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专题 15 完形填空之句内层次题 3 大技巧解密
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 完形填空
【高考解密】
命题点 句内层次题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 完形填空中长难句应对策略
05创新好题·分层练主题 考查类型
名词 介词
试卷 年份 体裁 (短语) 形容词 副
语境 内容 (短 (短
动词 (短语) 词
语) 语)
人与
全国乙卷 2023 记叙文 完善自我 12 3 5 1 0
自我
人与
全国甲卷 2023 记叙文 人际交往 8 4 7 0 1
社会
新高考Ⅰ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 6 7 2 0 0
卷 社会
新高考Ⅱ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 7 3 4 1 0
卷 社会
人与
2022 说明文 人际关系 7 7 4 2 0
社会
人与
2021 夹叙夹议 人际交往 10 7 1 2 0
全国卷Ⅰ/ 社会
全国乙卷 人与
2020 夹叙夹议 完善自我 6 8 3 2 1
自我
人与
2019 记叙文 环境保护 8 7 4 1 0
自然
人与
2022 记叙文 人际交往 8 7 1 3 1
全国卷Ⅱ/ 社会
全国甲卷 人与
2021 记叙文 完善自我 10 5 4 1 0
自我人与
2020 记叙文 文化遗产 11 4 3 2 0
社会
人与
2019 记叙文 人际关系 9 5 3 2 1
社会
人与
2020 记叙文 社会关系 8 3 6 1 2
社会
全国卷Ⅲ
人与
2019 夹叙夹议 人与环境 9 4 5 2 0
自然
命题点
典例01
（2023年新高考I卷）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have
_ 21 .finished t he course earlier than she did. Her _ 22 .delay _ came because she was carrying a __23 .competitor __
across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her __24__ when a
runner in front of her began crying in pain.
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
【答案】A
【解析】本起可以利用原词复现解题。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时
候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根
据第一段的“ in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选
A。
典例02
（2022年新高考II卷）
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the petsthat are sometimes difficult to __ 28.please ___ .
27．A．plan B．explain C．compare D．complete
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安
排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”
指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。
典例03
(2021·天津3月卷)
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence.Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got __16__
when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September.But soon enough，his 17.emotions
took a turn.After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy
18.instead．
16．A.amazed B．mad
C．curious D．frightened
【分析】 本题可以利用同义词复现解题。根据下文的“After letting go of his anger and frustration”可知，
此处和“anger”“ frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。故选B。
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感
即可顺利选出答案。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前
后的一组意群之中，解题时需“瞻前顾后”，“综合意群信息”解答。即本句信息不足填，
空格前后再找信息源。
技巧1 利用词汇线索解题
词汇复现考点是完形填空的重要命题手段。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复
现以及结构复现等，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、
上义词、下义词和概括词等。
1.【2022·新高考I卷】
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we
___22___ along Chalk Creek.22. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
22. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C.
walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping
experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。
提醒：camping ---camped同一词复现
2. 【2022·新高考I卷】
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in
fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip. The ___29___ picked up and
thunder rolled.
29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D.
speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
提醒：storms--wind同义词复现
3. 【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
It might sound like one long, expensive vacation , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel
___23___ .
23．A．safe B．busy C．helpful D．affordable
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方
式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。
对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们
的旅行负担得起。故选D。
提醒：expensive--affordable反义词复现
4. 【2022·全国甲】
When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was thrilled that he was an
animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___ 4 6___ , the cat.
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
46. A虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。根据
上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指
作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。
提醒：Flora--Flora同一词复现
技巧2 根据词语惯用法和固定搭配作答完形填空习惯搭配考点是高考中的必考点。习惯搭配考点是完形填空的重要命题手段，每年高考都考。命
动词搭配
题形式以 为主兼顾其他词类及短语。所谓前后搭配主要是指动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭
配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有
助于我们做出正确选择。
1. 【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】But house sitting also offers a level of comfort they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like
____30____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
30．A．cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；
C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。
【提醒】这里重点不是考查动词的辨析，而是借助短语、语境判断选择正确的选项。动介短语stay at
2.【2022·全国高考乙】Their ___36___ to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if
you can see me, too.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
36. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我
才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下
文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
38. C考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C.
insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体
现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
【提醒】36 response to the questions名词和介词的固定搭配。意为：对这些问题的回答的反映。 37 insist
on动介短语
3.【2021·英语全国甲卷】That's when things went 29 “I remember walking down the long hall and
opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of apology to the 4-
star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went wild. They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33
at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was
a real mess.
29．A．far B．funny C．wrong D．blind33．A．wake up B．get out C．take off D．break in
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情就在这时出了问题。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失
常的；D. blind盲目的。此处go wrong是固定搭配，意为：出问题。故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。
A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生
活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
技巧3 根据常识及文化逻辑推理
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就
要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有
这样才能既快又准确地解题。
1.【2022·新高考 I 卷】We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there
____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我
们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根
据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无
法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
2.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rolled.
29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D.
speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this
25-year-old is doing it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping
everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an
unusual way to make their travel affordable.
22．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式
让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part of a new form of the sharing economy: an online group of house sitters.
Throughout their no-cost stays in strangers’ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s
___26___ .
26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、
给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets
and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___ 4 1___ was
nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪
伴；D. leadership领导。根据上文中的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. 多年
来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。
考向01 句内层次题
1.（2021年新高考I卷）
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing
(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was_50_ than it sounds.51. Slow
down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little more high- pressure
than I'd 52. expected.
50.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper
【答案】A
【解析】本题可以利用反义复现解题。尽管前文提到了“Our48. roles in the factory were simple",根据下文
中的“the cakes pile up""a little more high-pressure"可知，作者想表达实际上作者他们的工作并不像听上去那
么简单，harder与 simple构成反义复现。2.（2023年新高考I卷）“She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like
I was just doing the right thing.”
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D.
understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后
又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
完形填空中长难句应对策略
01较复杂单句的处理方法——找主、谓语，即找主干成分
However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not
designed to last past about 120 years.
02并列句的处理方法—— 找并列连词
Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than
delighted.
03主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t
unusual to hear a man say that he didn’t know that his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared
one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
04并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句
【2019年全国卷I】If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language,
you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect
at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with
them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing,
changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural
experiences.However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons
of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are
48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual
places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five
ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000
meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the
mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,
000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone
with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere
of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
2.长难句
1.However, I soon discovered that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of
rubbish.
整句译文：然而，我很快发现，自从大量垃圾集中营的令人不安的报道以来，情况发生了很大变化。
disturbing“令人烦扰的，令人不安的”。
Since引导一个时间状语从句，主句用完成时。
2. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the
space of a few kilometers.
整句译文：这种观点在乞力马扎罗山上尤为明显，因为登山者在几公里的空间内走五个生态系统。
evident“明显的”； go through“经历，穿过”。
本句as引导一个原因状语从句。
3. Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of
peace？
整句译文：力马扎罗是否配得上这座拥挤的山峰的名声，游客大排长龙破坏了和平的气氛？
deserve“应得，应受”; reputation“名声，名誉”;
with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace是with+宾语+宾补的复合结构，tourists与 ruin是主动关
系。
【答案】
41--45DCCBA 46--50CDCAB 51--55DABDA 46--60CBDAB
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里
的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这
里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不
应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
41.D【解析】考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来
了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
42.C【解析】考查名词辨析。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：
人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
43.C【解析】考查名词辨析。A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face外貌，表面；D. name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地
貌。故C选项切题。
44.B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. silent沉默的；B. skepetical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。
句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文
可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。
45. A【解析】考查动词辨析。A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：
然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的
变化。由“much has changed”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
46.C【解析】考查名词辨析。A. equipment装备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快
发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文
“at camps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
47.D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. tall高的；D. clean干净的。句意：
我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地
里和路边都有厕所，所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
48.C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。
句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很
多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
49.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off还清，报偿；B. spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D.
fading away逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回
报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故
A选项切题。
50.B【解析】考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere氛围；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D. sight视力。
句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
51.D【解析】考查动词辨析。A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded认为。句意：
山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space”可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视
为……。故D选项切题。
52.A【解析】考查名词辨析。A. view景色；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的。句意：在乞
力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以
景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。
53.B【解析】考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals当地人；D. officials官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。来到乞力马扎罗
都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
54.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. holding on to抓住；B. going back to回到（原来的话题）；C. living up
to达到，履行；D. giving way to向……让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片
的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。
故D选项切题。
55.A【解析】考查动词辨析。A. changes改变；B. clears放晴；C. improves提高；D. permits允许。句意：
再往上走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知，海拔变了，天气也是
不同的，是变化的。故A选项切题。
56.C【解析】考查动词辨析。A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add增加。句意：我从站的
地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
57.B【解析】考查名词辨析。A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠，荒地；C. road马路；D. lake湖。句意：海拔
4000米以上是高山荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave, stones and rocks”可知，海拔4000米以上是高山荒
漠。故B选项切题。
58.D【解析】考查副词辨析。A. Obviously明显地；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最
后地。句意：海拔4000米以上是高地荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是
冰川地区。故D选项切题。
59.A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的。
句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由
“arctic-like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
60.B【解析】考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受；B. deserve值得；C. save挽救；D. acquire获得。句意：乞力
马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质
疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰，以此在对后面的回答做
好铺垫。故B选项切题。
（2023上·山东·高三校联考阶段练习）In a village in Malawi, Africa, people faced constant drought and
poverty. A young boy named William Kamkwamba had a dream of bringing 46 to his village.
When famine (饥荒) came, William had to 47 school to help with farming. However, he keptreading books for the wonders of 48 and the endless possibilities it offered. 49 by his teacher’s
bicycle flashlight, he decided to build a large windmill (风车) to 50 the battery, and then use a water
pump to water the land so as to 51 solve the famine.
After many difficult conversations, his father finally chose to 52 his son and handed over the only
broken 53 to him. William used the wheels and also 54 the local junkyard for some 55
parts. He worked really hard every day. Due to 56 education and resources, it was a 57
challenge to turn bits of old materials into a working machine.
After countless 58 and failures, the boy’s windmill finally started 59 . Weeping with joy,
the boy and his father hugged tightly. This is the story of “The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind,” a story of hope,
strength, and the strong spirit of a young boy who changed people’s lives with the power of 60 .
46．A．wind B．water C．fortune D．chance
47．A．quit B．ignore C．attend D．enjoy
48．A．art B．history C．magic D．science
49．A．Amused B．Confused C．Inspired D．Annoyed
50．A．enhance B．charge C．preserve D．repair
51．A．barely B．hardly C．frequently D．completely
52．A．abandon B．support C．forgive D．distrust
53．A．bicycle B．radio C．car D．flashlight
54．A．bought B．exchanged C．searched D．skipped
55．A．old B．different C．unique D．spare
56．A．acquired B．limited C．adequate D．potential
57．A．complex B．simple C．financial D．tough
58．A．attempts B．successes C．discoveries D．achievements
59．A．floating B．sailing C．turning D．spreading
60．A．awareness B．fantasy C．harmony D．knowledge
【答案】46．B 47．A 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．D 52．B 53．A 54．C
55．D 56．B 57．D 58．A 59．C 60．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在非洲马拉维的一个村庄，一个名叫William Kamkwamba的男孩用
自己所学到的科学知识，为村里发明了可以给土地浇水的装置，从而彻底解决饥荒的故事。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个名叫William Kamkwamba的小男孩梦想着把水带到他的村庄。A. wind风；B. water水；C. fortune运气；D. chance机会。根据上文“In a village in Malawi, Africa, people faced
constant drought and poverty.(在非洲马拉维的一个村庄，人们面临着持续的干旱和贫困)”可知，村庄面临干
旱，男孩梦想着把水带到他的村庄。故选B。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当饥荒来临时，William不得不退学去帮忙种地。A. quit停止；B. ignore忽
视；C. attend参加；D. enjoy欣赏。根据后文“school to help with farming”可知，饥荒来临时，William不得
不退学去帮忙种地。故选A。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他为了科学的奇迹和它提供的无限可能性而继续读书。A. art艺术；
B. history历史；C. magic魔法；D. science科学。根据后文William利用科学解决了村里的饥荒问题，可知
是科学的奇迹。故选D。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到老师自行车手电筒的启发，他决定建造一个大型风车给电池充电，
然后用水泵给土地浇水，从而彻底解决饥荒。A. Amused被逗乐的；B. Confused困惑的；C. Inspired受鼓
舞的；D. Annoyed生气的。根据后文“by his teacher’s bicycle flashlight”可知，他的灵感来自于自行车手电
筒，即收到自行车手电筒的启发。故选C。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到老师自行车手电筒的启发，他决定建造一个大型风车给电池充电，然
后用水泵给土地浇水，从而彻底解决饥荒。A. enhance增强；B. charge负责，充电；C. preserve保护；D.
repair修理。根据后文“the battery, and then use a water pump to water”可知，风车给电池充电，然后用水泵
给土地浇水，故选B。
51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：受到老师自行车手电筒的启发，他决定建造一个大型风车给电池充电，然
后用水泵给土地浇水，从而彻底解决饥荒。A. barely几乎不；B. hardly几乎不；C. frequently频繁地；D.
completely彻底地，完全地。根据上文“a water pump to water the land so as to”可知，有了水泵给土地浇水，
就可以彻底解决饥荒。故选D。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几经周折，父亲最终还是选择了支持儿子，把唯一一辆坏掉的自行车交给
了他。A. abandon抛弃；B. support支持；C. forgive原谅；D. distrust不信任。根据后文“handed over the
only broken”父亲把自行车给了儿子，说明支持儿子。故选B。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几经周折，父亲最终还是选择了支持儿子，把唯一一辆坏掉的自行车交给
了他。A. bicycle自行车；B. radio电台；C. car汽车；D. flashlight闪光灯。根据上文“by his teacher’s
bicycle flashlight”可知，William需要自行车才能进行自己的发明，故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：William使用了车轮，还在当地的垃圾场寻找了一些备件。A. bought购买；
B. exchanged交换；C. searched搜索；D. skipped跳跃。根据后文“the local junkyard”指William搜索垃圾场
寻找需要的零件。故选C。55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：William使用了车轮，还在当地的垃圾场寻找了一些备件。A. old老的；
B. different不同的；C. unique独特的；D. spare备用的。根据后文“parts”可知，有了自行车，William还需
要其他的一些备件才能完成自己的发明。故选D。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于教育和资源有限，把一些旧材料改造成能工作的机器是一项艰巨的挑
战。A. acquired后天的；B. limited有限的；C. adequate足够的；D. potential潜在的。后文“challenge to
turn bits of old materials into a working machine”提到把一些旧材料改造成能工作的机器是一项艰巨的挑战，
是因为教育和资源有限，故选B。
57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于教育和资源有限，把一些旧材料改造成能工作的机器是一项艰巨的
挑战。A. complex复杂的；B. simple简单的；C. financial经济的；D. tough艰难的。上文提到教育和资源
有限，所以把一些旧材料改造成能工作的机器是一项艰巨的挑战。故选D。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过无数次的尝试和失败，这个男孩的风车终于开始转动了。A. attempts
尝试；B. successes成功；C. discoveries发现；D. achievements成就。根据后文“and failures”指男孩经过无
数次的尝试和失败。故选A。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过无数次的尝试和失败，这个男孩的风车终于开始转动了。A. floating
漂浮；B. sailing航行；C. turning转弯，转动；D. spreading传播。根据后文“Weeping with joy, the boy and
his father hugged tightly.(男孩和父亲紧紧地拥抱在一起，喜极而泣)”可知，这个男孩的风车终于开始转动了，
男孩和父亲都很高兴。故选C。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个关于“驾驭风的男孩”的故事，一个关于希望、力量和一个小男
孩的坚强精神的故事，他用知识的力量改变了人们的生活。A. awareness意识；B. fantasy幻想；C.
harmony和谐；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“education and resources”可知，男孩借助知识的力量改变了
人们的生活。故选D。
（2023上·山东德州·高三统考期中）The biggest risk I’ve ever taken was quitting my job and biking solo
across western China. I almost gave my parents a heart 61 when they found out what I was doing. But I
had already made a(an) 62 . Little did I know this would 63 the greatest experience of my life.
Before starting my trip in China, I had never 64 for more than two hours in one day. It was a huge 65
challenge, but I got stronger every day, and 66 , I could easily bike for eight hours each day.
One of the best parts of the whole experience was the people. Once I 67 a group of Chinese cyclists in
western China. They invited me to stay with them in the mountains in Yunnan, 68 fish over a lire with
wood we chopped ourselves. It felt like true 69 from the busy feeling of everyday life.
Another 70 of my journey was definitely the food. I got to taste local food in every place I went. Myfavorite was the 71 of Sichuan, a province known for its spicy flavors and interesting dishes. There are so
many different options!
Mostly each day, of course, I was 72 with nature. Throughout the rolling hills and the babbling
brooks, western China is home to some of the most amazing 73 in the world.
By the end of my journey, I wanted to keep going. I felt like I could do it 74 . It was truly an
experience I will never forget. If anyone has an interest in traveling, I would highly 75 going by bicycle!
61．A．rate B．attack C．test D．surgery
62．A．conclusion B．attempt C．decision D．outline
63．A．carry on B．take off C．make up D．turn into
64．A．biked B．driven C．traveled D．surfed
65．A．regional B．mental C．physical D．financial
66．A．eventually B．suddenly C．fortunately D．formally
67．A．rescued B．directed C．protected D．encountered
68．A．cooking B．catching C．washing D．eating
69．A．energy B．freedom C．concern D．fashion
70．A．choice B．invention C．highlight D．progress
71．A．material B．cuisine C．medicine D．music
72．A．alone B．wild C．safe D．empty
73．A．food B．scenery C．culture D．tradition
74．A．indeed B．otherwise C．forever D．instead
75．A．permit B．appreciate C．understand D．recommend
【答案】61．B 62．C 63．D 64．A 65．C 66．A 67．D 68．A 69．B
70．C 71．B 72．A 73．B 74．C 75．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经冒险辞掉工作，骑自行车独行穿越中国西部，这是
他人生中最大的冒险经历。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我父母发现我的所作所为时，差点被吓出心脏病。A. rate比率；B.
attack袭击、疾病侵袭；C. test测试；D. surgery手术。根据上文“The biggest risk I’ve ever taken was
quitting my job and biking solo across western China.(我冒过的最大的风险就是辞掉工作，独自骑自行车穿越
中国西部)”可知，作者做过的最冒险的事情就是辞职骑车穿越中国西部。由此可知，作者的父母得知这一
切时应该吓了一跳。故选B。62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我已经做了决定。A. conclusion结论；B. attempt试图；C. decision决
定；D. outline大纲、轮廓。根据上文内容“I almost gave my parents a heart 1 when they found out
what I was doing (当我父母发现我的所作所为时，差点被吓出心脏病)”可知，作者最终还是骑车穿越中国西
部，由此可知，此时作者已经做了决定。故选C。
63．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我一点也不知道这将成为我一生中最伟大的经历。A. carry on继续进
行、从事；B. take off脱去、起飞；C. make up组成、编造；D. turn into转变成。根据下文“the greatest
experience of my life.(这是我一生中最伟大的经历)”可知，作者当时还不知道这一决定成为了一生中最伟大
的经历。故选D。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在开始我的中国之旅之前，我从来没有一天骑自行车超过两个小时。A.
biked骑自行车；B. driven驾驶；C. traveled旅游；D. surfed浏览、冲浪。根据“biking solo across western
China”可知，作者之前每天骑自行车从没超过两个小时。故选A。
65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对身体是一个巨大的挑战，但我每天都变得更强壮，最终我可以轻松
地每天骑8个小时。A. regional地区的；B. mental金属的；C. physical身体的；D. financial金融的。根据
“Before starting my trip in China, I had never 4 for more than two hours in one day.(在开始我的中国之
旅之前，我从来没有一天骑自行车超过两个小时)”可知，作者之前每天骑自行车从没超过两个小时，而现
在作者打算骑车穿越中国西部，这对身体是一个巨大的挑战。故选C。
66．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这对身体是一个巨大的挑战，但我每天都变得更强壮，最终，我可以轻松
地每天骑8个小时。A. eventually最终；B. suddenly突然；C. fortunately幸运地；D. formally正式地。根据
上文“but I got stronger every day(但我每天都变得更强壮)”可知，骑行是一个慢慢进步的过程，而随着每天
都变得更强壮，最终，作者终于能每天骑8个小时。故选A。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我在中国西部遇到了一群骑自行车的中国人。A. rescued救援；B.
directed指挥；C. protected保护；D. encountered遭遇。根据 “They invited me to stay with them in the
mountains in Yunnan(他们邀请我和他们一起去云南的山区)”可知，这是作者在骑自行车过程中所遇到的人。
故选D。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们邀请我和他们一起住在云南的山上，用我们自己砍的木头在火上烹饪
鱼。A. cooking烹饪；B. catching抓到；C. washing洗；D. eating吃。根据空后“fish over a fire with wood
we chopped ourselves(在火上用我们自己砍的木头钓鱼)”可知，空处指的是用自己砍的木头在火上烹饪鱼。
故选A。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这感觉就像从日常生活的忙碌中获得了真正的自由。A. energy能量；B.
freedom自由；C. concern关注；D. fashion时尚。根据空后的“from the busy feeling of everyday life(从日常生活的忙碌中)”可推测，作者此时的感觉就像从忙碌中获得了真正的自由。故选B。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我旅行的另一个亮点绝对是食物。A. choice选择；B. invention发明；C.
highlight精彩部分；D. progress进步。根据 “One of the best parts of the whole experience was the people.(整
个经历中最棒的部分之一就是那里的人)”可知，此处指的是旅行中遇到的美好的另一精彩部分。故选C。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最喜欢的是川菜。A. material材料；B. cuisine佳肴；C. medicine药物；
D. music音乐。根据上文“Another 1 0 of my journey was definitely the food. I got to taste local food in
every place I went.(我旅行的另一个亮点绝对是食物，我每到一个地方都能品尝到当地的食物)”可知，本段
指的是佳肴，由此可知，空处指的是川菜。故选B。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，我是独自面对大自然的。A. alone单独的；B. wild野外的；C.
safe安全的；D. empty空的。根据第一段“The biggest risk I’ve ever taken was quitting my job and biking solo
across western China.(我冒过的最大的风险就是辞掉工作，独自骑自行车穿越中国西部)”可知，作者是独自
骑行，作者是独自面对大自然。故选A。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在连绵起伏的群山和潺潺的小溪中，中国西部拥有世界上最令惊叹的风景。
A. food食物；B. scenery风景；C. culture文化；D. tradition传统。根据上文“Throughout the rolling hills and
the babbling brooks(穿过起伏的山丘和潺潺的小溪)”可知，此处作者所指的是中国西部的风景。故选B。
74．考查副词词义辨析。句意:我觉得我可以永远做下去。A. indeed确实；B. otherwise否则；C. forever永
远；D. instead反而。根据上文“By the end of my journey, I wanted to keep going.(在我的旅程结束时，我想
继续前进)”可知，作者还想继续这样骑行，由此可知，空处指的是作者可以永远做这件事。故选C。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我强烈建议骑自行车去旅行。A. permit许可；B. appreciate欣赏、感激；C.
understand理解；D. recommend推荐。根据上文“If anyone has an interest in traveling(如果有人对旅游感兴
趣)”可知，作者推荐对旅游感兴趣的人去骑自行车。故选D。
（2024上·上海青浦·高三统考期末）I’m pretty good at sticking with things even when they get hard. Bad
relationships, unpleasant workplaces, 46 sports — I’ve hung on for months and even years longer than I
should have, convinced the situation would 47 if I refused to give up.
After all, isn’t every success story littered with 48 ? Didn’t Beyoncé lose Star Search, and didn’t Oprah
get fired from her first TV job? Quitting is a sign that you lack patience and strong will, or so I was raised to
believe.
49 , if I look back on all the things I eventually quit, my only regret is that I didn’t do it sooner. I’ve
wasted immeasurable time and energy dragging my heels, determined that I could 50 everyone if I just kept
going.All of us are constantly making tricky choices between going further into familiar territory and 51 to
expand our horizons. This is known as the exploration-exploitation trade-off. When we are younger, it’s
advantageous to go far on the side of exploration, trying lots of new things because we have plenty of time to 52
later. But as we age, it’s often smarter to double down.
Of course, this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t quit something just because you’ve put a lot of time into it.
Economists call this the sunk cost fallacy (谬误): People are more likely to 53 something if they’ve
invested a lot of money or effort into it, even when it’s clear that they should 54 their losses and jump ship.
This practice is normal and 55 , but it’s also unreasonable. If an activity or relationship is making you
miserable, that’s important information you shouldn’t ignore.
If you don’t get energy out of doing something, it can be a(n) 56 that this is not for you or that there’s
something better you could be doing. Or it could be a sign that you should 57 your goals. Maybe your
yogurt startup might not win over investors, but you could still make and sell yogurt at the farmers’ market on
weekends.
In fact, dogged persistence in the face of energy-sucking disappointment can 58 depression, and then
make you suffer from diseases in the long run.
But the good news is that people can learn to pay better attention to these moments when they’re happening
and make 59 . The art of quitting isn’t about just letting go whenever there’s an obstacle. It’s about being
able to let go when there’s no 60 to success anymore.
46．A．engaging B．demanding C．inevitable D．leisure
47．A．worsen B．occur C．improve D．continue
48．A．frustrations B．determinations C．attempts D．inspirations
49．A．Therefore B．Additionally C．For example D．However
50．A．amaze B．scare C．distress D．compliment
51．A．breaking up B．looking up C．standing up D．backing up
52．A．venture B．specialize C．explore D．relax
53．A．benefit from B．approve of C．stick with D．withdraw from
54．A．evaluate B．avoid C．overlook D．cut
55．A．human B．crazy C．sensible D．tricky
56．A．indication B．desire C．occasion D．recognition
57．A．accomplish B．upgrade C．modify D．maintain58．A．prevent B．trigger C．relieve D．contract
59．A．researches B．choices C．changes D．resolutions
60．A．shortcut B．barrier C．guarantee D．pathway
【答案】46．B 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．A 51．D 52．B 53．C 54．D
55．A 56．A 57．C 58．B 59．C 60．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要论证如果人们在某件事上投入了大量的金钱或精力，即使很明
显他们应该减少损失，及时停止，但他们还要坚持下去。作者告诉我们要学会调整目标，及时止损。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：糟糕的人际关系，令人不快的工作场所，苛刻的运动——我坚持了几个
月甚至几年，比我应该坚持的时间更长，我确信如果我拒绝放弃，情况会有所改善。A. engaging有趣的；
B. demanding要求高的，苛刻的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. leisure闲暇的 。根据上文的“Bad
relationships, unpleasant workplaces”可知，作者描述生活中的消极现象，所以是苛刻的运动。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：糟糕的人际关系，令人不快的工作场所，苛刻的运动——我坚持了几个月
甚至几年，比我应该坚持的时间更长，我确信如果我拒绝放弃，情况会有所改善。A. worsen恶化；B.
occur发生；C. improve改善；D. continue继续。根据下文的“if I refused to give up”可知，作者认为如果不
放弃，情况就会改善。故选C项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，不是每个成功的故事都充满了挫折吗？A. frustrations沮丧；挫败；
B. determinations决心；C. attempts尝试；D. inspirations给与灵感的人或物。根据下文“Didn’t Beyoncé lose
Star Search, and didn’t Oprah get fired from her first TV job?”可知，成功都充满挫折。故选A项。
49．考查副词词义和短语辨析。句意：然而，如果我回顾我最终放弃的所有事情，我唯一的遗憾是我没有
早点放弃。A. Therefore然而；B. Additionally另外；C. For example例如；D. However然而。结合句意可知，
本句与上文是转折关系。故选D项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拖着脚步浪费了不可估量的时间和精力，坚定地认为如果我继续前进，
我会让所有人感到惊讶。A. amaze使惊讶；B. scare吓唬；C. distress使苦恼；D. compliment赞美。根据下
文“if I just kept going”可知，作者最初认为如果一直坚持，就会取得成功，会让每一个人吃惊。故选A项。
51．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们所有人都在不断做出艰难的选择，要么深入熟悉的领域，要么后
退以扩大视野。A. breaking up关系破裂；B. looking up查阅；C. standing up起立；D. backing up后退。根
据上文的“going further ”可知，我们在前进和后退中做艰难的选择。故选D项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们年轻的时候，在探索方面走得更远，尝试很多新事物是有利的，因
为我们以后有足够的时间去专门研究。A. venture冒险；B. specialize专门研究；C. explore探索；D. relax放松。根据上文的“When we are younger, it’s advantageous to go far on the side of exploration, trying lots of
new things ”可知，年轻时我们要多探索，因为之后我们有时间去专门研究。故选B项。
53．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果人们在某件事上投入了大量的金钱或精力，即使很明显他们应该
减少损失并离船、跳槽，他们也更有可能坚持下去。A. benefit from从……中受益；B. approve of批准；C.
stick with坚持；D. withdraw from退出。根据上文“this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t quit something just
because you’ve put a lot of time into it.”可知，人们因为自己投入的多，所以不愿放弃，更有可能会坚持下去。
故选C项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们在某件事上投入了大量的金钱或精力，即使很明显他们应该减少
损失并离船、跳槽，他们也更有可能坚持下去。A. evaluate评价；B. avoid避免；C. overlook忽视；D. cut
削减。根据上文“Economists call this the sunk cost fallacy”可知，人们应该减少损
失，及时止损。故选D项。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种做法是正常和人性化的，但也不合理。A. human人性化的；B.
crazy疯狂的；C. sensible明智的；D. tricky棘手的。根据上文“People are more likely to ____8_____
something if they’ve invested a lot of money or effort into it, even when it’s clear that they should ____9_____
their losses and jump ship ”可知，人们因为投入的多，所以不愿放弃，这是人之常情。故选A项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你没有从做某事中获得能量，这可能表明这不适合你，或者你可以做
一些更好的事情。A. indication表明，暗示；B. desire欲望；C. occasion场合；D. recognition识别。根据下
文的“Or it could be a sign that ”可知，这是一个暗示。故选A项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者这可能是一个迹象，表明你应该修改你的目标。A. accomplish完成；
B. upgrade升级；C. modify修改；D. maintain保持。根据上文“If you don’t get energy out of doing
something ”可知，如果你没有从做某事中获得能量，就应该去修改你的目标。故选C项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，面对消耗能量的失望，顽强的坚持会引发抑郁，从长远来看，还
会让你患上疾病。A. prevent阻止；B. trigger触发；C. relieve解除；D. contract缩小。根据下文
“depression, and then make you suffer from diseases in the long run.”可知，这种坚持会引起抑郁，并节日导
致疾病。故选B项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但好消息是，人们可以学会更好地关注这些正在发生的时刻，并做出改变。
A. researches研究；B. choices选择；C.changes改变；D. resolutions决心。根据上文的“Or it could be a sign
that you should ____12____ your goals”可知，人们可以做出改变。故选C项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是在没有成功的通道时能够放手。A. shortcut捷径；B. barrier障碍；
C. guarantee保证；D. pathway途径。根据句意以及全文内容可知，在没有通向成功的道路时，人们应该学会放手。故选D项。
