文档内容
说明类完形填空
说明文一般用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物，解释事理。其最显著的特点是:开
头点题，结构条理清晰。考生做题的关键在于理清文章结构，把握全文大意。
常见、常考的说明文集中在阐述事理、方法（步骤）介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品
等。这类文章主要的特点：
1. 开头点题
2. 篇章的条理清晰、层次分明
说明文层次分明，脉落清晰，有条有理。大多数完形填空的说明文是按因果关系进行说明，
有的按先主后次的顺序进行说明，有的先概述后举例，有的先举例后概述，也有的按事情的逻辑关
系来展开。
题例
( 2013广东卷）
Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human
beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many
birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 .However,
if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a
photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The
bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 .He took another man with him to the
tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the
second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did
not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .It was not until five men went into the tower and only four
left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months
old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes
beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and
that our human 15 is not much better than a crow's.
1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend
2. A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice
4. A. generally B. sincerely C. casually D. deliberately
5．A. distance B. range C. different D. interval
6．A. amazing B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing
7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return
8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation
9. A. fool B. hurt C. catch D. kill
10.A. report B. repeated C. designed D. approved
11.A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk
12.A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally
13. A. single B. small C. local D. new
14. A. seldom B. temporarily C. merely D. often
15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief
实战演练一：
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern
homes and offices mean that very 1 things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only
on 2 , and wonder why they are not satisfied 3 they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that
you’ll enjoy is not 4 if you keep the following in mind.
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 5 to use. The thickness of the pen is
the most important characteristic（特征） 6 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be
comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 7 hand and thicker fingers you may __8 fatter pen. The
length of a pen can 9 influence comfort. A pen that is too 10 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.
Then, the writing point of the pen should 11 the ink to flow evenly（均匀地）while the pen
remains in touch with the paper. 12 will make it possible for you to create a 13 line of writing. The
point should also be sensitive enough to 14 ink from running when the pen is lifted．A point that does
not block the 15 may leave drops of ink, 16 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
17 , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine-line pens may 18 bad handwriting ,but fine,
delicate (微妙;脆弱的) lines do not command 19 next to printed text, as, 20 , a signature on a
printed letter. A broader line, on the other hand, give an impression of confidence and authority（权威）。
1.A.many B. few C. pleasant D. important
2.A.looks B. reason C. value D. advantages3.A.once B. if C. because D. though
4. convenient B. practical C. strange D. difficult
5.A.heavy B. easy C. hard D. safe
6.A.taking B. finding C. determining D. seeking
7.A.stronger B. weaker C. smaller D. larger
8.A.perfer B. recommend C. prepare D. demand
9.A.hardly B. also C. never D. still
10.A.thick B. light C. long D. soft
11.A.change B. allow C. reduce D. press
12.A.They B. One C. This D. Some
13. A thin B. rough C. black D. smooth
14. A. prevent B. free C. protect D. remove
15. A. way B. sight C. flow D. stream
16.A. so B. as C. and D. yet
17.A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally
18.A. show up B. differ from C. break down D. compensate for
19.A. attention B. support C. respect D. admission
20.A. at most B. for example C. in brief D. on purpose
实战演练二
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all
students must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma. Service
learning is academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning
up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience, students
must keep a journal（日志）and then write a ___5 about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students
are forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others. Students are also able
to learn real-life skills that 9 responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team. 10 ,
students can explore possible careers ___11 service learning.
For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary
school classroom a few afternoons each month. 12 there are many benefits, opponents (反对者) 13
problems with the new requirement. First, they 14 that the main reason students go to school is tolearn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend 15 time
studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without 16 goes against
the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual's freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to 17 to the community, learn new skills, and explore
different careers. 18 , I don' t believe you should force people to help others – the 19 to help must
come from the heart. I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to
choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and
responsibility, and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1. A. spend B. gain C .complete D. save
2. A. and B. or C. but D. for
3. A. Subjects B. ideas C. Procedures D. Examples
4. A. With B. Before C . During D. After
5. A. diary B. report C . note D. notice
6. A. courses B. benefits C . challenges D. features
7. A. beyond B. about C. over D. in
8. A. careful B. proud C. tired D. aware
9. A. possess B. apply C. include D. develop
10. A. Gradually B. Finally C . Luckily D. Hopefully
11. A. through B. across C. of D. on
12. A. So B. Thus C . Since D. While
13. A. deal with B. look into C point out D. take down
14. A. argue B. doubt C . overlook D. admit
15. A. much B. full C . less D. more
16. A. cost B. pay C. care. D. praise
17. A. contribute B. appeal C. attend D. belong
18. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However
19. A. courage B. desire C. emotion D. spirit
20. A. decision B. purpose C. solution D. result
题例：
1—5 CBDAC 6—10ADCAB 11—15 BDBDC
分析：文章一开始就点题：Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1
in number, 看到此句，考生马上明白文章要谈的是：Number sense，而且，1空处即是文章的核心信息：change. 文章开头就是文章的主题句，全文采用先概述，后分述展开的写作结构。同时，文
章中的主题词：Number sense, change也呈现出来了，全文就是围绕着这2个词来展开的。全文采
用对比的方式，说明animals，特别是birds和人在the sense of number change上的异同。最后文章
归纳出It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals，全文采取“总
—分—总 ”的组织结构来写的。
解题一定要搞清楚文章的篇章结构（即：作者阐述事理的条理，按什么方式来说明的）。大多
数高考的说明文是按因果关系进行说明，或按先主后次的顺序进行说明，或先概述后举例，也有的
按事情的逻辑关系展开。所以分析事情的逻辑关系非常重要。从这个角度来讲，高考完形填空既考
词汇在篇章中的运用，也考思维！！所以考生备考时，一要注重词汇的积累（不仅仅停留在识字的
层面，而是要求准确理解、熟练运用），二要训练自己的逻辑思维。
实战演练一
Keys :BAADB CDABC BCDAC BDDAB
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么样的钢笔才算是得心应手的钢笔。
1. B。既然现代家庭和办公室里有了打印机，那么手写的东西就少了。many多的；pleasant令人
愉快的；important重要的few 少的。
2. A。下文提到“人们一旦开始用钢笔，却并不满意”可知当时挑选钢笔时，主要是根据其外观
买的。looks 外表，外貌； reason原因； value 价值；advantages优点，优势。
3. A。此处应是时间状语从句，用once 引导，“一旦开始用钢笔，却并不满意”； once 一旦；
if 如果； because因为；though 虽然，尽管。
4. D。句意：如果你记住了以下几点的话，买一支你喜欢的钢笔是不难的。convenient 方便的；
easy容易的； strange奇怪的，陌生的； difficult困难的。
5. B。根据常识可知，好的钢笔应该是用起来很好用，很舒服的。heavy重的； easy容易的，舒
适的； hard硬的，难的； safe安全的。
6. C。钢笔的粗细是决定舒服度的最重要的特征。determine决定；seek追求，寻找。
7. D。和上句的small hand and thick fingers相对照，此处应是larger hand and thicker fingers。
8. A。句意：如果你的手比较大，手指比较粗的话，你可能更喜欢粗点的钢笔。prefer喜爱；
recommend推荐，建议；prepare准备；demand要求，需要。
9. B。上文提到钢笔的粗细是决定舒服度的最重要的特征，此处又提到其长度也影响舒适度。故
选also 也。hardly 几乎不；never从不；still仍然。10. C。上文提到长度也会影响钢笔的舒适度，那么造成钢笔给人不平稳感觉的就应是钢笔太长了，
所以选long长的。thick粗的；light轻的；soft柔软的。
11. B。此处的意思应是“笔尖应让墨水出水均匀”，故选allow允许； change改变； reduce 减
少；press 按，压。
12. C。this指代上文中提到的“钢笔出水均匀”。
13. D。出水均匀的钢笔能够让字体线条流畅。smooth流畅的，光滑的；thin纤瘦的；rough粗糙
的，不平的；black黑色的。
14. A。笔尖应该是当钢笔拿起来时，不再出水。prevent …from doing… 阻止…做某事，此处指防
止墨水流出free … from …使…免除…； protect …. from…保护…不受到伤害；remove… from…
把…从…消除。
15. C。不能阻止墨水流出的笔尖会在你拿起钢笔在放下时留下一滩滩的墨迹。way道路；sight视
力；flow流量；stream小溪。
16. B。as引导的时间状语从句。当你拿起钢笔在放下时留下一滩滩的墨迹。
17. D。此处是列举的最后一条。meanwhile与此同时；generally一般情况下；afterwards后来；
finally最后。
18. D。细线条的钢笔或许会补偿差的书写。show up出席；differ from不同于；break down出故障，
垮掉；compensate for补偿，赔偿。
19. A。细线条的文字和印刷的文字在一起时，细线条的文字不会得到人们的注意，例如作为打印
信件签名时。attention注意力；support支持；respect尊重；admission许可。
20. B。举例说明用for example；at most至多；in brief 简言之；on purpose故意地。
实战演练二
Keys: CBDCB BADCB ADCAC BADBC
解析：
1. C 由文章知到，现在的大学要求学生要完成6小时Service Learning为正确答案。
2. B 不完成Service Learning，否则就不予毕业。
3. D 是Service Learning的例子
4. C 在Service Learnin期间的某一时候，所以选During
5. B 在进行Service Learnin，由生活常识来看，要写一个调查报告
6. B 支持者认为社区服务由很多益处 【考点定位】名词词语辨析
7. A 大多数人不可能选择的社区服务符合自己的兴趣爱好。8. D 由上下文容易知道,意识到做某事为最佳答案。
9. C 由上下文容易知道,真正的生活技能包括include为最佳答案。
10. B 【考点定位】由上下文容易知道,最后Finally为为正确答案。
11. A 由上下文容易知道,在社区服务整个活动之中。through副词辨析
12. D 由上下文容易知道,在社区服务期间While
13. C point out指出deal with处理 look into深入地检查,研究;调查 take down写下;记下
14. A 由上下文容易知道,反对者argue争论为最佳答案。
15. C 反对者认为，社区服务会耗费时间，学生学习课程的时间就会更少了。
16. B 由常识知道，学生在社区服务是不付钱的。
17. A 作者认为，社区最大的贡献在于学生可以学到新技能……其他不符合题意
18. D 此处应该为转折，所以选However
19. B 学生有发自内心的帮助别人的要求desire为最佳答案。
20. C 最佳的解决办法。
