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专题 16 阅读表达（北京、天津专用）
2019-2023年高考英语阅读表达考情分析
年份 月份 文体 具 体 内 容
2023年 习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及
说明文
北京卷 对人的影响。
2022年 文章讲述15岁的汤姆发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮
记叙文
北京卷 料。
3月
记叙文 退休夫妇制作手工玩具捐赠给慈善帮助贫困儿童。
2022年
天津卷 记叙作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，没有电还需要做年夜
6月
记叙文 饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
2021年 最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几
说明文
北京卷 乎完全消除。
3月
记叙文 找到自己真正地爱好特长实现人生的转变。
2021年
天津卷 讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从
6月
记叙文 事动画教学的故事。
3月
记叙文 作者从内向害羞到自信的转变
2020年
天津卷
6月
记叙文 找到真正自我和自信不再追随他人发挥自己特长
3月
记叙文 热情及创新能力给他人带来积极的影响
2019年
天津卷
6月
记叙文
文章主要讲了梅布里作为一名13年的学校管理者，正因为他努力工作乐于助
人才获得了学生们的爱。
阅读表达属于主观题，是一种综合性的题型。它的作用是综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能
力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，又考查考生的英语书面表达能
力，考查的主要目的是理解、归纳、该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处
理信息并进行书面表达的能力。不但选材新颖、时代性强，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，其开放
性试题的设置也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。要求学生阅读一篇 300词左右的短文，
并按照题目要求用英语组织语言回答问题要求考生能够捕捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的
具体要求进行回答。试题以记叙文或者夹叙夹议为主，难度系数较低，适中。
此题型与阅读理解既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需
对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面：1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言
表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中
的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、
封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）
题型归纳
题型01 细节表达题
【题型诠释】
题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。设问形
式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, how等特殊疑问词进行提问。
①问题形式：Why ..? 回答形式：Because＋句子（表示原因）; Because of ＋名词性短语（表示原
因）; To +动词原形（表示目的）; In order to +动词原形（表示目的）。
②问题形式：What ...? 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式：How ...?（询问方式）。回答形式：By ( doing )..；完整的句子。
解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语
句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
【典例1】(2023·北京·清华附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
For years, psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have
they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation that some groups
seem to work fantastically across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group
intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success?
Researchers at Google have tackled this question. They collected thousands of data points on hundreds of
groups and combed through them trying to find patterns. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of
work? Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together best? They put forwardmany theories but found no patters to support them.
In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; instead, the difference between
more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the interaction among the members. In effective groups, members
spoke for a roughly equal amount of time—not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a project.
Additionally, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, using energetic and
enthusiastic gestures. Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a
distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur
exclusively in face-to-face interaction.
One might argue that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have
probably always understood the principles. However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other
organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. The reason is that our social
and professional lives are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently
underlines effective group performance.
40. What is the finding of previous studies on group intelligence?
41. Why is it important for people to understand group intelligence?
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
▶Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s
efficiency.
43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can we use to improve group intelligence?(In
about 40 words)
【答案】
40. Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
41. Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental
changes necessary to improve group performance.
42. Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency.
The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members.
43. There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members,encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于影响群体智力的因素的研究和研究的意义。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the
intelligence of the individuals in it.(早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和)”可知，先前的
研究发现，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。故答案为 Previous studies found that group intelligence
is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
41. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other
organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. (然而，了解群体智力可
以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效)”可知，理解群体智力很重要是因为理解群
体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效。故答案为 Because understanding
group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve
group performance.
42. 考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings,
far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity.(此外，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈
话非但不会分散注意力，反而提高了团队的生产力。)”可知，句中“distract members”错误，因为个别成员
之间的谈话不会分散注意力。故答案为Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they
can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract
members.
43. 开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：可以提高团队智力的方法有很多，比如培养团队
成员之间的相互尊重，鼓励成员重视彼此的贡献和意见，以及设定明确和可实现的目标。故答案为There
are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members,
encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
题型02 主旨表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the main idea of the passage / Paragraph ...?
② What’s the passage mainly about?
③ What’s the best title for the passage?
常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或“疑问词＋不定式”: What .../ Why ... How .../ How to...?
考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、
关键词和核心词。
解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简练。
【典例2】(2023上·天津·高三天津一中校考阶段练习) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons. First, some people are
convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true
talents.
If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment? More
likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I can’t wait to get back to work.”
If you didn’t feel such vacation blues, then imagine taking a leave of absence. You could use it to work on a novel,
attend classes or just sit around watching TV. At the end of three months, in all likelihood, your self-respect would
be at an all-time low. While all work and no play are not good, all play and no work are disastrous. We need to feel
we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.
The second and perhaps more common reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once
you’ve been at a company for five years and get married, have a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very
little choice about jumping ship if things aren’t turning out as you’d planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest
restrict of all. People hate having to do something because they have no other choice.
If you find yourself hating your job, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a
weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key
networking can take place. You’re not giving up on your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an
option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship.
At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your
own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really aren’t. They have to learn to
manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.
56. What are people likely to do after a long vacation according to the author? (No more than 10 words)
57. What can people get from work according to the second paragraph? (No more than 10 words)
58. How do you interpret the underlined word in the last paragraph? (One word)59. What do you think is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 15 words)
60. What will you do if you hate your job one day in the future? (No more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. They are likely to go back to work.
57. People can get some form of order in their lives.
58. Undertaking.
59. It’s about two reasons why people do not like work.
60. I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take responsibility for my own situation and strive to get what I need from it.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。
56. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a
week of “Boy, I can’t wait to get back to work.” (更有可能是在阳光下享受一周半的乐趣，然后再花半个星期
的时间说：“天哪，我等不及要回去工作了。”)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们很可能在长假之后想要回
去工作。故答案为They are likely to go back to work.
57. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“While all work and no play are not good, all play and no work are
disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.(只工作
不玩耍是不好的，只玩耍不工作是灾难性的。我们需要感觉我们正在完成一些事情。我们的生活也需要某
种形式的秩序)”可知，人们可以从工作中获得某种形式的生活秩序。故答案为People can get some form of
order in their lives.
58. 考查词句理解。根据划线词上文“At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is(对工作场
所采取积极态度的核心是)”及下文“responsibility for your own situation(自己处境的责任)”及常识可知，此
处指承担自己处境的责任。由此可知，划线词 assuming 与 undertaking“承担”意思一致。故答案为
Undertaking.
59. 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary
reasons.(为什么这么多人对自己的工作不满意？主要有两个原因)”可知，文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的
两个原因。故答案为It’s about two reasons why people do not like work.
60. 考查开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如：我会积极调整自己的态度，对自己的处境负责，并
努力从中得到我所需要的。故答案为 I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take responsibility for my own situation
and strive to get what I need from it.题型03 推断表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出合理的
推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或
文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the purpose of the text?
② For what purpose does the author mention ... in Paragraph ...?
③ What does the author really mean by saying ...?
④ What kind of attitude does the author have towards ...?
⑤ What does ... imply?
⑥ What can we learn from the text?
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。
②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以偏概全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
【典例3】(2023·北京·人大附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.”
And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics
coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t
that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves.
He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.”
“I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other
people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol
in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try
instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted
that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile
run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and
“It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally
walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times
my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”
But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings.
Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because,
well, I just can’t. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I
can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can
remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in
sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean
something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in
response than “Of course you can.”
40. What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics?
41. What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
43. Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)
【答案】
40. 50 push-ups
41. “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and
be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so
please leave me alone.”42. There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting
ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
43. I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead
of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and
walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有时候，当人们说“我不能”时，他们并不是说他们没有能力做某事，而是
他们害怕、困惑或不知道如何做。作者提醒人们，说“我不能”比承认自己需要帮助、害怕或沮丧要容易
得多。说“我不能”的时候，其实我们想说的是别的，所以我们应该试着使用更有帮助的词语，这样我们
才能得到我们需要的帮助。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before
trying conversation again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做 50个俯卧撑)”
可知，在我小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做 50个俯卧撑。故答案为50 push-
ups。
41. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in
front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield
my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(对我来说，“我不能”
实际上意味着“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意
走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”)”可知，我在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“我
害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我
的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”故答案为“I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my
classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the
hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
42. 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than
just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I
have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t.(但是，让我们求助于“我不能”比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会
造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我已经不再尝试了，因为，
嗯，我就是不能。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所
以句中“the fact that I am not able to do that.”表述错误。故答案为 There are things I have stopped trying
because of the fact that I am not able to do that. According to the passage, there are things I have stopped tryingbecause I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
43. 开放性问题。言之有理，注意词数限制即可。故答案为 I remember struggling with a difficult math
problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was
feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to
understand it better.
题型04 猜词表达题
【题型诠释】
1.题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。
2.设问形式：
① What’s the meaning of the underlined word / phrase / part in the ... paragraph?
② What does the underlined part in the ... paragraph mean?
常用的回答形式有：
① To show / inform us that ...,
② To give us useful tips / advice / suggestions on how to ...;
③ To encourage / persuade us to ...
④ 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。
结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位
语、定语从句等来确定词义，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；
定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解
猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇,来进行猜测判断。
【典例4】(2023上·天津南开·高三南开中学校考阶段练习)阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
You’ve got to know your own value, know what you want, and stick with it. That’s what T. McDowell’s
advice to others is, and it’s certainly worked for him. This high school senior is currently the owner of Immersion
Imaging, a successful company specializing in Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.
McDowell launched the company in 2012, which was originally called 4th Dimension Graphics. Two years
later, it was recognized as Immersion Imaging. Surprisingly, he didn’t begin the company with the assistance of any
partner, but instead founded it on his own with the experience and contacts that he already had.
“It’s always been a one - person operation. I could easily take on partners or scale up the business some more,
but I want to keep it this way for now,” McDowell said. I don’t lack any contracts right now. I like it because it’sflexible, so that if I need more income, I can do more; and if I take a break for a while, I don’t have any problems.”
If McDowell spends between 30 and 60 hours a week working, Immersion Imaging will offer him a steady income.
Part of the reason why McDowell ended up in the computer industry might be explained by the exposure he
had as a child. However, he spends his free time on more than just computers. His real interest lies in aviation. With
his business spirit and success, McDowell won’t have a problem realizing his dreams of the sky one day
56. What does McDowell’s company focus on? (No more than 10 words)
57. Why does McDowell want his company to be a one-person operation? (no more than 5 words)
58. What does the underlined phrase “scale up” probably mean? (One word)
59. How can he enjoy a steady income? (No more than 10 words)
60. How does McDowell’s advice inspire you? Please explain in your own words. (No more than 25 words)
【答案】
56. Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.
57. Because it’s flexible.
58. Expand.
59. By working 30 to 60 hours per week.
60. Open. We should first find out what matters to us and discover our dreams. Then we should stay focused and
go after our dreams.
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了T. McDowell的创业经历和对未来的规划。他创办了名为
Immersion Imaging的公司，专注于互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。
56. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“This high school senior is currently the owner of Immersion Imaging, a
successful company specializing in Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.(这位高中毕业生
目前是Immersion Imaging的老板，这是一家成功的公司，专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据
库。)”可知，McDowell的公司专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。故答案为Internet
commerce solutions and online financial databases.
57. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段““It’s always been a one - person operation. I could easily take on
partners or scale up the business some more, but I want to keep it this way for now,” McDowell said. I don’t lackany contracts right now. I like it because it’s flexible, so that if I need more income, I can do more; and if I take a
break for a while, I don’t have any problems.”(“这一直是一个人的经营。我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴或扩大
业务规模，但我现在想保持这种方式，” McDowell说。“我现在不缺合同。我喜欢它，因为它很灵活，
所以如果我需要更多的收入，我可以做更多的事情；如果我休息一段时间，我也不会有任何问题。”)”可
知，McDowell希望自己的公司一个人经营，因为这种模式具有灵活性。故答案为Because it’s flexible.
58. 考查词义猜测。根据划线单词上文“I could easily take on partners(我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴)”，如
果与别人合作，那么自然就会扩大业务规模。由此可知，划线单词和“扩大”相似。故答案为Expand.
59. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“If McDowell spends between 30 and 60 hours a week working,
Immersion Imaging will offer him a steady income.(如果McDowell每周工作30到60个小时，Immersion
Imaging公司将为他提供稳定的收入。)”可知，如果McDowell每周工作30到60个小时就可以拥有稳定的
收入。故答案为By working 30 to 60 hours per week.
60. 开放题。要求考生谈谈McDowell的建议对自己的启发，考生言之有理即可。结合第一段McDowell的
建议“You’ve got to know your own value, know what you want, and stick with it.(你必须知道自己的价值，知
道你想要什么，并坚持下去。)”可知，McDowell认为我们应该先找到自己重视的东西，明白自己的梦想，
然后坚持下去。故参考答案为We should first find out what matters to us and discover our dreams. Then we
should stay focused and go after our dreams.
高考练场
题型01 细节表达题
(2021年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or recent graduates early in
their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the
pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential for teaching. She loves the experience of gaining new
knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last
few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great
feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation (动画制作) too.”
She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on theirown using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is “to get
the tools to the people.” “You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your
own voice,” she explained.
Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear
can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them
get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they
have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.
She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents,
for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids.
“I’m an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in
their lives to catch up with her on this journey.
56. What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words)
57. According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software? (no more than 10
words)
58. What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more than 15 words)
59. Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4. (1 word)
60. What do you suggest old people learn to do? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others.
Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.
57. To make professional products and express themselves.
Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works.
Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
58. Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
59. Develop.
60. To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事
动画教学的故事。
56. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing
it with others. (她喜欢获得新知识的经历，也喜欢与他人分享。)”以及她所说的话“I’ve taken so many
Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in
teaching animation too. (我上了很多Udemy的课程，能让我的大脑重新工作真是太棒了。我在动画教学中也
发现了同样的满足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后获得新的知识并与人分享，她参加Udemy课程并教授动画。
故答案为Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others. Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.
57. 考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is ‘to get the tools to the
people.’‘You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,’ she
explained.(她教Udemy的动机是‘把工具带给人们’。她解释说：‘你可以走很长一段路，让事情看起来
很专业，但仍然有自己的声音。’)”可以推知，她希望学生制作动画有专业性，同时要表达自己的思想，
有自己的特色，实现自己的梦想。故答案为To make professional products and express themselves. Or: To
accomplish/complete professional and unique works. Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
58. 考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people
dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she
has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to
creating their own works. (Anneke知道恐惧是如何阻碍人们梦想的事情。通过为期五天的挑战课程，她帮助
他们克服恐惧。Anneke喜欢她对学生的影响。更让她感到自豪的是，他们已经从第一部动画发展到创作自
己的作品。)”可知，第3段的主旨是Anneke帮助学生克服克服恐惧并创造他们自己的动画作品。故答案为
Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
59. 考查词句猜测。划线词句后文“Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make
animations together with their grandkids. (例如，祖父母可以学习使用GoAnimate和他们的孙辈们一起制作动
画。)”举例说明了Anneke主张让老年人和孙辈们一起制作动画，再根据划线词语“She encourages people
of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. (她鼓励所有年龄段的人，尤其是老年人，
cultivate 他们对生活的好奇心。)”可知，Anneke鼓励老年人，培养发展他们的好奇心。从而推知划线词语
cultivate 应为“培养；发展”的意思。故答案为Develop.
60. 考查读后表达。通读全文，以Anneke Camstra的榜样，我建议应该让老年人学习使用社交媒体，因为
它使老年人能更好的了解外面的世界。故答案为 To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to
know the outside world better.题型02 主旨表达题
(2020年天津市高考英语试卷6月) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else ’ s
shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do
everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one.
My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when
my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This
new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to
show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry,
biology and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit. Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On
this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I
ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers
who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually
felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in
my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? (no more than 7 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
56. Receiving less attention than someone else. / Being less successful than someone else. / Feeling lesssuccessful than someone else. / Being neglected. / Feeling neglected.
57. That his brother left for college and he changed schools. / Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going
to a new school. / Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s attending a new school.
58. Joining the Science Olympiad team. / That he joined the Science Olympiad team. / Discovering his true
interests (in science).
59. (How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”. / He has discovered his own way to be cool. / He
found his own identity.
60. Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am. / Playing the piano is cool because it can
give me joy. / Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
【解析】
56. 根据第一段的As any younger brother will tell you ... neglected (被忽略的) one. (就像任何一个弟弟会告
诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，
我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被忽略的一个。)根据句意，尤其是I was
always the neglected (被忽略的) one可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被忽略”。故填Receiving
less attention than someone else. / Being less successful than someone else. / Feeling less successful than
someone else. / Being neglected. / Feeling neglected.
57. 根据第二段的 but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a
new school all by myself. (但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独自在一个新
的学校开始。)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新的开始。
故填That his brother left for college and he changed schools. / Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going
to a new school. / Tyson’s leaving for college and the author's attending a new school.
58. 根据第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t
fit. Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did. (我一直对化学、
生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一天，出于某
种原因，我参加了。)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥哥的“影
子”。故填Joining the Science Olympiad team. / That he joined the Science Olympiad team. / Discovering his
true interests (in science).
59. 根据本段的主要内容，尤其是 Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my
identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than
what I used to think.（现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣）可知，本段主要讲述了作者
找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填(How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”. / He
has discovered his own way to be cool. / He found his own identity.
60. 只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。参考Playing football well is cool because I can show how
strong I am. / Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy. / Helping the poor is cool because it can give
them hope and bring me pleasure.
题型03 推断表达题
(2022年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside
were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of
people just starting to celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks (火花) flying from
electrical transformers (变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest
explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles
made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook
dinner. How would we do that without electricity?
The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others
cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious.
There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table
and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but
that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time,
we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for
that!
Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that
special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve.
56. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word)
57. What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
58. How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)59. How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve? (no more than 8 words)
60. What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please
explain why. (no more than 25words)
【答案】
56. Fierce./ Strong./ Violent.
57. No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.
58. They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down. / By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting
down.
59. It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./
Unforgettable. / Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.
60. It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五个朋
友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
56. 考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段“The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone
outside were beating on the glass.(狂风猛烈地摇动着窗户，好像外面有人在敲打着玻璃。)”，结合常识可知，
风肯定很大才会像窗外有人敲打着玻璃；形容风特别大可以用形容词 fierce“猛的”、strong“强的”或
violent“暴力的”。故答案为Fierce./ Strong./ Violent。
57. 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner.
How would we do that without electricity?(我们有15个人站着，我们还得做晚饭。没有电，我们要怎么办
呢？)” 可知当时有15个人共同准备迎接新年，如何在断电的情况下准备这么多人的晚餐，变得很困难。
故答案为No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.。
58. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Why not cook on the barbecue?(为什么不在烧烤架上做呢)”、“so we
all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight.(所以我们都坐在餐厅的桌
子旁，一直唱到午夜前几分钟。)”和“we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball!(我们都开始倒数，然
后我掉了一个网球！)” 可知，大家在烧烤架上做了饭、唱了歌，也做了新年倒数。故答案为 They cooked
on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down.。
59. 考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New
Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that NewYear’s Eve. (现在，我们仍然聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像那个
新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为 It was the
most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./
Different./ Memorable./ Unique.。
60. 考查推理判断。本题要求考生基于对篇章整体内容的理解，对青年人面对突发事件应如何面对给出自
己的想法，为开放性试题。故参考答案为：It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with
difficulties.
题型04 猜词表达题
(2021年3月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music,
and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance
company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a
week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a
lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. It was
only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up
for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy,
enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the
insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision —
leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am
living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it’s hard to make a change, but I’m so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very
small first step because it has led me to where I am today.
56. What was the author interested in when she was a little girl? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________57. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
58. How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
59. What did the author do to get back to her creative life? Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
60. Do you consider the author as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
56. She was interested in arts, crafts and music.
Or: She was interested in creative things.
57. Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
58. She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy.
Or: She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59. She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course.
Or: She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
60. Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.
Or: Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she. Or: No, (I don’t). I don’t
like changes and I want to live a secure life.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者坚持做自己真正喜欢做的事情，最后取得了成功。
56. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was
filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation. (从我还是一个小女
孩的时候起，我就很有创造力。我的童年充满了艺术、手工艺和音乐，每一天都是令人兴奋的创作冒
险。)”可知，从作者还是一个小女孩的时候起，她就对有创意的东西感兴趣，对艺术、手工艺和音乐感兴
趣。故答案为She was interested in arts, crafts and music./ She was interested in creative things.
57. 考查词义猜测。根据画线单词所在句后句“Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a
lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change. (这样工作一年已经够痛苦的了，更别说一辈子了。不久我
决定做出改变。)”可知，作者现在的工作让她感到痛苦，她并不喜欢这份工作。再根据第五段内容“As it
became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance
company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感). (当我越来越清楚地
意识到时尚是我全职想要做的事情时，我在保险公司的日常工作变得更加困难。我觉得无聊。没有活力，没有动力，没有满足感。)”可知，作者真正喜欢的是和时尚相关的工作，保险公司的工作让她感觉无聊。
由此可知，画线单词所在句表示的是，在保险公司工作的日子漫长而乏味。故答案为 Boring./Dull./
Uninteresting.
58. 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion
Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week.
Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness. (当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装
设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。我每周上两晚课。虽然很累，但它给了我活
力、热情和快乐。)”可知，在参加了兼职设计课程后，作者感觉充满了活力、热情和快乐。故答案为 She
felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./ She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段关键句“One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a
sewing course at a community college. (我对缝纫产生了兴趣，所以我在一所社区大学上了缝纫课。)”，第四
段关键句“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I
signed up for a part-time design course. (当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，三个月
后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。)”和倒数第三段内容“I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After
struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
Two years later I got my diploma. (我知道我需要做出更大的改变。经过一段时间的挣扎，我做出了一个艰难
的决定，离开我的工作，并全职学习我的设计课程。两年后我拿到了毕业证书。)”可知，作者为了恢复她
有创造力的生活，她参加了一个缝纫班，并参加了一个兼职设计课程，辞去了工作，去上时装设计课，根
据题目要求，从中选出两点事实即可，不超过 15 个词。故答案为 She quit/quitted her job and took the
fashion-design course./ She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
60. 开放题。题目询问“你认为作者是你的榜样吗？请解释一下原因。”本题为开放性试题，根据自己的
理解，言之有理，符合文章内容即可，不超过 20个词，如果答案是肯定的，原因可以是“She has the
courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes. (她有勇气追随自己的心，做自己真正喜欢的事。)”；
如果答案是否定的，原因可以是“I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life. (我不喜欢变化，我想过
安全的生活。)”。故答案为Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes./ Yes,
(I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she./ No, (I don’t). I don’t like changes
and I want to live a secure life.名校模拟
(1)
（2023上·天津·高三天津市天津中学校考阶段练习）You saw the video, right? The 45-second recording of
a kid dancing in the rain? There was something inspiring about it. In a moment when our social media channels
have been flooded with unsettling news, here was a kid whose love for dance couldn’t be stopped by the rain. Or by
the concrete (混凝土) ground he was dancing on. Or the fact that he was barefoot (赤脚的).
Since it was uploaded to Instagram in June, the video of Nigerian ballet dancer Anthony Mmesoma Madu
gathered thousands of views, likes, and comments. People seem to be absolutely stunned by the boy’s dedication
(献身), elegance (优雅), and talent.
Madu is one of a dozen students between the ages of 5 and 12 at Leap Academy of Dance in Badagry. Daniel
Ajala Owoseni, Anthony’s teacher, founded this school in Lagos in 2017. Unfortunately, even after 5 years, the
school still doesn’t have a dedicated space for its students. Because of that, most of the time, they practice in
Owoseni’s tiny home as well as public spaces in the community.
“We are trying to change the traditional thought around ballet dance. Boys can actually do ballet,” the teacher
told the BBC. “Male ballet dancing is here to stay and it is not only supposed to be for females.”
“Where I live, there are no male ballet dancers like me,” young Anthony told a BBC reporter. When he is
dancing, he said, “the feeling that comes over me is as if I am dreaming.”
The video eventually caught the attention of Cynthia Harvey, the current artistic director of the ABT
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School of Dance, one of America’s most famous ballet schools. Fortunately, she
succeeded in tracking Anthony down. Moreover, she had arranged for full scholarships (奖学金) so Anthony could
attend the ABT virtual Young Dancer Summer Workshop, a three-week intensive program.
“A child who shows this much dedication, you just have to help,” she said. “You are not only changing your
world there in Africa but you’re changing the hearts and minds of so many people.”
1. Why did Anthony’s video become so popular? (no more than 10 words)
2. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 2 words)
3. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? (no more than 5 words)4. What made Anthony qualify for the unusual scholarship? Give two of the facts. (no more than 10 words)
5. Do you consider Anthony as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 25 words)
(2)
（2023上·天津·高三天津实验中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
My neighbor Josie was a good cook and college professor. We have been good friends for many years. Each
early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for me as a reward!
Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so
many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood
all summer long!
Each evening, Josie and I would sit in front of the garden. We would have a chat, exchanging our world views
as well as funny jokes. However, one evening, Josie was a “no-show”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her
husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).
Later, when I set eyes on her, she was in a wheelchair, covered in a thick blanket. She looked smaller and older
than before. But how she chose to face it made me surprised. During the days when Josie had some strength, her
husband wheeled her into the living room, and they watched old movies together. She called it “date time”. And
during the most special days when Josie was doing well, her husband took her for a walk outside in her wheelchair.
She called it “going on vacation”. Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they
continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.
She is grateful for listening to her grandchildren telling stories to her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a
laugh with her favorite neighbor, and being here for another day. I am thankful for her simple life lesson: Find the
positive, and you will find your reason to live.
21. What was Josie like before she suffered a stroke? (no more than 10 words)
22. How was Josie’s skill in gardening? (no more than 5 words)
23. How can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (no more than 5 words)
24. What made the author surprised after Josie suffered the stroke? (no more than 10 words)25. How does Josie’s story inspire you? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
(3)
（2023上·天津北辰·高三天津市第四十七中学校考阶段练习）阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。
After we all came to the conclusion that our family could responsibly care for dog; my husband and I started
our search at a local animal shelter.
We discovered a medium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was a approximately only two years old and
seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at us through intelligent eyes and already knew how to fetch a
ball. My husband and I immediately adopted him Duke quickly fit into our family’s lifestyle. And he quickly
learned the tricks like “sit” and “come”.
But there was one skill that Duke could not seem to grasp---that of a watchdog. My husband was trying to
teach him to remind us by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard. Duke would listen
carefully to my husband’s commands, but would cock ( 竖 起 ) his head to one side in confusion and
disappointment as if to tell his master that he just didn’t understand what my husband was asking him to do.
My husband would give his “watch” command. Duke would stand up---muscles tightened in readiness, but would
not have a clue as to what he was in readiness for.
One morning we heard the garbage collectors come up the driveway to get our garbage. My husband went to
the open bedroom window so Duke could hear and see the men through the screen.
“Watch” my husband commanded. Duke rose in readiness, looked at my husband as sudden comprehension
dawned on him, gave a quick tail wave, and leaped through the window screen jumping happily out to greet the
garbage men.
Seeing that, I couldn’t help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husbands mood when he found what
was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no expression on his face.
Duke brought our family so much fun. We never scolded or beat him. He was one of our family members.
1. What was Duke like when the author adopted him? (no more than 10 words)
2. What did the author’s husband expect Duke to do as a watchdog? (no more than 15 words)
3. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 5? (no more than 10 words)4. How did the author and her husband feel about Duke’s leaping through the window? (no more than 10 words)
5. How do you think people should treat their pets? (no more than 20 words)
(4)
（2023·北京·北京四中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London
Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and
experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process —
taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any
prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have
expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know
when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the
right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is
not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine
tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief
executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment
with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world
is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the
common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising
judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With
enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good
judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human
judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
1. What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement?
2. Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing?3. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as
humans.
4. Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgments? Why or why not? (In
about 40 words)
(5)
（2023·北京海淀·石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serious problem that isn’t going to get better on its own. Here are some do-it-yourself tips on how
to manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. Next
time you feel like you need a device or electronic item, stop yourself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe
also the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize your electronics. If you don’t keep your connectors, DVDs,
wires and gadgets organized, you won’t be aware of what you have. When we buy duplicate electronics because we
think we need them, we are contributing to our growing e-waste problem. “How to manage e-waste” becomes less
of an issue when we keep our own houses in order.
If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be reused, donate it as soon as
you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are a useful way to get tax
deductions, and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had you tried to sell it. Take
your electronics back to the store. Some stores offer trade-in programs, where you can drop off your old equipment
in return for gift cards.
There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right
away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
If you are frequently receiving memory sticks and little gadgets, collect them into a good-e-bag. Whenever
you no longer need a USB stick or a small electronic device, toss it into the bag. You might be surprised at how
quickly it fills up. So be sure you are utilizing your materials and products thoughtfully. With these tips you can use
DIY solutions to learn how to manage e-waste. Your house will be cleaner, you will save money and you’ll be
doing a good thing.
1. What is the biggest cause of our e-waste problem?2. How can people get tax deductions when managing e-waste?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you
can get.
4. Why do we need to manage our e-waste? (In about 40 words)
(6)
(2023年北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually
thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to
nostalgia. It’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory.
In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report
positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research
into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies
have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who
practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.
All these findings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or
into the future? Here are some tips for you:
·To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight.
Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.
·If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance, say—keep using it!
You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.
·When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay
finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.
·Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great
job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.
There’ll still be times when old thoughts remind you of sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. But themore you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be
your best self now.
1. What did nostalgia originally mean?
2. What have the researchers found about time travel?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action
when procrastinating.
4. Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)
(7)
(2023年北京市丰台区高三二模试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent
home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a
nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla,
a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at
home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward
beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse
monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward
rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as
possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be
damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual
wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not asilver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital
lifeline for the system.
1. How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized?
2. What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are
limited.
4. Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have? (In
about 40 words)
(8)
(2023年北京·高三中关村中学模拟) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Imagine playing a game of Old Maid with a child. She is about to pick a card. It would cost her the game. You
think about how excited she'd be if she won. So you hint that she might want to select another card. She does. She
wins. You’re both happy. But was letting her win a wise move?
Scientists and children experts have long said losing once in a while helps children build coping skills. It also
helps them learn what the real world is like.
A new study has been done by Amherst College and the University of Virginia. The study looks at 4 and 5-
year-olds. The researchers conducted a series of trials where the children played a game with hidden objects.
Two adults gave clues to the locations of the objects. One adult gave accurate clues. The other gave false ones.
Then, the researchers set up the game so that half of the kids always found the hidden object as the uncontrolled
group. The remaining children played another game in the controlled group. This game was left to chance. They
were more likely to find out the hidden objects if they listened carefully. After all, one adult would give helpful
information.
Afterwards, researchers asked the kids which of the two adults they’d select to help them find more hidden
objects? The kids in the uncontrolled game preferred the adult who gave accurate clues. But those in the controlled
version had no preference.That means if you always let children win, they might not learn to spot important information relevant to
future success.
Cheating to help kids win games has ties to today’s “trophy games.”Children are often given rewards simply
for participating in sports and other competitive events.
Parents may believe they are assuring their child’s good self-esteem by rewarding them for showing up, says
Nicki Nance, who is a licensed psychologist and a professor at Beacon College.
Although giving participation prize isn’t necessarily harmful, it is important for children to learn how to
distinguish true accomplishments from mere participation.
“Self-esteem doesn’t come from being adored.” Nance says. It comes from mastery. “If we don’t let children
fail, they miss the opportunity to take ownership of success.”
1. Why do scientists and children experts say losing once in a while is helpful?
2. Why did the children in the controlled group have no preference in choosing adult to help them find more
hidden objects?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶To help children learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from mere parricipation, participation prize
should not be awarded.
4. Please explain what you have learned from your failure with an example. （In about 40 words）
答案与解析
(1)答案
1. Because people are stunned by his dedication, elegance, and talent.
2. Amazed.
3. The challenge the school faces.
4. It was his dedication and talent in ballet dancing.
5. Yes, Anthony will be my role model because he shows determination, passion, and the ability to overcome
obstacles in pursuing his dreams.【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一个尼日利亚芭蕾舞者，安东尼·梅索马·马杜，在雨中跳芭蕾
的45秒视频走红媒体，他对芭蕾的热爱和才华引起了美国芭蕾学校 ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis舞蹈
学校艺术总监的注意，她为安东尼安排了全额奖学金。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since it was uploaded to Instagram in June, the video of Nigerian ballet dancer
Anthony Mmesoma Madu gathered thousands of views, likes, and comments. People seem to be absolutely stunned
by the boy’s dedication (献身), elegance (优雅), and talent. (自从今年6月上传至Instagram，尼日利亚芭蕾舞
者安东尼·梅索马·马杜的视频吸引了成千上万的观看、点赞和评论。人们似乎完全被这个男孩的敬业、优
雅和才华惊呆了。)”可知，安东尼的视频如此受欢迎，是因为人们这个男孩的献身精神、优雅和才华感到
非常震撼。故答案为：Because people are stunned by his dedication, elegance, and talent.
2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Since it was uploaded to Instagram in June, the video of Nigerian ballet dancer
Anthony Mmesoma Madu gathered thousands of views, likes, and comments. People seem to be absolutely stunned
by the boy’s dedication (献身), elegance (优雅), and talent. (自从今年6月上传至Instagram，尼日利亚芭蕾舞
者安东尼·梅索马·马杜的视频吸引了成千上万的观看、点赞和评论。人们似乎完全被这个男孩的敬业、优
雅和才华stunned了。)”可知，该视频展现了这个男孩的敬业、优雅和才华，所以吸引了成千上万人的浏
览、点赞、评论，stunned与amazed意思相近。故答案为：amazed。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Madu is one of a dozen students between the ages of 5 and 12 at Leap Academy of
Dance in Badagry. Daniel Ajala Owoseni, Anthony’s teacher, founded this school in Lagos in 2017. Unfortunately,
even after 5 years, the school still doesn’t have a dedicated space for its students. Because of that, most of the time,
they practice in Owoseni’s tiny home as well as public spaces in the community. (马杜是Badagry Leap舞蹈学院
12名5到12岁学生中的一员。安东尼的老师丹尼尔·阿加拉·奥沃塞尼于2017年在拉各斯创办了这所学校
不幸的是，即使5年过去了，学校仍然没有为学生提供专门的空间。正因为如此，大多数时候，他们在奥
沃塞尼的小房子和社区的公共场所练习。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了马杜所在的舞蹈学院面临的问题：缺
乏一个专门的学生空间。故答案为：The challenge the school faces。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段“‘Where I live, there are no male ballet dancers like me,’ young Anthony told a
BBC reporter. When he is dancing, he said, ‘the feeling that comes over me is as if I am dreaming.’ (‘在我住的地
方，没有像我这样的男芭蕾舞演员，’年轻的安东尼告诉BBC记者。他说，当他跳舞的时候，‘那种感觉
就像在做梦一样。’)”，以及最后一段“‘A child who shows this much dedication, you just have to help,’ she
said. ‘You are not only changing your world there in Africa but you’re changing the hearts and minds of so many
people.’ (‘一个表现出如此大的奉献精神的孩子，你只能帮助他，’她说。‘你不仅在非洲改变了你的世界，
还在改变了很多人的心灵。’)”可知，安东尼作为男芭蕾舞演员的独特天赋以及他对芭蕾舞的奉献和热情，使他成为奖学金的候选人。故答案为：It was his dedication and talent in ballet dancing.
5. 开放性试题。通读全文可知，安东尼酷爱芭蕾，更有对芭蕾的奉献险，哪怕没有合适的场地练习，哪怕
在下雨，安东尼都沉浸在芭蕾中，故答案是：Yes, Anthony will be my role model because he shows
determination, passion, and the ability to overcome obstacles in pursuing his dreams.
(2)答案
1. She was active and enthusiastic about life./She was an active and enthusiastic person.
2. Excellent./Great.
3. Josie didn’t appear./Josie didn’t come.
4. That Joise chose to face her life positively.
5. We should be positive and always see the bright side of life when things are bad.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的邻居Josie是一个积极的、充满热情的人，喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺
技术高超，乐于分享和沟通，一次中风后Josie再也无法完全恢复了，但是她依旧抱有热情，乐观地对待生
活，作者从她身上学到了很多。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would
make breakfast for me as a reward!（每天清晨，Josie都会邀请我和她一起散步，她会为我做早餐作为奖
励！）”、第二段中“Josie planted a lovely garden.（Josie种了一个漂亮的花园。）”和第三段中“We
would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes.（我们会聊天，交流我们的世界观以及
有趣的笑话。）”可知，中风以前的Josie喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺技术高超，乐于分享和沟通。由此推
知，她对生活的态度是积极的、富有热情的，或者说她是个积极而富有热情的人。故答案为She was active
and enthusiastic about life./She was an active and enthusiastic person.。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀)
once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest
salads in the neighborhood all summer long!（Josie种了一个漂亮的花园。每一种花和蔬菜每年都有一次首次
亮相。蔬菜的种类太多了，我甚至都不知道是什么在长。整个夏天，我们吃的沙拉都是附近最新鲜
的！）”可知，Josie的花园非常美丽，鲜花和蔬菜种类丰富，非常新鲜。由此推知，她的园艺技术非常棒
故答案为Excellent./Great.。
3. 词句猜测题。根据画线句下文“Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running
outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).（然后我听到救护车的声音，看到她的丈夫和孩子们跑到外面。Josie
中风了。）”可知，那一晚Josie中风了，被送去抢救，所以没有出现。故答案为 Josie didn’t appear./Josiedidn’t come.。
4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they
continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.（尽管Josie预计不会完全康复，但他们继续看电影，
并度过了许多迷你假期。）”可知，面对生活的不幸，Josie并没有悲观失望，而是积极地面对，用热情、
充满希望的方式去度过生活。由此推知，令作者感到惊讶的是 Josie选择积极地面对生活。故答案为That
Joise chose to face her life positively.。
5. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，Josie是一个积极的、充满热情的人，喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺技术高
超，乐于分享和沟通，即使是中风后Josie再也无法完全恢复了，她依旧抱有热情，乐观地对待生活。她这
样积极对待生活的态度，和面对不顺依旧乐观的精神启发着读者。故答案为 We should be positive and
always see the bright side of life when things are bad.。
(3)答案
1. It was medium-sized, young, sweet and intelligent.
2. To remind them by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard.
3. Suddenly Duke understood his master’s command/intention/thoughts.
4. The author was amused while her husband felt calm about it
5. I think people should love their pets and have fun with them instead of abusing the m.
Or: I think people should love their pets and treat them as the family members.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了作者一家和狗狗之间的事情，呼吁人们应该爱他们的宠物，把他们当
作家人对待。
1. 根据第二段“We discovered a medium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was a approximately only two
years old and seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at us through intelligent eyes and already knew
how to fetch a ball. My husband and I immediately adopted him Duke quickly fit into our family's lifestyle. And he
quickly learned the tricks like “sit",and “come””可知，它中等大小，年轻，可爱，聪明。故填It was medium-
sized, young, sweet and intelligent.
2. 根据第三段“My husband was trying to teach him to remind us by giving a single warning bark when someone
came into the yard.”可知，他们希望当有人走进院子时发出一声警告的吠声来提醒他们。故填 To remind
them by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard.
3. 根据狗狗下一步的反应知杜克突然明白了主人的命令。故填 Suddenly Duke understood his master’s
command/intention/thoughts.
4. 由文中“Seeing that, I couldn't help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husbands mood when he foundwhat was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no expression on his face.”作者觉得很有趣但
他丈夫很平静。故填The author was amused while her husband felt calm about it。
5. 从最后一段“Duke brought our family so much fun. We never scolded or beat him. He was one of our family
members.”可知作者认为人们应该爱他们的宠物，把他们当作家人对待。故填I think people should love their
pets and have fun with them instead of abusing them.或I think people should love their pets and treat them as the
family members.
(4)答案
1. He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form
opinions and take decisions./The combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form
opinions and take decisions.
2. Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment.
3. Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as
humans.
According to the passage, with enough practice, machines may be able to recognize implicit cues and thus display
the equivalent of good judgment.
4. Yes. For one thing, humans possess common sense and intuition, which allows them to make judgments based
on their prior experiences and knowledge of the world; for another, humans possess emotional intelligence, which
allows them to recognize and understand emotions in themselves and others, allowing them to make better
judgements.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断力的定义，判断力与专业知识的区别，责任多少对判断力的
影响，以及机器在判断力方面的表现和发展。
1. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that
judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and
take decisions”. (伦敦商学院Andrew Likierman爵士认为，判断力是“将个人品质与相关知识和经验结合起
来，形成观点并做出决定”。)”可知，Andrew爵士对于判断力的定义是将个人品质与相关知识和经验结合
起来，形成观点并做出决定。故答案为：He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with
relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions./The combination of personal qualities with
relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
2. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not thesame thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have
judgment.”(专业知识在做出判断时很有用。但它们不是一回事。“学者拥有专业知识，”Andrew爵士评论
道。“他们不一定有判断力。”)”可知，专业知识和做出判断不是一回事的原因在于有些人也许拥有专业
知识，但是不一定具有判断力。故答案为：Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t
necessarily have judgment.
3. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in
the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far
from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus
display the equivalent of good judgment.(虽然人工智能越来越多地用于服务行业的日常任务，但判断力可能
是人类比机器保持优势的一个领域。然而，这还远不能确定。经过足够的练习，机器可能能够识别这些隐
含的线索，从而显示出相当于良好判断力的能力。)”可知，“人工智能广泛运用于日常任务”与文章内容
相符，“它永远不能像人类那样做出判断”与文章内容不符，因为通过足够的练习，机器可能能够识别出
隐含的线索，从而显示出相当于良好判断力的能力。故答案为：Although artificial intelligence is widely
used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.及 According to the passage, with
enough practice, machines may be able to recognize implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good
judgment.
4. 开放性问题。题目要求对“在做出判断方面，人类‘比机器保持优势’”发表观点，表明同意或者不同
意，并给出相应的理由，为开放性的题目，答案合理即可。例如，如果同意这一观点的话，可以结合自己
的认知说明两点理由，人类可以凭借常识和直觉，利用先前的经验和对世界的了解做出判断，以及人类具
有机器不具有的情绪智力，可以识别并理解自己和他人的情绪，从而做出更好的判断。故答案可为：Yes.
For one thing, humans possess common sense and intuition, which allows them to make judgments based on their
prior experiences and knowledge of the world; for another, humans possess emotional intelligence, which allows
them to recognize and understand emotions in themselves and others, allowing them to make better judgments.
(5)答案
1. The biggest cause of our e-waste is (the fact) that we buy things that we just don’t need./ It is the fact that we
buy things that we just don’t need. /(The fact)That we buy things that we just don’t need.
2. They/People get tax deductions by making donations. /Through donations./Donating is a useful way to get tax
deductions./By donating (their equipment when it is in good enough condition).
3. Sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards youcan get. According to the passage, sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because they lose value very
rapidly in our changing market./According to the passage, because the electronics lose value very rapidly in our
changing market, the earlier you sell them, the more valuable they will remain.
4. Managing our e-waste can reduce the pressure on the environment. If we don’t deal with the fast-growing e-
waste properly, it will pollute our environment or even affect the food chain. Plus, it can relieve the shortage of
metal resources, because some metals in e-waste are reusable if they are recycled.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电子垃圾产生的原因以及危害。
1. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things
that we just don’t need.(也许电子垃圾问题的最大原因是我们买了我们根本不需要的东西)”可知，电子垃圾
的最大原因是我们买了我们根本不需要的东西。故答案为The biggest cause of our e-waste is (the fact) that we
buy things that we just don’t need./ It is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. /(The fact)That we buy
things that we just don’t need.
2. 考查细节理解。根据第三段“If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be
reused, donate it as soon as you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are a
useful way to get tax deductions, and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had you
tried to sell it.(如果你不需要一件设备，而且它的状况足够好，可以重复使用，那么尽快把它捐赠出去，让
其他人可以使用。捐赠对我们有好处，因为它们是获得税收减免的有效方式，而且很多时候，税收减免将
接近你试图出售的物品的价值)”可知，人们通过捐款获得税收减免。故答案为 They/People get tax
deductions by making donations. /Through donations./Donating is a useful way to get tax deductions./By donating
(their equipment when it is in good enough condition).
3. 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to
somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
(还有一些地方出售对其他人来说可能有价值的电子产品。一定要马上把它们卖掉，因为它们在不断变化的
市场中很快就会贬值)”可知，根据这篇文章，卖掉你不需要的电子产品，因为它们在我们不断变化的市场
中很快就会失去价值。故错误的部分为“because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you can get.”。
故答案为Sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift
cards you can get. According to the passage, sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because they lose
value very rapidly in our changing market./According to the passage, because the electronics lose value very
rapidly in our changing market, the earlier you sell them, the more valuable they will remain.
4. 开放题，言之有理即可，注意字数。题干：为什么我们需要管理电子垃圾？可回答：管理电子垃圾可以减少对环境的压力。如果我们不妥善处理快速增长的电子垃圾，它将污染我们的环境，甚至影响食物链。
此外，它可以缓解金属资源的短缺，因为如果回收利用，电子垃圾中的一些金属是可重复使用的。故答案
为 Managing our e-waste can reduce the pressure on the environment. If we don’t deal with the fast-growing e-
waste properly, it will pollute our environment or even affect the food chain. Plus, it can relieve the shortage of
metal resources, because some metals in e-waste are reusable if they are recycled.
(6)答案
1. A mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return.
2. They have found that time travel to the past and into the future both bring benefits to us.
3. Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action
when procrastinating.
Because we should use a positive end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
4. (1) I often imagine myself attending my ideal university in September 2023 to cheer myself up. Picturing myself
wandering on the campus and enjoying the harvest in the golden autumn can give me the motivation to overcome
nervousness and stress at present with an optimistic attitude and in full gear.
(2) I recall the time of winning the first prize in a speech contest two years ago. Standing on the stage reaching out
for the prize, I was filled with pride. This experience serves as a constant source of encouragement and confidence
for me to keep working hard to improve myself.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就怎样才能成为一个自信的时间旅行者，穿越到过去或未来提出建议。
1. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental
illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return.(“怀旧”一词最早出现于1688
年，被定义为一种士兵的精神疾病，他们会不断地想念自己的家园，渴望回归。)”可知，“怀旧”原意为
军人不断思念故土、渴望回归的一种心理疾病。故答案是：A mental illness of soldiers continually thinking
about their homeland and longing for return.
2. 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects
are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s
also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the
future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards.(在
许多科学实验中，研究人员发现，如果受试者以前听过某段音乐，他们更有可能从这段音乐中获得积极的
感觉。但也有越来越多的研究以“另一种方式”进行时间旅行，因为记忆技能也可以把人们带到未来。几十年的研究表明，穿越到未来可以带来一系列全新的回报。)”可知，研究人员发现时间旅行到过去和到未
来都会给我们带来好处。故答案是：They have found that time travel to the past and into the future both bring
benefits to us.
3. 考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段“When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash
forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.(当你在拖
延的时候，想象一下最终的结果。快进到看到扫地或文章写完了，用这些积极的形象来推动你行动起
来。)”可知，记忆力可以把我们带到未来，所以我们应该想象一个积极的最终结果来推动我们在拖延的时
候采取行动。故答案是：Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result
to drive us into action when procrastinating. Because we should use a positive end result to drive us into action
when procrastinating.
4. 开放性试题。(1) I often imagine myself attending my ideal university in September 2023 to cheer myself up.
Picturing myself wandering on the campus and enjoying the harvest in the golden autumn can give me the
motivation to overcome nervousness and stress at present with an optimistic attitude and in full gear.
(2) I recall the time of winning the first prize in a speech contest two years ago. Standing on the stage reaching out
for the prize, I was filled with pride. This experience serves as a constant source of encouragement and confidence
for me to keep working hard to improve myself.
(7)答案
1. He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
2. Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
3. Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are
limited.
According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of
time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
4. 言之有理即可。I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home
can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是虚拟病房的优点。
1. 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment
including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.(病情一稳定，他就带着手机和血压计等设备被送回家。)”可
知，他被送回家时带着包括电话和血压计在内的设备。故答案为He was sent home with equipment includinga phone and a blood pressure monitor.
2. 考查细节理解。根据第四段的“It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with
patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor(它的工作方式与医院的传统查房类
似，患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查)”可知，“区域指挥中心”和传统的查房的共同之处在于患
者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查。故答案为 Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed
by a doctor.
3. 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and
avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to
the health of older patients.(老年人希望尽可能少地住院，避免去医院，尤其是频繁的住院和长时间的住院会
损害老年患者的健康。)”可知，老年人希望少住院的原因是因为长时间住院不利于身体健康，而不是因为
医院的医疗资源有限，故答案为 Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because
medical resources in hospitals are limited. According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in
hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
4. 考查推理判断。言之有理即可。根据文章可知，我认为虚拟病房可以提高老年人的生活质量，因为在家
居住可以确保老年人吃得更好，也可参加正常的社交。故答案为I think virtual wards can improve the quality
of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social
interaction.
(8)答案
1. Losing once in a while is helpful in that it not only helps children build coping skills, but also helps them learn
what the real world is like.
2. Because they can learn to spot important information relevant to future success.
3. To help children learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from mere participation, participation prize
should not be awarded.
Because giving participation prize is helpful in that it is important for children to learn how to distinguish true
accomplishments from mere participation.
4. 开放题。言之有理即可。The example that I failed in the first driving test let me know the importance of safe
driving in reality. It also made me understand the true meaning of the saying that failure is the mother of success.
（38）
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家和儿童专家长期以来一直认为，偶尔的失败有助于孩子建立应对技能。
这也有助于他们了解现实世界是什么样的。文章讲述要让孩子从失败中来成就其成功的体验，如果我们不让孩子失败，他们就失去了拥有成功的机会。
1. 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Scientists and children experts have long said losing once in a while helps
children build coping skills. It also helps them learn what the real world is like.”（科学家和儿童专家长期以来一
直认为，偶尔的失败有助于孩子建立应对技能。这也有助于他们了解现实世界是什么样的。）可知，科学
家和儿童专家一直认为，偶尔的失败不但有助于孩子建立应对技能，也有助于他们了解现实世界是什么样
的。故答案为： Losing once in a while is helpful in that it not only helps children build coping skills, but also
helps them learn what the real world is like.
2. 考查推理判断。根据第二段中“The remaining children played another game in the controlled group. This
game was left to chance. They were more likely to find out the hidden objects if they listened carefully.”（其余的
孩子在对照组中玩另一个游戏。这场比赛就看运气了。如果他们仔细倾听，他们更有可能发现隐藏的物
体。）第三段“That means if you always let children win, they might not learn to spot important information
relevant to future success.”（这意味着如果你总是让孩子赢，他们可能不会学会发现与未来成功相关的重要
信息。）可知，当你总是让孩子赢，他们可能不会学会发现与未来成功相关的重要信息。而对于 controlled
group的孩子们而言，如果他们仔细倾听，他们更有可能发现隐藏的物体。所以他们对大人的选择没有偏
好。即因为他们可以学会发现与未来成功相关的重要信息。故答案为：Because they can learn to spot
important information relevant to future success.
3. 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Although giving participation prize isn’t necessarily harmful, it is
important for children to learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from mere participation.”（虽然颁发参与
奖并不一定是有害的，但对孩子们来说，学会如何区分真正的成就和单纯的参与是很重要的。）可知，对
孩子们来说，学会如何区分真正的成就和单纯的参与是很重要的，因而应该给孩子颁发参与奖。所以所给
出的句中应该把“not”删除掉。故答案为：To help children learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from
mere participation, participation prize should not be awarded. Because giving participation prize is helpful in that
it is important for children to learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from mere participation.
4. 开放题。言之有理即可。在第一次驾照考试中的失败，让我知道了在现实中安全驾驶的重要性。同时也
让我明白了俗语失败是成功之母的真正意义。故答案为：The example that I failed in the first driving test let
me know the importance of safe driving in reality. It also made me understand the true meaning of the saying that
failure is the mother of success.
