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专题 13 完形填空记叙文特点分析+高分策略
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 完形填空记叙文
【高考解密】
命题点01 动词（短语）和名词
命题点02 形容词和副词
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 动词词义和动词短语辨析易错点
05创新好题·分层练主题 考查类型
名词 介词
试卷 年份 体裁 (短语) 形容词 副
语境 内容 (短 (短
动词 (短语) 词
语) 语)
人与
全国乙卷 2023 记叙文 完善自我 12 3 5 1 0
自我人与
全国甲卷 2023 记叙文 人际交往 8 4 7 0 1
社会
新高考Ⅰ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 6 7 2 0 0
卷 社会
新高考Ⅱ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 7 3 4 1 0
卷 社会
人与
2022 说明文 人际关系 7 7 4 2 0
社会
人与
2021 夹叙夹议 人际交往 10 7 1 2 0
全国卷Ⅰ/ 社会
全国乙卷 人与
2020 夹叙夹议 完善自我 6 8 3 2 1
自我
人与
2019 记叙文 环境保护 8 7 4 1 0
自然
人与
2022 记叙文 人际交往 8 7 1 3 1
社会
人与
2021 记叙文 完善自我 10 5 4 1 0
全国卷Ⅱ/ 自我
全国甲卷 人与
2020 记叙文 文化遗产 11 4 3 2 0
社会
人与
2019 记叙文 人际关系 9 5 3 2 1
社会
人与
2020 记叙文 社会关系 8 3 6 1 2
社会
全国卷Ⅲ
人与
2019 夹叙夹议 人与环境 9 4 5 2 0
自然
考点 完形填空记叙文
命题点一 动词（短语）和名词
典例01【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】It just ___ 4 4___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,
who ___ 4 5___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___ 4 6___ Tiffy.
44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
解析：根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行
员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。
答案：C
45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
解析：根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带
到弗吉尼亚。
答案：B
46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
解析： 根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。
答案：D
典例02
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in
Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___ 4 1___ . They could not afford to pay for
___ 4 2___ for their dog, Tiffy, and ___ 4 3___ wanted to take her with them.
41. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection
解析：根据“They could not afford to pay for ___2___ for their dog, Tiffy,”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。
答案：B
42. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation
解析：根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___1___ .”及下文可知，这个家庭的
预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。
答案：D
43. A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally
解析：根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。
答案：A
典例03
（2022年全国甲卷完形填空） You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keepmy loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
41.【答案】 C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B.
membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。由上文的“For many years, I enjoyed living
with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. (多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗
狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C项。
42.【答案】 A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B.
expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his
hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“I began to fall for him (我开始爱
上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产
生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。
命题点二 形容词和副词
典例01
【2023 年全国甲卷】But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ___ 4 6___ because they were so
misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, ___ 4 7___ things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a
funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any ___ 4 8___ , we thought. But we were ___ 4 9___ his
kindness, so we ___ 5 0 tried ___ them.
46. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
解析：根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。
答案：A
47. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun
解析：根据前文“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和前文的“nice,
round”并列，结合选项，应是“shiny闪亮的”符合实际。
答案：C
48. A. more B. good C. new D. easy
解析：根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 4 6 because they were so
misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 4 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine wascloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一
家认为这些都不可能好。
答案：B
49. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in
解析：根据前文“It was 4 3 called Mario, coming to 4 4 us a box containing some
tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。
答案：B
典例02
7.【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】 She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping
everywhere from Paris to Singapore.It might sound like one long，expensive 42 (vacation) , but the couple
has an unusual way to make their travel 4 3 .
43. A.safe B.busy C.helpful D.affordable
【解析】43. D。safe安全的；busy繁忙的；helpful有帮助的；affordable负担得起的。由but可知，此处
与上文中的expensive(昂贵的)构成反义关系，也就是“便宜的”或“负担得起的”。故选D。
记叙文类完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式，它们有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为主，其他时态为
辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。做题时要注意以下几点：
解题要领 内容解读
抓住文章中心 中心思想有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想；如无题目，抓文
章开头结尾，尤其是议论抒情的语句，也可抓住文章的中心。
明确叙述角度 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
理清写作顺序 记叙文的写作顺序有：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙，理清写作顺序有助于了解事情
发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
明确写作要素 弄清记叙文的6要素(5W1H)，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原
因(why)、结果(how)，抓住这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
洞悉写作目的 写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
考向一 动词（短语）和名词
1.（2023年吉林省东北师大附中、长春一中等5所重点高中联考）Alone in a new city to 42 my first
daily newspaper job, I was feeling vaguely anxious as I dipped into a used bookstore to 4 3 .relieve my mind.
42．A．stop B．lose C．keep D．take
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自一人来到一个陌生的城市，开始了我的第一份日报工作，当我
走进一家旧书店来放松心情时，我隐约感到焦虑。A. stop停止； B. lose失去； C. keep保持； D. take从
事。根据“my first daily newspaper job”可知，作者独自到新城市开始自己的第一份工作。故选D。
2.（2023年四川省成都七中高三检测试题）People may misunderstand what they used to be familiar with. I
remember a 41 professor, invited to our school, taught stress management principles in a school hall
42 . filled with students.
41．A．physics B．chemistry C．literature D．psychology
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得我们学校邀请了一位心理学教授，在一个坐满学生的礼堂里教
授压力管理原则。A. physics物理；B. chemistry化学；C. literature文学；D. psychology心理学。根据下文
“taught stress management principles”可知，这位教授教压力管理原则，所以应该是心理学教授。故选D。
考向二 形容词和副词
1.（2023年湖北省高三年级5月联考英语试题）Yet the range of factors shaping each generation is much
53
than it once was.
53．A．smaller B．fuller C．shorter D．broader
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，影响每一代人的因素范围比以前广泛得多。A. smaller较小
的；B. fuller更丰满的；C. shorter更短的；D. broader更广泛的。根据上文“Yet the range of factors”可知，此处指影响每一代人的因素范围比以前广泛得多。故选D。
2.（2023年浙江省杭州市高三试题）Their young son was 4 2 .fascinated by the swallow and asked many
questions about it. As the family was leaving, I asked the boy if he would like a sticker to put on his shirt. He
4 3 chose a swallow sticker.
A. quickly B.slowly C.deliberately D.casually
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他快速选了一个燕子贴纸。A. quickly快速地；B. slowly缓慢地；C.
deliberately故意地；D. casually随意地。根据上文“As the family was leaving”以及“Their young son was
fascinated by the swallow(他们的小儿子对燕子着迷)”可知，在这一家人快要离开时他们的小儿子快速地选
择了自己着迷的燕子贴纸。故选A。
微专题 动词词义和动词短语辨析易错点
1. （2022年全国甲卷）While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lover, I worried45. that three dogs were
perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack Flora 46. , the cat.
44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
【答案】D
【错误分析】形容词词语记忆不牢。上下文不能合理推断。
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，
我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。unsatisfied不满意的；amused愉快的；terrified害怕的；thrilled非常开心的。
由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两
只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选D项。
2.（ 2023届高三衡水一测）After waiting for a few more minutes, in which I showed all signs of being
impatient, I asked him if my work was done. Immediately I uttered the words, I felt as if a bombshell had fallen on
him. He ____26___, “ Nothing is done. It will ____27____ time.26 A. answered B. whispered C. shouted D. responded
27.A. save B. take C. waste D. spend
26.【答案】 C
【错误分析】未注重设题位置，没有对前文的暗示词 immediately, as if a bombshell引起思考，同时对空
格下句没有进行逻辑意义的分析。
【解题思路】根据后文“time!”可知，工作人员情绪激动，叫喊着回答作者，故选shouted。
【关键技能】 仔细寻找上下文的暗示线索，合理推断。
27.【答案】 B
【错误分析】 忽略动词词义和用法的辨析。spend的主语为sb. , take作“花费”讲，主语为物。
【解题思路】根据后文“time!”可知，工作需要时间，“花费时间”短语为take time, 故选B。
完形填空
（2023 上·河北保定·高三河北省唐县第一中学校考期末）David hoped to be a teacher when he was
young. “The minute I walked into my university, I knew 1 what I wanted to be,” he says. “The teachers
were so 2 and welcome.”
As an education major, he was excited to learn his classroom 3 would begin during his second year
of his university. “That was very important to me because I didn’t want to 4 until I was a student teacher
to get into a classroom,” he says. David was also 5 by his university’s short-term study abroad program
and the opportunities it offers to students to be adaptable to the university.
David quickly adapted himself to the university. He was 6 freshman class president and joined
many organizations, all about children education. He also held several campus 7 , took on several
leadership positions and was accepted into a leadership development program. “These 8 allowed me to
learn things outside the classroom. I built my 9 in leadership and teamwork,” says David. “These are real
life experiences that I can 10 to the classroom.”
By the end of the second year of his university, David had 11 two practicums (实习课) at
elementary schools, including a special education internship (实习) focused on students with reading 12
. He went on to finish two 13 practicums and a student teaching task over the next two years.Two months before graduation, David was 14 a full-time position as a special education teacher
at Millstone River Elementary School in the West Windsor—the same school where he completed his junior
practicum in spring 2017. “It is such a relief to be hired so early. I feel all my hard work 15 ,” he says.
1．A．regularly B．exactly C．widely D．randomly
2．A．clever B．proud C．warm D．mean
3．A．playing B．building C．disciplines D．experiences
4．A．run B．wait C．study D．respond
5．A．bored B．frightened C．attracted D．confused
6．A．voted B．allowed C．sent D．left
7．A．libraries B．tasks C．jobs D．posters
8．A．failures B．performances C．requests D．activities
9．A．skills B．tips C．right D．body
10．A．return B．bring C．throw D．award
11．A．chosen B．forgotten C．refused D．completed
12．A．disorders B．preferences C．abilities D．habits
13．A．easy B．expensive C．additional D．strange
14．A．passed B．offered C．showed D．served
15．A．paid off B．went wrong C．fell apart D．broke down
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B
11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是David自幼就想当老师，在进入大学的那一刹那，这个决定更
加明晰了，为此他付出了很多努力，最终成为了一名小学特教教师。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“当我走进大学的那一刻，我确切地知道自己想成为什么样的人，”他说。
A. regularly定期地，通常；B. exactly确切地；C. widely广泛地；D. randomly随机地。根据语境和上文中
的“David hoped to be a teacher when he was young.”可知，David从下就想成为一名老师，所以此处应指的
是他“确切地”知道自己想成为什么样的人。故选B项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老师们都很热情好客。A. clever聪明的；B. proud自豪的；C. warm热情
的；D. mean吝啬的。根据下文中的“and welcome.”可知，此处与welcome为并列关系，所以此处应指的
是“热情的”符合语境。故选C项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名教育专业的学生，他很兴奋地得知自己的课堂体验将从大学二年级开始。A. playing（演奏等的）表现，风格；B. building建筑物；C. disciplines纪律；D. experiences经历。
根据下文中的““That was very important to me because I didn’t want to ____4____ until I was a student teacher
to get into a classroom,” he says.”可知，David说，那对他来说很重要，因为他不想作为一名实习老师才进入
教室，由此可推断，此处指的是课堂“体验”从大二开始，符合语境。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说:“这对我来说非常重要，因为我不想等到我成为一名实习教师后才进入
教室。”A. run跑；B. wait等待；C. study研究；D. respond回应。根据语境以及下文中的“until I was a
student teacher to get into a classroom”可知，David想要尽早进入教室体验课堂，所以他不想“等”到成为实
习教师才进入教室。故选B项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：David也被学校的短期海外学习项目和它为学生提供的适应大学的机会所
吸引。A. bored厌烦的；B. frightened害怕的；C. attracted吸引人的；D. confused迷惑的。根据上文中的
“As an education major, he was excited to learn his classroom ____3____ would begin during his second year of
his university.”可知，David知道在大二就可以体验课堂感到很兴奋，结合前的also可知，此处应是被“吸
引”符合语境。故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被选为大一新生主席，参加了许多关于儿童教育的组织。A. voted选举；
B. allowed允许；C. sent发送；D. left离开。根据下文中的“and joined many organizations, all about children
education.”可知，David加入很多都是关于儿童教育的组织，由此可推断，此处指的是他被“选举”为大一
新生主席，参加很多组织，符合语境。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还担任过几份校园工作，担任过几个领导职务，并被一个领导发展项目
录取。A. libraries图书馆；B. tasks任务；C. jobs工作；D. posters海报。根据下文中的“took on several
leadership positions and was accepted into a leadership development program.”可知，David担任很多领导职务，
还被一个领导发展项目录用，由此可知，此处表示他担任几份校园“工作”符合语境。故选C项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这些活动让我学到课堂之外的东西。我培养了自己的领导能力和团队合
作能力，” David说。A. failures失败；B. performances表现；C. requests要求；D. activities活动。根据上
文中的“He was ____6____ freshman class president and joined many organizations, all about children education.
He also held several campus ____7____ , took on several leadership positions and was accepted into a leadership
development program.”可知，David被选为班长，参加很多组织，担任学校的很多工作，担任几项领导职务
等，由此可知，此处指的是他所参加的这些“活动”符合语境。故选D项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这些活动让我学到课堂之外的东西。我培养了自己的领导能力和团队合
作能力，” David说。A. skills技能；B. tips技巧；C. right权力；D. body身体。根据常识和下文中的“in
leadership and teamwork”可知，此处指的是David参加的这些活动提高了他在领导方面的“技能”符合语境。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些都是我可以带到课堂上的真实生活经历。A. return归还；B. bring带入；
C. throw抛，投；D. award授予。根据常识和上文中的“These are real life experiences”可知，这些真实的经
历可以“带入”课堂，提升他的教学能力。故选B项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学二年级结束时，David已经在小学完成了两项实习，其中一项是针
对有阅读障碍的学生的特殊教育实习。A. chosen选择；B. forgotten忘记；C. refused拒绝；D. completed完
成。根据下文中的“He went on to finish two ____13____ practicums and a student teaching task over the next
two years.”可知，David继续完成两项实习课程，由此可知，此处指的是在大二末期已经“完成”两项实习
课程。选D项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大学二年级结束时，大卫已经在小学完成了两项实习，其中一项是针对
有阅读障碍的学生的特殊教育实习。A. disorders混乱，障碍；B. preferences偏好；C. abilities能力；D.
habits习惯。根据常识和上文中的“including a special education internship (实习)”可知，在David的实习中
包含一项特殊的教育实习，由此可推断，这些学生应该是有阅读“障碍”符合语境。故选A项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，他又完成了两次额外实习和一项学生教学任务。A.
easy容易的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. additional额外的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文中的“By the end of
the second year of his university, David had ____11____ two practicums (实习课) at elementary schools”可知，
David在大二学期末时已经完成了两项实习课程，由此可推断，此处指的是他又完成了“额外的”两项实
习课程，符合语境。故选C项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业前两个月，大卫在西温莎的米尔斯顿河小学找到了一份全职的特殊教
育老师的工作，2017年春天，他在这所学校完成了初级实习。A. passed传递；B. offered提供；C. showed
展示；D. served服务。根据上文中的““It is such a relief to be hired so early. I feel all my hard work
____15____ ,” he says.”可知，David很高兴自己这么快被雇佣，由此可知，此处指的是给他“提供”了一
份工作。故选B项。
15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这么早就被录用真是松了口气。我觉得我所有的努力都得到了回报。
A. paid off还清，得到回报；B. went wrong出问题；C. fell apart倒塌；D. broke down累垮。根据上文中的
“Two months before graduation, David was ____14____ a full-time position as a special education teacher at
Millstone River Elementary School in the West Windsor”以及首段中的“David hoped to be a teacher when he
was young.”可知，David年轻时就想成为一名教师，而在他毕业前的两个月，他就被提供了一份全职工作，
由此可知，此处指的是David觉得自己所有的努力“得到回报”符合语境。故选A项。
（2024上·黑龙江绥化·高三校考期末）I was in the back seat of a yellow taxi grabbing my mother’s handlike a 5-year-old. But in fact, I was 28 years old, still 16 , and hoping my mom would make it all right.
We were coming home from the 17 , and I was in a full-body brace, having survived spinal (脊柱的)
surgery exactly a week earlier and headed to my tiny apartment in San Francisco. Each time the taxi 18
over the steep hills, I felt as if my bones were 19 . I doubted that I would get hurt again during the
journey.
I was about to open my mouth to shout at the driver or at least 20 , when my mom leaned forward
and said cheerfully, “Thank you!” The driver glanced at us 21 from his mirror. “You’re just the best
driver I’ve ever seen,” my mom continued. “These hills must be so 22 to drive on. And I am so 23
. My daughter had surgery on her back and is so 24 . Because of you, she’s going to get home safe. Thank
you. You’re wonderful.”
In the mirror, I could see the driver 25 proudly. I felt a flash of 26 , but before I had a
chance to 27 my mother’s words, a miracle happened. The driver slowed down. He stretched his neck
left and right to 28 a smooth ride before making each turn. Indeed, he drove us home like the best driver
I’d ever seen.
In that moment of 29 , what my wise mom had instinctively done was only obvious to me: 30
is powerful.
16．A．scared B．tired C．upset D．confused
17．A．shelter B．hospital C．college D．countryside
18．A．bounced B．blocked C．interrupted D．trapped
19．A．out of shape B．out of reach C．out of control D．out of place
20．A．whisper B．explain C．warn D．complain
21．A．especially B．doubtfully C．properly D．personally
22．A．interesting B．hard C．easy D．familiar
23．A．grateful B．hopeful C．great D．guilty
24．A．proud B．patient C．weak D．soft
25．A．shaking B．smiling C．joking D．applauding
26．A．embarrassmentB．pity C．satisfaction D．anger
27．A．receive B．forgive C．contradict D．recognize
28．A．expect B．experience C．delay D．ensure
29．A．crisis B．account C．guidance D．recognition
30．A．Praise B．Love C．Trust D．Communication【答案】16．A 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．D 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．C
25．B 26．D 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．A
【导语】本文一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者刚做完手术从医院乘坐出租车回家，当时出租车很颠簸，
作者害怕自己再次受伤，对司机感到很不满，但是作者的母亲却对司机进行赞扬，结果司机改变了驾驶行
为，由此作者感慨到：赞扬的力量强大。
16． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但事实上，我28岁了，仍然很害怕，希望我母亲能使一切都好起来。
A. scared恐惧的；B. tired疲倦的；C. upset难过的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“I was in the back seat of
a yellow taxi grabbing my mother’s hand like a 5-year-old(我坐在一辆黄色出租车的后座上，像个5岁的孩子
一样抓住母亲的手)”以及“I was 28 years old(我28岁了)”可知，28岁的作者坐在出租车上，像个5岁的孩
子一样紧握着母亲的手，由此可推出，作者当时像个孩子一样感到恐惧，故选A项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们刚从医院回家，我戴着一个全身支架，一周前从脊柱手术中幸存下来，
前往我在旧金山的小公寓。A. shelter避难所；B. hospital医院；C. college大学；D. countryside乡村。根据
下文“I was in a full-body brace, having survived spinal (脊柱的) surgery exactly a week earlier(我戴着一个全身
支架，一周前从脊柱手术中幸存下来)”可知，作者从医院出院要回家，故选B项。
18． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次出租车在陡峭的山丘上颠簸时，我都觉得自己的骨头错位了。A.
bounced颠簸；B. blocked堵塞；C. interrupted打断；D. trapped使陷入困境。根据下文“I doubted that I
would get hurt again during the journey(我怀疑在旅途中我会再次受伤)”可知，作者当时坐在出租车里，怕自
己因为颠簸再次受伤，故选A项。
19． 考查介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. out of shape变形；B. out of reach够不着；C. out of control失去
控制；D. out of place位置不当；错位。根据上文“Each time the taxi bounced over the steep hills, I felt as if
my bones were(每次出租车在陡峭的山丘上颠簸时，我都觉得自己的骨头好像……)”以及下文“I doubted
that I would get hurt again during the journey(我怀疑在旅途中我会再次受伤)”可知，出租车颠簸，作者害怕骨
头错位再次受伤，即骨头错位，故选D项。
20． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正要张开嘴对司机大喊大叫，或者至少抱怨一下，这时我母亲探出头
来，爽朗地说：“谢谢！”A. whisper低语；B. explain解释；C. warn警告；D. complain抱怨。根据上文
“I doubted that I would get hurt again during the journey(我怀疑在旅途中我会再次受伤)”以及“I was about to
open my mouth to shout at the driver or at least(我正要张开嘴对司机大喊大叫，或者至少……)”可知，出租车
很颠簸，作者害怕自己再次受伤，由此可知，作者对出租车的驾驶行为不满，打算抱怨，故选D项。21． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：司机从镜子里怀疑地瞥了我们一眼。A. especially尤其；特别；B.
doubtfully怀疑地；C. properly适当地；D. personally亲自地。根据上文“I was about to open my mouth to
shout at the driver or at least(我正要张开嘴对司机大喊大叫，或者至少……)”以及下文“You’re just the best
driver I’ve ever seen(你是我见过的最好的司机)”可知，作者和母亲对出租车司机的态度相反，由此可知，司
机用怀疑的眼神看着他们，故选B项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这些山上开车一定很难。A. interesting有趣的；B. hard难的；C. easy
容易的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文“These hills(这些山)”以及下文“to drive on(在上面开车)”以及结合
上文母亲赞美司机车技好可知，母亲说“在山上开车一定很难”，换言之，母亲在赞美司机车技好，故选
B项。
23． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. great伟大的；
D. guilty内疚的。根据下文“Because of you, she’s going to get home safe.( 因为你，她得以安全回家)”可推
理出，作者的母亲对司机从语言上表示感激，故选A项。
24． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我女儿背部做了手术，身体很虚弱。A.proud骄傲的；B. patient耐心的；
C. weak虚弱的；D. soft柔软的。根据上文“My daughter had surgery on her back(我女儿背部做了手术)”可
知，作者背部做了手术，所以目前身体虚弱，故选C项。
25． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在镜子里，我可以看到司机骄傲地微笑着。A. shaking摇晃；B. smiling微
笑；C. joking开玩笑；D. applauding鼓掌。根据上文“Because of you, she’s going to get home safe. Thank
you. You’re wonderful.(因为你，她得以安全回家。非常感谢。你太棒了)”可知，作者的母亲对司机表达了感
激，所以司机感到高兴，回报以微笑，故选B项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到一阵愤怒，但还没来得及反驳母亲的话，奇迹就发生了。
A.embarrassment尴尬；B. pity同情；C. satisfaction满足；D. anger愤怒。根据上文“I was about to open my
mouth to shout at the driver(我正要张开嘴对司机大喊大叫)”以及“In the mirror, I could see the driver smiling
proudly(在镜子里，我可以看到司机骄傲地微笑)”可知，作者本来就对司机的驾驶行为不满，再看到司机骄
傲地笑，可推理出作者对此感到愤怒，故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. receive收到；B. forgive原谅；C. contradict反驳；D. recognize认
出。根据上文“Because of you, she’s going to get home safe. Thank you. You’re wonderful.(因为你，她得以安
全回家。非常感谢。你太棒了)”以及“I felt a flash of anger(我感到一阵愤怒)”可知，作者并不认可母亲的话，
打算说些什么进行反驳，故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把脖子伸向左边再伸向右边，以确保每次转弯都能顺利行驶。A. expect
期望；B. experience经历；C. delay拖延；D. ensure确保。根据上文“He stretched his neck left and rightto(他把脖子伸向左边再伸向右边)”以及下文“a smooth ride(顺利行驶)”可知，司机把脖子伸向左边再伸向右
边是为了确保顺利行驶，故选D项。
29． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个危机时刻，我聪明的母亲本能地做的事对我来说是显而易见的：
赞美是强大的。A. crisis危机；B. account账户；C. guidance指导；D. recognition认出。根据上文“I was in
a full-body brace, having survived spinal (脊柱的) surgery exactly a week earlier and headed to my tiny apartment
in San Francisco. Each time the taxi bounced over the steep hills, I felt as if my bones were out of place . I doubted
that I would get hurt again during the journey.( 一周前，我从脊柱手术中幸存下来，当时我戴着全身支架，前
往我在旧金山的小公寓。每次出租车在陡峭的山丘上颠簸时，我都觉得自己的骨头好像错位了。我怀疑在
旅途中我会再次受伤)”可知，作者手术刚结束，出租车司机的颠簸让作者感受到危机，担心自己再次受伤，
由此可知，作者认为这是那是危机，故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. Praise赞美；B. Love爱；C. Trust信任；D. Communication交流。
根据上文“Because of you, she’s going to get home safe. Thank you. You’re wonderful.(因为你，她得以安全回
家。非常感谢。你太棒了)”以及“a miracle happened. The driver slowed down. He stretched his neck left and
right to ensure a smooth ride before making each turn. Indeed, he drove us home like the best driver I’d ever seen.
(奇迹发生了。司机放慢了车速。他把脖子伸向左边再伸向右边，以确保每次转弯前都能顺利行驶。事实上，
他像我见过的最好的司机一样开车送我们回家)”可知，在作者母亲的赞美之下，司机改变了驾驶行为，作
者感慨赞美的力量的强大，故选A项。
（2023上·山东潍坊·高三校考期末）Patrick, Scheels store’s fishing manager, always helps customers with
their angling (垂钓) needs, but one 31 stood out.
One day, a young boy named Xander entered the store with his mother, Brynn. Patrick noticed his eye were
filled with 32 about the world of fishing. For nearly half an hour, they 33 their shared passion.
Brynn shared the 34 of Xander’s connection to angling, explaining, “My dad, a fisherman, passed
away last year, but Xander never got to go fishing with him. So over the last year, he’s been 35 grandpa,
wishing he could go fishing with him.”
36 by Xander’s longing for a connection to his late grandfather, Patrick decided to take action and
37 Xander his first fishing pole. “It was sixty dollars and he bought it with his own money,” Xander said. This
38 gesture brought tears to Brynn’s eyes, and she acknowleged that such acts of kindness aren’t 39 .
However, Patrick’s generosity didn’t 40 here. The 22-year-old fishing enthusiast went a step further by
41 a memorable fishing trip for Xander and his family. To 42 that Xander had an enriching experience,
two professional anglers from Scheels 43 him on the trip, offering guidance and teaching him valuableskills.
Patrick’s kindness was 44 a breath of fresh air for Xander and his family, who described the fishing
trip as a once-in-a-lifetime 45 . “I felt like it was my due diligence to pass on the good word of fishing,”
Patrick said.
31．A．argument B．journey C．adventure D．encounter
32．A．curiosity B．nervousness C．concern D．regret
33．A．debated over B．bonded over C．stuck to D．turned to
34．A．wisdom B．evidence C．significance D．definition
35．A．missing B．blaming C．admiring D．persuading
36．A．Annoyed B．Touched C．Amused D．Surprised
37．A．gifted B．lent C．showed D．made
38．A．ambitious B．strange C．genuine D．urgent
39．A．practical B．avoidable C．secure D．common
40．A．root B．stop C．appear D．reach
41．A．recording B．postponing C．organizing D．canceling
42．A．reveal B．stress C．prove D．ensure
43．A．accompanied B．monitored C．assessed D．sponsored
44．A．possibly B．initially C．truly D．mainly
45．A．deal B．experience C．task D．performance
【答案】31．D 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．B 37．A 38．C 39．D
40．B 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。帕特里克是谢尔斯商店的钓鱼经理，他遇到了因为思念去世的爷爷而对钓鱼充
满热情的赞德，帕特里克被赞德对爷爷的思念感动了，他把自己的第一根鱼竿送给了赞德，并为赞德和他
的家人组织了一次难忘的钓鱼之旅，这让赞德和他的家人充满了感激。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕特里克是谢尔斯商店的钓鱼经理，他总是帮助顾客满足他们的钓鱼需求，
但有一次遇到了特别的问题。A. argument争论；B. journey旅行；C. adventure冒险；D. encounter邂逅，偶
遇。根据后文“One day, a young boy named Xander entered the store with his mother, Brynn.(一天，一个名叫
桑德的小男孩和他的母亲布琳一起走进了商店。)”可知，此处是指一次邂逅非常特别。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕特里克注意到他的眼睛里充满了对钓鱼世界的好奇。A. curiosity好奇；
B. nervousness紧张；C. concern担忧；D. regret遗憾。根据后文“their shared passion(他们共同的热情)”可知，此处是指他的眼睛里充满了对钓鱼世界的好奇。故选A。
33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在将近半个小时的时间里，他们因为共同的激情拉近了距离。A. debated
over对于……争论；B. bonded over因共同经历或兴趣建立联系；C. stuck to坚持；D. turned to向某人求助。
根据“their shared passion”可知，此处是指因为共同的激情拉近了距离。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：布林分享了赞德与钓鱼的联系的意义，她解释说：“我的父亲是一名渔民，
去年去世了，但赞德从来没有和他一起去钓鱼。所以在过去的一年里，他一直很想念爷爷，希望能和他一
起去钓鱼。”A. wisdom智慧；B. evidence证据；C. significance意义；D. definition定义。根据“My dad, a
fisherman, passed away last year, but Xander never got to go fishing with him.”可知，此处是指赞德与钓鱼的联
系的意义。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：布林分享了赞德与钓鱼的联系的意义，她解释说：“我的父亲是一名渔民，
去年去世了，但赞德从来没有和他一起去钓鱼。所以在过去的一年里，他一直很想念爷爷，希望能和他一
起去钓鱼。”A. missing思念；B. blaming责备；C. admiring钦佩；D. persuading劝说。根据“wishing he
could go fishing with him”和“My dad, a fisherman, passed away last year, but Xander never got to go fishing
with him”可知，此处是指他一直很想念爷爷。故选A。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被赞德渴望与已故祖父建立联系的愿望所感动，帕特里克决定采取行动，
并将他的第一根鱼竿送给了赞德。A. Annoyed恼怒的；B. Touched感动的；C. Amused愉悦的；D.
Surprised惊讶的。根据“by Xander’s longing for a connection to his late grandfather”和“Patrick decided to
take action”可知，此处是指被赞德渴望与已故祖父建立联系的愿望所感动。故选B。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被赞德渴望与已故祖父建立联系的愿望所感动，帕特里克决定采取行动，
并将他的第一根鱼竿送给了赞德。A. gifted赠送；B. lent借给；C. showed展现；D. made制作。根据后文
“Patrick’s generosity(帕特里克的慷慨)”可知，此处是指将他的第一根鱼竿送给了赞德。故选A。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个真诚的举动让布琳热泪盈眶，她承认这样的善举并不常见。A.
ambitious野心勃勃的；B. strange奇怪的；C. genuine真诚的；D. urgent紧急的。根据“brought tears to
Brynn’s eyes”可知，此处是指这个真诚的举动。故选C。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个真诚的举动让布琳热泪盈眶，她承认这样的善举并不常见。A.
practical实际的；B. avoidable可避免的；C. secure安全的；D. common常见的。根据“she acknowleged that
such acts of kindness”可知，此处是指她承认这样的善举并不常见。故选D。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，帕特里克的慷慨并不止于此。A. root生根；B. stop停止；C. appear
出现；D. reach到达。根据后文“The 22-year-old fishing enthusiast went a step further(这位22岁的钓鱼爱好
者更进一步)”可知，此处是指帕特里克的慷慨并不止于此。故选B。41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位22岁的钓鱼爱好者更进一步，为赞德和他的家人组织了一次难忘的钓
鱼之旅。A. recording记录；B. postponing推迟；C. organizing组织；D. canceling取消。根据“a memorable
fishing trip for Xander and his family”可知，此处是指为赞德和他的家人组织了一次难忘的钓鱼之旅。故选
C。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确保赞德有一个丰富的体验，两名来自Scheels的专业垂钓者陪同他
一起旅行，提供指导并教他宝贵的技能。A. reveal揭露；B. stress强调；C. prove证明；D. ensure确保。根
据“that Xander had an enriching experience”和“offering guidance and teaching him valuable skills”可知，此处
是指为了确保赞德有一个丰富的体验。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确保赞德有一个丰富的体验，两名来自Scheels的专业垂钓者陪同他
一起旅行，提供指导并教他宝贵的技能。A. accompanied陪伴；B. monitored监控；C. assessed评估；D.
sponsored赞助。根据“offering guidance and teaching him valuable skills”可知，此处是指两名专业垂钓者陪
同他一起旅行。故选A。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：帕特里克的好意对赞德和他的家人来说真的是一股清新的空气，他们把这
次钓鱼之旅描述为一生一次的经历。A. possibly可能地；B. initially起初；C. truly真正地，完全地；D.
mainly主要地。根据“who described the fishing trip as a once-in-a-lifetime”可知，此处是指帕特里克的好意
对赞德和他的家人来说真的是一股清新的空气。故选C。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕特里克的好意对赞德和他的家人来说真的是一股清新的空气，他们把这
次钓鱼之旅描述为一生一次的经历。A. deal交易；B. experience经历；C. task任务；D. performance表演。
根据“who described the fishing trip as a once-in-a-lifetime”可知，此处是指他们把这次钓鱼之旅描述为一生
一次的经历。故选B。
（2023上·河北·高三石家庄一中实验学校校联考期末）When I first visited Mexico, I spoke Spanish well.
So when I 46 an ice-cream in a shop, and the local seller said “ahorita,” which directly translates to
“right now,” I smiled and waited nearby, believing that its arrival was 47 .
Half an hour passed and still no ice-cream arrived, so I asked again about it. “Ahorita,” he 48 again
and his face was a mix of confusion and 49 .
I was 50 . Waiting longer wasn’t pleasant, but it was impolite to walk away if the ice-cream was now
being delivered just for me. But finally, after waiting too long, I made a rush for the nearest bus to take me home.
51 , it really wasn’t my fault. As I left, I 52 at my wrist and shrugged to the ice-cream seller, leaving
him in 53 confusion.
This experience 54 in my memory until years later when I came back to live in Mexico. Idiscovered that understanding “ahorita” took not a 55 in the language, but rather a fluency in the
56 . When someone from Mexico says “ahorita,” it should almost never be taken literally (照字面地); its
meaning 57 greatly with context. As a linguist 58 , “Ahorita could mean tomorrow, in an
hour, within five years or never.” It is even used as a(n) 59 way of saying “no, thanks” when refusing
a(n) 60 .
46．A．selected B．ordered C．picked D．bought
47．A．certain B．regular C．scheduled D．immediate
48．A．responded B．lied C．refused D．exclaimed
49．A．relief B．comfort C．panic D．embarrassment
50．A．torn B．ashamed C．doubtful D．sure
51．A．Hopefully B．Luckily C．Obviously D．Thankfully
52．A．stared B．signaled C．shouted D．aimed
53．A．total B．modest C．unexpected D．amazing
54．A．remained B．faded C．shone D．appeared
55．A．time B．history C．manners D．fluency
56．A．habit B．shopping C．culture D．time
57．A．varies B．grows C．extends D．stays
58．A．questions B．expects C．outlines D．illustrates
59．A．polite B．funny C．amazing D．popular
60．A．application B．design C．offer D．request
【答案】46．B 47．D 48．A 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．B
55．D 56．C 57．A 58．D 59．A 60．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者在西班牙时，因对西班牙语的理解不同而造成误解的
经历。
46．1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我在一家商店点冰淇淋时，当地的小贩说“ahorita”，直接翻
译过来就是“马上”，我微笑着在旁边等着，相信冰淇淋马上就会来。A. selected挑选；B. ordered点餐；
C. picked捡；D. bought买。根据下文中的“and the local seller said “ahorita,” which directly translates to “right
now,””可知，卖家说“马上”，由此可推测，此处应是作者“点”了一份冰淇淋。故选B项。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我在一家商店点冰淇淋时，当地的小贩说“ahorita”，直接翻译
过来就是“马上”，我微笑着在旁边等着，相信冰淇淋马上就会来。A. certain确定的；B. regular定期的；C. scheduled按计划的；D. immediate立即的，马上。根据上文中的“the local seller said “ahorita,” which
directly translates to “right now,””可知，作者理解的意思是“马上”就好，所以作者在微笑着等待着，认为
冰淇淋“马上”就到。故选D项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“ahorita，”他又回答了一遍，脸上混杂着困惑和尴尬。A. responded回答；
B. lied说谎；C. refused拒绝；D. exclaimed大喊。根据上文中的“so I asked again about it.”可知，作者再次
询问时，卖家应是再次使用“ahorita”来“回答”作者的问话。故选A项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“ahorita，”他又回答了一遍，脸上混杂着困惑和尴尬。A. relief欣慰；B.
comfort安慰；C. panic惊恐；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据语境和上文中的“his face was a mix of
confusion”可知，此处与“困惑”并列，结合语境，半小时过去了，作者再次询问冰淇淋的时候，在回答
“ahorita”的同时，脸上应是混杂着困惑与“尴尬”符合语境。故选D项。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很纠结。A. torn纠结的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D.
sure确信的。根据下文中的“Waiting longer wasn’t pleasant, but it was impolite to walk away if the ice-cream
was now being delivered just for me.”可知，作者觉得再等下去是不愉快的事情，不等显得有些不礼貌，由此
可知，作者很“纠结”。故选A项。
51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，这真的不是我的错。A. Hopefully满怀希望地；B. Luckily幸运地；
C. Obviously显而易见地；D. Thankfully感激地。根据上文中的“But finally, after waiting too long, I made a
rush for the nearest bus to take me home.”可知，最后，作者等了太久了，冲向了自己回家最近的公交车，这
不是他的错，由此可知，此处作者指的是“显而易见”不是他的错。故选C项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我离开时，我向卖冰淇淋的人做了个手势，耸了耸肩，让他完全困惑。
A. stared凝视；B. signaled示意；C. shouted大喊；D. aimed旨在。根据下文中的“at my wrist and shrugged
to the ice-cream seller”可知，作者对着卖家耸了耸肩，由此可推断，此处指的是作者用肢体语言卖家交流，
所以此处应是用手势“示意”卖家，符合语境。故选B项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我离开时，我向卖冰淇淋的人做了个手势，耸了耸肩，让他完全困惑。
A. total完全的；B. modest谦虚的；C. unexpected出乎意料的；D. amazing惊奇的。根据上文中的“and his
face was a mix of confusion and ____4____ .”可知，作者在这之前问过一次冰淇淋的事情，此处有使用肢体
语言向卖家做了个手势，由此可推断，此时的卖家应该是“完全”困惑，符合语境。故选A项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段经历在我的记忆中逐渐淡去，直到多年后我回到墨西哥生活。A.
remained仍然；B. faded逐渐消失；C. shone闪光；D. appeared出现。根据常识和下文中的“until years
later when I came back to live in Mexico.”可知，经过多少年后，这段经历应该是“逐渐消失”符合语境。故
选B项。55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现理解“ahorita”并不需要流利的语言，而是需要流利的文化。A. time
时间；B. history历史；C. manners礼貌；D. fluency流利。根据语境和下文中的“but rather a fluency in the
____11____ .”可知，上下文为并列关系，此处指的是作者发现理解“ahorita”不需要语言的“流利”，此处
为词汇复现。故选D项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现理解“ahorita”并不需要流利的语言，而是需要流利的文化。A. habit
习惯；B. shopping购物；C. culture文化；D. time时期。根据常识和上文中的“I discovered that
understanding “ahorita” took not a ____10____ in the language”可知，作者发现理解“ahorita”不需要语言的
“流利”，结合but可知，此空与上文内容对应，“语言”对应的是“文化”，结合下文中的“When
someone from Mexico says “ahorita,” it should almost never be taken literally (照字面地); its meaning
____12____ greatly with context.”可知， 当地人在说“ahorita”时，绝不是照字面意思理解，而是通过语境
理解，所以这是一种语言“文化”的影响让作者产生了误解。故选C项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当墨西哥人说“ahorita”时，几乎不应该从字面上理解；它的意思因上下文
而异。A. varies改变；B. grows成长；C. extends延伸；D. stays逗留。根据下文中的“greatly with context.”
可知，“ahorita”的意思会随着语境不同而不断地“改变”符合语境。故选A项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如一位语言学家所解释的那样，“Ahorita可能意味着明天、一小时后、
五年内或永远不会。”A. questions问询；B. expects期望；C. outlines概述；D. illustrates说明，阐述。根据
下文中的“Ahorita could mean tomorrow, in an hour, within five years or never.”可知，“ahorita”的意思可能是
明天，一个小时，五年内甚至是永远都不会，由此可知，此处是语言学家做出的“解释”符合语境。故选
D项。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在拒绝别人的好意时，它甚至被用来礼貌地说“不，谢谢”。A. polite
礼貌的；B. funny滑稽可笑的；C. amazing惊奇的；D. popular受欢迎的。根据语境和下文中的“saying
“no, thanks” when refusing a(n) ____15____ .”可知，此处指的是在拒绝别人时说“不，谢谢”，由此可知，
此处指的是“ahorita”甚至可以用来表达拒绝别人时的一种“礼貌的”方式。故选A项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在拒绝别人的提议时，它甚至被用来礼貌地说“不，谢谢”。A.
application申请；B. design设计；C. offer提议；D. request请求。根据常识和上文中的“It is even used as
a(n) ____14____ way of saying “no, thanks” when refusing…”可知，“ahorita”甚至可以用来表达拒绝别人时
的一种礼貌用语，由此可知，你可以使用“ahorita”这种礼貌的方式去拒绝别人的“建议”，refuse an offer
意为“拒绝好意”符合语境。故选C项。
