文档内容
【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）
第 19 讲 完形填空记叙文(20 空)（精讲精练）
题型目录一览
原词复现
同根词复习
近义词复现
反义词复现
一、知识点梳理
完形填空考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。要求考生通读全文，掌
握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳答案，使文章意思通顺，结构完整。记
叙型完形填空是高考和备考的重点。
解题技巧
1. 读透首句，掌握主旨
重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都
会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的
发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文
章内在联系的＂突破口＂。
2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心
速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙
文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。
3. 身临其境，故事重构
采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，
体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事
或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常
识。
4. 关注末段，注意感想
最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适
的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。
5. 浏览全文，复查核定
根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检
查要点是：
（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；
（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；
（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。
（5）小心常用词汇熟词生义
完形填空中涉及的逻辑关系主要有以下几种：
转折关系：but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless,anyway等
因果关系：so, therefore, thus, because, for, since, as等
让步关系：though, although, while, as, despite, in spite of等
顺序关系：before, after, first, second, in addition, then, next, finally等
条件关系：if, unless, once, provided that等
解释关系：that is to say, in other words等
并列关系：and, while等
题型一原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现
【典例】
I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll wake up and discover that everything they’ve always
known about windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very
strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling is doing...
48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact
题型二同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现
【典例】
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local
paper.The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers
52.called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.
50.A.predicted B.advertised C.believed
D.recorded
题型三同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的词汇复现
【典例】
It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought，but when he 51.researched it，he only found
“Bonnard，” a French 52 he had never heard of.He bought a book and was 53.surprised
to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54.garden as his
father’s painting.52.A.painter B.designer C.author D.actor
题型四反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现
【典例】
(2019·全国Ⅱ)Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear
were replaced with 49 .It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.
49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety
题型五并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，
similarly等。
【典例】
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，
but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in
Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”.
16.A.even B.ever C.once D.already
【题型训练】
【2023▪全国甲卷】 Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go
every summer. The first time we 41 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike
42 its way down the hill toward us. It was 43 called Mario, coming to 44 us a
box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 45 for him to make.
But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46 because they were so misshapen: not at
all like the nice, round, 47 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a
funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 48 , we thought. But we
were 49 his kindness, so we 50 them.
What we discovered is that it’s 51 to judge what you eat only by its 52 .
Those tomatoes had 53 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a
child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to
have a 55 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so
that they can 56 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old
bottle, but it was 57 .
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 58 , and as close as possible to
where they were 59 . What Mario had 60 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
41. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
42. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
43. A. customer B. neighbor C. relative D.
passenger
44. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
45. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture46. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
47. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun
48. A. more B. good C. new D. easy
49. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D.interested in
50. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
51. A. unnecessary B. uncertain C. unwise D. unusual
52. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price
53. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste
54. A. smell B. look C. become D. work
55. A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague
56. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack
57. A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar
58. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need
59. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown
40. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told
【2023▪全国乙卷】To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around
event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41 best. She had to 42 her
bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved
to 44 waves on her board. But it was 45 to take the leap (飞跃), however 46
it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 47 about 1,200 miles away from home,
to 48 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 49 and
everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did 50 what she needed to do to become Olympic
champion when she 51 two Russians. The Chinese coach 52 Douglas into one of
the best gymnasts in the 53 , helping her skyrocket from an 54 member of the
national team to the top of the sport. By 55 the Olympic all-around title, she became the
first black woman to do so. She 56 the competition from beginning to end. She said she
had felt 57 all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karoly, the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did
not think Douglas had what it 58 to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 59
that she could make the London Games-and win.
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she
did.
41. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew
42. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up
43. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no
44. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike45. A. common B. time C. fun D. tough
46. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C.eye-catching D.head-spinning
47. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
48. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train
49. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
50. A. approximately B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly
51. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted
52. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put
53. A. world B. city C. team D. state
54. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic
55. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
56. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led
57. A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy
58. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
59. A. now and then B. more and more C. far and wide D. on and on
60. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
【2022▪全国甲卷】You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was
nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 42
. When I first dated Steve, I 43 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44
that he was an animal lover, I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs
might attack 46 , the cat.
The next week we 47 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch
our 48 , Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so
49 ? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50 , I
began to fall for him.
We 51 to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late
November, Tilly had an operation on her 52 . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I
worried that Tilly 53 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54
his house. All worked 55 . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 56
Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team 57 for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 58 , this man produced a little box with a ring and
proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59 him to. That’s only for giving
60 to the dogs that brought us together.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
47. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed
48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
49. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real
50. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D.Inthat
moment
51. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
52. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
53. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly
54. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched
55. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free
56. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered
57. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling
58. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvanta
59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid
40. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
【2022▪天津卷】When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the
clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone ____16____. But as most students
progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other
students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would ____17___. When I began to play, my rhythms (节
奏) were good, but my tone was another ____18____. “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher
barked at me. I felt so ____19____ and my world came ____20____ down in an instant.
From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting ____21____. With the day of the
new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of ___22___, I asked for
sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) ____23____ way out.
The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.”
My tears started ____24____. “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She
_____25_____ and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a
black hole that would be difficult to __26____ out of. I made a __27___ not to hide from my
fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a ___28____ could be achieved.
The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t
__29___ why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out.
She didn’t ___30___ at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To
my great ___31___ I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was ___32___ a lot
that year.___33___ I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can ___34___ everything in a person’s
life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay __35___ inside.
After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable.
16. A. badly B. endlessly C. randomly D.
smoothly
17. A. mess up B. move on C. set out D. take off
18. A. impression B. essay C. story D. factor
19. A. ashamed B. starved C. excited D. relaxed
20. A. crashing B. moving C. selling D. bending
21. A. stricter B. worse C. happier D. smarter
22. A. joy B. panic C. doubt D. sympathy
23. A. funny B. important C. easy D. traditional
24. A. drying B. disappearing C. flowing D. separating
25. A. had a point B. made a change C. reached a level D. took a break
26. A. send B. bring C. pick D. climb
27. A. request B. resolution C. presentation D. proposal
28. A. balance B. degree C. position D. solution
29. A. figure out B. give away C. think over D. make up
30. A. aim B. smile C. wave D. shout
31. A. anger B. sorrow C. disappointment D. surprise
32. A. felt B. shown C. removed D. voiced
33. A. Carrying on B. Looking back C. Stepping aside D.Turning around
34. A. consume B. examine C. reflect D. rescue
35. A. unknown B. unpunished C. interested D. trapped
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考模拟预测）With nothing but her small boat for company,
British lawyer Victoria Evans succeeded in crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
The 35-year-old 1 4,740 kilometers in 40 days and 19 hours, 2 against high
winds, big waves and lack of sleep to 3 the fastest female solo (单人) row across the
Atlantic Ocean. Despite experiencing terrible 4 and extreme conditions along the way,
Evans 5 broke the previous world record by over eight days. “It was much 6 than
I expected,” she told CNN Sport, “I got probably the strongest wind and the adaptation you need
to keep going through was 7 .”
Evans had spent four years preparing for this 8 of a lifetime but nothing could have
readied her for the 9 of an ocean crossing. Even just before setting off, the trip was 10
by issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which forced the challenge to be 11 by a
year. As soon as the challenge was 12 , difficulties came on the heels — High winds made
rowing and sleeping extremely difficult, causing Evans to float off 13 at times. At onepoint she was even 14 outside of her cabin (舱) after a wave locked the 15 from
the inside. It took her three hours to open the 16 . Evans often unavoidably got sunburnt,
but she managed to 17 in extreme conditions.
“It’s a very 18 sport for me because you can’t get off when you’re there and you have
to 19 it. So it was so, so inviting,” said Evans, who was 20 to cross the Atlantic
after climbing Mont Blanc in 2017.
1．A．flew B．drove C．measured D．covered
2．A．avoiding B．battling C．facing D．surviving
3．A．aid B．match C．record D．meet
4．A．problems B．tricks C．successes D．surprises
5．A．casually B．magically C．naturally D．eventually
6．A．tougher B．stranger C．busier D．funnier
7．A．smooth B．huge C．surprising D．common
8．A．expectation B．destination C．journey D．discovery
9．A．wisdom B．discouragement C．reality D．flag
10．A．troubled B．destroyed C．guided D．monitored
11．A．motivated B．postponed C．accumulated D．shortened
12．A．halfway B．nearby C．overhead D．underway
13．A．bay B．port C．track D．island
14．A．stored B．stuck C．fixed D．discovered
15．A．drawer B．cupboard C．shelter D．door
16．A．lock B．chain C．wheel D．zipper
17．A．rescue B．escape C．lose D．recover
18．A．easy B．attractive C．mild D．basic
19．A．deal with B．break into C．take up D．come across
20．A．forced B．ordered C．inspired D．asked
（2023·四川成都·模拟预测）Almost eight years ago, Al Nixon decided to 41 each
day from a bench with a magnificent view of the St Petersburg, Florida, waterfront. “I call it ‘life
42 ’ because watching a sunrise makes me feel 43 before starting my day,” said
Nixon, who works for the city’s water department. He thought nothing of this habit, really. He just
44 it.
Then, one morning, a woman passing by 45 that she saw him every day. “Every
morning when I see you 46 here, I know that everything is going to be okay,” she said.
That 47 him. “That’s when I knew: I needed to 48 the people walking past,” he
said.
49 staring straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started 50 with people thatpassed by. A smile, a nod. A wave. 51 contact. Soon enough, people started sitting down to
52 . Sometimes they tell him about a problem they’re having and ask for 53 . Other
times he sits with them in 54 , just sharing space with someone who wants company. His
great gift is the ability to listen without judgment and 55 his heart to everyone. He’s now
called the ”Sunshine Mayor” of St. Petersburg.
The 56 that you have on the world is far greater than you ever know. Like that
woman who walked by Nixon eight years ago 57 still has no idea that she inspired him.
Because of her 58 Nixon has brought joy, peace, and 59 to hundreds of people.
I love stories like this, because they’re a 60 that not only can you be the Al Nixon in
the story. You can he the woman walking by.
41．A．receive B．begin C．escape D．separate
42．A．suffering B．turning C．rising D．going
43．A．lonely B．normal C．puzzled D．positive
44．A．enjoyed B．changed C．limited D．mixed
45．A．promised B．commented C．apologized D．understood
46．A．sitting B．lying C．standing D．settling
47．A．relaxed B．surprised C．scared D．annoyed
48．A．look forward toB．search for C．pay attention to D．get rid of
49．A．Apart from B．Instead of C．Thanks to D．As for
50．A．interacting B．complaining C．sticking D．practising
51．A．Hand B．Call C．Eye D．Letter
52．A．sleep B．chat C．write D．serve
53．A．presence B．promotion C．advice D．mercy
54．A．honor B．wonder C．preference D．silence
55．A．expose B．open C．describe D．face
56．A．impact B．stage C．courage D．wisdom
57．A．gradually B．fortunately C．frequently D．probably
58．A．compassion B．sacrifice C．compliment D．gratitude
59．A．calm B．mind C．possession D．access
60．A．review B．recall C．report D．reminder
