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专题 08 语法填空 1（动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、非谓语动词）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
识·题型解读 命题特点 + 技巧解读 + 真题示例
明·模板构建 答题模板 / 技巧点拨 + 典型问答
用·真题演练 真题示例 + 思路点拨 / 模板运用 + 规范答题 + 变式演练
练·模板运用 最新模拟、预测考向
谓语动词的时态和语态变化
提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓
语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。
1.如何确定谓语动词的时态
(1) 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
1.5G (take) about 1000 to 2000 milliseconds(毫秒) to send and receive data.
2.We can see clearly that Mongolia (位于) between China and Russia on the map.
3.Beijing is such a fantastic place that Amy (travel) there three times.
(2) 通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题
在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状
语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。
1.—The air here is much fresher than before.
—Exactly! We (plant)a lot of trees in the past few years.
2.—Have scientists found life on Mars?
—Not yet, but I think they (find) it some day.
3.Some climbers (dream) of getting to the top of Mount Qomolangma for a long time.
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4.By now, the bird (make)many swan friends there, and it is living a happy life.
5.Two years ago, an author named Sunni Brown (write) a book on doodling.
6.But scientists say that it (be) possible in the future.
7.While we (eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.
(3) 通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判
定时态。
1.He (teach) Chinese at a college in London and returned to China.
2.He (ride) home after he had a quick supper in the restaurant near the hospital.
3.However, he had one secret that made him sad, but nobody (know) about it.
4.And then it just (grow) and makes the world a better place.
5.Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he (land) in
London by accident.
（4）通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是
解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
1.Sorry, you can’t take the dictionary away, Vicky. I (use) it.
2.The child (cry)over there. What's wrong with him?
3.He says that many summer camps (wait) for instructions from the government .
(5) 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。
It is\has been three years since I studied in my school.我在学校学习已经有三年了。
2．如何确定谓语动词的语态
确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其
对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。
如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承
受者，该动词就用被动语态。
注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date
back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。
1.They live in huts—little “houses”. These houses (make)of wood and grass.
2.It (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.
3.When he was little, he (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.
4.Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he (call) into a big house.
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5.Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a person's happiness could be (影响)by social
media(媒体).
6.Most programs will not (allow)to have more than 30 kids.
7.“Why? Your bright sunny smile (love) by everybody, not how many hairs you have!”Miss
Beautiful smiled.
7.I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I (show) around the city.
8.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was (invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.
9.First of all, I think more bike lanes should (build).
10.The read-a-thons are (举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.
11.After hearing about sacrifices(牺牲)made by firemen, she (move)by the risks they face, so
Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them.
3.谓语动词的主谓一致变化
除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。
1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。
2.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但 what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语
动词用复数。
4.就近原则：由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的
主语在人称和数上保持一致。
5.就远原则：主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，
谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
6.“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7.more than one或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
1.Everyone except Tom and John (be)there when the meeting began.
2.Neither of the two brothers (live)with their parents.
3.Playing baseball (be)Dale’s favourite sport.
4.The whole class (be)greatly moved by his words.
5.The Chinese badminton team (be)playing magnificently.
6.The police (be)looking for the murderer.
7.His Selected Poems (be)first published in 1965.
8.I think physics (be)much more useful than maths.
9.Not only students but also their teacher (object)to the plan.
10.There (be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.
11.Here (be)a letter and two books for you.
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非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式
提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句
子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分
词。
一．动词不定式
1.作主语。
(1) It + is + adj. (+ for/ of sb.) + to do sth. 。如：
It is important (for us) to learn English well.（对于我们来说）学好英语很重要。
It is kind of you to help the old.帮助老年人，你真是太好了！
(2)It takes sb. ＋一段时间＋to do sth．
It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 每天步行上学花费我半个小时。
2.作宾语
（1）常用动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）有：afford, agree, want, would like, hope, decide, wish, try, learn,
expect, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse等。如：
She is hoping to win the gold medal.她希望赢得金牌。
She agreed to let me go early.她同意让我早走。
He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening.他决定星期六晚上去拜访这家人。
（2）当动词不定式作宾语，且后面带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语，即动词不定
式放在宾语补足语之后。如：
I found it difficult to find a job in the city.我觉得在这座城市找份工作很难。
（3）动词不定式可以和what，which，when，where，how 等连用(what+ 疑问词)作宾语 。如：
Nobody told us what to do next.没人告诉我们接下来做什么。
I don’t know where to go.我不知道去哪里。
3.作状语
（1）作状语表示目的时，可放在句首或句尾。如：
To learn English well, you must study hard everyday.为了学好英语，你必须每天努力学习。
He came here to ask for his book.他来这儿要回他的书。
（2）用作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用。如：
He is old enough to go to school.他年龄足够大可以去上学。
He is too young to go to school.他年龄太小了不能去上学。
4.作宾语补足语
（1）常见后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, invite, order，
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require, want, warn, teach等。如：
We had to ask him to leave.我们不得不让他离开。
She was the first to encourage me to write.她是第一个鼓励我写作的人。
Do your parents allow you to go to Jim's party?你的父母允许你去参加吉姆的派对吗？
（2）在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式，可以带to，也可以不带to。如：
He often helps his parents (to) do housework on weekends. 他经常在周末帮助父母做家务。
注意
后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词记忆口诀：一感二听三让四看半帮助
一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen to）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look at，see，watch，
notice），半帮助（help）。
5．作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语时要后置。如：
I have some clothes to wash.我有一些要洗的衣服。
（2）如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
如：
Please give me some paper to write on.请给我一些纸来写。
I have no room to live in.我没有房间住。
注意
如果动词不定式修饰 time，place，way，不定式后面习惯上省略介词。
He has no place to live.他没有地方住。
（3）something／anything／nothing＋不定式。如：
I want something to drink.我想要一些喝的东西。
三、动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not＋动词不定式”构成。如：
Tell him not to be late.告诉他别迟到。
Please tell your child not to play in the street请告诉你的孩子不要在街上玩耍。
I’d advise you not to tell him.我劝你别告诉他。
1.The boss told John ________（wait） a second, and he called Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelons
in the market.
2.The 21-year-old girl has been teaching other students ______________（practice） for over three years.
3.We need stricter laws ____________（protect） our river.
4.It also encourages young people ____________（achieve） their dreams.
5.After some time, he was pleased ________（find） that the moon was in the bucket.
6.—Are you going to read the book Journey to the West?
—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________（read） such traditional Chinese books.
7.Besides, the teenagers enjoyed the festival by making lanterns. They used waste paper and other waste materials
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________（make） lanterns.
8.Today, we must continue working ________（keep） our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean.
9.It took around 120 hours ____________（finish） this 3D-printed house.
动词的-ing形式
1．作宾语
（1）在动词 enjoy，practice，finish，mind，miss，keep，suggest，imagine，consider等后面作宾语。
He practices speaking English every day.他每天练习说英语。
（2）在介词of，to，for，after，by等后面作宾语。
Anne is used to living in this city.安妮习惯生活在这座城市。
注意 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）记忆口诀：
完成练习值得忙（finish，practice，be worth，be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on，be used to，give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy，miss，mind）
3．作定语
They found another hiding place.他们找到了另外一个藏身之处。
They plan to build a highway leading into the mountains.他们计划修一条公路通往山区。
4．作表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的业余爱好是集邮。
It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures.听他的冒险故事很激动人心。
5．作状语
She was in the kitchen preparing supper.她在厨房准备晚饭。
Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.我们坐吉普车旅行，参观了许多城市。
6．作宾语补足语
I see him passing my house every day.我看见他天天从我家经过。
I can’t imagine Grandma riding a motorbike.我想象不出奶奶骑摩托车的样子。
三．部分动词后接不定式与动词的-ing形式的区别
1.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（事情未做）
stop doing sth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）
Stop to have a rest, please.请停下来休息会儿吧。
He stopped working.他停止了工作。
2.remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）
Please remember to close the window when you leave the room.当你离开房间时，请记得关上窗户。
I remember closing the window when I left the room.我记得当我离开房间时，我关上了窗户。
3.forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）
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I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。（作业没带来）
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。（作业带来了）
4.regret to do sth.对要做某事感到遗憾（未做）
regret doing sth.对做过某事感到后悔（已做）
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做，但是我没有选择。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
5.mean to do sth.打算／想做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
I meant to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。
1.Instead of ________（eat） burgers and sandwiches so often, she ate salad every other day.
2.Body confidence is about ____________（accept） our bodies fully and understanding what they can do for us.
3.It helped kill their neck and back pain after ________（work） for long hours at home while not requiring much
effort, time and space.
4.After ________（score） a goal, we certainly get a lot of satisfaction.
5.My grandfather used to ______（watch） TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to ______（go） out for
a walk.
6.Many people enjoy ________（make） zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
7.—Is Lucy in the classroom?
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________（draw）.
8.Many students practice ________（run） in the morning because of the P.E. exam.
动词的-ed形式（过去分词）
一、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词，它除了可以与be 一起构成被动语态，与have／has一起构成现在完成
时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。
1．作表语
We were delighted to receive your email.收到你的邮件我们很高兴。
2．作定语
She had a pleased look on her face.她脸上露出高兴的表情。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现了一位穿绿衣服的年轻女子。
3．作宾语补足语
We all wished the problem settled.我们都希望这个问题得到解决。
4．作状语
Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again. 布朗先生深为感动，一再向他表示感谢。
二、动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式作定语和表语时的区别点 重点
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1．作定语时，动词的-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与被修饰词之间是被动关
系。
a moving story 一个感人的故事
the moved people 被感动的人
2．作表语时，动词的-ing形式与主语之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与主语之间是被动关系。
The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。
He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。
三.动词的非谓语形式填空
A
When he was 12, his parents died. He was alone and didn’t get on well with others. No one showed kindness
to him. People always laughed at him. His only friend was a dog named Bobby. He gave his dog enough 1.
（eat） and drink, but he was a little rude（粗鲁的） to it sometimes.
One day when he was going down the street, he saw a young lady 2. （walk） in front of him.
Suddenly, one of her bags dropped（掉落） from her arms. As she stopped 3. （pick） it up, she
dropped other bags. Jim came to help her. “Thank you, dear! You are a nice little boy!” the lady said kindly and
politely, 4. （smile）.
B
This summer, when I walked into my grandparents’ house with my little brother Frank, I tried not 5.
（look） at Grandpa’s chair anyway. It still looked the same. His blue blanket was there, as if Grandpa was going
to pull it over his legs. My cousin Jack was playing in the yard as if nothing had happened. “Let’s go to catch fish!”
Jack carried out the fish net from the corner, Grandpa’s net.
Last summer, I was holding the net when Grandpa asked me whether I could help him teach Frank how 6.
（play） chess. I said no because I wanted 7. （catch） fish. Grandpa had been the one who’d taught
us how to catch fish, but then the illness made him 8. （stay） behind.
I regretted 9. （say） no to Grandpa, and now I wouldn’t have a chance 10. （play）
chess with him.
1.（2024长沙）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It 1 （mark） the end of the winter season
and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits 2
each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special 3 （meaning）.
They represent（象征） the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
Orchids（兰花） come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year.
They are believed 4 （represent） love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be 5 （luck）, successful and
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happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must.
Peonies（牡丹） are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up
someone’s day. Red peonies 6 （give） to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.”
They are also a symbol of wealth and 7 （rich）.
Kumquats（金橘）, with 8 （they） golden color, are a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for
“kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often
presented in pairs.
The apple, with its bright colors 9 round shape, represents peace and harmony（和谐）. In fact, the word
for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. 10 （certain）, apples make great gifts.
2.（2024山东临沂）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hi Alice,
How are you? I want to tell you about my trip to the city space museum two days ago. I have never been there
before so I was 1 （excite）! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I said, “We are going on
an 2 （usual） experience!”
When we arrived, we started to explore（探索）. The space museum is very large and full of interesting and
exciting objects 3 （touch）. The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about different
planets with a quiz（知识竞赛） at the end. The 4 （win） has a chance to invent a name for a planet—that’s
exciting, isn’t it? The 5 （two） room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You can touch an astronaut’s
spacesuit（宇航服）. It looks really heavy! I don’t know how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t
know when it 6 （make）, either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare their food. Did you know they
use a knife, fork and spoon to eat? I didn’t. I thought it was all in bags.
We were looking at the oven from the spaceship when my sister 7 （tell） me she was hungry. So we went
to have a snack. They were preparing a pizza（比萨饼） in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me
hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we 8 （eat） a pizza, they were baking（烘焙）
biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some 9 you—you will love them! They look like rockets
and taste like honey!
After lunch, we explored more of the museum 10 stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the
lights when we left!
Have you ever been to a museum? See you soon!
Helen
3.（2024湖南）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I work at a most popular restaurant in my hometown. I love working here as a member of a fantastic team.
People here are very 1 （friend） and hard-working.
I started by washing dishes when I was only 18. I worked hard, and soon became 2 waiter. Simon, who was
head chef（主厨） then, began to show 3 （I） how to cook. I loved it so much and I 4 （go） to college to
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learn more. When Simon left the restaurant, I became head chef. At the time all the food was traditional. The
quality（品质） was good, but I wanted to do something different, so I decided 5 （have） a different menu.
Now we serve food from all over the country. There are many markets and food shops here. I can 6
（usual） find any ingredient（配料） I need. I use a lot of natural food. Some people think it is not so delicious,
7 I don’t agree. Well-prepared natural food has a 8 （good） taste than fast food. Our food is healthy and most
customers love it. We use the best meat and the freshest vegetables. At the weekend we play many 9 （kind） of
music. There’s also a special menu 10 children on Saturdays and that’s when we serve traditional food.
1.（2024长沙模拟）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Say Goodbye to Stress
Do you feel stressed often? How do you reduce stress in your life? In 1 （I） opinion, you can reduce it
quickly in some simple ways. The more you practice these ways, the 2 （fast） you’ll be able to find your inner
（内心的） peace. So, the next time you feel stressed, try one of the ways below!
Practicing deep breathing sends a message to the brain. You are safe and it is okay 3 （relax）. Breathing
exercises are simple. First, take 4 deep breath through your nose for a count of five. Then, breathe out 5
（slow） through your mouth. This will reduce your nervousness and help you feel more relaxed.
Laughing is also very good for you. Laughter 6 （call） the best medicine after all. A good laugh reduces
nervousness in your body and leaves your muscles（肌肉） more relaxed for up to 42 minutes.
Laughing also 7 （make） your immune system（免疫系统） stronger and reduces your stress hormones
（荷尔蒙）. Watch your favorite TV shows or check out some funny pictures online and see 8 you feel about
them!
Music fills your brain with feel-good hormones. According to 9 （scientist）, classical music can slow
down your heart rate（心率） and lower your blood pressure. But in fact, listening 10 any music you like is
good for you.
2.（2024长沙三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I didn’t have any 1 （confident） in myself when I was young. That was because I was the strongest girl in
my class but I had never been the 2 （smart） kid among the classmates. But one thing changed me later.
It was the first day of my new school and I didn’t know anyone. In the math class, the teacher explained a
couple of problems to us and showed us how to deal with the similar problems. After solving the 3 （five）
problem, she asked us to solve a problem by 4 （we） and write our answers on the whiteboards（白板） that
she gave us. Then we 5 （ask） to hold up our boards so that the teacher could see the answers. It seemed that
nobody had 6 same answer as me. I could not help crying 7 I was afraid that my classmates would laugh at me
for my dumbness. The teacher 8 （come） up to see what was wrong. After looking at my answer carefully, she
said with a smile, “You are the only one in the whole class that got the right answer.” The moment I heard that, I
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started to smile. When the math class was over, it was time 9 lunch. Everyone in the lunchroom discussed how
smart I was.
Since then, I have stopped doubting myself. I have also learned 10 （believe） in myself and feel sure of
my abilities.
3.(2024深圳三模改编)
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.____________ (remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2.____________
(be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At
that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However, someone told me something
that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.____________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I
couldn’t help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise, someone lifted my head up
and wiped the tears from my eyes.
I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li.She said，“you 4.____________ (be) perfect the way you
are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.____________ (accept)you for who you 6.____________
(be)．But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.____________ (inspire)by
her words.Over the past few months，I 8.____________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have
flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.____________ (love)me for who I am.
Now, seeing Kaiya cry，I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.____________ (tell)me.
4.（2024杭州三模）
For only 20 yuan, Fang Wenjing could buy her lunch at a community canteen（社区食堂） in Hangzhou.
She had meat, vegetables and a bowl of rice which are all 1. （real） healthy.
Recently, community canteens have become more and more popular in China. They 2. （be） only
for the old at first. It can be difficult for some old people 3. （cook） on their own, so the canteens
provide help. They can have lunch and dinner within a 10-minute walk, or community 4. （worker）
can bring the dishes to them.
Now, the community canteens are bringing in more young people. For those who don't want to order takeout
meals 5. eat at restaurants, the canteens provide 6. （they） with healthier and cheaper dishes.
This also 7. （encourage） community canteens to think of creative ways to provide food and
make things easier for people. 8. community canteen in Beijing brings out buffet-style（自主模式）
dishes. The dishes are sold at 2.48 yuan per 100 grams. The price is 9. （low） than those of restaurants
close by.
The rise of community canteens couldn't have happened 10. the support of local governments. They
provide money for building the canteens as well as the dining expenses of the old people.
11
