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专题 06 动词时态和动词语态
第一部分 动词时态
动词时态是中考英语核心考点，涵盖一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行
考点分布
时、过去进行时及现在完成时6种时态。
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用及书面表达等题型中。
考情
分析 考法与 考法重语境运用，无明显时间状语提示，依上下文逻辑判断。多数地区试卷中，动词时
比重 态题目分值占比约10% - 20%。
语境化 融入真实自然语境，如校园生活对话，根据动作时间背景选时态。
命题 综合化 常与语态、从句结合，如现在完成时结合被动语态，宾语从句考查时态呼应。
规律 高频化 现在完成时、一般过去时等重要时态反复考，需重点掌握。
生活化 命题贴近生活，如描述周末旅行，用一般过去时讲活动，现在完成时谈影响。
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考点一 一般现在时
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）To make our hometown more beautiful, we _______ many trees and flowers every
year.
A．plant B．are planting C．planted D．were planting
2．（2024·北京·中考真题）A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year.
A．travel B．traveled C．will travel D．have traveled
考点二 一般过去时
1．（2024·北京·中考真题）—What did you do last Saturday, Tina?
—I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there.
A．go B．went C．will go D．was going
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2．（2023·北京·中考真题）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.
A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned
3．（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）Jessica ________ every night before her Chinese test and got good results.
A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．will study
4．（2022·上海·中考真题）The three Chinese astronauts _______ safely from space on April 16, 2022.
A．returned B．are returning C．have returned D．had returned
考点三 一般将来时
1．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us?
— Sure. See you then.
A．had B．have had C．were having D．are going to have
2．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day?
—I ________ a beautiful card for my father.
A．design B．designed C．will design D．was designing
3．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Ben believes he ________ a college student in 3 years.
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A．becomes B．became C．will become D．has become
4．（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）—The car will not start. What can I do?
—Don’t worry. Tom and I ________ it a push.
A．give B．gave C．have given D．will give
考点四 现在进行时
（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand.
A．set B．sets C．is setting D．was setting
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考点五 过去进行时
1．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing?
—Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study.
A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read
2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up? I ________ a shower when you called.
A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking
3．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）While everyone ________ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so
funny.
A．is laughing at B．laughed at C．laughs at D．was laughing at
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考点六 现在完成时
1．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it.
A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit
2．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year.
A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made
3．（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）— Who will talk about the development of American country music next week?
— I suggest Brad. He ________ in Nashville, the home of country music, since he was a child.
A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live
4．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to
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【拓展】
（1）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
①现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般
过去时则只表示过去的事实。
②现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，而一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
如：I haven't seen her these days.；I saw her this morning.
（2）常用现在完成时的固定句型
①This/It is/was the+形容词最高级+n.+that…结构, that从句中要用现在完成时。
如：This is the most interesting film that I have seen.
②It is/has been+时间段+since…。
如：It is/has been 5 years since we last met.
③一段时间+现在完成时+since时间状语从句。
如：Two years has passed since I came here.
（3）常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化
open→be open close→be closed become→be begin/start→be on marry→be married
borrow→keep leave→be away （from） go to→be in buy→have die→be dead
join→be in finish→be over come back→be back wake up→be awake fall asleep→be asleep
1．Look at the timetable. The flight to Shanghai ________ at 10 o’clock. That’s to say, he’s leaving in two hours.
A．left B．is leaving C．leaves D．has left
2．—Shall we meet at the zoo gate at 8 a.m.?
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—In fact we needn’t. It ________ until 9 a.m.
A．doesn’t open B．opens C．didn’t open D．opened
3．Every year, Samuel ________ a DIY present to his father on Father’s Day.
A．will send B．sends C．will be sent D．is sent
4．—Would you like to see the film Boonie Bears: Time Twist with me tomorrow?
—Sorry. I ________ it with my parents the other day.
A．watch B．watched C．will watcb D．am watching
5．—Hi, Judy! I haven’t seen you for a long time.
—Yes. I as a volunteer teacher in the northwest of China. I came back last week.
A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work
6．—Oh, Tony! I haven’t seen you for a long time.
—I came back a few days ago. I ________ children in North-west China for a year.
A．taught B．have taught C．teach D．am teaching
7．—Hello, Sandy. This is Jack. What are you doing?
—I’m watching a match. It started at 7:00 p.m. and on for another half an hour.
A．has been B．has lasted C．had been D．will be
8．—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years?
—Yes! So we must do something to save the earth.
A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be
9．Wait for me. I ________ you right after I get there.
A．call B．called C．will call D．have called
10．—Don’t smoke here. Look at the sign! It says “No smoking”.
—Sorry. I ________ that.
A．won’t do B．didn’t do C．don’t do D．am not doing
11．—I haven’t seen you these days. What are you busy with?
—I ________ my English Speech Competition next week.
A．am preparing for B．prepared for C．have prepared for D．will prepare for
12．—Mum, I’ve got a problem with my computer. Could you help me?
—Sorry, not right now. I ________ fish in a new way.
A．cook B．have cooked C．am cooking D．was cooking
13．—How time flies! Our junior high ________ to an end.
—I can’t forget the happy time we have spent together.
A．comes B．came C．was coming D．is coming
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14．—May I speak to the headmaster?
—Sorry, he isn’t in the office at the moment. He ________ to the new teachers.
A．speak B．spoke C．is speaking D．was speaking
15．—Has our son finished his homework yet?
—I don’t know, but he ________ it the whole afternoon.
A．was doing B．did C．has done D．will do
16．—We couldn’t find you anywhere around 8 o’clock yesterday evening.
—I’m sorry for that. I ________ in the supermarket then.
A．shop B．am shopping C．was shopping D．will shop
17．—Hey, Tom! I called you just now, but you didn’t answer.
—Sorry, I ________ basketball with my friends.
A．was playing B．has read C．read D．will read
18．We ________ by the river side when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back.
A．walk B．walked C．were walking D．have walked
19．Tom called his father every day even while he ________ around the world.
A．was travelling B．is travelling C．travelled D．travels
20．—Look, I ________ the Chinese painting.
—Wow, truly beautiful!
A．finish B．have finished C．will finish D．am finishing
21．There are more than 900 national wetland parks in China, and now ninety percent ________ to the public for free.
A．was open B．are opened C．has opened D．have been open
22．To help people learn more about Chinese history and culture, Nanjing Museum _________ to the public for free
since 2008.
A．has opened B．has been open C．was opened D．was open
23．—Mum, when will Dad be back? He ________ for a week.
—If all goes smoothly, he should arrive home tomorrow afternoon.
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．is leaving
24．—I haven’t seen your father for several days.
—Oh, he ________ Guangzhou on business for a week.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has left for
25．—Hey, Lucas! I haven’t seen Tom for a long time.
—Ah, he __________ Dali. It’s such a beautiful place that he doesn’t even want to come back!
A．went to B．goes to C．has gone to D．is going to
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第二部分 动词语态
被动语态构成：涵盖一般现在时（am/is/are + 过去分词）、一般过去时（was/were + 过
去分词）、一般将来时（will be + 过去分词 或am/is/are going to be + 过去分词）特殊
情况：主动形式表被动意义，如感官系动词 look、taste、smell等，“The food tastes
考点分布
delicious”；某些及物动词转化的不及物动词，像sell、read、write等和副词连用时，
“The pen writes smoothly”；还有不能用被动语态的情况，如表示状态的动词have、
考情 belong to等。
分析
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、句型转换和阅读理解等题型中。
考法：注重语境，常结合时态、从句、动词短语等知识考查。如“Could you tell me
考法与 when the new library will be opened?” 。
比重 比重：多数地区中考试卷里，被动语态相关题目分值占比约5% - 15%，因地区和试卷
题型设置而不同。
在真实自然语境中考查，让学生依上下文逻辑判断是否用被动语态及用何种时态的被动
语境化
语态。
常和其他语法知识综合考查，如与时态结合，考查不同时态下被动语态；与从句结合，
综合化
命题 像在宾语从句、定语从句中考查。
规律 高频化 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态考查频率高 。
命题贴近学生生活，涉及校园、家庭、社会活动等。如校园活动，“The school sports
生活化 meeting was held last Friday” ；家庭生活，“The dishes are washed by my sister every
day” 。
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1．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all
ages.
A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving
2．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival.
—I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business.
A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held
3．（2023·天津·中考真题）Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.
A．shows B．is showing C．were shown D．will be shown
4．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________
on the streets of Chang’an.
A．is found B．has been found C．will be found D．could be found
5．（2019·四川宜宾·中考真题）The tickets for The Wandering Earth _____ well, and they will _____ soon.
A．are sold; sell out B．are sold; sold out C．sell; be sold out
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1.被动语态的结构
被动语态的基本结构是“主语（动作的承受者）+系动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。被动语态的时态、人称
和数的变化通过系动词be的变化来体现。常见的被动语态结构如下：
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
主动语态：We clean the classroom every day.
一般过去时 was/were+done A new pen was given to her by her mother.
主动语态：Her mother gave her a new pen.
一般将来时 will/shall/be go to+be+done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
主动语态：They will plant trees tomorrow.
含情态动词 情态动词+be+done The problem must be solved soon.
主动语态：We must solve the problem soon.
2.主动语态变被动语态的方法
总结：（1）把主动语态宾语变成被动语态主语;
（2）原主动语态动词变成“be+动词的过去分词”;
（3）把主动语态主语放在被动语态介词by之后;
（4）其他不变。
【注意】主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
（1）带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语（物）作主语的被动语态时，间接宾语（人）前必须加介词to或
for。如：
My father bought me a computer.
→A computer was bought for me by my father.
（2）有些感官动词和使役动词（hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等）在主动语态中作谓语时，其宾语补足语
后的动词不定式省略to, 但变成被动语态时，必须将to还原。如：
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.→The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.
3.使用被动语态的情况
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（1）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：
Rice is grown in the south of China.
（2）需要强调或突出动作的承受者，而不是强调动作的执行者。如：
Chinese is spoken more widely in the world.
（3）动作的发出者是某个事物。如：
Many houses were washed away in the flood.
（4）习惯用法。在英语中be born, be located, be dressed, be seated常常以被动语态的形式出现。如：
Linda was born in China in 2008.
4.主动结构表被动意义的情况
（1）open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动
语态表被动意义。如：
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
（2）look, feel, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如：
Mooncakes taste delicious.
（3）be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如：
This book is worth reading.
（4）want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done, to be done为不定式的被动结构。如：
My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.
（5）表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。如：
The story happened on a cold night.
1．—Music and art enter the Entrance Examination for the high school, is it true?
—Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them.
A．is paid B．will be paid C．pays D．will pay
2．—What will you do if you _______ this job?
—I will work harder and do my best.
A．are offered B．offer C．will offer D．will be offered
3．—Let’s go to play soccer, Jack.
—I’m afraid not. I will need one more hour before my project _________.
A．finished B．is finished C．will finish D．will be finished
4．—What ______ to you, Jack?
—I ______ by an e-bike and hurt my arms.
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A．took place; hit B．happened; hit C．took place; was hit D．happened; was hit
5．The 25-year-old actor Wang Hedi ________ for his excellent basketball skills in the NBA All-Star Celebrity Game in
February 2024.
A．praises B．is praised C．was praised D．will be praised
6．It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture ________ in Hongshan Forest Zoo.
A．takes B．took C．is taken D．was taken
7．To make our beloved city much greener, more trees ________ in the next few years.
A．plant B．will plant C．will be planted D．are planted
8．I like shopping online because when my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon.
A．send B．was sent
C．are sending D．will be sent
9．I’m sure that the environment ________ greatly through our work in the near future.
A．improved B．will be improved C．has improved D．was improve
10．—Horse-Face Skirt lovers can ________ walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing the kind of skirt shows their love for Chinese culture.
A．find B．found C．be found D．finding
11．—How many books can ________ at a time, Mrs Green?
—At most three. And you can ________ them for ten days before you must return or renew them.
A．borrow; keep B．be borrowed; keep C．borrow; borrow D．be borrowed; borrow
12．Many people think that badly-behaved travelers ________ so that they won't behave that way again.
A．should punish B．should be punished
C．mustn't be punished D．must punish
13．This English book, together with its listening material, ________ well.
A．sells B．is sold C．sell D．are sold
14．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had getting the two tickets.
—But the match is really worth ________.
A．watch B．watching C．being watched D．to be watched
15．Gulliver's Travels _________ so well that it _________ out in all the shops in my town.
A．is sold; sell B．sells; sells C．is sold; is sold D．sells; is sold
16．—The 20th World Cup ________ in Brazil, right?
—Yes. It ________ this summer.
A．held; took place B．was held; was taken place
C．held; was taken place D．was held; took place
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17．The plane ________ for safety every day. It’s safe for us to take it.
A．tests B．tested C．is tested D．was tested
18．A new airport ______ in this city next year.
A．builds B．is built C．will build D．will be built
19．The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A．cleaned B．cleans C．is cleaned D．was cleaned
20．In the future, more robots ________ to make our life better.
A．invent B．are invented C．were invented D．will be invented
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