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考点 13 阅读之推理判断
（原卷版）
【命题趋势】
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，即把有关的文字
作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若
干句子，甚至是全文。此类考题虽然没有明确的答案，但我们在理解全文的基础上可以进
行推理和判断其答案。
【重要考向】
一、识别推理判断题；
二、推理判断题方法；
考向一
识别推理判断题
【典例】
【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by
manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer
kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury
figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre
of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
,
However some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and
are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mostalcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per
year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar
tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in
schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,
and the industry is playing its part.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【推理判断题识别提分秘籍】
题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推断，
得出结论)等词语。常见的题干设题形式如下：
1．We can know from the passage that ________．
2. We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．
3．The passage/author implies/suggests that ______．
4．It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
5．The underlined sentence indicates that ________．
考向二
推理判断题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年新高考1卷阅读理解B篇】
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to
the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common
than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led
to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called
labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softerfoods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland,
has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned
(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the
upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce
such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture
in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do
as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound
of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably
during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many
hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when
human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not
necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of
speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological
change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural
diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human
beings.
【 推理判断 提分秘籍】
一、推断写作意图
推断写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。
常见的设问形式
1．The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ________．
2．The passage is meant to ________．3．The author's purpose is to show ________．
4．The purpose of the article is to ________．
二、 推断观点态度
推断观点态度，即要求考生推断作者对某人某事的看法或作者所持的观点
常见的设问形式
1．The author seems to be in favor of/against ______．
2．The author may probably agree with/support ________．
3．What's the author's opinion about...?
4．In the author's opinion...?
说明文中作者的态度:
objective 客观的 neutral 中立的
positive 积极的 negative 消极的
disapproval 不赞同的 approval 赞同的
ironic 讽刺的 critical 批判的
optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的
cautious 小心谨慎的 admiring 钦佩的
indifferent 漠不关心的
三、推断文章出处
推断文章出处，即通过阅读材料，感知内容，从而推断材料的来源。
常见的设问形式
1．The text is most likely to be taken from ________．
2．Where does the text probably come from?
3．Where can we most probably read this text?
四、推断目标读者
推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。
常见的设问形式
1．The passage is probably written for ________．
2．Who is the passage written for?
3．The text is written mainly for ________．
解题方法
解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have
similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the
wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment,
cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a
“keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose
from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it
will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.
This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit
is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to
select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error
was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s
cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space,
similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely
entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in
the test.
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city
discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort
of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor
that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. Ispent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew
shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so
elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and
traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its
rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest
buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds
whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better
at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this
when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack
culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to
Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more
still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young
country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇】
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare
baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings,
Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the
cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
【2022年1月浙江卷B篇】
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology,and the lifeblood of
that technology has long been electricity.By providing long-distance communication and
energy,electricity created the modern world.Yet properly understood,the age of electricity is
merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and
electric revolutions."writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers:Steam,Electricity,and the
Men Who Invented Modern America.Klein,a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative(叙
述) so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland,where Watt perfected"the
machine that changed the world".Klein writes,“America did not invent the steam engine,but once
they grasped its possibility they put it to more uses than anyone else.”
Meanwhile,over the course of 19th century,electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic
necessity.Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then
gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulb(白炽灯泡) that brought electric
light into the American home.
Most importantly,Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification,which he
showed in New York City.With help from Tesla,Westinghouse's firm developed a system using
alternating current（交流电）,which soon became the major form of power delivery.
To frame his story,Klein creates the character of Ned,a fictional witness to the progress
brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a
technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
25.What can be inferred about Ned?
A.He was born in New York City. B.He wrote many interesting stories,
C.He created an electricity company. D.He lived mainly in the 19th century.
【2022年1月浙江卷C篇】
"However,this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness anddementia, it only shows an association.said Horder. More research is needed to see if improved
fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a
lifetime a high fitness level is most important." She also admitted that a relatively small number of
women were studied,all of whom were from Sweden,so the results might not be applicable to
other groups.
29.What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B.Data collection was a lengthy process.
C.Some participants withdrew from it. D.The results were far from satisfactory.
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of
a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the
40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new
arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too
early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.
The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and
weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve
and still live there.
7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of
a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the
40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new
arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is tooearly to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.
The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and
weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve
and still live there.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D.
Successful.
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either
good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a
doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The
most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion
by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization
of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of
emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that
such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our
hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to
study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart,
may serve to point us in the right direction.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly
concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the
wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over
must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was
designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time
was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation
Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge
System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
,
Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million
acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most
successful conservation programs ever initiated.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown
away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected
money.
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 B篇】
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once
and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr
Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes
and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage
communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turnwhich they need to practise with their page turner.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about
often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a
membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as
strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently
came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of
creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels
in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The
differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in
the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee
shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest
that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of
background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level
of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative
thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking
just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind
of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we
can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative
process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also
providing freedom from interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He’s a news reporter.B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is
naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,
compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.
Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a
home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest
the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where
we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take
the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and
morning milk deliveries?
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European
origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors
set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses
outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and
rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely thanboys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study
found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children
who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged
and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a
gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my
beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a
discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the
continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the
local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello.
It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto
the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A
few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe!
Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals
were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending
hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold
but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids
who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggywhite T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man
next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him.
Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his
family.
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
8. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a
welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and
thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading
so rich and transformative.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
9. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest
Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The
language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet
simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about
everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because
poetry. And because Cortazar.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely
contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics
is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s
rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot
remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking
such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science
at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D.
Conservative.
【2020全国卷II阅读理解C篇】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,
fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装）enthusiasts are trying
to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have（showcased）nutria fur made
into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand
that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of
Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of
the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists
worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are
questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely
as productions filmed in the Sates.
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally. D. They would lose popularity.
【2020全国卷III阅读理解C篇】
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),
more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his
mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their
two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one
of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the
same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her
own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita
cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with
his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The
daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As
scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just
the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.
Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps
them digest milk as adults.
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human
evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker
side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to
Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends
a mountain funeral（葬礼）followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is
saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan? （ ）
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.
If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having”
effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll
hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll followsuit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
15. On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph? （ ）
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of
clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The
likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start
interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s
the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable
behavior.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and
right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining
dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips
on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher,
Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some
st u m bles , Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley
invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley
recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excusehimself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great
teacher who lets you make mistakes. ＂It takes a lot for any student,＂ Whaley explains, ＂especially
for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I
don’t know，but I want to know.’＂
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the
children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer
broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.
He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.
＂Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,＂ Whaley says, ＂is very difficult for a
child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.＂
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D.
Demanding.
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half
（ 53 percent ） have breakfast alone and nearly half （ 46 percent ） have lunch by
themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to
statistics from the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D.
Restaurant service.
20.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch atthe bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper
with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I
reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-
reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the
bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the
barkeeper.
2【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物） from
our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so
astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very
tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It
depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene
Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
2【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western
creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says
Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some
of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140
pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of
exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled
the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that thereis huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and
fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are
not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's
top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary
fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano,
Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.
24.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25.What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.
2【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C篇】
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually
$8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts
were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people
in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass
audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the
1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely
available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant
newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single
copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's
office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street
sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was
seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged —and some of the older well-known
papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, andsoon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
29.What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities.
C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.
30.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?
A. Local politicians. B. Common people.
C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.
2【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D篇】
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for
the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a
calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that
the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when
the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8
and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys
always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）
of the smaller number to it.
34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.
（2022·江苏·苏州市苏州高新区第一中学一模）
Now, an increasing number of cities are suspending recycling services, partly out of fear that
workers might contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles,
food containers and boxes. One solution: Let robots do the job.
Since the coronavirus took hold in the United States last month, AMP Robotics has seen a
“significant” increase in orders for its robots that use artificial intelligence to sort through recycledmaterial, and weed out trash. Some facilities that were looking at getting one or two robots are
now saying, “We need quite a bit more.” The Colorado company’s chief executive, Matanya
Horowitz said, “It’s all moving quite fast.”
Before the pandemic, automation had been gradually replacing human work in a range of
jobs, from call centers to warehouses and grocery stores, as companies looked to cut labor costs
and improve profit.
But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives, which are likely to continue in
some form after the crisis become less strong, could cause more industries to accelerate their use
of automation. And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines
control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring
workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.
Recycling is one industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic. Some workers,
who earn as little as $10 an hour, have been concerned about coming to work during the crisis and
some cities have been competing to find enough protective gear (防护装备) for all of their
employees. Federal health officials have assured them that the risks of transmission from
household refuse is low. But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting
material, making social distancing difficult.
At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling
facilities to space out their employees, who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used
plastic and paper.
6．How do people feel about automation after the pandemic?
A．Panicked. B．Doubtful. C．Appreciative. D．Unconcerned.
7．In which aspect will robots help most in recycling industry?
A．Sorting out recycled material. B．Minimizing close human contact.
C．Replacing the jobs of cheap labor. D．Producing enough protective gear.
（2022·河北张家口·一模）
A hungry badger (獾) searching for food seems to have uncovered what turned out to be
hundreds of Roman coins in a Spanish cave, according to a new study.
Archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered several coins laying on the ground at the entrance
to a small cave in the woodlands outside Grado in northern Spain in April 2021. The researcherssuspect that the coins were unearthed by a badger from a nearby den (兽窝) after a heavy snow
which made it harder for animals to find food. The hungry badger probably got into the cave
looking for food but came across the coins instead.
After fully exploring the cave, researchers collected 209 coins dating to between the third and
fifth centuries A．D．“To date, this is the largest amount of Roman coins found in n cave in
northern Spain,” the researchers wrote in their paper. They described the discovery as an
“exceptional find”.
10．What do the researchers think of the discovery in 2021?
A．It’s dangerous. B．It’s timely. C．It’s meaningless. D．It’s unusual.
（2022·山东泰安·一模）
Imagine that one day you live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual world. You can go to
a virtual concert, take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing.
Amid a pandemic like COVID-19, instead of seeing teachers and classmates on a video call
screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom. This may help you understand the concept,
metaverse.
The term metaverse refers to a shared virtual 3D world in which people can access via the
Internet. Currently, most virtual spaces look more like the inside of a video game than real life.
However, metaverse’s made the digital spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or
augmented reality (AR, 增强现实).
Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephenson’s novel Snow Crash in 1992. The novel is about
Hiro, a pizza delivery man by day and a VR superhero by night who lives in an online universe
called The Metaverse. “He is in a computer-generated universe that his computer is drawing onto
his glasses and pulling into his earphones,” the novel says of the city that everyone pops into in
VR. The idea rings in many other works, for example, in Ready Player One directed by Steven
Spielberg.
In recent years, metaverse has become the latest popular word to capture the tech industry’s
imagination so much that one of the best-known Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the
futuristic idea-Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his
company’s name to Meta.Tech companies are also dedicated to exploring metaverse-related products. Facebook has
launched meeting software for companies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets.
The headsets cost $300 or more, putting the metaverse’s most cutting-edge (尖端的) experiences
out of reach for many. For users who can afford it, they can enter the virtual worlds created by
different companies. Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the development of the Internet.
So, do you expect the coming of metaverse?
17．What can be inferred about metaverse?
A．It is a video game like real life.
B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists.
C．It gives us a real life in a virtual world.
D．It can protect yourself from a pandemic.
19．Why did Facebook CEO use Meta as his company’s name?
A．Metaverse has become more popular. B．He lives in a virtual world every day.
C．Facebook is the best-known Internet platform.
D．He has accepted the idea of metaverse.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
I wanted to share the story of someone in my community. Alex and I have been pretty good
friends for years. He was raised in a pretty abusive home, and grew up with major depression and
anxiety. He talks about his story all the time to help other teens. Alex has truly changed his life
around to help other people and we are all so glad for that.
He started an organization to help homeless people. He has teens from across the world mail
him stories of hope or funny pictures that they drew and he goes around and gives homeless
people those things along with food or something. They love receiving drawings and letters
because they feel great knowing that someone took time to do that for them.
Alex also wrote a book to inspire teens. He wants other teenagers to see what he’s gone
through so they feel inspired to make a change in their lives. Alex is an extremely inspirational
person and this book will help teens in similar situations as Alex was in.
Alex has won three awards for everything he did. He won an inspirational people’s award
through a local organization; he won the Youth Service America’s everyday hero award and hewon a Canadian awesome award. He’s changing lives and he really deserves these awards. Alex’s
latest accomplishment is the start of the National Youth Internet Safety and Cyber Bullying Task
Force. I can’t believe how many families he’s affected. It’s so much work just to help people he
doesn’t know but Alex loves it.
I believe that young stars are not just singers and actors. I believe they are also the youth
changing our world. There are not many teens that choose to change the world around, but Alex is
definitely one of them.
25．What can we learn about Alex’s childhood?
27．Which of the following best describes Alex?
A．Ambitious and successful. B．Patient and amazing.
C．Encouraging and selfless. D．Outgoing and generous.
28．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Your Voice. B．Campus Life.
C．News Express. D．Magic World.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The yogurt that’ s past its sell-by date. The banana in your lunch that turned brown. The
leftovers in the fridge that you forgot to eat. For most people, all that food goes right into the
garbage can.
Eight to ten percent of global greenhouse gas emissions (放) are related to food waste,
according to a report by the U. N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. “When you
throw away an egg or a sandwich,” says Yvette Cabrera, food waste vice director at the Natural
Resources Defense Council ( N. R. D．C．) ,“you’ re also throwing away all the resources that
went into producing those things.”
That includes not only all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went into producing that
food, but also the massive amounts of fossil fuels used to power the farms, transport the food, and
create the packaging.
Then there’s the issue of what happens to food after it’s thrown out. More food ends up in
U.S. landfills than any other type of trash. Food rotting in landfills produces methane (甲烷), a
greenhouse gas that’s roughly 25 times more powerful at trapping heat in the atmosphere thancarbon dioxide, which is produced by burning fossil fuels.
31．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?
A．Provide a persuasive example. B．Add more background information.
C．Discuss a more serious consequence. D．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
