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专题 02 动词和动词短语
动词的形式变化：涵盖原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。像一般现
在时的第三人称单数变化、现在进行时的现在分词构成等，都是考查热点，常出现在语
法填空、单词拼写这类题目中。动词分类及用法：实义动词（及物与不及物）、Be动
考点分布 词、助动词、情态动词。学生要掌握不同类别动词的用法，比如情态动词后接动词原
形，及物动词可直接加宾语等，在单项选择、句型转换中会涉及。动词词组：常见类型
有动词+介词、动词+副词、动词+副词+介词等。像“look forward to”“give up”这类词
考情
组，其含义和用法是考查重点，常出现在单项选择、完形填空中。
分析
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用和短文填词等题型中。
动词和动词词组在中考英语中占比大，几乎贯穿所有题型。单项选择中占一定比例；完
考法与
形填空、阅读理解中，对它们的理解影响对文章的理解；语法填空常考动词形式；书面
比重
表达中，其正确运用是评分关键。
题目常设置真实语境，让学生根据上下文判断动词形式和意义。比如在完形填空中，给
语境化
出一段校园生活场景，学生要根据情境选合适动词。
将动词与其他语法知识结合考查，如动词时态和语态结合，或和非谓语动词一起考查，
综合化
命题 检验学生综合运用知识的能力。
规律 一些高频动词和词组反复考查，像“make”“take”“put”等构成的词组，学生要重点掌
高频化
握。
选材贴近学生生活，如家庭、学校、社交等，考查学生在生活场景中运用动词和动词词
生活化
组的能力，让学生用英语解决实际问题。
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考点一 动词基本形式
1．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim (do).
2．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）It seems that families are more and more time together. (spend)
3．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）On April 26, three astronauts from Shenzhou-18 (succeed) in entering the
space station and met the astronauts in Shenzhou-17.
4．（2024·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have (邀请) the whole class of children, so no one feels unhappy.
动词的五种基本形式
基本形式 变化规则 示例
动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 do, learn, run, play
第三人称单 一般在动词后直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks
数形式
以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes,
go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成study→studies, carry→carries
i，再加-es
不规则变化 be→is, have→has
动词的-ing 一般在动词后直接加-ing read→reading, cook→cooking
形式
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉live→living, write→writing
e，再加-ing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有sit→sitting, begin→beginning
一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ing
少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词要先变 ie 为die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying
y，再加-ing（初中共3个）
过去式和过 一般在动词后直接加-ed work→worked, play→played
去分词（规
则变化）
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d invite→invited, promise→promised
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有stop→stopped, plan→planned
一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ed
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以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为carry→carried, study→studied
i，再加-ed
注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见课本后“不规则动词表”
考点二 动词分类
1．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）—Dad, what’s for dinner? It ________ nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A．tastes B．smells C．looks D．feels
2．（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）Mike made faces to make his little brother __________.
A．laughs B．laugh C．to laugh D．laughing
3．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Fan Jinshi has ________ a large part of her life to researching and protecting the
ancient Dunhuang caves. She is known to many as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”.
A．paid B．donated C．brought D．devoted
4．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）I couldn’t ________ what else he has to say. Everyone knows that’s a lie.
A．suppose B．imagine C．realize D．consider
5．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）The movie Chang An _________ China’s rich history and culture to people
around the world.
A．protects B．compares C．introduces D．discovers
6．（2023·山东枣庄·中考真题） . Don’t push yourself so hard.
放轻松。别把自己逼太紧。
7．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Bob set out on his new journey this morning. (改为一般疑问句)
Bob out on his new journey this morning?
考向1.实义动词
动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表：
类别 含义 示例 例句
及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接love， need，ask， Jane usually plays the piano on
宾语才能使其意思完整。 want， have, play Saturdays.
不及物 不及物动词自身意思完整，无须接happen ， come ， Nobody knows what will happen
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动词 宾语。 run， work next.
考向2.助动词
助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等。
助动词 句法功能 例句
be动词（am, 构成现在进行时 Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends.
is,are）/（was,were）
构成过去进行时 Li Ming was sleeping when his father came back.
构成被动语态 Parking is not allowed here.
do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like the book your mother bought for you?
用于倒装句 Seldom does he come late.
构成否定祈使句 Don't make any noise in the library.
代替主要动词 I don't like eating noodles, but my brother does.
have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has played soccer on the playground for a long
time.
will/shall/ would 构成将来时 There will be more helpful robots in the future.
考向3.系动词
系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、
状态。具体分类如下：
类别 示例 例句
表示状态的系动词 be My father is a teacher.
表示持续的系动词 keep， remain， lie， My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep
stay healthy.
感官系动词 look， sound， feel， The new cloth feels smooth and soft.
smell， taste
表示状态变化的系动词become， get，turn， In spring，trees begin to turn green.
go， grow
考向4.实义动词词义辨析
实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。
解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，
确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。
考点三 情态动词
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1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）— ________ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy? — No problem.
A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Need
2．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）The lovely boy ________ ride the bike at the age of six.
A．must B．could C．need D．should
3．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like
to.
A．may B．should C．must D．have to
4．（2023·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Where are you going this summer vacation?
—I ________ go to Zibo, but I’m not sure.
A．must B．needn’t C．might
5．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）Having an ice-cream in the hot summer ________ be cool.
A．must B．need C．can’t
6．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Shh… ! This is a library. You ________ keep your voice down.
A．can B．can’t C．should D．shouldn’t
7．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom?
—No, you ________. You can use any colour you like,
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
8．（2022·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Miss Li. I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke his glasses.
A．may B．have to C．mustn’t D．needn’t
9．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）Lili ________ be at home. She has gone to the farm to pick apples.
A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must D．can
10．（2023·山东日照·中考真题）You had better （解释）it to our teacher, not to me.
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【拓展】
（1）由Must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must或have to，否定回答用needn't或don't have to。
（2）May/Might I…?表示请求时，否定回答用mustn't或can't。
（3）由Need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must或have to，否定回答用needn't。
（4）由Could引导的一般疑问句，回答用can或can't，不用could。
考点四 动词短语
1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—I think your grandfather should ________ smoking.
—I agree. Smoking is bad for his health.
A．put up B．give up C．pick up D．take up
2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）—Which school club should I choose?
—It ______ what skills you want to develop.
A．takes on B．carries on C．puts on D．depends on
3．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Many think SOS is short for “save our ship”, but it doesn’t really ________ anything.
A．look for B．stand for C．pay for D．try for
4．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）To live a green life, we should remember to _________ the lights when we leave a
room.
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A．turn on B．turn off C．turn up D．turn down
5．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Ben, help me ________ the book from the shelf, will you? It’s out of my reach.
—With pleasure.
A．take down B．throw away C．look through D．hand out
6．（2024·四川·中考真题）In China, people usually ________ their houses before the Spring Festival.
A．clean up B．look up C．take up D．put up
7．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—I think people should stop ________ trees.
—I agree. Instead, more trees should be planted to protect the environment.
A．lying down B．cutting down C．turning down
8．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Tony, come over. What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text message?
—Don’t you know that, Amy? They ________ “keep in touch”.
A．ask for B．go for C．stand for D．search for
9．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes?
—Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s _________ to people in need.
A．give them away B．wash them away
C．throw them away D．keep them away
10．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—Dr. Know, I can’t keep my son away from the screen. What should I do?
—By doing creative activities with him, he may not ________ the screen too much.
A．call on B．pay for C．depend on D．believe in
考向1.同一介词/副词型
for短语 ask for 请求 care for关心；关怀 leave for动身去 cheer for为……加油 pay for为……付钱
prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻；寻找 send for派人去请
stand for代表；象征 wait for等待 thanks for因……而感谢
up短语 add up加起来；合计 bring up提出；养育；培养 cheer up使振奋clean up清理；打扫
use up用完；用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装；装扮 eat up吃光
end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up修理；修补 stay up熬夜 tidy up整理；收拾
grow up成长；长大 hurry up赶快
out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生；爆发 point out指出
bring out使显现；使变得明显 carry out 执行；贯彻 find out查明；发现
down短语 break down停止运转；出故障 calm down平静下来 slow down放慢速度
die down变弱；逐渐消失 fall down倒塌；跌倒 knock down拆除；撞倒；击倒
lie down躺下 pull down拆掉；拆毁 look down俯视；轻视 sit down坐下
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shut down关闭；停业 write down写下；记下
away 短语 blow away驱散；吹走 get away离开；逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走 run away逃跑
throw away扔掉
about短语 argue about争论 bring about引起；造成 care about关心；在意 hear about听说
hang about闲逛talk about谈论think about考虑worry about担心
at短语 aim at瞄准；旨在 laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达（小地方）knock at敲
point at 指向…… smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊 stare...at凝视；盯着看
off短语 run off流失；逃跑drop off入睡；下降 fall off减少；跌落leave off停止；中断
shut off关闭；切断pay off偿清（欠款等）ring off挂断电话 send off发送；邮寄
set off动身；启程show off炫耀 give off（散）发出；放出（气味、热、光等）
on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召；拜访depend on依靠；依赖feed on以……为食
focus on集中于 hold on别挂电话；坚持keep on继续前行pass on传递 try on试穿
work on从事于；忙于
With agree with同意 begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……相连
短语 catch up with追上；赶上 fall in love with爱上（某人或某物） deal with解决；处理
go with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃；交出（难舍之物）
stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享 talk with和……交谈
in短语 break in 强行闯入；打断 bring in引入 check in报到；登记 fill in填写
result in导致；引起hand in上交take in吸收；收入believe in信任；信赖
考向2.同一动词型
come短语 come on 加油；快点儿come out 出现；出版 come over顺便来访
come along 出现；进展 come up with 提出；想出 come back回来
come up出现；升起 come down落下；崩塌 come in进来
come across（偶然）遇见 come true（希望、梦想等）实现
cut短语 cut down削减；砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into侵犯；打断
cut out删去；停止 cut off切断；中断
Keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away from远离 keep off使……不接近
keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系
look短语 look at看look after 照顾；照料 look into调查 look out当心；留神
look up查阅；查找 look for寻找；盼望 look around环顾 look over查看；检查
look through浏览 look back回顾 look up to尊敬；钦佩 look forward to盼望
look out for留心；注意察看look like看起来像
put短语 put up举起；搭建；张贴 put down写下；放下 put back把……放回原处
put into注入；投入 put away放好 put on穿上；上演；增加put out熄灭 put off推迟
put through接通（电话）
turn短语 turn over翻身；（使）翻转turn out结果是；证明是 turn on打开（电灯等）
turn off关闭（电灯等） turn away把……拒之门外 turn up开大；调高
turn down调低，关小；拒绝 turn in上交；归还 turn to求助于turn around（使）转身
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get短语 get up起床 get on上车（船、飞机等） get off下车（船、飞机等）get down下来
get into进入；陷入 get to到达 get back回来
go短语 go on继续 go away走开；离开；消失 go ahead 进行；前进
go along继续前进；沿着……走 go by（时间）流逝 go over复习；仔细检查
go off 爆炸；（警报等）响起 go down下降 go up上升；增长
go out 熄灭；出去（娱乐） go through通过 go back返回
give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服；让步give away捐赠；泄露give out散发；分发
give over停止；交出 give back归还；恢复
take短语 take up占用；开始从事 take down写下；记下take away带走；拿走
take over接收；接管 take out拿出；除去；扣除 take care of照顾
take place举行；发生 take pride in以……为傲take part in参加
take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像 take the place of 代替
考向3 混合型
混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。
一、单项选择
1．For your safety, you ______ wear the car belt and slow down while driving on highways.
A．might B．can C．need D．must
2．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to ________ the Nobel Prize in science.
A．win B．present C．discover D．invent
3．China’s Beidou System can now be directly ________ to mobile phones, so we can find where the phones are even
when there’s no signal.
A．connected B．reported C．devoted D．pointed
4．—Many young people can’t ________ to buy houses in big cities in China.
—Exactly.
A．offer B．effort C．affect D．afford
5．—Why don’t you join our school basketball team?
—Because they don’t ______ students over the age of 15.
A．provide B．refuse C．accept D．control
6．—If you always ________ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure.
—I feel the same way. One should believe in himself.
A．connect B．complain C．compare D．consider
7．I’m surprised to know that camels ________ live without water for a long time.
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A．can ` B．shall C．must D．need
8．An English-Chinese dictionary is a book that gives a list of English words in order and ______ their meanings in
Chinese.
A．creates B．imagines
C．impresses D．explains
9．—For a country to be strong, good education ________.
—That’s for sure. Our country has put great efforts into it.
A．minds B．matters C．agrees D．accepts
10．—Let’s go and get something delicious to eat. What do you ________?
—How about Boiled Fish with Sichuan Pickles?
A．insist B．imagine C．suppose D．suggest
11．Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, try out new things and ________ career choices.
A．explore B．require C．miss D．control
12．You ________ bring an umbrella. The radio says it’s not going to rain this afternoon.
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．can’t
13．—Does the hotel ________ free breakfast for all the guests?
—No. It’s only for the guests who attend the meeting.
A．buy B．afford C．improve D．provide
14．Murder Mystery Game, or “Jubensha” in Chinese, ________ players with a chance to experience different lives.
A．covers B．presents C．compares D．provides
15．My best friend always ________ me writing homework when our teachers are speaking.
A．advises B．suggests C．considers D．prevents
16．Don’t be a bookworm. We should ________ the knowledge we get from books with our life.
A．devote B．connect C．express D．create
17．— I’m thinking about how to spend the weekend. What do you ________?
— How about going camping with us? We can have fun together.
A．insist B．imagine C．suggest D．suppose
18．If children spend several hours playing outdoors every day, they can ________ the chance of having poor eyesight.
A．regret B．reduce C．refuse D．renew
19．You _________ go to the library to renew the book. Online service is much easier and faster.
A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
20．—What a pity! A 4-year-old boy was hit by a truck when playing by the road.
—I agree that, to parents, children’s safety ________ be paid too much attention to.
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A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
21．—Are you ready for taking part in the Aespa’s show?
—No. It is easy to ________ a play but difficult to act it out.
A．make up B．take up C．go up D．put up
22．Labour plays an important role in developing students’ view of the world and life. That’s why we need to
_________ labour education at school.
A．take up B．carry out C．work for D．work out
23．The thief ______ a house through the window but was caught at last.
A．broke into B．broke in C．broke down D．broke out
24．Don’t ________ your coat, Tina. It’s easy to catch a cold in spring.
A．take off B．take away C．take on D．take out
25．Too many traffic accidents happened at the corner of the street. So let’s ________ a sign to warn the drivers.
A．put in B．put up C．put out D．put through
26．—You made trouble again, Andy!
—Don’t be angry with the boy. Look! He felt so guilty that his head ________.
A．came down B．fell down C．hung down D．broke down
27．Suzy ______ a picture of colourful balloons with scissors. How beautiful it was!
A．ran out B．cut out C．handed out D．found out
28．Mr. Li ________ a bookshelf at the back of our classroom to make us a mini reading corner.
A．picked up B．got up C．put up D．looked up
29．—Iranian President ________ in a helicopter crash (直升机坠毁) on May 19th, 2024.
—I’m sorry to hear that.
A．took away B．put away C．passed away D．got away
30．—I will miss you when I go abroad for further study this autumn.
—Don’t worry, you can ________ me by email.
A．come up with B．make friends with C．get along with D．keep in touch with
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