiences; experience
17．My teacher gave me much __________ on how to learn English well.
A．advice B．question C．suggestion D．problem
18．—A beautiful farm!
—It’s my ________. And he has many animals on the farm.
A．uncle’s B．uncles C．uncles’ D．uncle
19．— Look, here is a Harry Potter. I’m wondering ________ book it is.
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— It must be ________. J. K. Rowling is her favorite writer.
A．whose; Mary B．whose; Mary’s C．who; Mary’s D．who; Mary
20．—What is ________ father?
—He is a police.
A．Jim’s and Jane’s B．Jim and Jane C．Jim and Jane’s D．Jim’s and Jane
21．Mr. Ma is a friend of ________.
A．my father’s B．my father C．my father’ D．mine father’s
22．—Are you sure this is a photo ________, the famous comedy actress (喜剧演员)?
—Yes. But she was once (曾经) really thin.
A．Jia Ling B．Jia Ling’s C．of Jia Ling D．of Jia Ling’s
23．—What’s that on the wall?
—Oh, it is a photo of ________. My parents are in it. We are eating barbecue (烧烤).
A．my family B．my family’s C．my families D．my families’
24．Tina and her friends are planning to visit a friend of________ in Hangzhou this weekend.
A．they B．their C．theirs D．themselves
25．Mrs. Bond is one old friend of________.
A．Jack mother B．Jack mother’s C．Jack’s mother D．Jack’s mother’s
26．Mr. Black is a teacher of ______ . She and her classmates like him very much.
A．my sister B．my sister’s C．my sisters D．my sisters’
27．—Who is the boy over there?
— He is a friend of __________. Do you want to know him?
A．me B．mine C．I D．my
28．David talked with a friend of ________on the Internet for a long time yesterday.
A．he B．his C．him D．/
第二部分 数词
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高频考点：基数词与序数词的转换，数词的基本用法如表示数量、顺序、编号、年龄、
日期、时间等，hundred/thousand/million/billion的用法，分数的表达。
考点分布
中频考点：数词的特殊表达如“half”“quarter”“a couple of”等，数词的运算。
低频考点：较大数字的英文表达。
考情
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用和短文填词等题型中。
分析
考法：单项选择常考查基数词和序数词及数词的运用；完形填空侧重于在语境中考查基
考法与
数词和序数词；语法填空和词语运用可能涉及基数词和序数词转换；短文填词会综合考
比重 查数词的各种用法。
比重：整体在中考英语中占分2-4分，因地区和试卷结构而异。
语境化 越来越注重在具体语境中考查数词的运用，要求考生根据上下文理解数词的含义和用
法。。
命题 综合化 常与其他语法知识如主谓一致等结合考查，增加试题的难度和综合性。
规律
高频化
对基数词、序数词的构成规则，hundred/thousand等的用法细节考查较多，考生需掌握
准确。
生活化 题目内容常与日常生活相关，如日期、年龄、数量等，体现英语的实用性。
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考法 01 基数词
（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—On Tree Planting Day, the students in our school planted five ___________ trees on
the hill.
—Good job! Everyone can do some things to make our hometown greener.
A．hundreds B．hundred of C．hundreds of D．hundred
考法 0 2 序数词
（2024·山东东营·中考真题）I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister.
A．one B．the first C．the second D．the third
考法 0 3 数词的用法
1．（2022·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—Plenty of people went to America in _____________.
—So they did. My grandfather was one of them. He went there in his_____________.
A．1990s; thirties B．1990s; thirty C．the 1990s; thirtieth D．the 1990s; thirties
2．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）— It’s said that the two _________ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
— Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their _________.
A．woman；sixty B．women；sixtieth C．women；sixties D．woman；sixties
考点1 基数词
1. 表示数目的多少的词叫基数词。
2. 基数词的构成。
数字 变化规律 基数词
one、two、three、four、five、 six、
没有变化规律，需特殊记
1~12 seven、eight、nine、ten、eleven、
忆
twelve
thirteen、fourteen、fifteen、 sixteen、
13~19 这些词以teen结尾
seventeen、eighteen、nineteen
twenty、thirty、forty、fifty、 sixty、
20~90 (其中整十的数字) 这些词以ty结尾
seventy、eighty、ninety
其他两位数 十位与个位之间用英文连 twenty-two、thirty-one
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字符“-”
100~900 (其中整百的数字) 1~9的数字+ hundred one hundred、two hundred
one hundred and ninety-nine、
1~9 的数+ hundred+and+
其他三位数 one hundred and one、
几十几
three hundred and twenty-five
整千的数字 1~9的数字+ thousand one thousand、two thousand
注意：hundred、 thousand等前面有具体数字修饰时，后面不能加-s。表示约数时，词尾要加-s, 并与
of连用。如: hundreds of数以百计的。
考点2 序数词
1. 表示事物的先后顺序的词称为序数词。
2. 序数词的构成。
构成方法 示例
一般情况在基数词后加-th 构成相应的序数词 four—fourth, thirteen—thirteenth
整十数的序数词的构成是将基数词词尾的y变为
twenty—twentieth, forty—fortieth
ie，再加-th
twenty-one—twenty-first,
两位及两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个
位数变成序数词 one hundred and fifty-three—one hundred and
fifty-third
one—first, two—second, three—third, five—fifth,
特殊情况特殊记
eight—eighth, nine—ninth, twelve—twelfth
注意：基数词变序数词的规则：一、二、三特殊记 (first、second、 third), th 从四起 (序数词尾都有th),
八去 t, 九去 e (eighth, ninth), f 来把 ve 替(fifth), ty 变为 tie ( 整 十 的数词)，然后再加 th
(twentieth), 想要变为几十几，只变个位就可以。
3. 序数词的用法。
(1) 序数词在使用时一般在前面加上定冠词the，但当序数词前有物主代词等修饰时，不再加定冠词。
如： The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河。
Today is her ninth birthday. 今天是她九岁的生日。
(2) 序数词前可以加上不定冠词a或an，用来表示“再一；又一”。如:
I can have a third try. 我可以再试一次。(表示这将是第三次尝试)
考点3 数词的用法
1. 表示编号。在表示有编号的事物时，可用基数词，也可用序数词，但表现形式不同。如：
Room 577/Room No. 577 第577号房间
the No. 16 Middle School 第十六中学
Book Four/the Fourth Book 第四册书
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two nine zero two three two nine one 电话号码29023291
one three eight Zhongshan Road 中山路138号
2. 表示时刻。
(1) 表示整点, 用“钟点数 + o’clock”来表示 (o’clock常省略)。如:
five(o’clock)五点 (5:00)
(2) 表示半点, 用“钟点数 + thirty”或“half + past + 钟点数”表示。如：
six thirty/half past six 六点半(6:30)
(3) 表示几点几分，用“钟点数+分钟数”表示。半小时内，也可以用“分钟数+past+钟点数”表示。超过半小
时，也可以用“60- 分钟数 + to + 下一个钟点数”表示。如:
eight seven/seven past eight 八点过七分 (8:07)
seven fifty/ten to eight 八点差十分 (7:50)
3. 表示分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时，分母用复数。如：
three fourths/three quarters 3/4 one third/ a third l/3
1¹/ ₂hours一个半小时(读作: one and a half hours)
2³/₄metres 二又四分之三米(读作: two and three-fourths metres)
1．—How old is Mary?
—________. We had a special party for her ________ birthday yesterday.
A．Twelve; twentieth B．Twentieth;twentieth C．Twenty;twentieth
2．Tom’s mum looks young and beautiful. It’s hard to imagine she is already in her ________.
A．fifties B．fifty C．fiftieths D．fiftieth
3．About three ________ fans went to this concert and ________ of them are girls.
A．thousand; two third B．thousand; two thirds
C．thousands of; two third D．thousands of; two thirds
4．—Do you know Lincoln was born on ________?
—Certainly!
A．February 12th,1809 B．1809, February 12th
C．1809, 12th February D．February 1809, 12th
5．Where are the drivers? Are they in ________?
A．the Room 406 B．Room 406 C．the 406 Room D．406 Room
6．—What time is it now?
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—It’s ________.
A．nine past forty-five B．nine to forty-five C．forty-five to ten D．a quarter to ten
7．Jordan who was ________ returned to NBA in ________.
A．in the thirtieth; 1990s B．in his thirties; the 1990s
C．in his thirties; 1990s D．in his thirtieth; the 1990s
8．My ______ little brother has collected 66 toy trucks.
A．6-years-old B．6 year old C．6-year-old D．6 years old
9．I failed the first jump in the competition and the coach let me have a ________ try.
A．twice B．second C．two D．once
10．There are nine students in this line and John is in the middle. So he is the _________ one in the line.
A．fifth B．sixth C．seventh D．eighth
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