文档内容
第 08 讲 句子成分+句子种类+句子种类长难句
（模拟精练+真题演练）
用单词的适当形式填空
1.(江苏省苏北四市2023年高三调研测试) A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how
plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how they are passing down these adaptations to
their offspring(后代).
【分析】本句是复合句。主干A paper details.how引导宾语从句，published in the journal Trends in Plant
Science为过去分词短语作后置定语。and连接两个并列的宾语从句.
【句意】发表在《植物科学的趋势》杂志上的一篇论文详细描述了植物是如何快速适应气候变化的影响
的，以及它们是如何将这些适应能力传递给它们的后代（后代）的。
2. (2023届河北省名校联考一模) To help resolve this issue, scientists have been trying to learn why species
become endangered.
【分析】本句是复合句。连词why引导宾语从句，充当动词learn的宾语，不定式短语to help resolve this
issue作目的状语，谓语使用现在完成进行时。
【句意】为了帮助解决这个问题，科学家们一直在试图了解为什么物种会濒临灭绝。
3. (2023届广东省广州市统考试题) When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer
than pollinating (授粉) , making honey and being loyal to a queen.
【分析】本句是复合句。When引导的时间状语从句中省略bees are, 主干为bees have long proved that，that
引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当句子成分， pollinating (授粉) , making honey and being loyal to a queen为并
列成分充当介词than的介词宾语。
【句意】在测试中，蜜蜂已经证明了除了授粉（授粉）、制造蜂蜜和忠于蜂后之外，它们还有更多的东
西。
4. (2023届广东省六校联盟试题) There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye.
【分析】本句是复合句。主干部分为there be倒装句型。主语为something, that为关系代词引导定语从
句，并在从句中充当主语。
【句意】那位老妇人的行为有些引起了我的注意。
5. （湖北省武汉市2023届高三质检）Ros Altmann, the former pensions minister, recently wrote of being
contacted by an elderly woman who no longer drives to her local park, because she cannot download the car
parking app required.
【分析】主语Ros Altmanna,the former pensions minister充当同位语，谓语为wrote of，关系代词who引
导定语从句，修饰先行词woman,连词because引导原因状语从句，从句中required为过去分词作后置定语
修饰app。【句意】前养老金部长Ros Altmann最近写道，一位不再开车去当地公园的老妇人联系了她，因为她不会
下载所需的停车应用程序。
6. （2023届浙江卷里卷天下高三联考）Bacon graduated from the University of Connecticut in 2015 and has
since served as an ESL(English as a Second Language)instructor, a naturalist at an outdoor school, and sold
vegetables at farmer’s markets,according to her website on the project,which she’s named Miles For Climate.
【分析】本句是并列句。前句主谓Bacon graduated，后句谓语动词has served as及并列谓语has sold
vegetables, 主语相同，故省略主语。关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作name的间接宾语。
【句意】培根于2015年毕业于康涅狄格大学，之后担任ESL（英语作为第二语言）讲师，在一所户外学校
的博物学家，根据她在农贸市场上销售蔬菜，根据她的网站，她将其命名为英里斯气候。
7. （2023届重庆名校联盟高三诊断试题）His former classmates have kept their promise that after he was gone,
they wouldn’t lose track of Pat.
【分析】本句是复合句。主干部分His former classmates have kept their promise。连词that引导同位语从
句，修饰promise,在从句中，连词after引导时间状语从句，主句为they wouldn’t lose track of Pat。
【句意】他以前的同学们遵守了他们的承诺，在他走后，他们不会忘记帕特。
8. (2023届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题）Paula, who has fully recovered, said, “At 18, Henry has
already been involved in building the rest of my life.”
【分析】本句为复合句，主句中运用直接引语。关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰先行名词Paula，主干
Paula said。
【句意】已经完全康复的保拉说：“18岁的亨利已经参与了构建我的余生。”
9.（2023届江苏省盐城市高三三模试题）Over the next two years, Banerjee explored a range of styles at
Stanford, performed and eventually directed the student group Stanford Swing time, and served as co-chair of the
planning committee for Viennese Ball and for Big Dance.
【分析】本句为并列句。主语一致，谓语动词为一系列的动作连续性发生。
【句意】在接下来的两年里，班纳吉在斯坦福大学探索了一系列的风格，表演并最终指导了学生团体斯坦
福摇摆时间，并担任了维也纳舞会和大舞会规划委员会的联合主席。
10.（2023届浙江省镇海中学高三5月模拟考试英语试题）That critical role shaped the brain’s reward system,
making us hard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and fatty foods.
【分析】本句是简单句。谓语动词shape，表示“塑造”。making us hard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and
fatty foods.为现在分词短语作结果状语。
【句意】这个关键的角色塑造了大脑的奖赏系统，使我们习惯于享受碳水化合物和高脂肪的食物。
11.（2023届东北三省四市教研联合体模拟试题）Swot will scan (查看) the seas and precisely measure fine
differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much of the oceans’
decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur.
【分析】本句为复合句。关系副词where引导定语从句，并在从句中充当地点状语，修饰先行词currents
and eddies.介词短语around smaller currents and eddies充当后置定语。
【句意】Swot将扫描（查看）海洋，并精确测量较小洋流和涡流（漩涡）周围表面海拔（高度）的细微差
异，海洋的热量和碳减少被认为是发生在那里。12.（2023届河北省张家口市高三5月三模英语试题）The Paravel Aviator Grand combines recycled fabric
with recycled metal parts, including zippers(拉锁)and a handle that can be used as long as you do.
【分析】本句主干部分谓语动词combine...with..., including是介词短语作后置定语，修饰metal parts, 关系
代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a handle。
【句意】帕拉维尔飞行员混合利用了可回收的纤维织物和可回收的金属部件，包括拉链（拉锁）和一个可
以使用的手柄。
13.（2023届黑龙江省哈尔滨市九中三模试题）The study, which involved inviting hundreds of researchers to
review an economics paper, is incredible
【分析】本句是主从复合句。主干主语the study is incredible. 非限制性定语从句被which引导，修饰主
语。从句谓语involve后需跟动名词作宾语，故inviting hundreds of researchers ...作其宾语。
【句意】这项研究邀请了数百名研究人员审查一篇经济学论文，令人难以置信。
14.（2023届湖南省衡阳高三联考）Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts have adjusted
exercise plans for them to keep fitness in order to ensure a safe landing, Zhong said.
【分析】本句是话语引述。主干部分Zhong said.引述的话语中，主干部分为experts have adjusted exercise
plans.Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data过去分词短语作状语，to keep fitness in order to
ensure a safe landing均为不定式作目的状语。
【句意】钟说，根据他们的在轨体检和数据，专家们已经调整了锻炼计划，以保持健康，以确保他们的安
全着陆。
15.（2023届山东省济南市高三三模英语试题）Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that
boredom was the ‘dream bird that hatches the egg of experience’.
【分析】本句是复合句。主语Walter Benjamin, 谓语note，that引导宾语从句。The German philosopher充
当同位语。副词once作状语，宾语从句中the dream bird作表语，其后被关系代词that引导的定语从句修
饰。
【句意】德国哲学家沃尔特·本杰明曾指出，无聊是“孵化经验之蛋的梦想之鸟”。
用单词的适当形式填空
1. （ 2022 年 新 高 考 I 卷 ) Additionally from time to time I will assign group work to be
completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
【分析】 本句为主从复合句。主句 I will assign group work, 非谓语短语to be completed in class
or short assignments to be completed at home 充当后置定语, Additionally 为副词作状语, both of
which引导非限制性定语从句。
【句意】 此外，我将不时地分配小组工作在课堂上完成或短期作业在家完成，这两者都将被评分。
1. (2022年新高考I卷)There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,
and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
【分析】 本句为并列句，由and连接。前面是there be句型，主语为700 elderly people, looking afterhens in 20 care homes in the North East为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰people，后半句中谓语使用被动语
态。
【句意】现在有700名老人在东北部的20家养老院照顾母鸡，该慈善机构已经得到了财政支持，以便
在全国范围内推广此举。
3.（2022年新高考II卷）Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service
campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind
the wheel.
【分析】 本句为并列句，由and连接。前一句中谓语动词为 have banned texting, over the last seven
years 为介词短语作时间状语，后句中主干部分为 public service campaigns have tried a wide range of
methods，动词不定式短语to persuade people to put down their phones作目的状语，连词when引导时间
状语从句。
【句意】在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务运动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说
服人们在开车时放下手机。
5.（2022年全国乙卷）It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the
recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
【分析】It is believed that...是主谓宾句子结构。That 引导真正的主语从句，It 充当形式主语，
putting them at a higher risk of the disease是现在分词短语充当结果状语。
【句意】大家都认为，如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是推荐量的三倍，这使得他们患糖尿病的风险
更高。
6.（2022年全国乙卷）( 2022全国乙卷 ) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the
traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural
characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
【分析】 本句是主从复合句。主句 It is different from traditional tourism。 Because引导原因状语从
句 。 Both...and 固 定 短 语 ， 连 接 并 列 状 语 in terms of geographical conditions and cultural
characteristics，and之后省略in terms of。Provides之前的and为并列连词，原因状语从句中使用并列
句。
【句意】这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并
且经常为环境保护提供资金，有利于当地的发展。
7.（2022 年浙江卷）Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to
brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators (捕食者).
【分析】 理解本句的难点在于理清句子结构并了解独立主格结构中非谓语的用法。句子谓语为 change，
其后跟了from...to...的介词结构；逗号后“each designed to give them better cover from predators”是一
个独立主格结构，each (color)为主语，因为不是独立的句子没有谓语，designed是过去分词做后置定语修
饰each (color)。
【句意】 大多数这种兔子的毛皮会在冬天是白色，夏天变成棕色，每个颜色都为了让自己能够更好地躲
避捕食者。
2. 8. （2021 年天津卷）It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic
events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not; more engagement with thearts is linked to a higher level of people's well being.
【分析】 本句为主从复合句。主句为 It is found that...。 that引导真正的主语从句，在从句中不充当句
子成分。关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。真正的主语从句中谓语动词是are。 compared
to为过去分词短语充当状语。
【句意】 研究发现，经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人与不参加的人相比，更有可能拥有健康的体
质；人们参与更多艺术活动与提高健康水平有关。
1. 9. （2022年浙江卷1月） As soon as she graduated from high school，she left home to live
on Catalina Inland off the California coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of
sailing and off-road biking.
【分析】本句的主干是she left home to live on Catalina Inland。（主谓结构）
As soon as连词引导时间状语从句，away from her parents为插入语。关系副词where引导定语从句，指
代先行词coast, 并在定语从句中作地点状语。
【句意】她高中一毕业就离开了家，住在远离加利福尼亚海岸的凯特琳岛。在那里，她远离父母，享
受着帆船和离岸公路骑自行车的生活。
10.( 2022天津卷 ) Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything
desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation,
confidence, mental stability, optimism and“people skills.”
【分析】 此句为复合句，其中主句为"Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost
everything”，其中定语从句"that cannot be measured by an IO test such as character, motivation.
confidence. mental stability，optimism and "people skills修饰everything。
【句意】许多人现在误解了情商，认为情商几乎是一个人妆容中所有必须的，用智商测试无法衡量的东
西，比如性格，动机，信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往能力”。
