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第 2 讲 题型突破——推理判断题
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，
作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题主要考查
考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的逻辑推理能力。它所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，
要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深
层含义。根据近几年高考真题来看，推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度为高频考点，而推
断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象为低频考点。
选项特征
技法一 隐含推断题
——关键词句细推敲
隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身
份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握
文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六
个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结
论)和assume(假定，设想)。
设问方式
1．What can we infer from...？/What can be inferred about...?
2．What can we learn about...？/What do we know about...?
3．Which of the following best describes...?
解此类试题常用“推敲关键词句”法。解题流程如下：(2022·全国甲·D片段)
Everywhere in Sydney these days，change and progress are the watchwords(口号)，and
traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s official historian，told me that in its
rush to modernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much of its past，including many of its finest
buildings.“Sydney is confused about itself，” she said.“We can’t seem to make up our minds
whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any
better at resolving(解决)．”
On the other hand，being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this
when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack
culture in this country，” he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians，when they came
to Australia，brought 2,000 years of their culture，the Greeks some 3,000 years，and the Chinese
more still.We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a
young country.It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right，but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
34．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A．It is losing its traditions.
B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population.
D．It is becoming more international.
35．Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
技法二 观点态度题
——“忠于措辞”定选项
所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、
悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推
断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。
设问方式
1．Why did the author like to...？/What does the author think of...？/Why does the author
mention...?
2．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to... ？/Which of the following best
describes...?
3．What is the author’s attitude to...?
解此类试题常用“忠于措辞”法。解题流程如下：
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段)
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support ， the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视)
on emotion by employers，educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the
functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
34．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
技法三 写作意图题
——文体特点推意图
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求
考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
设问方式
1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：
(1)The author writes this passage in order to .
(2)The purpose of the text is to .
(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?
(4)The author of the story wants/intends to tell us that .
2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：
(1)The author uses...in the first paragraph to .
(2)The author uses the example of...to .
(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .
(4)In writing paragraph 1，the author aims to .
解此类试题常用“文体特点推意图”法。解题流程如下：
(2020·天津·D片段)
After years of observing human nature，I have decided that two qualities make the difference
between men of great achievement and men of average performance：curiosity and discontent.I
have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average manwho had both.The two belong together.
Together，these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.Galileo was
not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa
and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo，all the great names in history were curious and
asked in discontent，“Why? Why? Why？”
Fortunately，curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and
need only recapture them.
“The great man，”said Mencius(孟子)，“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”Yet
most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the
crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own
little corner，to avoid foolish leaps into the dark，to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people，and new ideas，with hesitation.But once having met and liked
them，we think how terrible it would have been，had we missed the chance.We will probably
have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start？Modestly，so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who
couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.Now she
is one of the experts，writing books on flower arrangement.
...
However you start，remember there is no better time to start than right now，for you’ll
never be more alive than you are at this moment.
51．In writing paragraph 1，the author aims to .
A．propose a definition
B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion
D．present an argument
技法四 文章出处题/读者对象题
——内容细节巧判断
文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或
类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。
设问方式
1．Where can the text be found?
2．Where is this text most likely from?
3．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
4．Who may the text be intended for?
5．Who is the passage mainly written for?
6．Who are the most possible readers of the passage?
解此类试题常用“内容细节巧判断”法。解题流程如下：(2021·全国甲·A片段)
Take a view，the Landscape(风景) Photographer of the Year Award，was the idea of Charlie
Waite，one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.Each year，the high standard of
entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography
of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all
corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter ...
Cumbria，England
Timothy Smith(2014)
Macclesfield Forest ...
Cheshire，England
23.Where can the text be found?
A．In a history book. B．In a novel.
C．In an art magazine. D．In a biography.
A
(2022·T8联考)
Have you ever spent half an hour searching the Internet which，as you find out afterwards，
lasted three hours，or opened a book shortly after breakfast and a little while later noticed that theroom was getting darker?
Most people can remember experiencing such a state.Your mind wasn’t wandering；you
were totally focused and concentrated on that activity，to such an extent that you were not even
aware of yourself.Psychologists call these fully absorbing experiences flow states，which were
discovered and named by a world-famous psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.His celebrated
book Flow：The Psychology of Happiness became an instant best-seller，making its way to the
top self-help classics.
The state of flow happens under very specific conditions—when we encounter a challenge that
is testing for our skills，and yet our skills and capacities are such that it is just about possible to
meet this challenge.So both the challenge and the skills are at high levels，stretching us almost to
the limit.If challenges exceed skills，one can become anxious.If skills exceed challenges，we
usually become bored.Neither of these two cases result in flow.
What is also interesting in flow is the almost total absence of emotions during the actual
process.One seems to be almost beyond experiencing emotions，most likely because the awareness
of self is not present.Mihaly himself is also very much aware of the potential negative impact of the
flow.One philosopher once describes his own experience of flow：“When I get totally involved in
the conversation ， I am not aware of myself ， the world around or the passage of
time.Sometimes，I may become addicted to that existence，unwilling to cope with other daily
routines of life，like forgetting dinner，and saying goodbye to my children.”
1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To offer a general background of the topic.
B．To make an overall outline for the passage.
C．To introduce the topic of the passage.
D．To clarify the definition of the topic.
2．In which of the following experiences can we enter “flow state”？
A．Adopting a dog.
B．Watching TV.
C．Playing chess.
D．Arguing with others.
3．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．The state of flow is little conditional.
B．Geniuses at normal schools often get bored.
C．Challenges at high levels push us to the limit.
D．Skills play the most important part in flow.
4．Why does the writer quote the philosopher’s words?
A．To show the drawbacks of the flow.
B．To stress the value of self-awareness.C．To underline the absence of emotions.
D．To indicate the difficulty of enjoying the flow.
B
The South Pole has been warming at more than three times the global average over the past 30
years，according to research led by Ohio University professor Ryan Fogt，and Kyle Clem，who
is a current postdoctoral research fellow in climate science.According to the study，this warming
period was mainly driven by natural tropical(热带的) climate variability and was most likely
strengthened by increases in greenhouse gases.
Clem and his team analyzed weather station data at the South Pole，as well as climate models
to examine the warming in the Antarctic interior(内陆)．They found that between 1989 and
2018，the South Pole had warmed by about 1.8℃ over the past 30 years at a rate of ＋0.6℃ per
decade—three times the global average.
The study also found that the strong warming over the Antarctic interior in the last 30 years
was mainly driven by the tropics，especially warm ocean temperatures in the western tropical
Pacific Ocean that changed the winds in the South Atlantic near Antarctica and increased the
delivery of warm air to the South Pole.They suggest these atmospheric changes along Antarctica’s
coast are an important mechanism driving climate anomalies(异常事物) in its interior.
Clem and Fogt argue that these warming trends were unlikely the result of natural climate
change alone，stressing the effects of added warming related to human activities on top of the
large tropical climate signal on Antarctic climate have worked together to make this one of the
strongest warming trends worldwide.
“From the very beginning ，Kyle and I worked very well together and were able to
accomplish more as a team than we were individually，”Fogt said.“We have published every
year together since 2013，with one of our continuing collaborations being the annual State of the
Climate reports.Our work on this project together each year ultimately led to this publication
documenting the warming at the South Pole.However，most importantly for my family and me，
apart from being a fantastic scientist and collaborator，Kyle is also considered as one of our
closest friends.”
5．What is the major cause of the South Pole’s warming according to the research?
A．The weather station.
B．Lack of winds.
C．Increases of greenhouse gases.
D．Natural tropical climate change.
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The tropical climate signals in the Antarctic interior.
B．The effect of human activities on the warming trends.
C．The detailed explanation for the South Pole’s warming.D．The unpleasant consequences of natural climate change.
7．Which of the following does Fogt most probably agree on?
A．Cooperation is valued in scientific research.
B．Getting science paper published is difficult.
C．Friendship is more important than science.
D．Family support plays a key role in science.
8．From which is the text most probably taken?
A．A chemistry textbook.
B．A science magazine.
C．A travel brochure.
D．A science novel.
