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专题 05 代词、冠词和介词
第一部分 代词
人称代词：考主格与宾格用法区别，如主格作主语、宾格作宾语，以及在比较级等语境
中的使用。
物主代词：考查形容词性和名词性物主代词辨析，前者后接名词，后者可单独用。
反身代词：考其表示动作反射自身的用法，以及在“enjoy oneself”等固定短语中的搭
考点分布
配。
不定代词：是重难点，考查both、neither等词用法区分，与形容词位置关系，some与
考情 any、few与little等用法区别。
分析
指示代词：考查this、that等基本用法，以及在打电话等特殊语境的运用。
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、阅读理解等题型中。
考法与 考法：一是直接考语法规则，二是结合语境考查。
比重 比重：约占中考英语总分的5%-10%，不同地区有差异，在各类题型中均有涉及。
语境化 注重在真实语言情境考查运用，考查语言实际运用和阅读理解能力。
命题 综合化 与其他语法、词汇知识结合，如和动词时态、句型结构一起考。
规律 高频化 常用代词如人称、物主、不定代词是高频考点。
生活化 考查内容贴近学生生活，阅读理解常涉学校、家庭等生活场景。
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考点一 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
1．（2024·北京·中考真题）My friends and I like sports. ________ often play basketball together after school.
A．We B．I C．They D．You
2．（2024·四川·中考真题）My mother’s birthday is coming, and I will buy a gift for ________.
A．she B．hers C．her D．herself
3．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Oh! I forgot to bring ________ ruler.
—Don’t worry. I can share mine with you.
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
4．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________.
A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine
5．（2024·河北·中考真题）—Mary, is this your sister’s smartwatch?
—No, ________ is pink.
A．his B．mine C．hers D．yours
6．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books
online.
A．herself B．hers C．she D．her
【知识必备】人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
人称
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
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she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
1.人称代词的用法［2024.41］
类别 位置 作用 例句
主格 句首， 用在动词前 作主语 I like English very much.
宾格 用在谓语动词或介词后， 作宾语 The boy asked him for help.（动词之后）
表示动作或行为的对象
Can you look after her while I'm away？（介词之后）
宾格 用在系动词之后 作表语 —Who's the boy in the photo？
—It's me.（系动词之后）
2.物主代词的用法［2024.68］
类别 作用 例句
形容词性物主代词 作定语 Our classroom is very bright.
作主语 His bike is new， but mine is old.
作宾语 I can't find my pen. Could I use yours？
名词性物主代词
作表语 This computer is hers.
与of连用，作定语 The red hat of hers is beautiful.
【注意】
（1）形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。如：This is my bag.=This bag is mine.
（2）当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时，不可以再用a, an, the, this, that等词来修饰。如：my book，前面不
可以再加a。
（3）形容词性物主代词可与own连用来表示强调，意为“某人自己的”。如：This is her own car.
【拓展】形容词性物主代词的常见固定搭配
on one's own独自
lose one's life丧生
lose one's way迷路
change one's mind改变主意
make up one's mind下定决心
take one's time不着急，慢慢来
with one's help在某人的帮助下
do/try one's best尽某人最大的努力
to one's surprise令某人感到惊讶的是
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3.反身代词的用法
位置 作用 例句
动词或介词之后 作宾语 I hope you enjoy yourselves at the party.（动词之后）
Jack, you need to finish your homework by yourself.（介词之后）
系动词之后 作表语 I am not quite myself today.
名词或代词之后或句末 作同位语 The boy made the model plane himself.
【拓展】反身代词的相关短语
lose oneself迷失自我
enjoy oneself玩得愉快
talk to oneself自言自语
keep sth. to oneself保密
dress oneself自己穿衣服
by oneself单独地，独自地
come to oneself恢复；苏醒
help oneself （to） 自用（食物等）
teach oneself=learn by oneself自学
look after/take care of oneself照顾自己
考点二 指示代词
1．（2024·江苏连云港·一模）The games of the coming Paris Olympics are similar to ________ of 2008 Beijing
Olympic games.
A．that B．those C．this D．one
2．（2023·江苏南京·三模）The coronation(加冕) of Charles III was a more modest size than of the late Queen
Elizabeth, with far fewer guests in Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特大教堂) and a march back to Buckingham Palace
which only covered about a quarter of the distance compared to 1953.
A．it B．that C．one D．this
3．（21-22九年级上·江苏盐城·期末）— Two tickets for the film The Battle at Lake Changjin, please.
—Only one left. Would you like to have _______, sir?
A．one B．it C．this D．that
4．（2022·江苏连云港·二模）I find ________ is very exciting for me to go camping in the open air.
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A．it B．this C．one D．that
1.it, one, this/these与that/those
代词 用法 例句
it 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物（同类同物） He looked for his watch everywhere, but
he couldn't find it.
当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看（听）不出来Look at the baby!Isn't it lovely?
时，常用it指代
距离、时间或天气 It's getting colder and colder.
one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物（同类异The scarves are so beautiful. I want to
物） buy one for my mother.
this/these ①常用来指代离自己较近的人或物，单数用 this，复数用Please remember
these；
this: No pains, no gains.
②指代下文要提到的人或物
that/those ①指代离自己较远的人或物，单数用that，复数用those； Those people in the car are his brothers
and sisters.
②常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复
2.it的特殊用法
（1）it作形式主语，常用于以下句型：
①It's+adj. （+for/of sb.）+to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）是……的/（某人）做某事真……。如：
It's very important for us to eat breakfast every day.
②It's time to do/for/that… 是（做）……的时间了。如：
It's time to get up.
③It seems that… 好像/似乎……。如：
It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese painting.
④It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。如：
It's your turn to clean the classroom.
⑤It's+adj.+that从句 ……是……的。如：
It's impossible that we finish the work in two days.
⑥It takes/took （sb.）+一段时间+to do sth. 做某事花费（某人）多长时间。如：
It took him three hours to get to the train station.
（2）it作形式宾语，代替由动词不定式或从句等表示的真正宾语，常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等
词后。如：
I find it important to learn history.
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考点三 不定代词
1．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. ________ of them help students explore the
science world.
A．Neither B．Both C．All D．None
2．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）—There used to be lots of fish in the lake in our neighbourhood.
—Very ________ now. The nearby factories often put the waste into the river.
A．few B．fewer C．little D．less
3．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）We’re looking for ________ who can deal with the new computer virus.
A．someone B．everyone C．something D．everything
4．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Andy, is there ________ in today’s newspaper?
—Yes, I can lend mine to you.
A．something interesting B．anything interesting
C．interesting something D．interesting anything
考向1 普通不定代词
1.both, either, neither, all与none
代词 用法辨析
both 表示“两者都”，常见搭配both… and…， 表示“……和……都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
either 表示“两者中的任意一个”， either… or… 表示“或者……或者……”，作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一
致”原则
neither 表示“两者都不”， neither… nor… 表示“既不……也不……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一
致”原则
all 表示“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用
none 表示“三者或三者以上都不”，常与of连用
【注意】“either/neither+of+名词复数/代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可。
2.none与no one
代词 用法辨析
none 指代人或物 可与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可
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no one 常指代人 不与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
3.some与any
相同点 均可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即不确定的数量、数目
不同点 some 一般用于肯定句中，也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句
中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答
any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，用于肯定句时表示
“任何（一个、一些）”
4.each与every
相同点 “each/every+名词”作定语时，谓语动词要用单数形式
each用作形容词、代词，可单独使用 every仅作定语，不可单独使用
each强调个体 every强调整体
不同点
each指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每
一个”
each后可加of短语 every后不可加of短语
5.many与much
相同点 均表示“很多，许多”，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语，可以与so, too, as, how等连用
不同点 many 指代或修饰可数名词复数
much 指代或修饰不可数名词
6.a little, little, a few与few
表否定(几乎没有) 表肯定(有一点/几个)
修饰可数名词 few a few
修饰不可数名词 little a little
考向2 复合不定代词
1.初中常见的复合不定代词
some-（肯定） any-（否定/肯定） every-（肯定） no-（否定）
-one（指人） someone某人 anyone任何人 everyone每人，人人 no one没有人
-body（指人） somebody某人 anybody任何人 everybody每人 nobody没有人
-thing（指物） something某事 anything任何事 everything每一件事 nothing没有东西
2.复合不定代词的用法
用法 例句
由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词在肯/否定句中的用法与someWe need someone to come up with new ideas.
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和any在肯/否定句中的用法基本相同 She wasn't anybody before she got that job.
形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时需后置 There is something interesting in the book.
复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 Somebody is talking in the empty house.
There is something/nothing wrong with… ……出问题了/没There is nothing wrong with the car.
有问题。
含复合不
定代词的…have/has something/nothing to do with… ……和……有Her job has something to do with computers.
常用句型关/无关
sb. can do nothing but… 某人什么都不能做，除了…… Be patient, anyway, you can do nothing but wait.
考点四 疑问代词
1．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）— ________ is this basketball?
— Perhaps it’s our English teacher’s. He likes sports.
A．Whose B．Where C．How D．Which
2．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）—________ are you looking forward to?
—Visiting the Great Wall.
A．What B．Where C．How
3．（24-25九年级上·安徽蚌埠·期末）— You went to Shanghai last week. I wonder ________ you went there with.
— Oh, some of my pen friends.
A．which B．whom C．what D．whose
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，一般放在句首。
代词 用法 例句
who “谁（主格）”，用于询问人，在句中作主Who told you the news？（作主语）
语、宾语或表语
Who did you meet there？（作宾语）
Who is your teacher？（作表语）
whom “谁（宾格）”，用于询问人，在句中作宾Whom are you talking with？
语
whose “谁的”，用于询问所属关系，在句中作定Whose book is this？（作定语）
语或表语
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Whose is the shirt？（作表语）
what “什么”，用于询问事件、东西、职业等，What is in your bag？（作主语）
在句中作主语、表语或宾语
What is this？（作表语）
What did you buy?（作宾语）
which “哪一个”，指在一定范围内的人或物，在Which is my seat？（作主语）
句中作主语或宾语
Which picture do you like best？（作宾语）
1．I bought ________ a pen as a gift, and she liked ________ very much.
A．she; this B．her; it C．hers; that D．hers; one
2．—I’ve lost my ruler and I can’t find ___________ anywhere.
—I have many rulers in that box. Just take __________.
A．it; it B．it; one C．one; it D．one; one
3．Jenny likes the dress very much. So ________ wants to buy ________.
A．he; it B．he; one C．she; it D．she; ones
4．The boy is from Tianjin, and ________ name is Li Hua.
A．your B．their C．her D．his
5．This is a public park. _________ person may visit _________.
A．Any; it B．Some; it C．Any; them D．Some; them
6．Books are ________ best friends. Reading books can provide ________ with rich knowledge.
A．us; our B．us; ours C．ours; us D．our; us
7．—Do you know David is ______ cousin?—Yes, and I am a friend of ______. Nice to meet you.
A．mine; him B．my; his C．mine; his D．my; him
8．I saw several girls at the door, but ________ of them is my sister.
A．either B．neither C．none D．both
9．—Have we got _______ apples?—No, we haven’t. We’ve got _______ oranges.
A．any; any B．some; any C．some; some D．any; some
10．It can’t be ________ brother. ________ is still in France.
A．my; He B．he; His C．him; His D．me; He
11．________ hometown is famous for tea and ________ is famous for rice.
A．Her; my B．Her; mine C．Hers; my D．Hers; mine
12．—Lucy, could you please teach ________ English?
—Of course! But it’s more important to learn it by ________.
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A．my; yourself B．me; you C．my; you D．me; yourself
13．I saw two boys at the door, but ________ of them is my brother.
A．either B．neither C．none D．both
14．—Is this mobile phone a new type? —Yes, I bought _________ last weekend.
A．it B．that C．one D．this
15．—Would you like tea or coffee? —________. I am not thirsty.
A．None B．Neither C．Either D．Both
16．The American student could speak only ________ Chinese, but he managed to communicate with us.
A．few B．little C．a few D．a little
17．—Why am I so unlucky today?—Everyone has one of those days when ________ goes right.
A．nothing B．anything C．everything D．something
18．—Maybe I can’t pass the Chinese test this time, Grandpa.—Don’t worry. Believe in ________.
A．himself B．yourself C．myself D．herself
19．—Is there ________ in today’s menu? —Yes. We have Beijing Roast Duck.
A．special anything B．special nothing C．anything special D．nothing special
20．—It’s unbelievable that 5G technology is progressing in such a rapid way!—____________ is impossible.
A．Something B．Anything C．Nothing D．Everything
第二部分 冠词
不定冠词（a/an）：依单词首发音选，表数量、泛指，用于固定搭配。
考点分布 定冠词（the）：用于特指、上文提及、独一无二事物、序数词等情况。
零冠词：复数/不可数名词泛指、季节月份等名词、球类运动、非特指三餐前不用。
考情 题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中。
分析
考法与 考法：直接考规则或结合语境判断。
比重 比重：占总分3%-7% ，单项选择、完形填空、语法填空均有涉及。
语境化 在真实情境，如故事场景中考查。
命题 综合化 常与其他语法知识一同考查。
规律 高频化 a/an、the基本用法为高频考点。
生活化 考查内容关联校园、家庭生活。
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考点一 不定冠词 a/an
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such
________ exciting event.
—Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them.
A．a, an B．an, a C．a, the
1.基本用法
用法 示例
泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类 A car is a convenient mean of transportation.
It seems to be an interesting book.
泛指人或物的身份或性质 A doctor can save people's lives.
用于第一次提到的人或事物 I went to the shop and bought a watch.
用于序数词之前，表示“再一，又一” After reading the story， he wants to read it a second time.
表示“每一”，相当于every He goes to the supermarket three times a week.
用在某些抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一阵、一a great joy a heavy rain a strong wind
份、一场”
2.不定冠词的常见搭配
动词词组 give a hand给予帮助 have a cold感冒 have a good/great time玩得愉快 have a picnic去野餐
have a toothache牙疼 have a try/look试一试/看一看 keep a diary记日记 make a living谋生
pay a visit to拜访 take a walk散步 take a photo拍照
介词词组 in a hurry 匆忙in a moment立刻 as a result 结果in a word 总之
其他词组 a little/few 一点儿a lot of许多 a number of许多，大量a pair/piece/group/bottle of一双/张/组/瓶
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3.不定冠词a和an的区别
（1）a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：He told me a very funny story.
【注意】有一些词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但是以元音音素开头，要用an。如：an honest boy, an hour
（2）an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如：
She is an excellent student.
（3）下表是常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a/an的各种情况：
A a an apple an artist an Asian country an American girl
E e an exciting job a European country an egg an eight-year-old boy
an eleven-year-old boy
I i an idea an interesting story
O o an orange an old man an outgoing girl
U u a useful book a university student a UFO a usual story an unhappy girl
an umbrella an ugly man an unusual day
（4）26个英文字母中，前面用an的字母要牢记：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
考点二 定冠词 the
1．（2023·上海·中考真题）We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old.
A．the B．/ C．an D．a
2．（2024·天津·中考真题）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填
3．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
1.基本用法
用法 示例
用在双方都知道的人或事物前 Give me the pen, please!
特指上文已提过的人或事物 My mother bought me a book. The book was interesting.
用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The earth moves around the sun.
用在序数词前和形容词最高级前 The second girl is the shortest, but she runs （the） fastest of
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all.（句中fast是副词）
用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物 The young should be polite to the old.
用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或物 The shark is the most dangerous animal in the sea.
用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇 The Whites are going to have a picnic tomorrow.
用在表示方位的名词前 Xinjiang lies in the northwest of China.
用在乐器前 He plays the piano very well.
用在以普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall
the Summer Palace
用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前 The West Lake is very beautiful.
2.定冠词的常见搭配
介词词组 in the end最后 in the past在过去 by the way顺便说一下 at the age of在……岁时
at the same time同时 at the moment此刻，现在at the end/beginning of在……的末尾/在……开始
时
the same as… 和……一样 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上
动词词组 go to the cinema去看电影 go to the station去车站
其他词组 the number of ……的数量 all the time一直
句型 What's the matter with you？你（们）怎么了？
考点三 零冠词
1．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school.
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
2．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering
food.
A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; /
3．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in
China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in ________ May.
A．a; a B．a; the C．the; a D．a; /
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1.基本用法
用法 示例
用于西方节日、星期、月份、季节等名on Thanksgiving Day感恩节 on Monday在星期一
词前
in May在五月 in summer在夏天
用于一日三餐、球类运动、语言、学have lunch吃午饭 play football踢足球
科、棋类游戏等名词前
in English用英语 play chess下国际象棋
复数名词泛指一类人或事物 Children like to make snowmen in winter.
用于与by连用的交通工具名词前 by car/bus/plane/subway/… 乘轿车/公交车/飞机/地铁/……
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代my brother我的弟弟
词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰
that girl那个女孩
用于某些专有名词（人名、地名、国live in Hong Kong住在香港
名）、物质名词、抽象名词前
Courage is very valuable. 勇气是非常宝贵的。
【注意】我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前，要加定冠词the，如：the Spring Festival
2.零冠词的常见搭配
at home在家 at work在上班 at first起初 at last最后 at noon在中午 at night在晚上
at once立刻 by mistake错误地 by hand手工 in danger处于危险中 in time及时
介词词组
in fact 事实上 in need 需要 in order 井然有序 in space在太空 in trouble处于困境
in class在上课 for example例如 on time按时 on foot 步行 on show展览 on business 出差
动词词组 go to school/work去上学/去上班 have fun玩得开心 go to bed上床睡觉
learn by heart背诵 lose heart灰心
名词词组 day and night日日夜夜 face to face 面对面 step by step逐步地
1．—Jenny, why not go for ________ picnic this Saturday? —Sounds great.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．We can have ________ lunch in the dining hall and then have ________ break.
A．the; a B．/; a C．/; the D．a; the
3．This is __________ map of our school. In the middle of the school is __________ office building.
A．the; a B．a; / C．/; an D．a; an
4．Look, there’s ______ notice. It says, “Help! Protect ______ animals in danger.”
A．a; an B．an; 不填 C．an; a D．a; the
5．Stonehenge is _________ ancient circle of stones in _________ south of England.
A．an; the B．an; 不填 C．a; the D．a; a
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6．________ best time to visit New England in a year is in _______ September.
A．/; the B．A; / C．A; the D．The; /
7．Paper cutting is ________ art form with ________ long history in China.
A．a; the B．a; an C．an; a D．an; the
8．I want to go on ________ trip with my family in ________ summer holiday.
A．a; a B．a; the C．an; the D．the; a
9．Cambridge is on ________ River Cam and has ________ population of about 120, 000.
A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; /
10．Fangfang enjoys playing ________ piano and listening to ________ music as well.
A．/; the B．/; / C．the; / D．the; the
11．Jerry is eating _______ ice cream in _______ sun.
A．an; the B．an; / C．a; the D．a; a
12．—Hello! Is there ________ underground station near here?—Yes. Look! ________ station is on the left.
A．a; The B．a; A C．an; The D．an; A
13．I always have an egg and ________ glass of milk for ________ breakfast.
A．a; a B．the; a C．the; 不填 D．a; 不填
14．Scientists try to find out ________ best ways to protect animals in ________danger.
A．the; a B．a; 不填 C．the; 不填 D．a; the
15．Jack is good at playing ________ guitar, but Bill is good at playing ________ football.
A．a; the B．the; / C．a; a D．the; the
16．Paris, a romantic city, is chosen to be ________ host of the 2024 Olympic Games．
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
17．Beijing is ________ capital city of China. It’s ________ ancient city full of places of interest.
A．a; an B．a; the C．the; a D．the; an
18．Don’t speak in ________ loud voice. I’m listening to ________ radio.
A．a; an B．a; the C．不填; the D．the; 不填
19．—Do you know 2024 is the year of ________ Dragon?
—Sure. The dragon is ________ fifth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle (生肖).
A．a; the B．/; the C．the; the D．the; /
20．Take ________ umbrella with you. It’s ________ useful tool on rainy days.
A．a; an B．an; a C．a; the D．an; an
第三部分 介词
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时间介词：in用于长时段，如年、月；on用于具体日期；at用于时间点。还有before、
by等。
地点介词：in表大地方或内部，at表小地点，on表表面接触，还有above、under等。
考点分布
方位介词：in指地区内，on表接壤，to表不接壤。
方式介词：in用语言材料，with用具体工具，by用方法手段。
考情
分析 固定搭配：像“listen to”“be late for”，是考查重点。
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中。
考法与 考法：直接考规则，或结合语境判断。
比重 比重：分值占比约3% - 7% ，不同题型均有涉及。
语境化 在真实情境考查，如旅游日记中考查地点介词。
命题 综合化 常与其他语法结合，如和定语从句一起考。
规律 高频化 时间、地点介词基本用法和固定搭配常考。
生活化 考查内容关联日常出行、地点描述。
考点一 介词的基本用法
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1．（2024·北京西城·模拟预测）The car accident happened ________ a cold morning.
A．in B．at C．to D．on
2．（2024·江苏镇江·一模）The bridge ________ the river, not far away from here, is called Zhongshan Bridge.
A．across B．around C．along D．against
3．（2022·湖北黄石·模拟预测）—I could tell ________ the look on her face that something exciting had happened
________ a cold evening.
—Exactly!
A．on, in B．with, on C．by, on D．by, in
4．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）—Do you like rainy days?
—Yes, I enjoy lying in bed and listening to the rain beating ________ the windows.
A．through B．toward C．against D．among
5．（2022·江苏南通·一模）There’re so many things around us _________ our will. However, we’ve no excuse to give
up.
A．through B．towards C．against D．under
考向1 时间介词
介词 用法 示例
on ①用在具体的某一天前或特定某一天的上午/下午/晚on June 1st on a cold winter morning
上前
②用在星期、节日前 on Saturday on Children's Day
in ①用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节或泛指的上in the 21st century in the 1980s in 2022
午、下午或晚上前 in July in spring
in the morning/afternoon/evening
②“in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后，用于将来时 in a few days
at ①用在具体的时刻或正午、黎明、黄昏、午夜前 at 8：00atnoonatmidnight
②用于年龄前 at the age of 15
during 在……期间 during the summer holiday
after ①用于将来时，表示“……之后”，后接时间点 The room will be empty after seven o'clock.
②用于过去时，表示“……之后”，后接以过去为起点Uncle Tom graduated from his college after 3
的时间段
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years.
before 在……之前 She must finish all the work before ten o'clock.
since 后接表示过去的时间点，或表示过去时间点的时间Mr. Li has taught math in this school since2003.
状语从句，常用于现在完成时
for 后接时间段，表示动作的延续，主句常用现在完成We haven't seen each other for years.
时或一般过去时
until/till “到……时；直到……为止”，表示动作持续到某一时间They must practice playing the piano until/till 10
结束 o'clock.
The boys didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock last
night.
by by+时间点，表示“不迟于……（not later than）”，常用They had seen four English films by the end of
于过去完成时 last week.
考向2 方位介词
1.on, in, at与to
介词 含义及用法 示例
on on the desk on the wall
表示“在……（的表面）上”（即： ）
表示A地位于B地的外部且接壤 Hunan Province lies onthe west of Jiangxi Province. （湖南
省同江西省接壤）
（即： ）
in 表示“在（大地方）”、“在……内部”或“在……in China in the north in the box
范围之内”（即： ）
表示A地属于B地（即： ） Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（台湾是中国的一部
分）
at 表示“在（小地方）”或“在……附近，旁边”at the door at the airport
（即： ）
at the station at Park Street
to 表示“到……” This road leads to London.
表示“在……范围之外”，即A、B两地不接壤Japan lies to the east of China. （日本在中国的范围之外,且
（即： ） 和中国不接壤）
2.over, under, above与below
介词 含义及用法 例句
over 表示“在……正上方”，两者不接触 We can build a bridge over the river.
under 表示“在……正下方”，两者不接触 My cat is lying under the chair.
above 表示“在……上方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The plane is flying above the clouds.
below 表示“在……下方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees.
3.其他常见方位介词
介词 含义 例句
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around 绕着 She put some flowers around her bed.
四处，在……周围 I went out and had a walk around.
along 顺着；沿着…… They walked back along the riverside.
outside 在……外面 The car was still outside the building.
inside 在……里面 There was a telephone inside the office.
behind 在……后面 Li Lei is behind the door.
beside 在……旁边 Come and sit beside me.
into 到……里面，进入 Come into the house.
near 在……附近 My home is near the school.
opposite 与……相对；在……对面 Their house is almost opposite ours.
考向3 方式介词
介词 用法 示例
by by+表示交通工具的单数名词，且名词前不加任何修饰词 by plane by bus by subway
“by+名词/动名词”表示凭借某种工具或手段 by hand by selling flowers
in in+封闭的交通工具，且名词前有限定词 Alan goes to work in his sister's car.
in+某种材料/语言/声音等 in English
on on+开放型或大型交通工具，且名词前有限定词；固定搭My father goes to work on a bus every
配除外，如：on foot morning.
表示通过网络、电话、收音机、电视等 They talked on the phone and made a deal.
with 表示“用；以；借助于”，其后常接具体的工具 I wrote the letter with a pen.
考向4 其他介词
介词 含义及用法 例句
about 关于（某人或某事） At the museum, I learned a lot about robots.
大约；此处当副词讲，后接数词 There are about six books in my bag.
across 在……对面 There is a big park across from the supermarket.
在……各处；遍及 across the world
against 反对，违反；倚，靠 No shouting, please!It's against the rules.
与……比赛 I am in our school team and we are going to play against
another school next week.
as 作为；以……身份 She works as a teacher.
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像，如同，跟……一样 He speaks English as an Englishman.
except 除了……之外（没有），不包括后面所提到的人Everyone is very happy except Tina.
或物
for 因为，由于 Thank you for helping me.
为了（表目的） They went out for a walk.
给（对象、用途等） I'm writing a poem for Grandma.
赞成（常与系动词be连用） I think you'll be for my opinion.
from 来自;源于;出自（表示来源） This gift is from my friend.
从……（到……）（表示幅度或范围） The store is openfrom8 a.m. to 10 p.m.
使免遭;使免受（表示防止） He tried to keep himself from falling.
like 相似，类似，像 She was like a princess in a fairy tale.
例如，比如 Jane likes many sports,like running and swimming.
像……一样 Let me talk to you like a teacher.
under 低于，少于，在……以下（表示数量、年龄等） Children under 5 can travel at half price.
through 通过；以，凭借；贯穿；自始至终 You can only achieve success through hard work.
with 和……在一起，和，同 She came to school with her classmates.
有，具有 There is a girl with a red hat under the tree.
随着，由于 With the development of society, people pay more attention
to their health.
without 没有，缺乏 He found the place without any difficulty.
不和……在一起；无……相伴 Don't go without your parents!
不（做某事），无 He left without saying anything.
besides 除……之外，还有…… Besides Beijing, I have been to Shanghai.
among 在……之间（三者及三者以上） The woman who is standing among the students is Lily's
mother.
between 在……之间（两者）；常用词组：between…I will be back between five and six.
and…
towards 朝；向；对着 She stood up and walked towards him.
考点二 介词短语及固定搭配
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1．（2024·江苏常州·一模）—It takes a lot of time and effort to develop a good habit.
—Yes, let’s take in one step ________.
A．by the time B．at a time C．all the time D．at that time
2．（2023·江苏常州·一模）—I’m sorry. I didn’t win the first prize in the competition.
—Never mind. ________, it was your first time to join in such a competition.
A．In all B．After all C．Above all D．First of all
3．（2022·天津河东·二模）He likes trying lots of new activities, ________ climbing, sailing and playing the piano.
A．as well as B．such as C．as soon as D．and so on
4．（2022·天津河北·二模）The government asks the people to sort (分类) rubbish into four kinds ________ throwing
it away without sorting.
A．instead of B．just like C．such as D．according to
考向1 介词与动词的搭配
（1）与into搭配：
turn…into… 将……变成…… get into 进入；陷入 fall into 落入；陷入
look into 调查；观察 run into 撞上；偶然碰见 come into 进来
（2）与around搭配：
move around 四处走动；走来走去 look around 环顾四周 turn around 转身
（3）与from搭配:
hear from收到……的来信 come from来自…… die from死于……
protect…from… 保护……免受…… learn from向……学习；从……中吸取教训
（4）与with搭配:
mix…with… 把……与……混合 agree with同意 practice with 和……一起练习
talk with 和……交谈 argue with 和……争吵
（5）其他
go across穿过;横过 wait for等待 dream of梦想 belong to属于 look forward to期待；盼望
考向2 介词与形容词/v.-ed的搭配
（1）be+adj./v.-ed+about
be worried about对……担忧 be crazy about 对……着迷 be sure about确信；对……有把握
（2）be+adj./v.-ed+at
be good at擅长…… be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be angry at对……生气（对事）
（3）be+adj./v.-ed+of
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be scared of 害怕…… be full of充满…… be proud of为……感到自豪
（4）be+adj./v.-ed+from
be different from与……不同 be absent from缺席…… be separated from与……分开
（5）be+adj.+for
be famous/known for 因……而著名 be thirsty for渴望 be good for对……有好处
（6）be+adj.+in
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面薄弱 be rich in富于，盛产
（7）be+adj.+with
be filled with 充满…… be angry with生……的气（对人） be busy with忙于
（8）be+adj.+to
be harmful to对……有害 be similar to与……相似 be friendly/kind to对……友好
更多初中常见的“形容词/v.-ed+介词”短语详见本书“形容词短语辨析”。
考向3 介词与名词的搭配
（1）at短语:
at home 在家里 at work 在工作中
at night在晚上 at present 目前；现在
at the same time同时 at the moment 在此刻
at breakfast早餐时
（2）in短语:
in a hurry 匆忙 in order to 以便，为了
in agreement达成一致 in need 处于危难中
in person 亲自 in return作为回报
in hospital住院 in the end最后
in order井井有条，按顺序 in time及时
in fact事实上 in danger处于危险中
in one's way挡住某人的路 in some way（s）在某种程度上
in the beginning开始；起初；在开始的时候
（3）on短语:
on fire 着火 on the way在路上
on Sunday 在星期天 on business出差
on duty 值日 on foot步行
on time准时 on holiday在休假
on the other hand 另一方面 on sale在出售；减价出售
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on one's way to… 在某人去……的路上
（4）by短语:
by the way顺便说一下 by accident偶然地
by hand手工 by the time到……的时候
by mistake错误地
考向4 其他常见介词相关搭配
after a while 过了一会儿
after all毕竟 after breakfast早饭后
according to根据 as usual像往常一样
be away from远离 because of因为
out of breath上气不接下气 out of control失控
such as 例如 to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是
with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
1．Our school basketball team is going to play ________ another school team next week. It must be exciting.
A．through B．about C．against D．into
2．I often take my dog for a walk __________ the street after dinner.
A．along B．above C．across D．around
3．I can’t see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit ________ me.
A．next to B．behind C．in front of D．on
4．All the students take the bus to school ________ Sam. He goes to school by bike.
A．through B．except C．among D．including
5．There will be a basketball match ________ Class Three and Class Four this afternoon.
A．between B．among C．except D．through
6．People and birds share their homes _________ the blue sky.
A．under B．from C．beside D．without
7．In China, Dr. Bethune helped treat wounded soldiers. He often worked very hard ________ taking a rest.
A．without B．against C．below D．towards
8．—How do you study for a test?
—I study ________ asking the teacher ________ help.
A．by; for B．of; with C．by; to D．with; for
9．The Chinese women’s table tennis team won the championship ______ February 24th, 2024.
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A．in B．on C．at D．for
10．In the picture, a girl sits ________ her mother, reading a book.
A．through B．among C．up D．beside
11．My parents often take a walk ________ the river after supper.
A．above B．in C．along D．with
12．Most people are ________ building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted.
A．for B．with C．against D．without
13．It’s getting colder. The night temperature may drop ________ zero (零) degree.
A．over B．beside C．below D．on
14．Let’s watch the cartoon. The Monkey King can fly ________ the sky and fight bad people.
A．through B．after C．between D．against
15．Happy birthday, Langdon! Here’s a gift ________ you.
A．in B．for C．with D．from
16．________ the four great classical Chinese novels, I like reading Journey to the West best.
A．Among B．Across C．Above D．Along
17．The boy used to play computer games ________ night, as a result, he was sent to a hospital ________ a cold
morning.
A．in; at B．at; in C．at; on D．on; at
18．Pandas are beautiful animals, but they are ________.
A．in danger B．in time C．in pain D．in fact
19．People often lose things when they’re travelling or when they’re ________.
A．in a hurry B．at the moment C．in the end D．in the future
20．一You look really sleepy， Ms.Li.Didn't you sleep well last night?
一No，I didn't.I drank two cups of coffee after dinner. ，I couldn't fall asleep until two o'clock in the morning.
A．So that B．First of all C．After all D．As a result
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