文档内容
第 3 讲 题型突破——主旨大意题
思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而主旨大意题较好地反映了学生的思维品
质。主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段
落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既
考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、
文章大意题和段落大意题。
选项特征
技法一 标题归纳题
——“高度概括”定标题
记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。
设问方式
1．What is the best title for the text?
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
3．What can be a suitable title for the text?
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
此类试题的解题流程如下：(2022·浙江1月·C)
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the
ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be
nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life—and if they did，it came on
a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr Helena Hörder ， of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden ，
said ： “ These findings are exciting because it’ s possible that improving people’ s
cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing
dementia.”
For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were
tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was
measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or
higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness
level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health
problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During
that time,44 of the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed
dementia，compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the
women with low fitness.
“However，this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and
dementia，it only shows an association，” said Hörder.“More research is needed to see if
improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at whenduring a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small
number of women were studied，all of whom were from Sweden，so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness
技法二 文章大意题
——“主题句定位”寻主旨
说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题，如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普
说明类，都会考查文章大意类题目。
设问方式
1．What is the text mainly about?
2．What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
3．What does the passage focus on?
此类试题的解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·C)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica，she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo
penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle，lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-
started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood，Ginni，now 71，has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her
career(职业) as a professional dancer，she toured in the UK，but always longed to explore
further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was
time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts，Ginni began to travel the
world，eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile shediscovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off
Tierra del Fuego，the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted
to go，” she says.“I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous.I just wanted
to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008，Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before，to begin
the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole
experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni
says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some
prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was
making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land，to be respected by humans，was one of the
biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
技法三 段落大意题
——首尾兼顾知段意
段落大意题常在说明文和议论文中考查。文章的每一个段落都要围绕一个特定的主题按
照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一定的规律性。相对于标题类试题和文章大
意类试题，段落大意类试题考查频率较低。
设问方式
1．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about...?
3．In the last paragraph，the author mainly tells us .
4．Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph?
5．The third paragraph mainly tells us that .
此类试题的解题流程如下：(2022·全国甲·D片段)
Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia.The city
discovered its harbor.Then，one after another，Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort
of there—broad parks，superb beaches，and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor
that makes the city.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Sydney’s striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney’s development.
D．Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
A
(原创题) 选自：Scientific American
Humans are not the only animals that bear divorce；some birds go through it as well.A recent
study reveals why members of one such species，the Eurasian blue tit，sometimes break their
bond.
When ornithologists(鸟类学家) refer to “divorce”，they mean that both members of a
breeding pair survive to the following breeding season but end up pairing with new partners rather
than reuniting.Great blue herons divorce after every breeding season，and emperor penguins split
up around 85 percent of the time.In contrast，just 9 percent of mallard duck pairs call it quits，and
albatrosses almost never break up.Many researchers have focused on understanding how these
separations affect reproductive success，but until now few have focused on the process itself.
Behavioral ecologist Carol Gilsenan of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany
and her colleagues monitored hundreds of Eurasian blue tits for eight years，using artificial nest
boxes in a protected forest in southern Germany.In their findings ， published in Animal
Behaviour,64 percent of breeding pairs split up during the study—even though faithful pairs
produced more eggs and reared more fledglings(幼鸟)．If both members of a pair returned to their
previous territory around the same time，they were more likely to reunite；if they were on
different schedules，they were more likely to separate.
“If you turn up early，you can’t afford to wait around，”Gilsenan says.“It could be that
your former mate is injured or even dead.If you wait，you may forgo a breeding opportunity，so
you need to pair up.”Adult death rate in blue tits is extremely high—around 50 percent—so thebird that returns first is more likely to breed again by finding a new partner rather than risk being
left out entirely.The birds seem to be simply playing the odds.
The researchers also discovered that if pairs maintained contact outside the breeding season，
they were more likely to have synchronized schedules and therefore to remain faithful to each
other.
Josh A．Firth，a zoologist at the University of Oxford，who was not involved with the
study，says this analysis apparently rules out a number of other possible causes of bird divorce，
including low reproductive success rates，infidelity，and genetic or behavioral compatibility.“In
wild animal populations，” he says，“divorce can be driven by consequential effects—almost
accidentally.”
1．Which birds of the following are faithful to their former partner?
A．Great blue herons. B．Emperor penguins.
C．Mallard ducks. D．Albatrosses.
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The result of Carol Gilsenan’s findings.
B．The reason why some birds will find a new partner.
C．The number of birds that pair with new partners.
D．The kinds of birds that bear divorce.
3．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Birds Break Up
B．Birds
C．Animals
D．Human and Nature
4．In which of the following would this passage most likely be found?
A．Science fiction. B．Newspaper.
C．Magazine. D．Website.
B
(2022·浙江七彩联盟联考)
Forgiveness is important in children and adults for restoring relationships and limiting future
conflicts.A recent study suggests that teaching children to understand other people’s perspectives
could make it easier for them to learn how to forgive other people.The study also found that
teaching children to make sincere apologies can help them receive forgiveness from others.
Mulvey，an associate professor of psychology at North Carolina State University，led the
study.Her team enlisted 185 children，aged between 5 and 14，in the study.Researchers conducted
in an interview with each child that collected background information and assessed the child’s
“theory of mind” skills.Theory of mind is your ability to understand that someone else’sbeliefs，intentions and desires are different from your own.
Researchers then led each child through a series of scenarios(设想情况) involving other
children who are “in-group” and “out-group”．Specifically，each participant was told they
were part of a group，such as the green team.During interviews，researchers described some
children as also being on the green team(making them in-group)，while other children were on the
yellow team(making them out-group)．In each scenario，interviewers asked study participants
whether they were willing to forgive a group that left them out of a game or activity.
There were three main findings.First，children are more likely to forgive someone if he/she
has apologized.Second，children are more likely to forgive people who are “in-group”．
Third，the more advanced a child’s theory of mind skills are，the more likely they are to forgive
others.
The researchers identified two things that parents and teachers may want to focus on related to
forgiveness.One is helping kids understand how important it is to apologize in a meaningful
way.The second focus area is helping kids understand the perspectives of other people，even if
they are different from you.
Mulvey says，“One of the biggest implications of our study is that teachers and parents need
to actively help children cultivate theory of mind skills，which will aid them in navigating a
diverse and complex world in the future.”
5．What do we know about the study participants?
A．They were divided into two groups based on the age.
B．They needed to offer some of their personal information.
C．They had to fill in a questionnaire about real-life situations.
D．They took part in a game or activity before each interview.
6．According to the study，children are more likely to forgive others.
A．from higher social backgrounds
B．having the habit of apologizing
C．with better theory of mind skills
D．belonging to a different group
7．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The possible effect of the study.
B．The limitation of the study.
C．The theoretical basis of the study.
D．The focus of future studies.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Forgiveness Helps Children to Limit Future Conflicts
B．Forgiveness：What Should Teachers and Parents Focus on?
C．Study Outlines Ways to Help Children Learn ForgivenessD．Are You Willing to Forgive Others or Receive Forgiveness?
