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专题 02 推理判断题-据文推理慎甄选
推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面
意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言
外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形
式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题。
一、推理判断题的4大题型
考查内容 设问方式
注意题干中常用的六个动词：
infer 、 indicate 、 imply 、
细节推理题要求根据语篇内容，
suggest (暗示)、 conclude。
推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物
该类题型常见的设题形式有：
关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根
①It can be inferred/concluded
(一)细节推理题 据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常
from the text that ____________.
识进行推理判断。只有正确把握文章
②The writer/author
的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，
indicates/suggests/implies that
才可能作出准确的推断。
__________.
③What can we infer about ...？
该类题型常见的设题形式有：
①What is the main purpose of the
一般来说，作者在文章中不直接 text？
陈述自己的写作意图，而是通过文章 ②What is the purpose/intention of
中所提供的事实使读者信服某种想法 the author in writing this
(二)写作意图题
或观点。这种题型要求学生在理解文 passage？
章大意的基础上进行归纳总结和推理 ③For what purpose did the author
判断。 write the passage？
④The writer writes this passage
in order to________.
该类题型常见的设题形式有：
①How does the author feel
学生要通过分析文中的用词、语
about ...？
气和对细节的描述来体会字里行间流
(三)观点态度题 ②What does the author think
露的情感或态度，从而推断出作者或
of ...？
文中人物的言外之意。
③What is the author's attitude
towards/to ...？
(四)文章出处题 学生要根据文章的体裁和题材来 该类题型常见的设题形式有：①In which of the following
would this passage most likely be
推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象题 found？
或读者对象题 要求根据文章内容和文中的措辞推断 ②Where is this text probably
文章的读者对象。 taken from？
③The passage is probably
intended for __________.
二、推理判断题的6大命题陷阱
推理判断题是为了考查学生能否读懂文章中字里行间的隐含含义，能否以文章中所叙述的事实为依据，
经过自己的思考和判断进行客观的推理，从而得出结论。因此，命题人为了达到这个考查目的，常常设置
一些干扰项，没读懂文章的学生很容易受其“迷惑”而“误入歧途”，掉入命题人精心设置的“陷阱”中。
陷阱(一) 主观臆断
某些选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷阅读D)
Today's figures, according to one government official,
show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and 解析 根据选段第一句可知，糖税
healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to 政策的实施，产生了积极的影响，
have a healthy and active childhood ... 它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹
35.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar 集了数百万英镑。由此推断出，该
tax policy？ 政策是成功的。
A．It is a short-sighted decision. 自主解答 __B__
B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers.
D.It upsets customers.
陷阱(二) 过度推断或以偏概全
有时作者仅简单、客观地叙述事实，并未作出评论，而一些选项却扩大作者的叙述范围、进行过度推
断；或者一些选项仅针对原文中某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全。
解析 根据选段内容可知，她们和当
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷阅读B)
地的一户人家一起生活，和他们一
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and,
样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上
like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
醒来的时候，被子上覆盖着一层雪。
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the
有时候她们早上到学校后，发现孩子
morning.Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy
们冻得直哭。春天，雪被冰上的泥所
would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children
代替。由此可推知，两个女孩支教的
weeping from the cold.In spring, the snow was replaced
地方生活条件异常艰苦，她们饱受磨
by mud over ice.
难。干扰选项B、C表述片面，造成
25.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph
以偏概全；选项 A没有基于原文推3？
A．They enjoyed much respect.
断，属于主观臆断。
B.They had a room with a bathtub.
自主解答 __D__
C.They lived with the local kids.
D.They suffered severe hardships.
陷阱(三) 偷换概念
某些干扰选项的内容与原文句子结构、词汇使用高度相似，仅在易忽视的地方略微改动某个词或表达
方式，或截取部分原文中出现过的关键词，但整体意思不符合原文主旨，此类选项干扰性较强。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷阅读D)
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s,
pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.I spent the whole 解析 根据选段第二段中的 I'll miss
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. these old boats以及选段最后一段中的
After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and Oh, they're replacing them with
we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to catamarans.Catamarans are faster, but
explore the city. they're not so elegant, and they're not
“I'll miss these old boats，” he said as we parted. fun to pilot. 可 以 推 断 ， Andrew
“How do you mean？” I asked. Reynolds很喜欢这些旧渡船。选项 C
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. 属于偷换概念，文中虽然提到
Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and Andrew Reynolds 通过开“渡船”来
they're not fun to pilot. But that's progress, I guess.” 谋生，但这并不能说明他开“双体
33.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds？ 船”开得好；B项在文中并未提及，
A．He goes to work by boat. 属于主观臆断。
B.He looks forward to a new life. 自主解答 __D__
C.He pilots catamarans well.
D.He is attached to the old ferries.
陷阱(四) 逻辑颠倒
某些选项颠倒原文逻辑，例如因果倒置、目的与手段倒置等。
解析 根据选段中的About 98
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)
cents of every duck stamp
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the
dollar goes directly into the
Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and
Migratory ...land will be
wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge
protected and available for all
System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and
generations to come.可知，联
available for all generations to come.Since 1934, better than half
邦政府将出售鸭票的部分收入
a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5
投入候鸟保护基金，用来保护
million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation
地。该项法案的直接结果是政
programs ever initiated.
府筹集到了大量资金。干扰选30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934？
项B说候鸟飞离，是1934年
A．The stamp price has gone down.
颁布法案的原因，而非颁布法
B.The migratory birds have flown away.
案的结果，属于逻辑颠倒。
C.The hunters have stopped hunting.
自主解答 __D__
D.The government has collected money.
陷阱(五) 背离主题
某些选项背离了文章的主题思想，是对原文的曲解。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷阅读D)
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and
progress are the watchwords ( 口 号 ), and
traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley
解析 根据选段中的 Sydney swept aside
Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me
much of its past, including many of its finest
that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
buildings 和 “ Sydney is confused about
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including
itself，” she said. “We can't seem to make up
many of its finest buildings.“Sydney is confused
our minds whether we want a modern city or a
about itself，” she said.“We can't seem to
traditional one.”可以看出，Shirley Fitzgerald
make up our minds whether we want a modern
认为在奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼摒弃了许
city or a traditional one.It's a conflict that we
多自己过去的东西，包括那些精美的建筑
aren't getting any better at resolving (解决)．”
物。干扰选项B说悉尼应该加快现代化的过
34.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of
程，属于背离主题。
Sydney？
自主解答 __A__
A．It is losing its traditions.
B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population.
D.It is becoming more international.
陷阱(六) 事实复述
某些选项仅仅是对原文事实进行简化复述，而非推断得出的结论。
【典例】 (2019·全国Ⅱ卷阅读B)
解析 根据选段第二段中的 However, if
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of
others benefit ...my motivation lies？会误选
relief when the season comes to a close.That
D，而D项直接简单复述了原文 I get some
relief is coupled with a deep understanding of
reward；根据文中的关键信息 That relief is
why the same people keep coming back for
coupled with a deep ...people keep coming back
more: Connecting to the community (社区) as
for more: Connecting to the community (社区)
you freely give your time, money, skills, or
as you freely give your time, money, skills, or
services provides a real joy.Volunteering just
services provides a real joy.Volunteering just
feels so good.
feels so good.可以推断出作者愿意做志愿者
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is
工作的理由。
more of a selfish act than I'd freely like toadmit.However, if others benefit in the process,
and I get some reward too, does it really matter
where my motivation lies？
27.Why does the author like doing volunteer
work？ 自主解答 __B__
A．It gives her a sense of duty.
B.It makes her very happy.
C.It enables her to work hard.
D.It brings her material rewards.
推理判断题的7大解题技法
推理判断题要求学生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的推理判断，从而得出文章的隐含
意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作
者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，
然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，它一般具有以下
特征：
(1)“立足原文，只推一步，”即根据原文内容，一步即可推得；
(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only、 never、 all、 absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一
点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如 often、usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、 might、
can、 could、 possibly、 probably等。
对于推理判断题，学生在平时的备考中要多注意从整体上把握语篇内容，判断文章体裁，通过分析文
章结构找到主题段，定位主题句，再分析其他各段与主题之间的关系，理清文章脉络和结构；此外，还应
学会理解字里行间的隐含意义，在已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，领会字里行间的“弦外之音”。具
体方法如下：
技法(一) 根据特定信息和逆向思维进行推断
有些推理判断题，可根据题干提供的信息，到原文中去抓关键信息，然后进行分析、推理、判断，利
用逆向思维，从而得出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷阅读D)
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this when
I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack culture in
this country，” he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia,
brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still.We've
got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.It's a
pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.35.Which statement will the author probably agree with？
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
解析 根据选段第一段第一句可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下
文中Anthony的观点：a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a
young country和选段第二段可知，Anthony认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并
同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。学生做题时可根据题干提供的信息，利用逆
向思维，找到原文信息从而得出正确答案。
自主解答 __A__
技法(二) 根据作者的思想倾向和感情色彩推断观点态度
此方法适用于推断作者及文中人物的观点、态度、情感等。观点和态度一般分为三类：支持或反对、
乐观或悲观、主观或客观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文中的字里行间。解答此类题目应
多注意行文中的措辞，特别是具有感情色彩的形容词或副词。
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional
intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity 解析 根据选段第一句中的Although
have been more beneficial than harmful.The most popular beliefs regarding emotional
positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much intelligence run far ahead of what
needed emphasis ( 重视 ) on emotion by employers, research can reasonably support, the
educators and others interested in promoting social well- overall effects of the publicity have
being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has been more beneficial than harmful.可
helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the 知，作者认为情商的普及整体上利大
functionality of emotions and how they serve people 于弊。由此可推知，作者对于情商的
adaptively in everyday life. 普及持支持态度。
34.What is the author's attitude to the popularization of 自主解答 __A__
emotional intelligence？
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C.Doubtful. D．Unclear.
技法(三) 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
行文中的褒贬性反映了文中人物的情感态度以及作者的写作意图。利用好文章语境的褒贬性就能在把
握主旨的基础上对文中人物或作者的观点态度进行准确的判断。
【典例】 (2021·全国甲卷阅读D) 解析 根据选段最后一句可
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most 知，当俱乐部之外的天才often white men, of European origin.Perhaps this is not a
——女性、不同肤色或不同
surprise.It's said that history is written by the victors, and those
信仰的人——为社会作出贡
victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When
献时，他们并不能得到认
contributions were made by geniuses outside the club —
可。该句对当时的评价标准
women, or people of a different color or belief — they were
作出了否定，作者认为这种
unacknowledged and rejected by others.
现象是不公平的。因此本题
32.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining
应从上文语境中对不公平的
the genius club？
批评出发。
A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.
自主解答 __A__
C.They're objective. D．They're strict.
技法(四) 根据上下文的逻辑进行结论推断
逻辑推断是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎
逻辑的结论。解答这类题的前提是获得文章的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考阅读B)
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the machine
that changed the world”．Klein writes, “America did not invent the steam engine, but once they
grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.”
Meanwhile, over the course of the 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic
necessity.Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit.Bell then gave
the telegraph a voice.Edison perfected an incandescent bulb (白炽灯泡) that brought electric light
into the American home.
...
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought
about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime ...
25.What can be inferred about Ned？
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many interesting stories.
C.He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
解析 根据选段最后一段中的 Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the
progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime 可
知，Ned在他的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步；再结合选段第一段和第二
段内容可知，Klein在书中描绘了18世纪末期和19世纪蒸汽和电力的发展。由此可推知，
Ned主要生活在19世纪。
自主解答 __D__
技法(五) 整合全文(段)信息进行推断
有些推理判断题，很难从某一句话或某几句话推断出其含义，这时就需要在理解全文(段)意思的基础
上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，从而确定最佳答案。【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考阅读B)
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood of that
technology has long been electricity.By providing long-distance communication and energy,
electricity created the modern world.Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the
second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions，”
writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers：Steam, Electricity, and the Men Who
Invented Modern America.Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative (叙述) so lively
that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the
machine that changed the world”．Klein writes，“America did not invent the steam engine, but
once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.”
Meanwhile, over the course of the 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic
necessity.Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit.Bell then
gave the telegraph a voice.Edison perfected an incandescent bulb (白炽灯泡) that brought electric
light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed
in New York City.With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating
current (交流电), which soon became the major form of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought
about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.It's a technique
that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
26.What is the text？
A．A biography. B．A book review.
C.A short story. D．A science report.
解析 文章首段通过电力和蒸汽引出Maury Klein的书，接下来对该书内容进行了介绍；最
后一段提到为了构建他的故事，Klein创造了Ned这个虚构的角色，Ned在他的一生中见证
了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步，这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。由此可
推知，本文是一篇书评。
自主解答 __B__
技法(六) 根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或
通讯社名称等；广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品
名称或操作方式；药品的服用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时
效性强。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A) 解 析 根 据 文 章 标 题Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90－100, A; 80－89, B; 70－79, C; 60－69，D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the
grade for this course: Essay 1＝10%; Essay 2＝15%; Essay 3＝15%;
Essay 4＝20%.
Group Assignments (30%) Grading Policies for
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) Introduction to
during the course.All the assignments will be submitted by the
Literature(文学导论课程评
assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course 分规则)以及Essays (60%)
management system. 中的the grade for this course
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (本课程的成绩)和 Group
(10%) Assignments (30%) 中 的
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready Blackboard, our online
to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from learning and course
assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, management system
so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally, from (Blackboard 在线学习和课
time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or 程管理系统)可推知， 本文
short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be 是对一个文学导论课程评分
graded. 规则的详细介绍，应该选自
Late Work 一个课程方案。
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter 自主解答 __C__
grade for each class period it is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th
day after the due date, it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not
completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a
result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21.Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper.
C.A course plan. D．An academic article.
技法(七) 理解文章大意、把握写作意图
做推理判断题时，学生应对文章有完整、准确的理解，从总体上把握文章的主题，善于抓住文中的关
键词或关键句，对文章的引申含义进行分析。整合与题目相关的信息，综合起来去把握写作意图，确定最
佳结论。
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D) 解析 根据选段内容可知，
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of 作者在这一段首先陈述了一
skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.The ability 个观点，即我们更喜欢将情
to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a 商描述为一套既可用于好的doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might
use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent
does not necessarily make one a moral person. 目的，也可用于坏的目的的
33.Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in 特定技能，然后作者通过
paragraph 2？ “医生”和“骗子”的例子
A．To explain a rule. 来阐释这个观点。
B.To clarify a concept. 自主解答 __B__
C.To present a fact.
D.To make a prediction.
A
(2022·杭州市教学质量监测)When Oumou Dieye first started competing against men in the sport of golf, she
was not confident and felt a little afraid.The men did not want to play golf with her nor did they take her
seriously.But then, she won her first game.After that, she had all the confidence she needed to keep playing and
defeating male golfers.
Dieye is the only professional female golfer in Senegal.She was introduced to golf by her brother-in-law and
immediately fell in love with it.Not long after she began competing, Dieye was given a chance to train in
Morocco.With the financial support from her French golf partners, she spent three months training with the Royal
Moroccan Golf Federation.She said she enjoyed the experience so much that she returned to Morocco and stayed
for seven years.While in there she also taught children at a golfing school.
Today her home is filled with many golfing awards.She has won so many that she has lost track of the
number.What she has done is notable because Senegal is a conservative nation.There is much pressure from society
for women to be involved in professional sports.And the culture still has traditional ideas of what women should
do.A woman who chooses sports over duties at home risks being rejected by her family.At first, her family was not
supportive.But after seeing her love of the sport, they changed their minds.
In 2018, when Dieye returned from Morocco, she was not happy about the state of golf in her home
country.She wanted to create a golf school similar to the one in Morocco.In 2020, the Senegalese Golf Federation
agreed to help Dieye establish a golf school in preparation for the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics in Dakar.It will be
Dieye's job to train Senegal's first national golf team.This will involve preparing female golfers — including her
own daughter.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了塞内加尔女高尔夫球运动员Oumou Dieye的成功之路，
以及她为塞内加尔高尔夫球运动作出的贡献。
1．What was the situation when Dieye first played golf with male players?
A．She was a shy girl short of social skills.
B．Her family didn't support her golf career.
C．They didn't think she was a worthy competitor.
D．She was the only female golfer of the country.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The men did not ...take her seriously.可知，男高尔夫球选手不想和Dieye一起打高尔夫球，也不把她当回事，即她受到了男高尔夫球选手的轻视。
2．What can we learn about the country of Senegal?
A．It has received financial support from France.
B．Women there are encouraged to stay at home.
C．Sports play an important part in people's lives.
D．Golf players are very popular in the country.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的What she has done ...by her family.可知，塞内加尔是一个很保
守的国家，认为女性应该待在家里。
3．Which of the following best describes Dieye?
A．A pioneer. B．An explorer.
C．A producer. D．An investigator.
解析：A 推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第二段中的Dieye is the only professional female golfer in
Senegal.可知，Dieye是塞内加尔唯一一位女职业高尔夫球运动员；再根据最后一段中的She wanted to
create a golf school ...first national golf team.可知，她在塞内加尔创办了一所高尔夫球学校，并将训练塞内加
尔的第一支国家高尔夫球队。由此可推断，Dieye是塞内加尔高尔夫球运动领域的先驱。
B
(2022·潍坊市模拟)Being taken off the endangered species list doesn't guarantee a carefree future for
whales.Recent research estimates that the population of Pacific gray whales off North America's West Coast has
dwindled by almost a quarter since 2016.Starting in 2019, alarming numbers of dead gray whales were spotted on
beaches and floating offshore throughout their habitat, from Mexico to Alaska.The National Marine Fisheries
Service defined it as an “Unusual Mortality Event (UME)”．UMEs are declared when a “significant die-off”
occurs and when information is collected to clarify why it occurs.
The Arctic has had historically low levels of sea ice in recent years, upending the delicate ecosystem that
sustains gray whales.Like other migrants, they don't feed on their winter breeding grounds (繁殖地) or along their
migration, and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the year.Observers
using air photography noted the whales looked skinnier and arrived in Mexico in poor condition, which suggested
they were not finding enough food during the summer.
This die-off is alarmingly similar to the events of 20 years ago, when another UME resulted in a significant
drop in the gray whale population.Although the cause was ultimately undetermined, it was thought that the
population reached “carrying capacity” — it grew too large for the environment to support it.Although that idea
has been suggested for this die-off as well, it's more likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arctic.
Gray whales, hunted almost to extinction by the mid-20th century, were one of the first to be protected from
hunting.The eastern North Pacific population rebounded without pressure from whaling and was taken off the
endangered species list; the western North Pacific population is still listed as endangered.This die-off is a reminder
that “delisting” doesn't indicate a population's secure future.New threats arise, climate change upends habitats, and
continued monitoring is needed in case a crash comes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。被从濒危物种名单上除名并不能保证鲸的未来无忧无虑。北美西海岸
太平洋灰鲸的数量减少了近四分之一。4．What does the underlined word “dwindled” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Increased. B．Bounced.
C．Multiplied. D．Dropped.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据下文中的Starting in 2019 ...Mexico to Alaska.可知，从2019年开始，从墨
西哥到阿拉斯加，人们在海滩上和海上发现了数量惊人的死灰鲸。据此可知，画线词所在句说的是“北美
西海岸太平洋灰鲸的数量减少了近四分之一”，因此画线词的意思是“减少”，D项与之意思相近。
5．What will gray whales usually do in winter?
A．Consume few calories.
B．Travel south to breed.
C．March back to Alaska.
D．Seek food in the Arctic.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like other migrants ...through the rest of the year.可知，和其他
迁徙者一样，它们不在冬季繁殖地或迁徙路线中进食，必须在夏季增加体重，以维持一年余下的时间；根
据第二段中的Observers using air ...in poor condition可知，使用空中摄影的观察人员注意到，这些鲸看起来
更瘦了，且抵达墨西哥时身体状况很差。据此可推断出，灰鲸在冬天通常会南下到墨西哥繁殖。
6．What might be the main cause of the current UME?
A．Serious illnesses.
B．Sea pollution.
C．Environmental changes.
D．Limited carrying capacity.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Although that idea ...of the Arctic.可知，虽然这种观点也被认
为是灭绝的原因，但它更有可能被归咎于北极环境的变化。据此可知，当前UME的主要原因可能是环境
的变化。
7．What's the author's attitude to the “delisting”？
A．Favorable. B．Concerned.
C．Intolerant. D．Regretful.
解析：B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的This die-off is ...population's secure future.可知，这次灭绝提
醒人们，“除名”并不意味着一个种群的未来就安全了。据此可知，作者对“除名”的态度是担忧的。
