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►专题 12 阅读理解微技能之判断推理题
讲
考点精
【思维导图】
【判断推理题微技能】
1．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供
的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可以判断
正确答案。
典题印证
Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller
believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term
impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he
says.
Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.
A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old
B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand
C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future
D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of
答案 D
[解析] 推理判断题。根据段后一句“We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of
unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.可知我们现在还
不知道所签署的这些长期的无意义的合同未来会给他们带来什么样的影响。也不知道未来人们会怎么利用这样的信息。故D项正确。
2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题
考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、
网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有
基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。
典题印证
EU members’ states have agreed to ban a toxic substance widely found in clothing because it poses an “acceptable
risk” to the environment. Countries voted in favor of extending existing restrictions on nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE)
to imports of clothing and other textile products.
The measure is intended to protect species in water. Use of NPE in textile manufacture in Europe was banned over
10 years ago but the substance is still released into the water environment through imported textiles being washed.
...........
A 2011 study by Greenpeace found NPE in two-thirds of clothes tested, including items sold by big-name brands
such as Adidas, H&M, Lacoste, and Ralph Lauren. The NGO (Non-Governmental Organizations) argued that although
concentrations of NPE found in the clothes were low, the chemical’s existence in the environment posed a risk.
..........
Which section of the website does the text come from?
A. Lifestyle. B. Technology. C. Business. D. Environment.
答案 D
[解析] 推理判断题。这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了欧盟禁止在织物中使用一种对环境有害的物质 NPE，
这种物质在织物清洗时会释放到水中，影响水环境，进而影响水中鱼类的生长。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是
第一段的 EU members' states have agreed to ban a toxic substance widely found in clothing because it poses an
''acceptable risk'' to the environment.(欧盟的成员国已经同意禁止一种广泛存在于服装中的有毒物质，因为它对
环境构成了“可接受的风险”)可知，本文主要讲述了欧盟禁止在织物中使用一种对环境有害的物质 NPE，这
种物质在织物清洗时会释放到水中，影响水环境，进而影响水中鱼类的生长。由此推测本文很有可能出现在网
页的环境相关的板块。D. Environment.(环境)符合以上说法，故选D项。
3．写作意图类推断题
要求根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，
客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握，阅读时务必找准
文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。
典题印证
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s
called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21，but since it has caught
on，events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples.To people who are used
to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets，it can be quite an eye opener
to see the range of classical apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it
doesn’t taste of anything special，it’s still worth a try，as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a
curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality
is Orleans Reinette，but you’ll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so it’s a pipe dream for
most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events，you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions，and because
these are family affairs，children are well catered for with applethemed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial
orchards．If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near
Faversham in Kent.
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To show how to grow apples.
B．To introduce an apple festival.
C．To help people select apples.
D．To promote apple research.
答案 B
[解析] 写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage
of Apple Day to see what’s around.”和最后一段最后一句“If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting
the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日——Apply
Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日。
4．态度倾向类推断题
考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，
对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：(1)中性词：
uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等；(2)褒义词：positive(积极的)，
supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶
的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。
典题印证The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of
adult identity.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today’s
students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to
come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and
dependence on family，thanks to cell phones，email and social media，have increased significantly.Some parents go
so far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to
autonomy and adult responsibility ， universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same
environment as that of the home.
What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Neutral.
答案 B
[解析] 观点态度题。文章第一段作者说现在的大学生没有承担起成人的责任，第二段作者分析了原因，指出
由于父母的引导延伸到了大学导致学生自主能力的缺失。
附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
1. positive 肯定的,积极的 10.subjective 主观的
2. passive 被动的，消极的 11.objective 客观的
3. negative 消极的 12.neutral 中立的
4. supportive 支持的 13.concerned 关心的，有关的
5. disapproving 不赞成的 14.optimistic 乐观的
6. critical 批评的 15.pessimistic 悲观的
7. conservative 保守的 16.indifferent 漠不关心的
8. suspicious 可疑的，怀疑 17.unconcerned 不关心的
的
9. puzzled/ confused 困惑的
_____
练
真题演1．细节推断题
片段节选
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a
wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving,
as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and
public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they
are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方
法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be
getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的
方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective
意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题
片段节选
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 =
15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be
submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”
和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的
四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自
一个课程计划。故选C项。
3．写作意图类推断题
片段节选
WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!
We want to prevent serious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and African
swine fever from spreading to Finland. These and other animal diseases can be transmitted from one country to another
by animals or by meat and dairy products even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts.
Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.
Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products
from non-EU countries to Finland!
A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent
through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you
have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs!
Whom is this notice intended for?
A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland.
C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries.
答案 B
[解析] 写作意图类推断题。该应用文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通
知，并对人们进行了建议和指引。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的
通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts.
Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消
费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传
播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。
4．态度倾向类推断题
片段节选We already have enough food, so why create more that could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all
wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not
worth the risk.
What’s the author’s attitude towards genetic engineering?
A.welcoming B.disapproving C.unconcerned D.optimistic
答案 B
[解析] 态度推理判断题。文章最后一段结尾表明作者态度，即在没有充分了解GE食品对我们影响之前，作
者觉得没必要冒险。
_____
测
好题必
2022年6月新高考I卷D篇
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved
around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance
of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay
of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable
since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of
a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今
天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个
复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
2022年6月新高考全国Ⅱ卷D篇Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start.
But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of
an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger
groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项
研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，
妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
2022年1月浙江卷C篇
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing
list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less
likely to develop dementia（失智症）in later life-and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty
women.
Lead researcher Dr.Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden,said:“These findings are
exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular（心血管的）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”
For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired
out to measure their peak（最大值的）cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at
103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or
higher. While 92 women were in the medium fitness category; A total of 59 were of low fitness level ,with a
peak workload of 80 watts or less,or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that
time,44 of the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed
dementia,compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low
fitness."However,this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it
only shows an association.said Horder. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a
positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most
important." She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied,all of whom were from
Sweden,so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B.Data collection was a lengthy process.
C.Some participants withdrew from it.
D.The results were far from satisfactory.
【解析】推断题。根据最后一段第一句以及最后一段More research is needed to see …可知数据的采集是漫长的。
故选B.
2021年6月新高考2卷B篇
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have
ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them
round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really
looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home
with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no
risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we
had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd
turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some
tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a
production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew
it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always
a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time thatwe had them.
What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy
required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾
它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累
人。故选B。
2021年6月全国乙卷B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline
（座机）?
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone.
In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,
anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their
smartphones, according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's
not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13
percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因
素）—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers
who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the
makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather
than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our
home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick
up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A.It remains a family necessity.B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses.
D.It is as important as the gas light.
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干信息last paragraph，定位到原文最后一段How long until they go the way of gas
street lamps and morning milk deliveries? 。分析可知，煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶服务都离我们现在的生活比较久
远，它们基本已经消失了。作者发出疑问：多久以后座机会走上煤气路灯、早晨送牛奶服务的老路呢？因此可
以推测，座机有一天也会消失。选项B中的fall out of use意为开始不用、渐渐废弃，符合文意。故选B。
2021年6月浙江卷C篇
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto
something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images（图像） of the same person making either
a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the
person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing
them the other half of the person's face or images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found
that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one
would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training
to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures bused on a
simple cue, such as the sight of teeth, " said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful
dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth
having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial
expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions
in humans."To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives
them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, ” and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn
to distinguish between them, Muller said.
What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A.Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B.Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C.Pictures used in the two stages were different.
D.The dogs were photographed before the test.
【解析】推断题。根据第二段第三句 "The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human
facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face or images totally different from the ones used in
training." 可知，训练时和测试时使用的人脸照片完全不同，故选C。
2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees （黑猩猩） use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than
5, 000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be
recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures, " she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language
in that respect."
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another
animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a
significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: "Climb on me." The youngster immediately jumps on to
its mother's back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species（物种）
out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans, " said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy
in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were "a little
disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still
missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions, " she said. "Moreover, the meanings seem to not
go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains."What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
【解析】推理判断题。 根据题干的关键信息 Dr. Shultz 可以定位到原文的第 6 段，通过第 6 段的
"praiseworthy" 以及 "a little disappointing" 可知Shultz教授认为这个研究是有价值的，但是还是有点令人失望，
接着第7段Shultz继续阐述了其观点。再结合选项内容，可以推断出B选项最符合原文的推断。故答案为B。
2021年6月新高考I卷D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional （情感的） intelligence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be
measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills."
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond
skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help
her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily
make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,
the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis （重视）on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and
researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances
in science will offer new perspectives （视角） from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional
intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
2. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
A.To explain a rule.B.To clarify a concept.
C.To present a fact.
D.To make a prediction.
3.What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
【解析】
2推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph 2，定位到第二段We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as…；分
析可知，我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者
便分别列举了doctor和cheater用于解释说明 "好目的" 和 "坏目的" 。由此我们可以推测，作者提及doctor
和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。
3推理判断题。根据题干信息 popularization of emotional intelligence 定位到第三段：Although popular beliefs
regarding… the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 分析可知，虽然大众对于情
商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究） 是利大于
弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（the most positive aspect of this popularization…）。可知，
作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。
2021年6月全国甲卷D篇
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go
beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or
creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is
not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the
genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or
belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender（性别）are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." Can our planet afford
to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes ofgenius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class
do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence,
creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."
1.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A.They're unfair. B.They're conservative. C.They're objective. D.They're strict.
2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A.They think themselves smart.
B.They look up to great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
【解析】主旨概要：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了天才的实质，批评了天才种族轮和性别轮，并指出其危害。
1.推理判断题。根据题干 "victors' standards for joining the genius club" 定位到第二段 It's said that history is
written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were
made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and
rejected by others. 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而这些胜利者为天才俱乐部设定了准入标准。当俱乐部外的天
才——女性、不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们得不到认可，也会被其他人拒绝），据此可以推断出
作者认为胜利者的标准是不公平的，所以选A项。
2推理判断题。根据题干girls from the study in Science定位到第三段A study recently published by Science found
that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）are "really, really
smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be
for children who are "really, really smart." 《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不
可能说出自己性别的成员，更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们的行为都是基于这样的信念：在六岁左右，她们开始
避免从事那些所谓 "非常聪明" 的孩子们的活动）。据此可推知女孩有可能被社会错误信念所影响，故选D项。
_____
题型组合练
1.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】
Talking to someone on a train, bus, or subway can be risky yet exciting, as you never know when they’re going toget off. Starting a connection can be fun as the costs are fairly low and you can easily start and stop a conversation, or
get off if things become awkward. ____36____
Make eye contact. Making brief eye contact can show the persons that you’re interested and help you judge
whether they are interested in you. Glance at the persons and try to hold your gaze (注视) for just a second or
two.____37____If they meet your gaze, it’s likely positive. If they look away quickly or appear disinterested, it’s
probably best not to approach.
Smile at the persons. If you’ve successfully met their gaze, smile at them.
____38____If they smile back, you’re likely in luck in getting them to talk to you.
If you want to start a conversation with the persons, smiling is a great way to get somebody’s attention.
____39____Make a point to appear open, comfortable and available. Do this by keeping your arms uncrossed. Stand
or sit up straight and show good posture (姿势). Don’t cross your body or turn away from the persons, as these gestures
can make you appear closed off or disinterested.
Approach the persons to start talking to them. ____40____If you’re far away, move closer. You should be a
comfortable distance where you can hear each other yet not feel awkward if the conversation doesn’t work out.
A. Use open body language.
B. Mind your manners while talking.
C. Notice how they respond to your gaze.
D. Don’t worry because you can follow some tips that make you smile.
E. Once you’ve read that the persons are interested in chatting, make a move.
F. A small but sincere smile makes you appear interested, friendly and approachable.
G. Therefore, try to get someone’s attention and start a conversation by following the tips.
【答案】36. G 37. C 38. F 39. A 40. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述如何在火车、公共汽车或地铁上开始一段对话
【36题详解】
根据上文“Starting a connection can be fun as the costs are fairly low and you can easily start and stop a
conversation, or get off if things become awkward. (开始一段关系是很有趣的，因为成本相当低，你可以很容
易地开始和结束一段对话，或者如果事情变得尴尬就离开)”结合下文关于如何开始一段对话的建议可知，空
处内容应开启下文，指出开始和别人对话是有方可循的，G项“Therefore, try to get someone’s attention and
start a conversation by following the tips.(因此，试着引起别人的注意，按照下面的建议开始对话)”符合文意。
故选G项。【37题详解】
根据前文“Glance at the persons and try to hold your gaze for just a second or two.(看一眼对方，试着保持你
的目光停留一两秒钟)”以及后文“If they meet your gaze, it’s likely positive. (如果他们与你目光相遇，那很可
能是积极的)”可知，空处应是注意对方的回应，C项“关注他们对你的目光作何反应”符合题意。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据后文“If they smile back, you’re likely in luck in getting them to talk to you.(如果他们也对你微笑，你很可
能会幸运地让他们和你说话)”中的smile back可知，空处应该是你对他人微笑，F项“一个小而真诚的微笑会
让你显得感兴趣、友好、平易近人”符合题意，smile为原词复现。故选F项。
【39题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据后文“Do this by keeping your arms uncrossed. Stand or sit up straight and show
good posture. Don’t cross your body or turn away from the persons, as these gestures can make you appear
closed off or disinterested.(保持双臂不交叉。站或坐直，表现良好的姿势。不要越过你的身体或转身离开对方，
因为这些动作会让你看起来封闭或不感兴趣)”可知，本段主要讲与人交流时要用开放的身体姿势，所以A项
“使用开放的肢体语言”符合。故选A项。
【40题详解】
根据前文“Approach the persons to start talking to them. (接近这些人，开始和他们交谈)”以及后文“If
you’re far away, move closer. (如果你离得很远，那就靠近点)”可知，如何这些人喜欢聊天的话，就可以和他
们走得更近点。E项“一旦你得知对方对聊天感兴趣，就采取行动”符合题意。故选E项。
2.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】
There are many sources of debate on a long Toad trip, including route selection, the choice of snacks, and,
probably most importantly, what to Play on the radio. Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio
without the need for headphones has been a goal of car makers for decades, and scientists may have finally
managed it.
A team from the University of Le Mans in France carefully positioned microphones, speakers and filters（过
滤器）to create personalised sound zones (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regions are where sound from a
set of speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can not be heard.
One barrier which scientists have previously been unable to overcome was the impact of moving one’s
seat. They were able to form a PSZ, but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or
backwards.
The French team created a new algorithm(算法) specifically to tackle this issue, which handles the
sound waves to create “bright” and “dark” zones in the car. “Loudspeakers are placed in the headrests, and
specific filters for each transducer(换能器) are calculated to reproduce a sound signal that maintains
good quality in the zone under consideration and is strongly weakened in other zones.” said Dr Lucas Vindrola,
the author of the study. “The key to the technique working properly is having sufficient microphones placedaround the car to detect how many people are in the car and where they are sitting. The price to pay is to have
control microphones in the passenger section, so that the algorithm can work.”
However, the technique is not yet ready to be commercially rolled out as a luxurious optional extra just yet,
as it currently works only for a limited range of frequencies.
28. What was once a challenge for scientists?
A. PSZs could hardly be formed.
B. The sound of moving a seat is loud,
C. They couldn’t create movable PSZs.
D. The seats couldn’t be moved back and forth.
29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. How the impact of moving one’s seat was addressed.
B. Why enough microphones are placed around the car.
C. When the algorithm can work well for all passengers.
D. Where “bright” and “dark” zones are created in the car.
30. What can we infer about the new technique?
A. It currently works without limitation.
B. It has been put into use commercially.
C. It can function well with enough microphones.
D. It is costly to detect the position of microphones.
31. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To launch a new debate.
B. To tackle an old problem.
C. To advertise an algorithm.
D. To introduce a new technology.
【答案】 28.C 29. A 30.D 31.C
【解析】大意：本文是科技说明文，文章是关于如何运用新技术让在车上的每个人都可以在不带耳机的情况
下，听到自己喜欢听的音乐。
28. C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards
or backwards可知PSZs没有办法随着座位移动而移动，因此选C。
29. A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句的中心句 The French team created a new algorithm (算法)
specifically to tackle this issue可知，本段是要解决PSZs没有办法跟着移动的问题，采用新的算法以及
放置足够多的麦克风来控制，因此选A。
30. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的 The key to the technique working properly is having enough microphones
placed around the car可知，算法的成功与否的关键取决于是否有足够多的麦克风放置在车中，故选D。
31. C。主旨概括题。根据文章开头的Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio …and scientists may
have finally managed it可知，本文主要介绍科学家们运用新的技术让每个人都听到自己喜欢听的音乐，
接下来第二段到第四段分别对怎么用新技术，碰到了哪些挑战以及怎么战胜挑战进行了描述，最后指出
这项发明的局限性，故选C。
3.【安徽省皖江名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Laba Festival, also simply called “Laba”, falls on the eighth day of the ____41____ (twelve) month of the
Chinese lunar year, which month is pronounced as “la” in Chinese.
Since it is in the last lunar month, the festival ____42____ (imply) saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the
new, and often regarded as ____43____ warm-up celebration for the upcoming Spring Festival.
This festival may date back to the ancient Chinese custom of ____44____ (sacrifice) offerings to the ancestors. As
for its origin, one story has it ____45____ the Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang herded (放牧) the landowner’s cattle when
he was a child. He was locked in a small room ____46____ one of the cattle broke its leg and the landowner didn’t give
him any food for three days. Zhu was starved to death and searched every corner of the room. He found a mouse hole
and ____47____ (dig) out some beans, grain and some other food, so he put them together ____48____ (make) some
porridge (粥) and found it delicious.
Later, Zhu Yuanzhang made himself an emperor. When he thought of the delicious porridge he ate in the
____49____ (child), he ordered his servants to cook sweet porridge and shared with the top officials. Afterwards, the
officials learned to cook the porridge themselves and introduced it to the civil society. _____50_____ (gradual) eating
porridge became a traditional custom.
【答案】41. twelfth 42. implies 43. a 44. sacrificing 45. that 46. because##as
47. dug 48. to make 49. childhood 50. Gradually
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是腊八节的典故。
【41题详解】
考查序数词。句意：腊八节，或简称“腊八”，在每年农历十二月初八，在中国，农历十二月亦即腊月。结合
语意，此处是指农历的第十二个月，所以应用序数词twelfth表示排序。故填twelfth。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：因为腊八节在农历的最后一个月，所以寓意辞旧迎新，而且经常被视为是即将到
来的春节的“前奏”。此处是陈述一个一般事实，所以时态应为一般现在时。主语 festival是第三人称单数，
所以谓语动词imply也应用单数形式。故填implies。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：因为腊八节在农历的最后一个月，所以寓意辞旧迎新，而且经常被视为是春节到来的“前
奏”。结合语意，此处泛指腊八节是春节前的一个“前奏”（“热身”节庆），且warm-up发音以辅音音素开
头，所以此处应用冠词a修饰celebration。故填a。
【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：腊八节可能源于中国祭祀祖先的古代习俗。of是介词，后面接动词时动词应用动名词
形式。sacrifice的动名词形式为sacrificing。故填sacrificing。
【45题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：至于腊八节的典故，传说源于明朝皇帝朱元璋，他小时候放养地主家的牛。…have/has
it that…是固定句型，意为“据说，据传”。故填that。
【46题详解】
考查连词。句意：因为有头牛摔断了腿，所以他被锁进一个小房间里，而且地主三天没有给他任何食物。结合
语意，有头牛摔断了腿是他被锁进小房间里的原因，所以此处应用连词 because或as表原因。故填because或
as。
【47题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他找到了一个老鼠洞，挖出了一些豆子、谷物和其他一些食物，于是他将这些食物一并
放入煮粥，结果发现味道不错。结合语意，事情发生在过去，所以此处时态应为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过
去式，dig的过去式为dug。故填dug。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他找到了一个老鼠洞，挖出了一些豆子、谷物和其他一些食物，于是他将这些食物一
并放入煮粥，结果发现味道不错。分析句子结构可知，动词 make和谓语动词put之间没有连词，所以此处
make应用非谓语形式。结合语意，此处make应用不定式to make，充当目的状语。故填to make。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：他想起了小时候喝过的粥很美味，于是他令下人煮甜粥，并分给高官一起享用。结合语意，
此处是指“在小时候”，应用in the childhood表示。故填childhood。
【50题详解】
考查副词。句意：渐渐地，喝粥便成为了传统习俗。分析句子结构可知，此处应填副词Gradually，作状语，
修饰整个句子。句首字母要大写。故填Gradually。
