文档内容
考点 13 阅读之推理判断（解
析版）
【命题趋势】
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，即把有关的文字作为已知部分，
从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。此类考题
虽然没有明确的答案，但我们在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。
【重要考向】
一、识别推理判断题；
二、推理判断题方法；
考向一
识别推理判断题
【典例】
【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制
造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
,
However some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having byraising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to
have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【参考答案】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive
influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.
（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了
数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
【推理判断题识别提分秘籍】
题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论)等词
语。常见的题干设题形式如下：
1．We can know from the passage that ________．
2. We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．
3．The passage/author implies/suggests that ______．
4．It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
5．The underlined sentence indicates that ________．
考向二
推理判断题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年新高考1卷阅读理解B篇】
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-
year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since
the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我
们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语
音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
【 推理判断 提分秘籍】
一、推断写作意图
推断写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。
常见的设问形式1．The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ________．
2．The passage is meant to ________．
3．The author's purpose is to show ________．
4．The purpose of the article is to ________．
二、 推断观点态度
推断观点态度，即要求考生推断作者对某人某事的看法或作者所持的观点
常见的设问形式
1．The author seems to be in favor of/against ______．
2．The author may probably agree with/support ________．
3．What's the author's opinion about...?
4．In the author's opinion...?
说明文中作者的态度:
objective 客观的 neutral 中立的
positive 积极的 negative 消极的
disapproval 不赞同的 approval 赞同的
ironic 讽刺的 critical 批判的
optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的
cautious 小心谨慎的 admiring 钦佩的
indifferent 漠不关心的
三、推断文章出处
推断文章出处，即通过阅读材料，感知内容，从而推断材料的来源。
常见的设问形式
1．The text is most likely to be taken from ________．
2．Where does the text probably come from?
3．Where can we most probably read this text?
四、推断目标读者
推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。
常见的设问形式
1．The passage is probably written for ________．
2．Who is the passage written for?
3．The text is written mainly for ________．
解题方法解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the
cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人
员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推
知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb
beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not
fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are
increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she
said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that
we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me.
“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to
modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方
历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了
一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。
故选A项。【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇】
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy,
rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森
一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In
spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条
件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【2022年1月浙江卷B篇】
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology,and the lifeblood of that technology
has long been electricity.By providing long-distance communication and energy,electricity created the modern
world.Yet properly understood,the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a
century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions."writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers:Steam,Electricity,and the Men Who Invented Modern America.Klein,a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative(叙述) so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland,where Watt perfected"the machine that
changed the world".Klein writes,“America did not invent the steam engine,but once they grasped
its possibility they put it to more uses than anyone else.”
Meanwhile,over the course of 19th century,electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulb(白炽灯泡) that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly,Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification,which he showed in New York
City.With help from Tesla,Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current（交流电）,whichsoon became the major form of power delivery.
To frame his story,Klein creates the character of Ned,a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative
into an interesting one.
25.What can be inferred about Ned?
A.He was born in New York City. B.He wrote many interesting stories,
C.He created an electricity company. D.He lived mainly in the 19th century.
【参考答案】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Klein creates the character of Ned-a fictional witness the progress...可知Ned是
虚构的人物，作者创造这个角色用以见证电气工业革命的发展，故选项ABC 错误，又根据第三、四段的
第一句可判断见证工业革命是在19 世纪，故选D。
【2022年1月浙江卷C篇】
"However,this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association.said Horder. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on
the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important." She also
admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied,all of whom were from Sweden,so the results might
not be applicable to other groups.
29.What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B.Data collection was a lengthy process.
C.Some participants withdrew from it. D.The results were far from satisfactory.
第29题 推断题。根据最后一段第一句以及最后一段More research is needed to see …可知数据的采集
是漫长的。故选B.
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino
calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the
reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for
being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if thecalves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【参考答案】
D推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be
returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过
早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino
calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the
reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for
being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
【参考答案】
D 推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保
护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born
at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区
的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,
the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in
promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers
re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances
in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional
intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【参考答案】
33. B推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used
by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可
能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在
的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高
并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
34. A推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行
了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利
的。故选A项。
35. B推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the
scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new
perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和
学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新
的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took
firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under
this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The
very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa,
who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase
wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land
,
will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into
that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been
called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
【参考答案】
D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买
了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 B篇】
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sureyou find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to
50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has
their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
【参考答案】
C推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two
pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这项工
作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可
知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space
across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use
an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were
small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels
of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of
background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,
without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on
creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselvesfrom getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-
to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a
certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
【参考答案】
D 推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still
think about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作
者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather
than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our
home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we
pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.
【参考答案】
26. C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home
number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That
said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实
说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
27. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the
way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯
和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，
侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the
genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or
belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet
afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:
absolutely not.
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
【参考答案】
12. A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set thestandards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or
people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写
的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人
——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱
乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
13. D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six
they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们
是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推
知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me.
He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years
ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
【参考答案】
8. A推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my
beloved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这
个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙
滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
10. D 推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to
nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨
你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
8. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity
— but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t
change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
【参考答案】
D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”
和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the
older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理
状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对
自己的理解。故选D项。
9. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s AMoveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令
人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save
Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
【参考答案】
B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging
writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年
代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable
Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer
injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an
assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【参考答案】
B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while
most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步
一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态
度是客观的。故选B项。
【2020全国卷II阅读理解C篇】When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have（showcased）nutria fur made into clothes in
different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up
in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
【参考答案】
A 推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur
made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria
are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔
良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监 Cree
McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出
由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
【参考答案】
A 推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a
tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们
担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.【参考答案】
B推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，
为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根
据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally. D. They would lose popularity.
【参考答案】
A推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio
that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are
questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions
filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和
生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严
密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生
活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
【2020全国卷III阅读理解C篇】
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families
are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she
lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing
number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front
door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living
room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We
spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I
recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
【参考答案】
28. B细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living
room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里
斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29. A 推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very
well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。
我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极
的。故选A项。
【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People
in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern
Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.
【参考答案】
B推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions
of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past
few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基
因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进
化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In
Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral（葬礼）followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from
the sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan? （ ）
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
【参考答案】
B推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but
also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to
Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases
and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温
暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为
被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪
的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，
他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating
habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
15. On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph? （ ）
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【参考答案】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bitbecause I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and
keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的
结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们
是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology
sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities
strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after
in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even
dishonorable behavior.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
【参考答案】
33. C 推理判断题 根据题干中的elementary school可将答案定位到第一段第一句，该句提到I enjoyed
sharing my dolls and jokes，可推断出，作者在小学时期是一个慷慨大方的女孩。
34. B 推理判断题 根据第二段中的The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities … when tapped early, are
employed ever after in life and work. 以及第四段中的We found that the least well-liked teens had become more
aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that
while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.可知，最不
受欢迎的青少年会对同学变得不友好。那些地位高的人也会出现这种情况。讨人喜欢的能力会在今后的生
活和工作中发挥作用，带来良好的适应力。由此可推断，最受欢迎的孩子往往适应能力更强。adaptable与
本段中的adjustment为同义异构现象。
【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’sChris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind
of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a
pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him,
whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some st u m bles , Chris is doing amazingly well. When he
brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想
起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the
bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets
you make mistakes. ＂It takes a lot for any student,＂ Whaley explains, ＂especially for a student who is learning
English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’＂
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to
raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is
about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about
themselves.
＂Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,＂ Whaley says, ＂is very difficult for a child who came
into the classroom not feeling confident.＂
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
【参考答案】
26. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak
in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.和最后一段boasting about yourself, and your best
qualities可推知，Whaley老师发起总统竞选活动是为了帮助学生建立自信，看到自己的优点，strength意为
“优点”，故答案选A。
27. C 推理判断题 本文主要介绍了Canaan Elementary二年级老师Thomas Whaley发起一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点，由此可推知 Whaley老师是一个很有爱心、关心学生
的老师。
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）
have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we
eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.
【参考答案】
B 推理判断题 第二段内容中提到，一份新的报告发现，46%的情况下美国人都是独自用餐的。超过
半数（53%）的人独自吃早餐，近一半（46%）人独自吃午餐。有74%的人只在晚餐时间才一起吃饭。由
此可见，这项报告的统计数据是关于人们的饮食习惯，即许多人喜欢独自用餐。
【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He
likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-
name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about
the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
【参考答案】
D 事实细节题 第四段中提到，Mazoleny喜欢安静地坐着看手机，也会和酒吧老板直呼其名，亲切地
聊会天。on a first-name basis意为“关系密切直呼其名”。由此可知，Mazoleny与酒吧老板熟识。
【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物） from our bodies
grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning
them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of
high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the
one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, NewYork.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
【参考答案】
A 推理判断题 根据第一段第二句The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of
the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. 可知，国际空间站里宇航
员自身携带的微生物会变得无法控制，宇航员们每周要花费数小时清理这些微生物，由此可推断出，国际
空间站里的细菌很难清除。
【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief
creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-
inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese
aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The
exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they
are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China —
some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason
Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.
24.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25.What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.
【参考答案】24. B 推理判断题 根据The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese
influences.可知，这次展览参观人数创造了纪录。故选B项，展览吸引了大量参观者。
25. A 推理判断题 根据第四段第二句 … Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are
central to its movement可知，Hill认为中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动中的核心。故选
A项，她们正在开创时尚。
【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C篇】
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a
year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most
citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most
newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the
revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely available to the
public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in
single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of
newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street
sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in
eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged —and
some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's
fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
29.What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities.
C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.
30.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?
A. Local politicians. B. Common people.
C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.
【参考答案】
29. C 推理判断题 根据第二段和第三段可知，penny paper的出现，使得普通大众也可以买得起报纸，
更重要的是可以在街上买到一份报纸。因为在1830年以前，买一份报纸虽然是可能的，但要专门跑到印刷
厂，可见很不方便。因此street sales (街头销售) 的出现方便了更广大的读者，而从within a few years, streetsales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities.进一步印证了street sales的出现使得报纸有了更多
的受众。
30. B 推理判断题 根据第一段的at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly,
newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades.和第三段street sales of newspapers would
be commonplace in eastern cities以及But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy可知，新趋势下，
报纸的目标受众是普通大众。
【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D篇】
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher
values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing
the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys
tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value
—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic:
When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added
only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it.
34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.
【参考答案】
A 推理判断题 根据第四段 the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values
more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value
of each combination可知，研究人员注意到猴子超过一半的时间都会去触摸更高的数值，表明它们在进行
计算，而不仅仅是记住每个组合的值，由此可推知，猴子会进行简单的加法计算。
（2022·江苏·苏州市苏州高新区第一中学一模）
Now, an increasing number of cities are suspending recycling services, partly out of fear that workers might
contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles, food containers and boxes. Onesolution: Let robots do the job.
Since the coronavirus took hold in the United States last month, AMP Robotics has seen a “significant”
increase in orders for its robots that use artificial intelligence to sort through recycled material, and weed out trash.
Some facilities that were looking at getting one or two robots are now saying, “We need quite a bit more.” The
Colorado company’s chief executive, Matanya Horowitz said, “It’s all moving quite fast.”
Before the pandemic, automation had been gradually replacing human work in a range of jobs, from call
centers to warehouses and grocery stores, as companies looked to cut labor costs and improve profit.
But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives, which are likely to continue in some form after
the crisis become less strong, could cause more industries to accelerate their use of automation. And long-lasting
worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear
as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.
Recycling is one industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic. Some workers, who earn as little
as $10 an hour, have been concerned about coming to work during the crisis and some cities have been competing
to find enough protective gear (防护装备) for all of their employees. Federal health officials have assured them that
the risks of transmission from household refuse is low. But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side
sorting material, making social distancing difficult.
At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling facilities to space out
their employees, who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.
6．How do people feel about automation after the pandemic?
A．Panicked. B．Doubtful. C．Appreciative. D．Unconcerned.
7．In which aspect will robots help most in recycling industry?
A．Sorting out recycled material. B．Minimizing close human contact.
C．Replacing the jobs of cheap labor. D．Producing enough protective gear.
【参考答案】
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having
machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces
in ways that minimize close human contact.(随着社会意识到以减少人类密切接触的方式重组工作场所的好处，
对失业的长期担忧或对机器控制日常生活重要方面的普遍不安可能会消失)”可推断，疫情过后人们在看待
机器人代替人工处理工作这件事的态度发生了改变，即人们对自动化是赞赏的。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting material,
making social distancing difficult.(但回收设施的工作人员经常肩并肩地整理材料，这使得保持社交距离变得困难)”以及最后一段“At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling
facilities to space out their employees, who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.(在
AMP Robotics公司，霍洛维茨等高管表示，他们的机器人将帮助回收机构将站在传送带上清理用过的塑料
和纸张的员工分隔开来)”可知，机器人保证了工人之间的社交距离，极大地降低了感染病毒的风险。由此
可推断，回收产业的机器人在减少人与人之间的密切接触方面的帮助最大。故选B。
（2022·河北张家口·一模）
A hungry badger (獾) searching for food seems to have uncovered what turned out to be hundreds of Roman
coins in a Spanish cave, according to a new study.
Archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered several coins laying on the ground at the entrance to a small cave
in the woodlands outside Grado in northern Spain in April 2021. The researchers suspect that the coins were
unearthed by a badger from a nearby den (兽窝) after a heavy snow which made it harder for animals to find food.
The hungry badger probably got into the cave looking for food but came across the coins instead.
After fully exploring the cave, researchers collected 209 coins dating to between the third and fifth centuries
A．D．“To date, this is the largest amount of Roman coins found in n cave in northern Spain,” the researchers
wrote in their paper. They described the discovery as an “exceptional find”.
10．What do the researchers think of the discovery in 2021?
A．It’s dangerous. B．It’s timely. C．It’s meaningless. D．It’s unusual.
【参考答案】
10．推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句“‘To date, this is the largest amount of Roman coins found in a cave
in northern Spain,’ the researchers wrote in their paper. They described the discovery as an ‘exceptional find’.(研究
人员在论文中写道：‘到目前为止，这是在西班牙北部的一个洞穴中发现的数量最大的罗马硬币。’他们
把这一发现描述为‘非凡的发现’。)”可知，此处exceptional意为“不寻常的，罕见的”，与D项
unusual(不寻常的，罕见的)语意相同。故选D项。
（2022·山东泰安·一模）
Imagine that one day you live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual world. You can go to a virtual concert,
take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing. Amid a pandemic like COVID-19,
instead of seeing teachers and classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom. This
may help you understand the concept, metaverse.
The term metaverse refers to a shared virtual 3D world in which people can access via the Internet. Currently,most virtual spaces look more like the inside of a video game than real life. However, metaverse’s made the digital
spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR, 增强现实).
Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephenson’s novel Snow Crash in 1992. The novel is about Hiro, a pizza
delivery man by day and a VR superhero by night who lives in an online universe called The Metaverse. “He is in a
computer-generated universe that his computer is drawing onto his glasses and pulling into his earphones,” the
novel says of the city that everyone pops into in VR. The idea rings in many other works, for example, in Ready
Player One directed by Steven Spielberg.
In recent years, metaverse has become the latest popular word to capture the tech industry’s imagination so
much that one of the best-known Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the futuristic idea-Facebook CEO Mark
Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his company’s name to Meta.
Tech companies are also dedicated to exploring metaverse-related products. Facebook has launched meeting
software for companies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets. The headsets cost $300 or more,
putting the metaverse’s most cutting-edge (尖端的) experiences out of reach for many. For users who can afford it,
they can enter the virtual worlds created by different companies. Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the
development of the Internet.
So, do you expect the coming of metaverse?
17．What can be inferred about metaverse?
A．It is a video game like real life.
B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists.
C．It gives us a real life in a virtual world.
D．It can protect yourself from a pandemic.
19．Why did Facebook CEO use Meta as his company’s name?
A．Metaverse has become more popular. B．He lives in a virtual world every day.
C．Facebook is the best-known Internet platform.
D．He has accepted the idea of metaverse.
本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是虚拟空间（metaverse）、其产生的由来及运用。
【参考答案】
17．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Amid a pandemic like COVID-19, instead of seeing teachers and
classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom. This may help you understand the
concept, metaverse.(在像COVID-19这样的大流行中，你可以在虚拟教室中与他们一起，而不是在视频通话
屏幕上看到老师和同学。这可能会帮助你理解“虚拟空间”这个概念)”可推知，虚拟空间能与视频通话一样，同样保护自己免受流行病的侵害。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“In recent years, metaverse has become the latest popular word to
capture the tech industry’s imagination so much that one of the best-known Internet platforms is renamed to
embrace the futuristic idea-Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his company’s
name to Meta.(近年来，虚拟空间已经成为吸引科技行业想象力的最新流行词汇，以至于最知名的互联网平
台之一被重新命名——Facebook首席执行官马克·扎克伯格最近宣布，他将公司的名字改为Meta——以接
受未来主义的想法)”可知，Facebook首席执行官使用Meta作为其公司名字是因为他接受了虚拟空间以接受
未来主义的想法。故选D项。
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
I wanted to share the story of someone in my community. Alex and I have been pretty good friends for years.
He was raised in a pretty abusive home, and grew up with major depression and anxiety. He talks about his story all
the time to help other teens. Alex has truly changed his life around to help other people and we are all so glad for
that.
He started an organization to help homeless people. He has teens from across the world mail him stories of
hope or funny pictures that they drew and he goes around and gives homeless people those things along with food
or something. They love receiving drawings and letters because they feel great knowing that someone took time to
do that for them.
Alex also wrote a book to inspire teens. He wants other teenagers to see what he’s gone through so they feel
inspired to make a change in their lives. Alex is an extremely inspirational person and this book will help teens in
similar situations as Alex was in.
Alex has won three awards for everything he did. He won an inspirational people’s award through a local
organization; he won the Youth Service America’s everyday hero award and he won a Canadian awesome award.
He’s changing lives and he really deserves these awards. Alex’s latest accomplishment is the start of the National
Youth Internet Safety and Cyber Bullying Task Force. I can’t believe how many families he’s affected. It’s so much
work just to help people he doesn’t know but Alex loves it.
I believe that young stars are not just singers and actors. I believe they are also the youth changing our world.
There are not many teens that choose to change the world around, but Alex is definitely one of them.
25．What can we learn about Alex’s childhood?
27．Which of the following best describes Alex?A．Ambitious and successful. B．Patient and amazing.
C．Encouraging and selfless. D．Outgoing and generous.
28．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Your Voice. B．Campus Life.
C．News Express. D．Magic World.
【参考答案】
27．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He talks about his story all the time to help other teens.( 他总是谈论他的
故事来帮助其他青少年)”、文章第二段“He started an organization to help homeless people.( 他成立了一个组
织来帮助无家可归的人)”可知，他积极帮助别人，因此是无私的；根据文章第三段“Alex also wrote a book
to inspire teens. He wants other teenagers to see what he's gone through so they feel inspired to make a change in
their lives. Alex is an extremely inspirational person …(亚历克斯还写了一本书来激励青少年。他想让其他青
少年看到他的经历，这样他们就会受到鼓舞，改变自己的生活。亚历克斯是一个非常鼓舞人心的人……)”
可知，他是一个鼓舞人心的人。故选C。
28．推理判断题。文章讲述了一位自身患有精神疾病但能够改变生活，帮助急需帮助的人，自己也能被他
人认可的英雄——Alex的故事。由此可推知，文章主要是讲述的一个励志故事，最有可能来自报纸Your
Voice这个板块。故选A。
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The yogurt that’ s past its sell-by date. The banana in your lunch that turned brown. The leftovers in the fridge
that you forgot to eat. For most people, all that food goes right into the garbage can.
Eight to ten percent of global greenhouse gas emissions (放) are related to food waste, according to a report by
the U. N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. “When you throw away an egg or a sandwich,” says
Yvette Cabrera, food waste vice director at the Natural Resources Defense Council ( N. R. D．C．) ,“you’ re also
throwing away all the resources that went into producing those things.”
That includes not only all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went into producing that food, but also the
massive amounts of fossil fuels used to power the farms, transport the food, and create the packaging.
Then there’s the issue of what happens to food after it’s thrown out. More food ends up in U.S. landfills than
any other type of trash. Food rotting in landfills produces methane (甲烷), a greenhouse gas that’s roughly 25 times
more powerful at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, which is produced by burning fossil fuels.
31．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?A．Provide a persuasive example. B．Add more background information.
C．Discuss a more serious consequence. D．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
【参考答案】
推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Then there’s the issue of what happens to food after it’s thrown out.（然后就是
关于这些食物被扔掉，食物会发生什么事情的问题了。）”可知，本段围绕着这件事展开来讲食物被扔掉
后所带来的的结果，故选C。
