文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题40 阅读理解之推理判断题（练案）原卷版
（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情 P 1
二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图 P2
三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练（片段式）10例 P 2
四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（片段式）10例 P 4
五、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（21 篇） P 6
【名校模拟一：态度推断题】 P 6
【名校模拟二：预测下段题】 P 9
【名校模拟三：文体推断题】 P 19
【名校模拟四：文章出处题】 P 14
【名校模拟五：写作意图题】 P 16
【名校模拟六：活动评价题】 P 19
【名校模拟七：写作手法题】 P 22
一、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情
2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 推理判断题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1
二 、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图三、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练（片段式）
【真题演练01】(2022新课标I卷第24题)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice
green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner
invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
【真题演练02】(2022新课标I卷第28题)
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
28. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
【真题演练03】(2022新课标I卷第31题)
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【真题演练04】(2022新课标II卷第28题)
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have
tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
【真题演练05】(2022新课标II卷第35题)
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great
start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which
aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【真题演练06】(2022全国甲卷第35题)
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told
me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【真题演练07】(2022全国乙卷第25题)
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arriveat the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
【真题演练08】(2022全国乙卷第35题)
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next
generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【真题演练09】(2021新课标I卷第33题)
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either
good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a
doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
【真题演练10】(2021新课标I卷第33题)
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most
positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by
employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of
emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions
and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
四、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（片段式）
【名校模拟01】Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿),
and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all this bad news.
1. This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____.
A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform
【名校模拟 02】Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find
ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is
too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and
bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have
some fun laughing together.
2. What is the writer’s attitude towards the present world?
A. Positive B. Critical C. Satisfied D. Indifferent【名校模拟03】The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the needs
of our children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as such.
Well, you may say, this is as it should be, and a good idea. But think further. What happens? “Education”
becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists. What happens then?
3. What is the author’s attitude toward the theories of modern psychology?
A. Uninterested B. Tolerant C. Satisfied D. Critical
【名校模拟 04】New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has become smaller. It’s now a
“global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our
ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly increased by foreign language skills.
4. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
A. Critical B. Prejudiced C. Indifferent. D. Positive
【名校模拟05】 (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run
far ahead of what research can reasonably support，the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial
than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on
emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of
emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and
how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
5. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【名校模拟06】Yoga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense of union in body, mind and spirit. It
brings us balance. After a long time of practice yoga, you no longer just practice it --- you live it.
Yoga becomes part of your physical life. Your body grows stronger, more toned, and more flexible as
you move from one asana --- or pose --- to another…
Yoga becomes part of your mental life. Yoga teaches you to focus on breathing while you hold the
poses. This attention to breath is calming; it dissolves stress and anxiety...
6. What will be talked about if this passage continues?
A. Yoga becoming part of your spiritual life.
B. Yoga becoming popular all over the world.
C. The disadvantages of yoga.
D. Encouraging people to do yoga.
【名校模拟 07】During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is
created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and
gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a
global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
7. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. The advantage of wind power.
B. The design of wind power plants.
C. The worldwide movement to save energy.
D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.
【名校模拟08】 “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in
the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave EnergyGroup at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.
8. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves
B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
【名校模拟09】In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”
four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different
participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be
pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to
make it to market in the near future.
9. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【名校模拟 10】Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the
children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart.
Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to
learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.
10. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
五、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（21篇）
【名校模拟一：态度推断题】
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）A small study published Wednesday documents significantly restored hearing in
five of six kids treated in China. “Hearing loss is hard to recover. That’s why we were always trying to develop a
therapy (疗法),” said Zheng-Yi Chen, a senior author of the study.
Globally, 34 million children have deafness or hearing loss, and genes are responsible for up to 60% of
cases.
All the children in the experiments have a condition that accounts for 2% to 8% of inherited (遗传的)
deafness. It’s caused by mutations (变异) in a gene responsible for an inner ear protein called otoferlin, which
helps hair cells transmit sound to the brain.
The therapy of Chen’s team delivers a functional copy of that gene to the inner ear during a surgery. It
caused no major side effects. They observed the children for about six months and captured patients’ progress in
videos. One shows a little girl 13 weeks after treatment repeating father, mother, grandmother, sister and “I love
you.” They don’t know why the treatment didn’t work in one of them. But the five others, who previously had
complete deafness, can now hear a regular conversation and talk with others.
Prior results from other researches have been just as positive. The Philadelphia hospital reported that their
patient, Aissam Dam, is now able to hear his father’s voice and cars on the road. Dr. John Germiller, who led the
research in Philadelphia said, “His hearing is improved from a state of complete deafness with no sound at all tothe level of mild hearing loss.”
Columbia University’s Dr. Lawrence Lustig said, “Although the children in these studies don’t wind up
with perfect hearing, even a mild hearing loss recovery in these kids is pretty astonishing.” Still, he added, “Many
questions remain, such as how long the therapies will last and whether hearing will continue to improve in the
kids.”
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The result of Chen’s therapy. B．The impact of gene mutations.
C．The trouble of curing hearing loss. D．The analysis of children’s deafness.
2．What do most participants in the two researches have in common?
A．They showed positive response to the therapy. B．Their power of speech was partially regained.
C．Their improvements were recorded by videos. D．They had mild hearing loss after the treatment.
3．What is Dr. Lawrence Lustig’s attitude toward the therapy?
A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Gene Therapy: A Hope for the Deaf
B．Deaf Children: A Concern of Society
C．Chen’s Research: A Breakthrough in Surgery
D．Inherited Deafness: A Challenge for Treatment
（2024·重庆·三模）Handwriting notes in class might seem outdated as smartphones and other digital technology
cover every aspect of learning across schools and universities. But a steady stream of research continues to
suggest that taking notes the traditional way is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. And now
scientists are finally zeroing in on why.
The new research, by Audrey van der Meer and Ruud van der Weel at the Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), builds on a foundational 2014 study suggesting that people taking notes by computer
were typing without thinking. “It kind of goes in through your ears and comes out through your fingertips, but you
don’t process the incoming information,” she says. But when taking notes by hand, it’s often impossible to write
everything down; students have to actively pay attention to the incoming information and process it — prioritize
it, consolidate it and try to relate it to things they’ve learned before. This conscious action of building onto
existing knowledge can make it easier to stay engaged and grasp new concepts.
To understand specific brain activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the researchers
sewed electrodes (电极) into a hairnet with 256 sensors that recorded the brain activity of 36 students as they
wrote or typed 15 words from the game Pictionary that were displayed on a screen.
When students wrote the words by hand, the sensors detected widespread connectivity across many brain
regions. Typing, however, led to minimal activity, if any, in the same areas. Handwriting set off connection
patterns covering visual regions, which receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层).
The latter handles body movement and sensorimotor integration, which helps the brain use environmental inputs
to inform a person’s next action.
Sophia Vinci-Booher, an assistant professor of educational brain science at Vanderbilt University, says,
“People may not realize when they materialize something by writing or drawing it, this strengthens the concept
and helps it stick in their memory.”
5．What do we know about the new research?A．It is an initial study on note-taking. B．It offers a new note-taking method.
C．It finds the evidence for previous finding.D．It introduces how to take notes effectively.
6．What does the underlined word “consolidate” probably mean in paragraph 2?
A．Integrate. B．Demonstrate. C．Obtain. D．Share.
7．What happens in the brain when taking notes by hand?
A．Visual systems are lacking in activities. B．Some brain areas are highly involved.
C．Sensory information is processed rapidly.D．The motor cortex accepts visual information.
8．What is Sophia Vinci-Booher’s attitude towards the new research?
A．Approving. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Leo Walsh participated in the design of the minivan, a kind of vehicle, which
revolutionized the way families traveled 40 years ago to generations of Americans.
After graduating from Virginia Tech with a degree in engineering in 1956. Walsh was hired by Chrysler in
Detroit. “That was the best decision I ever made, because if I’d gone to GM, I could have been lost in a big hurry,”
Walsh said. The engineer proved his ability while making $485 a month. “I was the youngest chief engineer at
Chrysler at that time,” Walsh recalled.
Walsh was approached by the manager in 1976 to design a vehicle unlike any other. Walsh’s team didn’t
waste time. “We designed a prototype (原型) by cutting down the big vans,” Walsh explained. But the plans
Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust. “We kept proving that it was workable through the prototypes,”
Walsh said. Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project. “He thought it was a
product that needed to be on the market,” Walsh said. “It was decided to produce it in 1984.” With its extra cargo
(货物) space and roominess for passengers, the Chrysler minivan was an instant hit. “It became the cash cow of
Chrysler Corporation,” Walsh said.
After 32 years in Chrysler, Walsh retired in 1988 just four years after the first minivan was produced. “The
world’s best minivans and that is true,” Walsh said. “It was a landmark vehicle.” 2024 marks the 40th anniversary
of the minivan, proving good ideas get good gas mileage. The 93-year-old doesn’t take credit for the minivan. To
this day Walsh sings high praise for his talented team.
Admirably, the retired engineer helped introduce a new way of driving. “I enjoyed every minute of those
jobs. That is all I have got to say,” Walsh said. “I enjoyed every minute of my career. I am very fortunate to be
there at the beginning.”
9．What can we infer about Walsh from paragraph 2?
A．He once had the idea of working for GM.B．He wasn’t valued in the company initially.
C．He joined Chrysler to design the minivan.D．He learnt engineering because he was poor.
10．What was the attitude of the CEOs before Lee Iacocca to Walsh’s prototype?
A．Unclear. B．Approving. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.
11．Which best describes Walsh as a team leader?
A．Strict. B．Modest. C．Ambitious. D．Humorous.
12．What can we learn from Walsh’s story?
A．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
B．Gaining success helps you become an expert.
C．Your success comes from loving what you do.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.【名校模拟二：预测下段题】
（2024·河北·模拟预测） Have you heard yourself say “it was nothing really” when someone
congratulates you on a job well done? Or when you are asked to make a list of what you have achieved, you draw
a blank? Maybe you have success amnesia.
Failing to acknowledge your hard work is often a sign of “success amnesia”. People with success amnesia
are often successful yet they find it difficult to admit achievements. They are people who others would describe as
successful and yet they find it difficult to acknowledge their results.
Success amnesia robs them of the satisfying sense that can help them achieve a goal. And, perhaps more
importantly, it robs them of confidence. Confidence does not guarantee success, but it does increases the chances
of success. Think of the classic children’s story, The Little Engine That Could. The Little Blue Engine comes to
the rescue of a broken-down train, working hard to pull the stranded (搁浅的) goods up and over a mountain. As
she moves upwards, she continuously says “I think I can”, and finally she makes it to the mountaintop and begins
downwards.
Imagine you will throw a 50th birthday celebration for your partner. If you approach the task with “I think I
can” in your mind, then you’re likely to tackle it with energy. You might not have done anything similar before,
but you trust yourself to work it out. You hold meetings to gather ideas and work out a plan. Approaching the task
with your head full of “I can’t do this”, on the other hand, would likely result in more hesitant steps. It’s difficult
to get the work finished when you hold the belief that the task is beyond you.
Confidence fuels success and success fuels confidence. Our achievements provide us with evidence of what
we’re capable of, increasing our self-belief and fueling our confidence to do more. Success amnesia reduces
confidence. To boost one’s confidence, it is necessary to tackle success amnesia.
1．Which student may have “success amnesia”?
A．One willing to help others. B．One refusing to admit his mistake.
C．One thinking little of his achievements. D．One speaking highly of his own composition.
2．Why is the story The Little Engine That Could mentioned in paragraph 3?
A．To explain the reason behind success amnesia.
B．To praise the perseverance of The Little Blue Engine.
C．To give an example that confidence can guarantee success.
D．To prove that one is more likely to succeed with confidence.
3．How is Paragraph 4 developed?
A．By citing a real case. B．By presenting supporting facts.
C．By analyzing contributing factors. D．By showing comparison and contrast.
4．What will be presented in the following paragraph?
A．Ways to deal with success amnesia,
B．Different opinions on success amnesia.
C．Scientific research into success amnesia.
D．Possible consequences of success amnesia
（2024·江西南昌·三模）The goal of this book is to introduce some of the cognitive (认知的) prejudices
we have—and how misunderstandings can cloud our judgment and affect the people around us. This book also
guides us on how to do our best to correct these thinking traps. Here are some examples.
The first one is that we tend to be overconfident in our abilities without enough evidence. This can lead us,for example, to mess up career-changing presentations because of lacking preparation, or greatly underestimate
the time we may spend completing the projects.
We can correct this propensity by trying it out ourselves. This will quickly put any feelings of
overconfidence to rest or fight this trend by over-preparing and considering potential problems in advance. For
example, if we’re decorating our homes and have no idea how long it will take, talk to friends who went through a
recent case or consult with a few experts to understand the time the project costs and what problems may arise.
Another, which can be dangerous, is that we are likely to focus a lot more of our attention on negative
events than positive ones. It explains why a friend’s unenthusiastic review of a well-known movie might lead us to
watch something else. This tendency can hold us back from making a decision about something, say a big
purchase like a house, out of fear there was once a negative event associated with an otherwise good choice.
There are several suggestions here. Initially, when making a choice, stress the positive aspects of our
options. Sellers use this approach all the time. For example, instead of saying the beef contains 11% fat, they label
it is as 89% lean (纯瘦肉的). These are both true and accurate descriptions of the same product but describing it
from the opposite of it can make it a more attractive choice for buyers concerned with fat intake.
5．What is the book aimed at?
A．Teaching social skills. B．Changing thinking mode.
C．Solving physical problems. D．Promoting reflective learning.
6．What does the underlined word “propensity” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Tradition B．Over-preparation
C．Collection D．Tendency
7．What is the harm of prejudice according to paragraph 4?
A．Buying useless things. B．Messing up presentations.
C．Missing big opportunities. D．Avoiding making decisions.
8．What will be talked about in the following paragraph?
A．Analyzing reasons. B．Giving examples.
C．Adding suggestions. D．Making contrasts.
（2024·湖北·三模）Every year, some 2.3 million women and men around the world died from work-
related accidents or diseases — that’s more than 8, 000 deaths every single day — and at least 402 million people
suffer from non-fatal occupational injuries. The number is enormous in terms of personal tragedy and hardship.
And it comes with a huge economic loss. It is estimated that occupational accidents and diseases lead to a 5.4
percent loss of annual global GDP.
A safe and healthy working environment is so important that in June 2022 the ILO (International Labor
Organization) took a historic step when it added a safe and healthy working environment to its Fundamental
Principles and Rights at Work.
Why does this matter? It matters because occupational safety and health can now no longer be viewed as an
optional extra. All of the ILO’s 186 member states are now required to respect, promote and achieve a safe and
healthy working environment as a fundamental principle and right at work.
This is significant for several reasons. First, it recognizes that every worker has the right to be protected
from dangers and risks that can cause injury, illness or death in the workplace.
By making occupational safety and health (OSH) a fundamental right, the ILO is sending a clear message
to governments and employers of all countries that they must take responsibility for providing a safe and healthyworking environment for all workers.
When workers feel safe and healthy in their workplace, they are likely to be more productive and efficient.
This can benefit workers, employers as well as the economy. Conversely, when workers are injured or become ill
due to workplace dangers, it can have a significantly negative impact on productivity and economic growth.
A safe and healthy working environment is now a fundamental right for each and every worker.
Governments, employers, trade unions as well as companies must work together to make this right a reality.
9．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．To draw a conclusion. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To warn us of the danger at work. D．To call for the need of safety environment.
10．What does a safe and healthy working environment mean to each side?
A．It means a basic right to the ILO. B．It means life and death to employers.
C．It means a fundamental obligation to workers.D．It means economic growth to the government.
11．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 6?
A．Consequently. B．Contrarily. C．Conventionally. D．Commonly.
12．What may be discussed in the following paragraph after the last one?
A．The joint efforts by the four sides. B．The potential improvements to make.
C．The history of workers’ sufferings. D．The measures workers take to get protected.
【名校模拟三：文体推断题】
（2024·新疆喀什·二模）The novel Restart was written by Gordon Korman and published in 2018. The
book tells the story of Chase, a middle school student who loses his memory after an accident. At the beginning of
the story, Chase gets knocked unconscious when he falls off a roof. When he wakes up, he can remember his
name, but he doesn’t remember his past or his identity.
When Chase recovers and returns to school, he begins to learn about his own history through the reactions of
the other students. As it turns out, Chase, once a star athlete, used to have fun hurting weaker students. Some
people are afraid of him, some are angry with him, and some treat him like a hero. He finds that he doesn’t really
like the people who used to be his best friends.
After his accident, Chase also has a different personality. He is no longer mean to other kids. However,
everyone expects him to act the same as before. It takes time for the other students to learn to trust this new
version of their old classmate. Each chapter is narrated (叙述) by a different character, so we get to hear every
side of the story.
Gordon Korman has said that he enjoys writing for junior high school students because this is the age when
kids begin to form their own opinions. In Restart, Korman addresses the themes of friendship, making mistakes,
and getting a second chance. The novel explores the stories of a former bad guy and his victims, and gives readers
a close look at the ways trust can be lost and rebuilt. The big picture comes together in little bits and pieces as
each character offers their own details.
Everyone makes mistakes, and sometimes each of us would like to start over. In Restart, Korman shows us
how to correct our mistakes and make it up to the people we have hurt.
1．What helps Chase rediscover his past?
A．His memory of the accident. B．His fellow students’attitude towards him.
C．His status as a school hero. D．His best friends’ account of his school life.
2．How is Restart unique in writing style?A．It features vivid pictures. B．It consists of obvious comparisons.
C．It is written from the view of an adult. D．It contains narrations of different characters.
3．Which statement would Gordon Korman most likely agree with?
A．Friendship and trust can be regained. B．Lost memories can be brought back.
C．Some mistakes can never be corrected. D．High school is the best age to restart.
4．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A fairy story. D．A diary entry.
（2024·河北邯郸·二模）“John Cotter’s Losing Music is a powerful addition to the classic memoir (自
传),” said Gretchen Cherington in The Millions. The first-time author has a strange disease that causes severe
hearing loss, and Cotter shows well how destructive (破坏性的) the condition can be. Music first began
disappearing, then the sound of the ocean. Beginning when he was 30, a ringing in his ears came and went,
sometimes becoming so loud that it was painful. As his condition got worse significantly, he found how the loss of
normal hearing separated him quickly from the whole world of pleasure. “The feeling is like losing life’s colour.”
After detailing how he fell into complete despair, his “hard-hitting, beautiful, deep-going” book also reveals how
he managed to rediscover a certain sense of satisfaction again.
“The most memorable sections in Losing Music are about Cotter’s daily struggles” said Lisa Zeidner in The
Washington Post. As a poet and essayist who was working as a part-time writing professor when his hearing
troubles began, he is lyrical about sounds we take for granted: rain beating windows, old-fashioned heating
hissing (嘶嘶响), a cat drinking water. Still, “he reserves his most passionate writing for music,” providing
poetically precise descriptions of much of the music he has loved, and connecting the loss of those experiences to
the loneliness of being deaf. By 33, his hearing was gone. Hearing aids and medication helped begin a partial
improvement.
“Cotter ultimately finds the best hope for a life without music: to get right with silence,” said Melissa
Holbrook Pierson in The Wall Street Journal. There can be no happy ending in a book about hearing loss, but in
writing it, he “turned difficulty into quiet success.” Losing Music comes closest to capturing what’s behind music
“by nearly being music itself.” Even though his hearing has failed him, “evidence that Cotter’s ear is still keen for
the beautiful tune of language sings from every page.”
5．What do we know about Cotter from Paragraph 1?
A．Losing Music is his first work. B．He knows well about his illness.
C．The ringing in his ears was like music. D．He drives away loneliness by writing.
6．What impresses Lisa Zeidner most about Cotter in Losing Music?
A．His keen sense of music. B．His position as a professor.
C．His daily hardship and effort. D．His detailed style of writing,
7．How does Cotter finally deal with his illness?
A．He tries his best to cure it. B．He comes to terms with it.
C．He ignores the inconvenience of it. D．He collects evidence about it.
8．What is the text?
A．A diary entry. B．A book review.
C．A news report. D．A biography.
（2023·全国·模拟预测）In the poorest and the least healthful county in New York State, there is still cause for
celebration — particularly when it involves students. In The Power of a Plant by globally known teacher StephenRitz, you’re taken on a journey witnessing changes in his community.
Throughout, Ritz notes some amazing stories he categorizes as connections and co-learning. You see the
transformation of an industrial eyesore (碍眼的建筑) into a rooftop garden, resulting in a 100% graduation rate
for those high school gardeners in a place where the rate earlier topped out at 17%. Ritz and his students fix a
garden wall and he teaches in the first edible classroom, changing the way the students learn about food, nutrition,
science and the culinary (烹饪的) arts.
Ritz launched the first National Health, Wellness and Learning Center in an over 100-year-old school, CS 55
in the South Bronx, in a neighborhood where you’re more likely to see beer being sold than healthful offerings
from a green grocery. This is the home of Green Bronx Machine, a nonprofit where Ritz is joined by a volunteer
team made up of his wife and daughter. They transformed the school’s library into a place where butterflies are
hatched and worms are tended. A kitchen was set up there and the students get monthly cooking lessons from chef
Bill Yosses, where they often use the produce they grow on-site.
While it is based in the Bronx, you’ll hear how Ritz has taken his message of Green Bronx Machine
worldwide, and when possible, the students accompany him on the field trips. Ritz said, “I grow vegetables, but
my vegetables grow students, schools and communities. My favorite crop is organically grown citizens who are
growing and eating themselves into good health and amazing opportunities.”
If you’ve ever heard Stephen Ritz in person, you’ll get that same enthusiastic and accessible voice with vivid
details in this writing, one I’m convinced will rank as one of the most inspirational books of all time.
9．What do the figures in paragraph 2 show about the transformation?
A．It is a big success. B．It has a rough start.
C．It has long-term effects. D．It is a half-baked attempt.
10．How does Ritz make a difference to CS 55?
A．By letting nature take its course.
B．By following the advice of his family.
C．By filling its green grocery with healthy stuff.
D．By exposing the students to planting and cooking.
11．What is Ritz’s writing mainly about?
A．Value and benefits of green-based co-learning.
B．A teacher’s worldwide field trips with his students.
C．Formation and development of Green Bronx Machine.
D．A teacher’s journey to grow healthy minds and schools.
12．What is the text?
A．A travel journal. B．A book review.
C．A news report. D．A celebrity profile.
【名校模拟四：文章出处题】
（23-24高一下·江西南昌·期末）May is a busy month if you’re planning a springtime getaway. Half term
falls during the last week of the month, leaving three other weeks when the prices won’t go through the roof.
Whatever type of holiday you want to book in May, you’ll find some incredible ideas here.
Greece
If you’re travelling with preschool children and want to beat the half-term price hikes, book one of the
villas at Mousses Crèche and Kids’ Clubs. You’ll get the chance to relax in the pool while the kids join thechildren’s clubs and get free childcare. Simpson Travel has a week’s self-catering (自己提供食物的) in a two-
bedroom villa from £557, based on two adults and two children sharing, including flights, car hire; departs 5 May.
Istanbul
May is an ideal time to visit endlessly fascinating Istanbul. Stay at the Radisson Blu Istanbul Pera and
you’ll have restaurants of Beyoglu and Karaköy to explore. There’s also a spa where you can relax in a hot tub.
Away Holidays has a four-night room-only break departing 18 May from £502, including flights and a free room
upgrade.
France
Slow down the pace with a self-drive boating holiday in southern France. Get to know the landscapes and
wildlife of the Petite Camargue and Languedoc as you wander along the Canal du Rhône à Sete. Stop in Aigues-
Mortes and Sete in the course of a week, making most of the marvelous seafood along the way. Depart 10 May
from €1,038, including tuition; fuel and mooring fees (系泊费) are extra.
1．How much does a couple with two kids spend in Simpson Travel?
A．£502. B．At least £557. C．€1,038. D．Over €1,038.
2．What makes travelling in Istanbul special?
A．Upgrading a room for free. B．Having a week’s self-catering.
C．Having a self-drive boating. D．Wandering in Aigues-Mortes.
3．Where is the text most likely from?
A．A news report. B．An academic paper.
C．A travel brochure. D．A cultural website.
（23-24 高三下·广东中山·期末）Technology and the Psychology of Second Language Learners and
Users is a collection of studies that focuses on second language (L2) teaching and learning. This book, made up of
23parts, presents research on how technology affects the learning psychology (心理) of L2learners.
One of the main contributions of the book is that it is more than just a descriptive account of current
research regarding technology and the psychological side of L2 learners. A key view is that technology does not
necessarily lead to positive psychological effects. In fact, some learners may feel anxious or uncomfortable using
technology for language learning, which can hinder their performance. What’s more, learner psychology still
requires closer examination, as learners’ attitudes towards technology-assisted learning do not always match their
actual practices.
Another important contribution of this book is that it presents the connection and interplay between
language learners’ online identity and offline identity. As studies in the book have shown, positive online identities
may support language learning and can potentially apply to offline situations. Also, individuals have different
identities in the off line environment, which may influence how they experience online.
A third contribution of the book is that it provides various cases in detail to tell readers how to conduct
research. Technology has created different online learning contexts for researchers to investigate, such as blogs
and online social networks, to name a few. Thus, researchers are offered a lot of choices and have various studies
to refer to when they do future research.
As illustrated above, this book provides both theoretical and practical value. It familiarizes researchers with
the interplay of technology, psychology, and L2 learning, while also reminding teachers of the importance of
integrating(结合) technology thoughtfully, considering individual learner differences. Adding instructions and
steps on how to apply research findings to real teaching and learning contexts at the end of each part could furtherstrengthen the book’s usefulness for language instructors.
4．What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Predict. B．Prevent. C．Analyze. D．Improve.
5．What can we learn about the book?
A．It indicates the benefits of positive online identities.
B．It illustrates the technology for positive psychology.
C．It develops offline learning contexts for researchers.
D．It provides detailed instructions for language teachers.
6．What's the author's attitude towards the book?
A．Neutral. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Positive.
7．What is the text?
A．A book review. B．A news report.
C．A research paper. D．A learning guide.
（23-24高三下·安徽安庆·期末）On the night of March 9, 1860, a storm-driven schooner (帆船) with
only 15 boys aboard, ages 8 to 14, crashes into the shore of an unknown island. And so begins Jules Verne’s Two
Years’ Vacation, also known as Adrift (漂流) in the Pacific, a novel originally serialized in twenty-four issues in
1888. It was also part of Voyages Extraordinaires, a series of fifty-four Verne’s novels, published between 1863
and 1905.
Verne created quite a few famous works and he is the second most translated author in the world. While not
one of Verne’s best, Two Years’ Vacation is a short, fun, energetic boy’s novel about challenge in the face of tough
natural and social realities. It’s told with passion and imagination.
The castaways include fourteen boys from Charman’s boarding-school in Auckland, New Zealand, and
Moko, a black twelve-year-old, the only professional sailor. Their wild voyage began three weeks earlier while
they were sleeping on the schooner before starting a two-month holiday trip. By the time Moko and the others
awoke, the schooner was adrift far out to sea. During the weeks of trying to keep the ship afloat, three older boys
took positions of leadership—Gordon, a 14-year-old American; Briant, the 13-year-old son of a French engineer;
and Donagan, 13, English like all the other boys.
Two story lines develop on the deserted spot of land in the ocean that the boys name Charmin Island. The
boys have to find a way to survive. And another line includes the collision among the leading boys. At one point,
Donagan charges Briant with cheating, and he took two boys to leave their group and found another place to settle
down. In fact, all three of the leader boys turn out to be brave fellows. And even Briant sayes Donagan’s life at the
end of the story.
The liveliness of Verne’s story was such that I was able to soldier on past the imperfections and enjoy the
hair-raising feeling while reading.
8．What can be known about Verne?
A．He was a productive writer. B．He used to be a professional sailor.
C．He spent two decades in writing. D．He based his story on his own experience.
9．What does the underlined word “collision” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Company. B．Support. C．Disagreement. D．Affection.
10．What is the author’s opinion about the book?
A．He claims it is perfectly written. B．He likes its adventurous story.C．He thinks little of its characters. D．He feels pity for the soldier in it.
11．What is the type of the text?
A．A travel journal. B．A news report. C．A short story. D．A book review.
【名校模拟五：写作意图题】
（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）A shadowy figure sits alone in a room, his face dimly lit by a computer screen.
With a grin, he types in a series of computer commands, and in the blink of an eye, someone’s bank account is
drained to zero.
In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per day. Hackers can steal money,
information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world. However, not all hackers are
villains.
Some hackers, called white hat or ethical hackers, are individuals who make the most of their hacking skills
to identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, software and networks. Their job is crucial in preventing
cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive information. The term “white hat” originated from old cowboy movies,
where heroes wore white hats and villains wore black ones. Like the heroes in cowboy movies, white hats seek to
stop the bad guys and save the day.
White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on open-source software or with
authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies or individuals can take steps to
prevent serious breaches and losses. White hat hackers use a variety of different techniques to keep the internet
safe. Penetration testing, for example, allows them to mimic cyberattacks and uncover system weaknesses.
Security scanning tools allow white hats to identify holes in a network’s security systems. Simulating denial-of-
service attacks (DoS attacks) helps companies prepare for attacks against their websites.
Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys on the wrong side of the law. A prime
example is Kevin Mitnick. This notorious hacker once held the title of “most wanted hacker” in the U. S. due to
his cybercriminal activities in 1995. However, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life took a
remarkable turn. Mitnick decided to use his hacking skills for ethical purposes, eventually establishing his own
cybersecurity consulting company.
If you aspire to be a white hat hacker, start by building a strong foundation in computer and network
fundamentals. Good luck, computer cowboy!
1．What does the underlined word “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．evil-doers. B．heroes. C．attackers. D．victims.
2．What can we learn about white hat hackers?
A．They wear white hats in cowboy movies.
B．They do everything to safeguard people’s information.
C．They legally use their professional skills to help people.
D．They find vulnerabilities for personal gain without doing harm.
3．People skilled in computer and network can’t be top white hat hackers unless ______.
A．they obey the law
B．they identify security weak points
C．they take measures to stop serious losses
D．they build their own cybersecurity consulting companies
4．What is the purpose of the text?A．To teach us how to stay secure online.
B．To tell us how to be top white hackers.
C．To warn us of the dangers of cyberattacks.
D．To introduce defenders of the digital world.
（2024·贵州毕节·三模）When we came across a troublesome problem, we often gather a group to
brainstorm. However, plenty of evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize
collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, we’d better turn to a process called “brainwriting”. You start by
asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately. Next, you collect them and share
them among the group without telling the authors. Then, each member evaluates them on his or her own, only
after which the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options. By developing
and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them, the team can surface and advance
possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile. Given
the urgency of the situation, the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions. Rather, they established a global
brainwriting system to generate individual ideas. A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.
This specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners, making it possible to
save them.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this
method works. They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation. In brainstorming
meetings, its too easy for participation to become one-sided in favor of the loudest voices. The brainwriting
process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation. The goal isn’t to
be the smartest person in the room. It’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a
greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means they not only come up with more
brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas. Therefore, it takes collective judgment to find the signal in
the noise and bring out the best ideas.
5．What’s the purpose of brainwriting?
A．To discover the hidden potential in teams.B．To minimize collective intelligence.
C．To use thinkers’ brains separately. D．To develop and assess ideas individually.
6．What may help to save the miners in Chile?
A．Brainstorming sessions. B．The urgency of the situation.
C．A tiny plastic telephone. D．Researchers from universities.
7．What do the underlined words “this method” refer to?
A．Brainstorming B．Balanced participation.
C．Collective intelligence. D．Brainwriting
8．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．What is brainwriting. B．How best ideas occur.
C．Why brainwriting is good. D．Where best ideas are.
（2024·山东·三模）Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the
Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail,Taiwan. Kalli Kieborz, Director of Niobrara Council, received the award for their assistance in managing and
protecting its natural resources, including natural quiet, since 1997.
This Award concluded a two-year process that included exploring the full length of the river to collect
qualitative and quantitative acoustic (听觉的) data. Gordon Hempton, cofounder of QPI, stated, “Our testing
process is very exact. Beyond collecting standard acoustic data, each team member must agree unhesitatingly that
natural quiet existed throughout the testing period. The river’s splendid geologic landscape, unusual atmospheric
conditions and outstanding wildlife all contributed to a positive outcome.”
The Niobrara River is notable for its beauty, ecological importance, and recreational appeal in the northern
Great Plains, U.S.. Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special
mix of more than 160 plant and animal species. “It is filled with unique, even one-of-a-kind opportunities for the
curious and adventurous visitors,” said John Ricks, Nebraska Tourism director.
“97% of the U.S. population faces noise pollution from sources like flights and highways. In fact, the more
quiet we have, the more we can see and hear about the world, so we are thrilled to be able to offer it at Niobrara
National Scenic River. From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in
many other places,” stated Susan Cook, another director.
Areas like the Niobrara National Scenic River offer an opportunity to showcase quiet, unspoiled areas in a
noisy world. Today, as people’s life is overloaded with noise, the intentional seeking-out of quiet areas is on the
rise and with it, the opportunity to engage new travelers in visiting the beautiful, yet still largely hidden treasure of
the wild.
9．Which of the following best describes the testing process?
A．Flexible. B．Reliable. C．Simple. D．Loose.
10．What is a consequence of ecosystems meeting in the valley?
A．Ecology imbalance. B．Biodiversity enrichment.
C．Species competition. D．Tourism boost.
11．What does Susan Cook highlight in paragraph 4?
A．The joy of winning the award. B．The outcome of noise pollution.
C．The activities of enjoying quiet. D．The value of natural quiet.
12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To call on efforts to reconnect with nature.
B．To inform the recognition of a quiet river.
C．To display the challenges of protecting ecosystem.
D．To stress the need to escape busyness of modern life.
【名校模拟六：活动评价题】
（2024·河南郑州·三模）The public footpath lay barely 20 meters from where I stood, promising a walk
along the river, passing fields and through woodland, well away from any road. Yet there was something in my
way — the River Thames, whose water runs very fast.
I checked my map to see how to reach the path, but there was no other footpath that would lead me to the
island on which it sat. It was only accessible by boat.
It was this path that came to mind when, a few weeks later, I decided to try cross-country swimming, which
combines water and walking.
As I got into the river — its coolness was welcome on the warm August day — the weight of my suppliesdissipated. My back was free, and I simply pulled everything I needed in a bag behind me, feeling almost
weightless. I relaxed into the water, my hair flowing around my face as I slowly floated alongside dragonflies, a
moorhen (黑水鸡) and her chicks-none of which seemed to even acknowledge my presence.
The whole experience went by all too quickly and in no time I was drying off and walking back to the
station. Though cross-country swimming was invented to provide a challenge, I believed it had given me
something much more important — the confidence to try it by myself.
So I decided to return to my inaccessible island, the footpath by the Thames. I got into the waterway and
swam, exploring the island’s banks for a while. After 5 minutes of searching, the island let me in: I found my
entrance point alongside a tree and pulled myself out.
Though the Thames loop wasn’t that long a walk, and the swim was not too big a challenge, it represented
more than that. It gave me the chance to pioneer a new route never open to me before, the opportunity to reach a
picnic spot that otherwise would have been off limits and, when it came to that footpath, the ability to access the
previously inaccessible.
1．What initially prevented the author from reaching the public footpath?
A．Overgrown fields. B．A thick woodland.
C．A fast-flowing river. D．A lack of road map.
2．What does the underlined word “dissipated” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Spread. B．Remained. C．Disappeared. D．Increased.
3．Which word best describes the author’s cross-country swimming experience?
A．Thrilling. B．Encouraging. C．Embarrassing. D．Disappointing.
4．What does finding the footpath to the island mean to the author?
A．An escape from the real world. B．A chance to get close to nature.
C．A mental and physical pressure. D．A symbol of personal achievement.
（2024·四川南充·三模）Mountain lions are not commonly thought of as animals that swim well. But at
least for one adventurous cat, that couldn’t be further from the truth. A new study recorded a young male mountain
lion paddling (划水) two - thirds of a mile from the mainland of Washington State to an uninhabited island in
Puget Sound. The GPS-collared mountain lion, known as Nolan, took a winding path through the suburbs of
Olympia, and along the coast, before taking to the sea.
The researchers also combed through historical records and found evidence of mountain lions inhabiting an
additional four islands outside of the range of this youngster’s swim, all of over a mile from shore or the nearest
island. This suggests the animals can swim even farther at times, perhaps close to a mile and a quarter. Young
male mountain lions often undertake difficult and long journeys in search of new territory, as was the case for
Nolan.
“We’re redefining the mountain lion in our minds as an animal that can swim and is willing to swim,” says
study co-author Mark Elbroch. “Water shouldn’t be seen as a barrier to movement to any large animal.” In Brazil’s
Pantanal, mountain lions regularly swim in the vast wetland during the wet season. In 2010, Elbroch and his
colleagues documented a tagged cat repeatedly swimming across a large lake in Chilean Patagonia to eat domestic
sheep on an island, swimming 0.6 miles at a time.
Since mountain lion numbers are much lower than they once were and the animals avoid people, behaviors
like swimming remain underappreciated, experts say.
National Geographic Explorer Audra Huffmeyer agrees. While she wasn’t surprised that mountain lions canisland-hop in the Salish Sea, “the distances covered are incredible... the capacity of large mountain lions to get to
extreme habitats is pretty amazing”.
Nolan’s journey and all the data collected will help land managers understand where mountain lions travel,
and help identify corridors (走廊) that need to be protected, says Jim Williams, a biologist. And the Olympic
Peninsula certainly needs such guidance and protection, as its mountain lions have the lowest genetic diversity of
any in the area, records show.
5．Why did Nolan swim long distances?
A．To seek its partners. B．To reach a new habitat.
C．To hide from humans. D．To adapt to the wet climate.
6．How does the author support the underlined statement in Paragraph 3?
A．By presenting the research record. B．By providing numerous data.
C．By describing the study process. D．By quoting experts’ opinions.
7．What does Huffmeyer think of mountain lions’swimming ability?
A．Common. B．Limited. C．Unbelievable. D．Changeable.
8．What does the author intend to show in the last paragraph?
A．The advice on protecting mountain lions.
B．The threats mountain lions meet along their routes.
C．The corridors where mountain lions choose to travel.
D．The significance of the findings about mountain lions.
（2024·山西晋城·模拟预测）Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives. And they
may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary
form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips
(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted into our
brains that call interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction,
but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via
computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even
predict the abnormal neurological (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted
devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like-Parkinson’s disease, and
is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However, it’s another thing to place such devices in health y individuals. There are the practical concerns,
not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive
chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert (静止的) enough to not upset the delicate
processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them. Current
technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need
to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain? A surprising 60 per
cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theoretical. In reality, the possibility of
having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions
get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.
9．What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A．A summary of the article. B．An introduction to the main topic.
C．An overview of the whole article. D．An argument over the main topic.
10．What does the underlined word “implanted” mean in paragraph 2?
A．To put something into someone’s body by an operation.
B．To design something new over a period of time.
C．To prevent something from changing rapidly.
D．To get rid of something steadily.
11．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A．The process of human-computer interaction.
B．The possible treatment for particular diseases.
C．The future of microchips and devices alike.
D．The existing application of microchip implants.
12．Which word can best describe the technology of computer-brain interface implants?
A．Imaginary. B．Practical. C．Unfulfilled. D．Impossible.
【名校模拟七：写作手法题】
（2024·山西·模拟预测）Debate about artificial intelligence (AI) tends to focus on its potential dangers:
algorithmic (算法) discrimination,the mass destruction of jobs and even, some say, the extinction of humanity. As
some observers worry, however, others are focusing on the potential rewards. AI could, they claim, help humanity
solve some of its biggest and toughest problems. And, they say, AI will do this in a very specific way: by speeding
the pace of scientific discovery, especially in areas such as medicine, climate science and green technology.
Such claims are worth examining, and may head off fears about large-scale unemployment and killer
robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely praised as panaceas (灵丹妙药). The electric
telegraph was praised in the 1850s as a sign of world peace. Experts in the 1990s said the internet would reduce
inequality.
But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis,
because there have been several periods in history when new approaches and new tools did help bring about bursts
of world-changing scientific discovery and innovation.
In the 17th century microscopes and telescopes opened up new vistas of discovery, while the introduction
of scientific journals gave researchers new ways to share their findings. From the mid-20th century,computers in
turn have enabled new forms of science based on simulation and modelling, from the design of weapons and
aircraft to more accurate weather forecasting.
And the computer revolution may not be finished yet. As is reported, AI tools and techniques are now being
applied in almost every field of science, though the degree of adoption varies widely. 7.2% of the published papers
on physics and astronomy last year involved AI. AI is being employed in many ways. It can identify promising
candidates for analysis, such as molecules (分子) with particular properties in drug discovery,or materials with the
characteristics needed in batteries or solar cells.
All these are to be welcomed. But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific
practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries. AI has the potential to set off such a
transformation.1．How does paragraph 1 mainly develop?
A．By providing evidence.
B．By making comparison.
C．By making classification.
D．By analyzing causes and effects.
2．What’s the author’s attitude towards the experts’ opinion in the 1990s?
A．Optimistic.
B．Objective.
C．Disapproving.
D．Unconcerned.
3．What does the author want to express in paragraph 4?
A．Scientific journals bring about successful data analysis.
B．Scientific journals and computers remove people’s discrimination.
C．Scientific discovery and innovation have some potential problems.
D．Scientific great progresses benefit from new approaches and new tools.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．How AI Greatly Changes Science
B．Why AI Decides Human Beings’ Future
C．When Human Beings No Longer Fear AI
D．Where AI Performs Better in Scientific Fields
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Boxing Day is an institution in the British calendar, but there is no common
consensus as to how it got its name. According to some, it can be traced back to the Victorian era when churches
often displayed a box into which their parishioners (教区居民) put donations.
However, according to historian Dr Neil Armstrong, the naming of Boxing Day dates back to the 17th
century. This was the day, he said, when apprentices would have a box for their employers to tip them a coin or
two. While the boxes may have disappeared, the custom of tipping has remained.
In the Victorian age, the custom evolved. On Boxing Day, most tradespeople would give their clients a gift
to ensure their custom. There were concerns, said Dr Armstrong, that this was a form of bribery (行贿). This
custom declined in the 20th century as fewer people had relationships with their local businesses and shops
following the rise of supermarkets and shopping centres.
“It may not be the reason why Boxing Day got its name, but charitable giving was closely associated with
Boxing Day in the Victorian era, "said Dr Armstrong. "In the mid-19th century there began to be indiscriminate
(随意的) charitable giving. This would often be begging, and children were usually sent out to do this job.”
Nevertheless, the habit of generous charitable giving has continued to be associated with the festive period up to
the present day.
Boxing Day continued, however, to be a normal working day until 1871, when it was finally classed as a
public holiday. "They would often be working until very late on Christmas Eve, so they wanted a break on Boxing
Day, "Dr Armstrong said. Then it became known as a day of leisure. Organised sporting events such as football
matches became popular—a tradition which has carried on until today.
Boxing Day is observed in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and some
other Commonwealth nations. In America, December 26 is known as the Day after Christmas Day, and isobserved as a holiday in only a few states.
5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “institution” in the first paragraph?
A．Charity system. B．Unpopular festival.
C．Local organization. D．Social convention.
6．How is the passage mainly developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order. D．By making classification.
7．According to the passage, why did the Boxing Day custom of giving gifts decline in the 20th century?
A．Because of the indifferent relationships between people.
B．Because of the rise of supermarkets and shopping centres.
C．Because of a strict policy, which banned this form of bribery.
D．Because of the decrease in the number of tradespeople.
8．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To explain the origin of Boxing Day.
B．To explain how people celebrate Boxing Day.
C．To show that Boxing Day is named after a church donation box.
D．To advise people to celebrate Boxing Day.
（2024·宁夏银川·二模）From May to October in the southeastern US, five species of turtles, from
loggerheads to Kemp’s ridley, crawl (爬行) ashore under the cover of night to lay their eggs on the very beach
they were born. During this time, thousands of turtle-loving volunteers comb the shorelines looking for the turtles’
tracks as part of an ongoing effort to gather population data and protect the nests.
However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make “false crawls”, climbing out of
the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb huge areas of sand to hide their nests
from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing where the eggs are.
Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-detecting dog named Dory found the
location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers, according to a recent study led by Rebekah
Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and Environment division.
Lindborg teamed up with Pepe Peruyero, a dog behaviorist who has trained smell-detecting dogs for over
20 years. Peruyero selected a rescue dog named Dory, a two-year-old terrier mix found wandering along a Florida
highway, as the project’s poster dog.
Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach, Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at
the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her
handler. Then, the team convinced the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to allow a friendly
competition. During the peak nesting seasons, two groups went around a stretch of shoreline about five miles long
in Vero Beach, Florida.
The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while people found only 256. Dory was also
significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug,
Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to
deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.
9．How do female turtles make egg detection more difficult?
A．They make misleading tracks in the sand.B．They destroy their eggs deliberately.
C．They put their eggs in the water.
D．They build nests everywhere.
10．What is most helpful for Dory in finding turtle nests?
A．The nature of digging.
B．The sense of competition.
C．The warning from its trainer.
D．The matter on a turtle’s newly laid eggs.
11．How is paragraph 6 mainly developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By describing courses.
C．By making comparisons. D．By offering explanations.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．The kindness of a man who protects turtle nests.
B．A dog that can find turtle nests successfully.
C．The difficulty of building turtle nests.
D．A new discovery about turtle nests
