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专题 09 阅读理解之推理判断题——由内及外
相较于细节理解题来说，阅读理解题 型中的 推理判 断题、词
层级二 句猜测题、主旨大意题，题目相对比较难。对于这类题目，
拉分题目分分抢 在考前复习中要特别关注，要迎难而上，认真分析，努力争
创高分。
近3年高考推理判断题题量统计 考纲解读
年份
(1)推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文
2022 2021 2020
卷别
的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出
新高考卷Ⅰ 7 5
发，由里及外，运用逻辑思维，同时借
新高考卷II 5 5 助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的
全国卷Ⅰ(全国乙 能力。
5 6 5
卷) (2)高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以
全国卷Ⅱ(全国甲 下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意
3 8 3
卷) 图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观
点态度。
全国卷Ⅲ 4
推理判断题相对于细节理解题，难度较高，特别是新高考阅读理解加大了对文章深层
理解题的考查，不仅要求理解作者言外之意，还要求对文章的写作意图和写作手法作出评
判，这些题目往往成为考生得高分的拦路虎。这就要求考生具有较高的阅读理解能力，掌
握一定阅读技巧，仔细阅读，认真分析，确保突破难点得高分。2m
命题方式 解题捷径 选项特征
1.We can infer from the 解答推理判断题目时一
正确选项特征
(first .../last) paragraph that 定要透过字里行间，去体会
1．“立足原文，只推一
________． 作者的“弦外之音”和“言
步”，即根据原文内容，一
2．The passage/author 外之意”，在进行推断时，步即可推得。
2．选项中一般不可以出现绝
implies/suggests that 要据文推理、合情推理，不
对概念 。如 onl y, never, all,
__________． 可脱离原文主观臆断。
absolutely等，正确答案常用
3．It can be concluded from 1．定位原文，字斟句酌，
一些相对能够留有一些余地
the passage that ________． “一步推导”定隐含推断题
的词汇，如often, usually,
4．The main purpose of the 2．依照首段、尾段、文体特
sometimes, some, may,
passage is __________． 征及文章来源判断
probably等。
5．Where does this passage 3．利用褒贬词汇，判断观点
干扰选项特征
probably come from? 态度
1．张冠李戴
6．What’s the author’s attitude 4．围绕主题， 恰当判断写
2.无中生有
towards...？ 作意图
3．曲解文意
4.扩缩范围
微技能一 隐含推断题——“一步推导”知隐含
近几年高考隐含推断题一般考查5题左右，高考越来越倾向考查学生对文章深层的理
解能力，隐含推断题主要考查以下几个方面：
1．细节推断题，即根据文章特定细节进行推断；
2．综合推断题，即根据全段、甚至全篇，结合多处信息推断文章寓意或深层意义；
3．逻辑推断题，即严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，
从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。21cnjy.com
细节推断题——关键信息显神功
细节推断题：要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身
份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用
逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。
【典例1】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读A)
Hotel__and__Hostel__Des__Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10－minute walk from the central city station and
it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions.The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a
map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.However, you need to
pay 2 euros a day for Wi－Fi.
23．What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?版权所有
A．It gets noisy at night. B．Its staff is too talkative.
C．It charges for Wi－Fi. D．It’s inconveniently located.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes第二步 定位到原文：从题干Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes 可将考查内容定位到第四个广
告下的信息中。“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi－Fi.”
第三步 仔细比对选项：从该信息可知，该旅社离中心城市车站很近、靠近很多的景点、
员工友好乐于助人、提供城市地图、尽可能提供建议。但每天需要支付无线网络费2欧元。
故选C。【出处：】
综合推断题——多处信息推隐含
综合推断题：有些推理判断题，很难从某一句话或某几句话推断出其含义，这时就需要在
弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，从而确定最
佳结论。
【典例2】 (2021·八省市联考阅读C)
Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are
impossible.The magician is a specially trained actor.He tries to make the audience believe that he
has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.
Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are
done.The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology,
and, sometimes, on mechanical devices(机械装置)．Since magic performance is meant to trick
people, the use of psychology is important.The magician must keep people from noticing all the
movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment.He must also
lead the audience to draw false conclusions.The magician’s success depends on the fact that many
things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to
disappear.A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects.For example, the
magician puts a small ball under one of several cups.The ball then seems to jump from one cup to
another or to change colour.What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand
movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball.While doing this he talks to the audience and
waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand.The audience is too busy watching the cloth and
listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole
again.What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by
quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.Then he “magically” makes it appear
whole again by displaying(展示)another object that has not been cut or burned.
11．What can we infer from the text?
A．Mechanical devices are expensive.
B．Most magicians employ assistants.
C．It takes practice to perform magic.
D．Small objects are magicians’ favourite.【分析】
第一步 通读题目找出题干关键词：infer from the text
第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：通过文章第一段中The magician is a specially trained
actor.和第二段中The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands..., 第三段
中．..employing quick hand movements...和第四段中．..by quickly hiding it...可知， 魔术师
的操作都是微妙和迅速的， 还需要熟悉心理学去转移观众的注意力。
第三步 仔细比对选项：由以上信息可知，变魔术需要下功夫练习。故选C。
逻辑推断题——逻辑关系细推敲
逻辑推断题：逻辑推断是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料
进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类题的前提是获得短文的主题思想或列举的
具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断。
【典例3】 (2021·全国甲卷阅读B)
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival
of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽)．When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became
the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the
new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养)．
24．Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A．Costly. B．Controversial.
C．Ambitious. D．Successful.
【分析】
第一步 通读题目找出题干关键词：describes
第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据本段第二句“she became the 40th black rhino to
be born at the reserve”，该动物保护区已经成功繁育出40头稀有黑犀；最后一句“especially
as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养)”，可知黑犀的繁育难
度很高。
第三步 仔细比对选项：综合前面两句话提供的信息，可以推出，黑犀繁育效果很好，结
合上下文语境可以推出，该项目非常成功。故选D。
微技能二 观点态度题——忠于措辞定态度
观点态度题是高考英语阅读常考的一种题型，也是考生很容易失分的一种题型。文章
作者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修
饰词之中。常见的设问方式有：
·How does the author feel about...？
·What does the author think of...?
·What is the author’s attitude towards/to...?
·The author’s attitude towards...can be described as ________．4关注1不要
(1)关注首段首尾句，确定文章主题，判断作者的观点态度。
(2)关注but后表示观点态度的语句来判断作者或文中人物的观点。
(3)关注作者所举的例子或者所引用的话语，来判断文章作者或文中人物的态度倾向。
(4)关注文章语言的褒贬来判断作者的态度。
(5)不要将个人的好恶态度揉进题中，要学会分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。
牢记4类选项常用词汇
positive积 极乐观的； optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；hopeful有希望
肯定
的；promising有前途的；favourable赞许的
negative否定的，消极的；disapproving 不赞成的；critical 批评的；
否定
unfavourable不赞同的
怀疑 suspicious可疑的，怀疑的；doubtful可疑的
主/客观 subjective主观的；objective客观的
neutral中立的；indifferent不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；unconcerned
中立
不关心的
【典例4】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读D)
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重
视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well－
being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re－
evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
34．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
【分析】
第一步 通读题目找出题 干 关键词： the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional
intelligencewww.21-cn-jy.com
第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据第三段的首句Although popular beliefs regarding
emotional intelligence run far...more beneficial than harmful.可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。
www-2-1-cnjy-com
第三步 仔细比对选项： 又根据 The most positive aspect of this popularization...和The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。故选
A。
微技能三 写作意图/手法题——文章主旨推意图考查判断作者写作意图/手法的试题是阅读理解题中较高层次的题目。写作意图与文
章主题不同，但与它关系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意题的一种变体。二者的异同可以从
下面的对比中看出：文章主旨是中心思想、文章大意，而写作意图则阐述文章为何表达这
个中心思想。在高考中既可能考查全文的写作意图，又可能考查某处细节或某一段落的写
作意图。近几年高考写作意图/手法题主要考查以下几个方面：1.考查整篇文章的写作意图；
2.考查某处细节的写作意图；3.考查作者的写作手法。
从写作文体推断写作意图
一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，
记叙文
所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。
新闻报道通常由导语和主体组成。把握导语就是找到了整篇文章的主旨，进而
新闻报道
了解写作意图。
文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。写作
应用文
意图主要为告知、推销或者吸引读者参观等。
说明文 写作意图有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。
议论文 提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。
从写作手法推断写作意图
从字里行间推断写作意图
在阅读中，有时作者并未把写作意图说出来，需要读者在理解整体语篇的基础上，根
据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，推敲作者的写作意图。21*cnjy*com
【典例5】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读D)
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either
good or bad purposes.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by
a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential
victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.21教育名创
33．Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A．To explain a role. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact. D．To make a prediction.
【分析】
第一步 审读题目找出题干关键词：paragraph 2第二步 从字里行间推断写作意图：由第二段首句We prefer to describe emotional
intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.可知本段主
要介绍情商的概念。
第三步 仔细比对选项：比对选项可知，提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。
故选B。
微技能四 文章出处、类别/读者对象题—文体特征推出处
几乎所有的文章都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。推断文章出处或类别
要从文章内容、语言特色和标志信息着手；确定读者对象要从文章主题和文章措辞来判断。
熟知8类文体判文章出处
3步确定读者对象
【典例6】 (2021·八省市联考阅读A)
The Pre－College Program offers non－credit courses.Students will experience college－level
courses given by some of our college’s leading experts and will receive written feedback (反馈)
on their work at the end of the course.Pre－College students will also receive a grade of
Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.21·育
1．Who is the text intended for?
A．The general public. B．College freshmen.
C．Educational experts. D．High school students.
【分析】
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息：the text intended for
第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据文章第一段第一句“The Pre－College Program
offers non－credit courses.”和第一段中的“ Pre－college students will also receive a grade ofSatisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.”可推
知，这篇文章是写给大学预科生即高中生的。
第三步 本题的关键是理解Pre－College的意思，前缀pre－的意思是“在……前；先于”，
由此可以推出答案。故选D。2-1-c-n-j-y
精做高考真题
Passage 1、（2022·浙江·高考真题）
Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has
found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate
sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately
beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of
knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the
arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially
in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in
many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter,
while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the
corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by
the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology
at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get
people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things
that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas
about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to
higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life
satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
1．What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A．It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B．Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C．Simpler jobs require greater caution. D．Moderate effort produces the best result.
2．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
3．What does the text seem to advocate?
A．Middle-of-the-road work habits. B．Balance between work and family.
C．Long-standing cultural traditions. D．Harmony in the work environment.
Passage 2、（2022·北京·高考真题）
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my
ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on,
constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of
this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it
consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high
school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to
make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting
allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had
seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking
back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self
would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly
after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet
groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the
applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest
obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me
that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say
good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and
be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
What can we learn from this passage?
A．Practice makes perfect. B．Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C．Action is worry’s worst enemy. D．Everything comes to those who wait.
Passage 3、（2021·北京·高考真题）
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester
（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us
to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children
（OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a
difference with the plans I had in mind．Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After
doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went
online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in
sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without
hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits
——one kit，one child．
The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into
collecting the items finally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it
hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．
Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was
completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．
I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good
grade on．When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had
was one I would never forget．
In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now
that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our
efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．
What can we conclude from this passage？
A．One's potential cannot always be underrated．
B．First impression cannot always be trusted．
C．Actions speak louder than words．
D．He who hesitates is lost．
Passage 4、（2021·浙江高考真题）
Leslie Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his
life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned
inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be
discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood
Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However,
becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until
he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn’t quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be
doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It
wasn’t until 1980 — 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made
for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence
alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the
comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a senseof curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the comer. He never
stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful
career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a
single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
What does Nielsen’s career story tell us?
A．Art is long, life is short. B．He who laughs last laughs longest.
C．It’s never too late to learn. D．Where there’s a will there’s a way.
Passage 5、（2020·江苏·高考真题）
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for
health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far
less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive
but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of
those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and
took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an
average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of
these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty
stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal
about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the
men’s blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the
men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped
breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty
stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡
路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the
researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten
or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood
sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with
improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before
exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it
may be wise to skip eating first.
What could be learned from the research?A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
挑战名校考题
Passage 1、（2022·北京四中高三期中质量检测）
Virtual reality is quickly becoming the new technological frontier. Tech companies
everywhere seem to be racing to get their foot in the VR door. However, Virtual reality has a set
of challenges and hurdles that it must overcome in order to work well. Michael Abrash, a writer
and programmer, listed a number of these in a speech from 2014; they include things like low
latency, high refresh rate, high resolution, a wide field of view and rock solid tracking, among
others. Even if you don’t quite understand the technical aspects of those terms, it should be noted
that VR is heavily dependent on being very fast, very accurate and very good-looking. If it isn’t,
the viewer will feel motion sick or disconnected from the world that VR is trying to create.
Now that we can actually build VR headsets that begin to meet these requirements, we are
seeing a rising interest in VR. As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be
experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should
always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling.
What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
Some journalists and publications are already utilizing VR. Vice creative director Spike
Jonze, in a collaboration with director and visual artist Chris Milk, put viewers at the scene of the
Millions March protest in New York in December, 2014. The University of Southern California
created “Project Syria,” which allows viewers to experience the bombing of a crowded
neighborhood and visit a refugee camp in the titular, war-torn country. These are just a few
examples of a growing number of projects that are out there.
Virtual reality is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching
something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows for people to
connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience
is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect. The possibilities for storytelling here
are legion, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should
surely be considering the sheer power of VR.
The question of virtual reality, though, is not how powerful it is. That is immediately
apparent. The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to
do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR
faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR
technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
Accessibility was one concern for Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass
communications, who said that current VR technology is pretty exclusive right now. Despite that,he said he doesn’t think the exclusivity of this technology will be a problem in the long run.
“I think it’s very promising,” Hallaq said. “We’re seeing more technology become
accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.” If the
technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can
overcome the inherent hurdles, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like
radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.
What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology?
A．optimistic B．neutral C．pessimistic D．concerned
Passage 2、（2022·山西省长治市第二中学校高三诊断测试）
17-year-old Dasia Taylor was named one of 40 finalists in the Regeneron Science Talent
Search (STS), the nation’s most famous Science and math competition for high school seniors.
Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating
an infection. pH is one of the most common parts of wound healing, Dasia said. It changes very
quickly, so it’s one of the fastest ways to recognize infection.
So, she started experimenting with root vegetables. “I found that beet changed color at the
perfect pH point,” says Taylor. “That’s perfect for an infected wound. And so, I was like, ‘Oh,
okay. So beet is where it’s at’.” Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from
bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. After more than a year of
research, Taylor is working on getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in developing countries where they can save lives and
money. “The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in
developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to
surgical site infections,” she said. “I was like there is no way that that should be happening. The
equity part of my brain and all the work that I do around equity was like ‘That shouldn’t be
happening. They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So, my goal is
to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.”
After graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally
become a lawyer.
1．What did Dasia discover in her experiment?
A．Beet has the same pH level. B．Beet can change color at different times.
C．Beet therapy is good for wound healing.D．Beet can be used to help her with the invention.
2．What can we learn about Dasia?
A．She has won the invention patent.
B．She became the winner of the Regeneron STS.
C．She made contributions to surgical infection recognition.
D．She helped save lots of lives and money in developing countries.
3．What will Dasia’s future career probably involve?
A．Medical and health work. B．Medical device development.C．Something about the legal aid. D．Medical and science research.
Passage 3、（2022·内蒙古·赤峰二中高三月考检测）
Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he
came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb
and car keys. They would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.
Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he
would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”
I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would
excitedly turn the tap on, and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could.
Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me,
and place the comb on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started
primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and
our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did
come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen
to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble?
Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check
on him.
Now 28, I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get
back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on.
Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. On that evening, I helped him
carry his bags into his study as usual. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I
looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.
It was a new comb. This one was brown. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning
it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different.
My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as
heartwarming as before.
1．From the first three paragraphs, we can learn ________.
A．the precious green comb of Dad was made of jade
B．the earliest memories with Dad were full of joy
C．the author wasn’t willing to clean the comb for Dad
D．the author would study together with Dad every evening
2．What probably made Dad decide to resign from his original job to start his own
business?
A．That he was fired and had to make a living.
B．That he was eager to get everything on track.
C．That he hoped to earn a better life for the family.
D．That he wanted to keep the life for his family stable.3．What emotional changes did the author experience when staying with Dad these years?
A．mad → satisfied → warm B．satisfied → worried → angry
C．warm → concerned → uncomfortable D．cheerful → mad→ warm
Passage 4、（2022·辽宁实验中学高三期中考试）
At 81 years old, Jeanne Daprano is still pushing her body to the limit. She’s still running
competitive races, breaking world records and taking on new challenges. “The thing I’m learning
about aging is that it’s inevitable,” Daprano said. “I’m not going to escape it. There are two ways
to go: You can either press on or give up.”
Daprano grew up in Iowa. Then, she moved to California. As a primary school teacher, she
began running in order to keep up with her student. “I was known as a running teacher,” she said.
“I had my students do fitness before we studied in the morning and then throughout the day.”
Then she began running competitively with 5K and 10K road races before moving to the track.
She is now the world record holder in the women’s 75-year-old age group 400 meters and 800
meters. “When I get to the final finish line, I want this body to be worn out. I’m not doing this to
live to be 100. I’m doing this to be the best I can be today.”
After moving to Atlanta about a decade ago, Daprano met fitness trainer David Buer. Ever
since, she’s been coming to his gym, where he tailors workouts for Daprano’s specifc needs.
“When she came to me, she was pushing 70 years old,” Buer said. “I’ve worked with other
individuals Jeanne’s age, but she came to me with different goals. She had a unique drive and
passion — not just a passion for fitness or athletics but for life in general.”
Last February, Daprano took on a new challenge: her first indoor rowing competition. In
classic fashion, she broke the world record in the 80-to-84 age group, rowing 2,000 meters in
9:23:7. For those hoping to either start getting in shape or stay in shape for a long time, she offers
this advice: Listen to your body. What are you passionate about? How are you going to keep
physically fit and mentally fit? Start where you are. Don’t look ahead or compare yourself to
somebody else.
What might be Buer’s first impression of Daprano?
A．She was a qualified teacher. B．She was an unusual woman.
C．She was too old to run a race. D．She was hard to get along with.
Passage 5、（2022·吉林·长春市实验中学模拟预测）
People who seek comfort by pouring their hearts out in Courtney’s office don’t get rewarded
with an Xanax or Prozac prescription (处方). Instead, they walk away with a reading list of some
fictions.
Such fictions as To Kill a Mockingbird and The Color Purple teach you complicated topics
like racism, poverty, bullying and other issues. They could also help you know your own heart and
others’. Keith Oatley, a psychology professor at Toronto University, recommends novels that help
us understand the characters from the inside rather than plot—driven novels. We can learn from a
literary masterpiece, such as Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, or from popular fictions such asHarry Potter. Spending quality time with these characters as you relax on the beach or sit propped
up on bed pillows may enhance your EQ (emotional intelligence).
Lab tests seem to show this. Brain scans of people who have been reading fictions show the
area that corresponds with emotion lights up. Even if you are not a keen reader, there’s still hope.
Past studies have shown serial TV programs that are character driven such as The West Wing or
The Good Wife also help you better understand what we human beings are up to. Other studies
have shown watching character-driven sitcoms can lessen a viewer’s prejudice.
You can be as witty as Sherlock, but to get along well in this life, you really do need to
understand people emotionally. And you can’t be as emotionally unavailable as Mr. Darcy
throughout much of Pride and Prejudice. You have to learn the lesson Jane Austen is trying to
teach with that book. Kieth said, “To love people, you really have to know them.” People say you
only get one life, but I say read fictions and you can live many lives in one.
1．How is the third paragraph mainly developed?
A．By analyzing some data. B．By following the order of time.
C．By providing some evidence. D．By making some comparisons.
2．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Sherlock gets along well in life. B．Darcy is not very emotionally intelligent.
C．Keith loves reading Austen’s novels. D．Reading fictions can lengthen our life.
Passage 6、（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中高三阶段性考试）
It was late on a Thursday evening in Austin, Texas, and I had just finished my shift
downtown waiting tables. I hopped into my truck and headed away from the chaos to my own
personal oasis, Dan’s Depot. It was on a four-lane road that went straight from the heart of Austin
to West Texas. Once, Dan’s Depot had been outside of the city. But with Austin’s population
growing and the city’s expansion, it was swallowed up by high-rise buildings and skyscrapers.
I’ve been familiar with Dan’s Depot since I played my first show there. Like most waiters in
Austin, I’m actually a musician. The woman who welcomes customers is Dan’s wife Maude.
I slid my truck into the last free spot and headed to the door. “How’s it going, Maude?” I
asked. “David, I just don’t know what we’re going to do,” she said. “Our contract with the
landlord is up for renewal at the end of the month, and he has doubled the rent. Even if we charged
twice as much for the snacks and shows, we could never make ends meet.”
My heart dropped. On some level, I’d been expecting to hear this news for as long as I’d been
coming to Dan’s Depot. After all, Dan’s Depot was now sandwiched between a shop selling yoga
pants to people who could afford personal trainers and a luxury furniture store where even a
simple dining chair cost more than S1, 000. How could this little live music bar survive with those
kinds of neighbors?
“What are you going to do with this place? Are you moving?” I asked. She shook her head
slowly. “I just don’t know. Dan and I are not as young as we used to be.”I patted her on the shoulder and made my way to the tables near the stage. Memories sprung
up in my mind. Most of my musical ideas came to me while I was watching live shows here at
Dan’s Depot. When the song ended, I got up and went back to Maude.
“What if I run the new Dan’s Depot?” I asked her. She stared at me, surprised.
“Hear me out,” I said. “I’ve got enough money to go in with you and Dan as a third partner. I
know the Texas music scene in and out, and I can get the best new bands in here every week.
We’ll move it way down South Congress Avenue, where it’s still close enough to be accessible
from downtown but the rent is more affordable. And most importantly, this place means a lot to
me.”
Maude was still staring at me silently. I began to grow uneasy. Had I offended her? I started
apologizing. She cut me off with a huge embrace. “Honey, I think that’s a fantastic idea.”
1．Why did the author say he had long expected to hear the news Maude told him?
A．He pointed out Dan’s Depot was in poor management
B．He felt the sandwiches in Dan’s Depot were too expensive.
C．He thought Dan’s Depot was out of tune with its surroundings.
D．He suggested Dan and Maude retire early and enjoy their lives.
2．What does the author advise Maude to do?
A．Sell Dan’s Depot to him. B．Hire him as a lead singer.
C．Find another way to run the business. D．Advertise for a third partner.
Passage 7、（2022·安徽·六安市裕安区新安中学高三月考试卷）
Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) took off from
Plymouth, England. Its mission (使命) was to recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the
Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to the USA．But unlike the original
Mayflower, there are no people on the MAS. Everything about the ship is designed to run
automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called "AI Captain".
The MAS is a project run by a group called ProMare along with the computer company,
IBM. The ship's electric motor is powered by solar energy. The goal of the project is to test
different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. If these can be handled by
machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research.
Because the MAS didn't have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to
make the best ship for the job. In addition to cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the
ship is carrying many different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which
can detect whales and dolphins. It even has a special "tongue" which can report back on the
chemicals in the water.
Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as
it should have been going. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something
slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, theteam decided to bring it back to Plymouth so they could fix the problem and send it out again.
They sent the MAS instructions to turn back.
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to
cross the Atlantic Ocean. The fastest speed for the MAS is about 10 mph (16 kph). That may seem
slow, but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the
journey.
What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．The robotic ship will set sail again soon.
B．The journey will be difficult and dangerous.
C．The entire journey will be about 2, 100 miles.
D．The MAS will travel farther than the original one.
Passage 8、（2022·福建省龙岩第一中学高三期末测试）
Virtual realty can improve brain activity that may be crucial for leaning, memory and even
treating Alzheimer’s, a study on rats has found.
After monitoring the rats’ brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los
Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons (海马体神
经元) differed depending on whether the rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The
new findings are significant as the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the
brain.
When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to
synchronize (同步发生) at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are
generally known as “theta (Ѳ) waves”, with stronger Ѳ waves seeming to improve the brain's
ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat’s Ѳ
waves became stronger.
“It turns out that amazing things happen when the rat is in virtual reality” said Prof Mayank
Mehta from UCLA．The scientists also found that VR environments could change different
electrical rhythms (节律) in different parts of the neurons, which indicates that scientists may be
able to control human brain rhythms.
“This is a new technology that has great potential,” Mehta said. The study also indicates why
VR may stimulate these unique brain waves. A big part of it, Mehta puts, may be down to the
very different set of stimuli presented in VR.
Imagine that you’re approaching a doorway in real life. Your eyes see the door getting larger.
But how do you know that you’re moving forward and the door isn’t coming to you? The answer
is that your brain uses information such as the acceleration of your head through space or the shift
of weight from one foot to the other－information that may not be present during a VR
experience.
How does the author introduce VR’s different set of stimuli?
A．By conducting further tests on rats. B．By comparing different environments.C．By providing a detailed analysis D．By explaining the theory of VR.
Passage 9、（2022·江西·临川一中高三诊断性测试）
Mark Baker’s appreciation for nature runs deep, but he hasn’t always championed the
Amazon rainforest’s rugged beauty.
For eight years, Mr. Baker’s business sold rare tropical wood from the Amazon to customers
across the United States. Exporting wood provided him with an excuse to spend a lot of time in
the rainforest, taking him back to his boyhood days. Mr. Baker told himself that selective harvest
was just part of managing the resource.
But gradually he began to notice on his birding outings that the forest had grown quieter. On
the Manaus docks, he saw wood for export labeled with the name of a type of wood legal to
export, but knew that it was another illegal type. “It took me eight years to come to the realization
that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of
nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.”
Because of his own personal transformation, Mr. Baker founded an ecotourism company that
takes tourists along Brazil’s Rio Negro. With the trips, he aims to foster appreciation and a sense
of stewardship(管理)for the rainforest among global citizens.
The Amazon rainforest covers more than 2.3 million square miles and is the biggest carbon
store in the world, according to Giordane Martins, a biologist. Forty percent of Brazil’s land lies in
the Amazon, but roughly 20% of it is already deforested. Ecotourism, what Mark is doing, has a
positive impact.
“Our role is to educate,” Mark says. “Many people arrive with that nature sensibility. Some
acquire it on our tours. One of the goals of ecotourism is to share the economic benefits of travel.
The other is to help promote conservation, to generate income and help protect the forest. We’ve
seen that happen. I wish we could say we saved the rainforest. We haven’t. But we have had an
impact.”
1．Which of the following can best describe Mark Baker?
A．Environmentally conscious and selfish. B．Profit-oriented and competent.
C．Socially responsible and determined. D．Smart and pessimistic.
2．What can we learn about the ecotourism from the last paragraph?
A．It has a positive impact. B．It has saved the rainforest.
C．It is profitable but meaningless. D．It provides academic education.
Passage 10、（2022·河南省实验中学高三期末测试）
As is known to us all, the stories we share with one another are significant, which shows our
wisdom, providing our inspiration and attaching importance to our development. But occasionally
people choose not to tell.
Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if
public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it was like
this, “The fact is, history has shown us that stories not told can become like a dangerous genie (妖
怪) left in a bottle. When they are finally uncorked, their power to destroy is set free.”
There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our
weaknesses or expose our disadvantages; they require courage and strength to share, and of
course, there are some stories that should be kept secret — especially those that embarrass
someone else.
Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on
the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage
we may be causing to ourselves and to others.
Honesty and openness is important. It proves we are trustworthy. It displays we are human.
We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and personal development.
Hard work may not allow us to overcome our disadvantages completely. But with hard work, we
do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.
Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disadvantage, and every secret regret to
everybody we meet? No, of course not. There is a time and a place and a certain level of
relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner.
1．What’s the function of the example in Paragraph 2?
A．It reflects that people are concerned about the spread of Ebola.
B．It proves not sharing a story can cause trouble.
C．It concludes that one should share a story at a proper time.
D．It shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story.
2．The writer aims to convince us to _______.
A．remove the dangers that can be caused by untold stories
B．be open to people close to you by sharing some secrets
C．share stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselves
D．realize the importance of being honest when making friends
