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专题 05 依设空位置定思考方向
聚焦高考·明晰考向
阅读七选五题型实质上就是句子复位题，解答此类题型最快捷实用的解题步骤是先定性，再定位。先
定性，即先初读文章，根据空处的位置及文意初步判定空处的句子是主题句、结论句还是过渡句或细节句；
再定位，即再精读文章，根据上下文语意关系和逻辑关系确定选哪一个选项。
命题考点 设空位置
考试 试卷 考查体 主题 篇章
文章话题 主旨 过渡 细节 段 段 段
年份 名称 裁 语境 词数
句 句 句 首 中 尾
全国 人与 外出用餐 230
说明文 0 2 3 1 3 1
甲卷 社会 礼仪 ＋94
2022 维持远距
全国 人与 222
说明文 离友谊的 1 2 2 3 1 1
乙卷 社会 ＋83
方法
如何进行
全国 人与 246
说明文 旧衣物交 1 1 3 1 4 0
甲卷 自然 ＋42
换
2021 在宴会上
全国 人与 如何让自 238
说明文 1 1 3 2 2 1
乙卷 社会 己变得有 ＋75
趣
接纳自我
全国 人与 240
说明文 的四条建 1 2 2 1 3 1
Ⅰ卷 自我 ＋34
议
表情符号
2020 全国 人与 204
说明文 在工作中 1 1 3 1 4 0
Ⅱ卷 社会 ＋64
的作用
全国 人与 248
说明文 乔迁聚会 2 1 2 2 2 1
Ⅲ卷 社会 ＋79
命题规律·专家指津通法悟道·有章可循
句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式，
正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空上下文的提示作用来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。本讲主要是从设空位
置及所承担的语意关系层面来讲解做题技法，使学生做题时灵活运用解题技法，游刃有余地解答阅读七选
五。
一、设空在段首——“段落主题”“承上启下”
若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词-
ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括
性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。
技巧(一) 把握形似，确定段落标题句
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考) 解析 本题考查对段落小标题的选择。根据
·__34__ 下文内容可知，学习虽然花费很多时间，但
You would think learning takes more time from 实际上总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做一个积极的学习者。由此
you, but actually there are always new ways of
可知，B项(做一个积极的学习者)能够概括
doing things that can save you time on daily
段落主旨。
tasks, freeing you up for the most important.
自主解答 __B__
Always be looking for a new way to gain back
【方法总结】
an hour here or there.
A．Speed up.
B.Be an active learner.
C.Stop trying to balance time between them all.
技巧(二) 根据一致，确定段落主题句
【典例】 (2021·全国乙卷)
__36__， if you're out of your comfort zone or 解析 本题考查段落主题句。根据下文可
if you're wandering into somebody's house for 知，本段主要谈论走出自己的舒适区，或者
the first time.So the main thing is just to show 第一次走进别人的家里，敢于冒险，去品尝
up and be adventurous, trying different foods 不同的食物，并和陌生人交谈。故B项(第一
and talking to strangers. 步是去探索)符合语境。
A．How do you know the host 自主解答 __B__
B.The first step is to go exploring 【方法总结】
C.If you ask the question “How did you get
here？”
D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations
with strangers
E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where
they have little to say
技巧(三) 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
解析 根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很
Parisians are different from you and me.They
可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可
never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in
知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的
this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great
一个原因是他们的食物美味，本段继续说法
food and never gain
国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂
weight.38.The_food_is_so_delicious_that_you_
贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分
don't_need_much_of_it_to_make_you_happy.
析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且E项中
French strawberries do not taste like
的that指代上文论述过的原因。
cardboard.Instead, they explode in your mouth
like little flavor bombs. 自主解答 __E__
__39__ On our first morning in Paris, I went 【方法总结】
around the corner to the food market to pick upsome groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly
ripe small strawberries and a little sweet
melon.My husband and I agreed they were the
best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost $18！
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by
local farmers.
E.That's not the only reason the French eat less
than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some
way, like real Parisians.
二、设空在段中——处理好“七种关系”
当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的
整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转
折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉
络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；
如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的
逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
技巧(一) 根据总分关系确定答案
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
解析 本段首句介绍了作者租住的公寓情
The place wasn't entirely authentic,
况，下文列举了公寓的特殊之处。根据空前
though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the
一句提到的“和通常的巴黎公寓不同，这里
plumbing (水管) worked.__37__ Our building
的水管可以正常使用”和空后一句提到的
even had a tiny lift with a female voice that
“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”可
said，“Ouverture des portes，” in perfect
知，设空处和上下句之间为并列关系，不管
French.That is the only French phrase I
是水管和电梯，还是厨房和床，都是对公寓
mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use
的介绍。
for it.
自主解答 __C__
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
【方法总结】
B.The quality of life in France is equally
excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable
bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by
local farmers.
技巧(二) 根据解释关系确定答案
解析 空前一句提到“法国咖啡厅常常很拥
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
挤”，设空处是进一步解释说明；空后一句
In France, quality of life is much more
通过设问“这些人什么时候工作呢？”也暗important than efficiency (效率)．You can tell
this by café life.French cafés are always
crowded.__40__ When do these people work?
示这里的顾客并不都是游客，也有很多法国
The French take their 35-hour workweek
人。
seriously — so seriously that some labor unions
自主解答 __A__
recently struck a deal with a group of companies
【方法总结】
limiting the number of hours that independent
contractors can be on call.
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally
excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable
bed.
技巧(三) 根据例证关系确定答案
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Parisians are different from you and me.They
解析 根据空前一句As someone noted in this
never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in
paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food
this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great
and never gain weight.和下文的描述可知，空
food and never gain weight.__38__ French
处承上启下，既要说明法国人吃得少的原
strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,
因，又要和下文提到的美味的法国草莓有逻
they explode in your mouth like little flavor
辑上的衔接关系。分析选项可知，G项是对
bombs.
上句的解释说明，并与下句构成例证关系。
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by
自主解答 __G__
local farmers.
【方法总结】
E.That's not the only reason the French eat less
than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some
way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don't need
much of it to make you happy.
技巧(四) 根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词汇有but、 however/whereas、 nevertheless (然而，不过)、 though、 yet、 in
spite of、 at any rate (无论如何)、 in any case (无论如何，不管怎样)、 on the contrary、 by contrast (相反，
相比之下)、 by comparison (相比之下)、 otherwise、 not ... but、 as well等。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷) 解析 本段小标题提到不要只依靠技术，空
·Don't rely on technology alone 后一句表示“远距离的友谊，即使是亲密的
__40__ ， but long-distance friendships — 朋友之间，可能需要更多有意识的努力来维even close ones — may require more conscious
持”，又根据空后的转折连词but可知，设
effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to
空处应与空后内容形成转折关系，故F项(通
renew friendships.How to do it? Just spend
过社交媒体很容易产生一种联系感)符合语
face-to-face time together whenever possible.
境。
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you
and stick to it 自主解答 __F__
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred 【方法总结】
methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness
through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one
who was left behind
技巧(五) 根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连接词汇有as a result/consequently、 thus/therefore、 so、 so (such) ...that ...等。
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in
Paris.__36__ So the first thing we did was rent a 解析 根据空后的So可知， 设空处与空后
fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the 一句之间构成因果关系。故F项(我们的目的
size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to 是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活)
leave our suitcases in the hallway. 是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by 自主解答 __F__
local farmers.
【方法总结】
E.That's not the only reason the French eat less
than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some
way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don't need
much of it to make you happy.
技巧(六) 根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连接词汇有 also、 further、 furthermore、 similarly、 moreover、 in addition、
what's more、 too、 either、 neither、 not only ...but also ...、 the more ...the more ...等。
【典例1】 (2022·全国甲卷) 解析 根据空后的the more comfortable you'll
begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules
may seem random and strange, but they are
可将答案锁定选项A和B。 根据语境可知，
important in various countries.__40__， the 你在任何特定的国家待的时间越长，你就会
对它的文化习俗感到越适应。
more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its
foreign cultural practices. 自主解答 __B__A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given
country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with
utensils
D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing
mistake at a restaurant
【典例2】 (2021·6月浙江高考)
Language is certainly a barrier for many
people.For postcrossing to work worldwide, a 解析 本段主要说明了明信片交换中的语言
common communication language is needed so 障碍。空前一句和设空处都是针对此问题的
that everyone can understand each other.As cool 举例说明。空前一句“虽然收到一张汉语卡
as it may be to receive a postcard written in 片很酷，但如果你不懂汉语，你就看不懂意
Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't 思”和F项(同样，如果你只会说中文，收到
understand it.__34__ So a common language is 一张瑞典语的卡片也会让你失去一部分乐趣)
required and in postcrossing that's English since 之间构成递进关系。
it's widely spoken. 自主解答 __F__
E.On August 5, the number of postcards 【方法总结】
exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F.Similarly, if you speak only Chinese,
receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun
away.
G.In short, he loves postcards, and the
excitement of getting a hand-written note from
someone far away.
技巧(七) 根据并列关系确定答案
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
So, how do you find a workout partner？
解析 选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健
First of all, decide what you want from that
身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那
person.__37__ Or do you just want to be
个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句Or do you
physically fit, able to move with strength and
just want to be physically fit ...？可知，设空处
flexibility? Think about the exercises you would
与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是
like to do with your workout partner.
一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
自主解答 __D__
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close
【方法总结】
by.
C.You'll work harder if you train with someoneelse.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your
favorite sport？
E.How can you write a good “seeking a training
partner” notice？
三、设空在段尾——“总结概括”“过渡衔接”
技巧(一) 段落过渡句
当设空在非尾段段末时，就有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可
以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考)
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but
I have made specific choices that allow me to
make the most of every day, and still feel happy
and relaxed.__31__
·Pick the most important.
32.Make_choices_about_what_is_meaningful_i 解析 空前一句提到作者能够充分利用时
n_your_life. Focus on spending time that for 间，但仍然感到快乐和轻松；下文各段是作
you is fun and productive.I chose the life of an 者就如何高效利用时间给出的几条建议。由
adviser because I like to work with companies, 此可知，设空处应是段末过渡句。故F项(也
but don't want the life of a big company 许这些建议将帮助你充分利用时间)承上启
CEO.My choices are based on the lifestyle I 下，符合语境。
want. 自主解答 __F__
E.The things you do well usually give you
greater joy.
F.Perhaps these tips will help you make the
most of your time.
G.This is why making lists is important in any
productivity handbook.
技巧(二) 补充信息句
段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷) 解析 根据小标题Chopstick Rules和设空处
Chopstick Rules 上文可知，本段讲的是筷子的使用规则，设
The way you handle chopsticks is important to 空处上文讲述了如何使用筷子是有礼貌的，
avoid annoying your companions.When you put 设空处也应与筷子的使用规则相关。故F项
them down between bites, always put them (在使用筷子时，千万不要把它们竖着插在食
down together so they are parallel with the edge 物上或是交叉筷子) 是对上文内容进行的补
of the table in front of you.__37__． 充说明，符合语境。C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with
utensils
D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing
mistake at a restaurant
E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a
自主解答 __F__
mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross
them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for
salt and pepper at a meal
技巧(三) 总结句
当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的
语句，学生应快速浏览选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so、 therefore、
hence、 thus、 as a result、 in short、 in a word、 all in all、 to sum up、 to conclude等词或短语，快速缩
小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。
【典例】 (2021·6月浙江高考)
You've got mail ...and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese
computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox
and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's 解析 上文提到Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开邮
Colosseum.Or Africa's Victoria Falls.Or China's 筒，找到一张罗马圆形大剧场的彩色图片，
Great Wall.__31__ 或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布的图片，或者是中
E.On August 5, the number of postcards 国长城的图片。由此可知，他喜欢各种明信
exchanged by members topped 31 million. 片。G项中的In short为总结性的词语，是对
F.Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, 上文进行的总结。
receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun 自主解答 __G__
away.
G.In short, he loves postcards, and the
excitement of getting a hand-written note from
someone far away.
Test 1
(2022·合肥市教学质量检测二)Boosting your emotional quotient, or EQ, involves identifying and managing
your own emotions, as well as evaluating and controlling the way in which you react to those of others.__1__ It can
also improve your relationships with loved ones and your social interactions.Here are some tips you can use to start
improving your EQ.
●Identify your emotions.
Identifying your emotions takes practice and is an important step in building emotional quotient.Regularlyrecognizing and naming your emotions throughout the day is a good way to develop your EQ.__2__ You could
even go a step further, and try to determine how the presence of certain emotions affects your behavior and
productivity.
●Consider your response.
__3__ Taking responsibility for the way you behave towards others and, possibly even more importantly, be
responsible for yourself, is a crucial aspect of emotional quotient.
●__4__
Empathy is the cornerstone of EQ.It is defined as the ability to identify and share the thoughts, feelings or
emotional state of another person.A little empathy goes a long way.It is important to demonstrate empathy towards
people other than just those with whom you find it easy to get along.
●Listen actively.
Engage in the moment and acknowledge what other people are saying.__5__ Active listening involves asking
open-ended questions such as “When？” “How？”“Do you mean ...？” or “Could you tell me a bit more
about that？”．Active listening also calls for avoiding questions that would get only a “yes” or “no” response.
Developing your emotional quotient can not only help you reduce your stress, but also leave you with more
time to connect with, and continuously improve your relationships with those around you.
A．Show your care.
B．Put yourself in other people's shoes.
C．You just don't know what they might be going through.
D．You must remember you can choose how you react to a situation.
E．Besides, trying to identify exactly what you are feeling can do the trick.
F．Try to avoid just waiting for your turn to talk about yourself and your story.
G．Exploring and improving these skills can help you to succeed in your career.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提供了几条提高情商的建议。
1．G 根据空后的It can also ...your social interactions.可知，它还可以改善你与所爱的人的关系和你的
社交互动。据此可知，空处与此对应，介绍提高情商的好处，故G项符合语境。
2．E 根据空后的You could even ...behavior and productivity.可知，你甚至可以更进一步，试着确定某
些情绪的存在是如何影响你的行为和工作效率的。据此可以推知，空处说明准确识别自己情绪的作用，故
E项符合语境。
3．D 根据空后的Taking responsibility for ...emotional quotient.可知，要对自己对待他人的方式负责，
更重要的是，要对自己负责。据此可知，要记住根据条件应对某种情况，D项中的react与小标题中的
response相呼应，符合语境。
4．B 根据该段中的It is defined ...of another person.可知，它被定义为识别和分享另一个人的思想、感
觉或情绪状态的能力。再结合下文内容可知，该段主要建议“要设身处地为他人着想”。故 B项适合作该
段小标题。
5．F 该段主要建议“积极听别人讲话”。根据空前的 Engage in the moment and acknowledge what
other people are saying.可知，要参与当下，认可别人正在说的，而不是静静地等着轮到自己发言，只谈论自己。故F项符合语境。
Test 2
(2022·金丽衢十二校联考)We may befriend more people on social media, but we have fewer real friends —
the kind who would help us out in tough times, listen sympathetically no matter what, lend us money, or keep a
secret if we share one.
__1__ He is a Cornell University sociologist who surveyed more than 2，000 adults and found that from 1985
to 2010, the number of truly close friends has dropped even though we're socializing as much as ever.On average,
participants listed 2 close friends in his survey.__2__ “These are the people you think of as your real friends, your
go-to people if you need something，” Brashears said.
Brashears asked people online from a database called Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences to list
the names of people with whom they had discussed “important matters” over the previous six months.48 percent of
participants listed one close friend when asked, 28 percent listed two and 19 percent listed more.__3__ He reported
the results in the journal Social Networks.
__4__ Brashears said his survey can't tell us conclusively (确凿地), but his guess is that while we meet just as
many people as we used to, we sort them differently.
Does that suggest we're more isolated in these times when we seem to meet more people online than in
person? Social scientists say social media may actually be healthy for us.Keith Hampton from the University of
Pennsylvania wrote a report.“Internet, or social media users have more close relationships than other people.They
get more overall social support than other people.__5__” wrote Hampton in his blog post.
But online contact and personal contact are different.While Hampton reports we know more people because of
social media, Brashears reports there are fewer whom we choose to trust with our most intimate worries.
A．What's the reason behind them?
B．What's the meaning of the survey?
C．That's the conclusion made by Matthew Brashears.
D．The report reflected issues behind the phenomenon.
E．At the same time, a little more than 4 percent didn't list anyone.
F．Compared with 3 in a previous study, the number was down by one point.
G．And in particular they report more emotional support and companionship.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。社会学家 Matthew Brashears 发现，尽管我们在社交媒体上和很多人
交朋友，但是我们真正亲密的朋友却越来越少了。
1．C 根据空后的He is a Cornell University sociologist可知，设空处应提到一个人，且因为是第一次
出现，这种情况下一般会直接出现人名，故C项符合语境。
2．F 根据上文中的from 1985 to 2010, the number of truly close friends has dropped可知，从1985年至
2010 年，人们真正亲密的朋友的数量在减少。本空前一句提到 participants listed 2 close friends in his
survey，因此设空处应该还会出现数据表明真正朋友的数量在下降，故F项符合语境。
3．E 空后一句讲到了He reported the results in the journal Social Networks.，由此可见，该句之前应
是全部的研究结果。根据空前的48 percent ...28 percent ...and 19 percent可以推断，设空处应该会出现4%～5%的参与者的情况，故E项符合语境。
4．A 根据空后Brashears的说法“他的研究无法确凿地告诉我们，但是他的猜想是，尽管我们遇到
的人和以前一样多，但我们会以不同的方式将他们归类”可知，Brashears对上段中提到的情况进行了解释，
故A项符合语境。
5．G 根据空前一句They get more overall social support than other people.可知，设空处应该还是对互
联网和社交媒体使用者的描述，故G项符合语境。
