文档内容
第 3 讲 说明文
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等
进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其
语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空
往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作
者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
解题要领 内容解读
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面
明确说明对象，理清
对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重
段落关系。
点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解
说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章
的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如
弄清说明顺序，把握
因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由
作者态度。
浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者
思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握
作者的写作情感和意图。
(2022·全国乙改编)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them，there’s
something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be
seen.
But we witness preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding.They often cover only
their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are
hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our surprising research results in child
developmental psychology 5 that idea.
We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 6 sat
down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 7 .We then asked the child if she could 8
or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t.A number of 9 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The
results were clear：Our young subjects 10 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of
them.Their 11 to the questions reflected their true 12 that “I can see you only if you
can see me，too.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our 14
suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it’s not a result of
egocentrism.Actually children consider this method 15 when others use it.
1．A.following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
2．A.clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
3．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
4．A.supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
5．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
6．A.parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
7．A.feet B．nose
C．hands D．ears
8．A.see B．help
C．reach D．fool
9．A.instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
10．A.comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
11．A.responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
12．A.ability B．belief
C．identity D．purpose
13．A.hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
14．A.limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
15．A.tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective文本整体感知
体裁 说明文
通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义
中心思想
的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认与尊重。
young children，hide and seek，cover，exposed，contradicted that idea，
写作要素
experiments，results，mutual recognition，effective
写作目的 文章展现的主题语境为“人与自我”，主题语境内容为“认识自我”
技法七 依常识，定答案
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生
在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大
大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
(1)生活常识
真题体验1 (2019·全国Ⅰ)
Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 ：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.58.Finally you
climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
57．A.village B．desert
C．road D．lake
59．A.permanent B．little
C．fresh D．artificial
真题体验2 (2021·全国乙)
One afternoon，while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was
46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous， 47 the emergency
medical team and good teamwork.
47．A.assessing B．requiring
C．forming D．proving
(2)文化背景
真题体验3 (天津)
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was
Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was
filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words
flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17．A.member B．actress
C．player D．character
技法八 破难句，解句意
完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就
要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。第1、4、14题便是长难句。
真题体验 (2021·天津3月)
For Pruitt，a keen bicyclist，the first thing to do was 19.replace his stolen bike.But when he
went bike shopping，he found few available，which got him thinking：What if the 20 of
bikes was COVID-19 related，and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21
to get to work?
20．A.lack B．variety
C．increase D．quality
21．A.instruction B．qualification
C．transportation D．permission
(2022·湖南二模)
Changsha，capital of central China’s Hunan Province，is 1 itself into the country’s
leading center of 2 manufacturing.The city’s cluster of engineering machinery companies
has been included in China’s first list of 15 sophisticated manufacturing clusters.
In recent years，Changsha has 3 promoted the high-quality development of its
manufacturing industry ， improved the sector’ s comprehensive strength and optimized its
industrial 4 .The city has continuously 5 its innovation capacity and seen a 6 of
major innovation outcomes.It has also promoted the extensive application of information
technologies in industrialization，making its 7 manufacturing a 8 .
“As a 9 in building the cluster of engineering machinery companies，the Changsha
Construction Machinery Industry Association encouraged companies to 10 over 220 new
products and technologies，among which five products are the first of their kind in China and even
the world，breaking technological 11 ，” said Wu Jingsheng，executive vice president of
the association.
The association also 12 in the second Changsha International Construction Equipment
Exhibition held in Changsha and organized five themed forums.It also took part in the first China
Construction Machinery Leasing Conference held in the city，which attracted over 1,500 leasing
companies for offline activities and over 20,000 enterprises for 13 activities.
“Changsha will build itself into a leading advanced manufacturing cluster in China and 14
an example in this regard，so as to drive 15 industrial development in the Changsha-
Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area and the rest of Hunan Province，” said Kang Xiaoping，
director of the Changsha municipal industry and information technology bureau.
1．A.transforming B．reforming
C．catering D．devoting
2．A.industrial B．majorC．advanced D．apical
3．A.randomly B．vigorously
C．casually D．frequently
4．A.pattern B．standard
C．design D．prospect
5．A.adjusted B．renewed
C．enhanced D．accelerated
6．A.discovery B．tendency
C．revision D．stream
7．A.unmanned B．sensitive
C．special D．intelligent
8．A.helping hand B．calling card
C．growing trend D．pulling arm
9．A.tutor B．pioneer
C．follower D．core
10．A.put up B．set off
C．roll out D．look into
11．A.steppingstones B．bottlenecks
C．drawbacks D．ties
12．A.participated B．appeared
C．directed D．starred
13．A.other B．online
C．relevant D．face-to-face
14．A.build up B．turn to
C．set up D．beat down
15．A.coordinated B．decentralized
C．prosperous D．healthy
