文档内容
生活常识和文化背景
解答完形填空，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发
挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧
妙地加以运用，能够根据主题猜测细节，体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判
断过程，节省宝贵时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
[典例1] I said that I didn’t know how to get back into town. In silence, he started driving. I ran back to
my car and drove behind him. Finally I rcognized a familiar street. As I turned to head home, the car
disappeared. Then I _____my driveway when the warning light for my gas tank turned on.
A. pulled into B. drove awayC. ran across D. fount out
影响这个题目正确作答的关键是对空后面的 driveway的含义的理解，driveay指的是the hard
area or road between your house and the street，(美) (从建筑物、车库等通至道路的) 私用车道,车道
( (英)drive)。而中国家庭大多数是不存在这样的一个driveway的。本句意思是当邮箱的耗油警示灯
亮起的时候，我也到家了，所以选pull into.正确答案为A.
[典例2] Salina Joe began to ____ when she was one-year old.
A. say B. cry C. sing D. talk
根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在
A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而 talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接
宾语，故正确答案为D。
[典例3] Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _____
A. check B. read C. keep D. sign 外国人早
上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知
识，可迅速推断出正确答案为B。
[典例4] We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold
the one we had in England. ... But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing
______ me.（07 全国卷II）. A. after
B. with C. around D. towards
从语篇提供的信息看，“我”来自英国。在英国开车要靠左行驶，那么可以推知作者来到西班
牙后，行驶方向出了问题，以致于造成一系列的错误。如果了解此文化背景知识，对全文的把
握就会更加准确。答案为D。[ 典例 5] Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent _______. .... A.
accidents B. mistakes C. falls D. deaths 根据
常识可知，骑自行车的人在 拐弯或停车前发出信号，自然是为了避免事 故，故A为最佳选
项。
[典例6] I thought he was going to ask for my father's ___and call him. A. help
B. position C. number D. job 考查文化常
识和语境，句中后半句是and call him，依照常识，打电话需要电话号码，所以选C。
[典例7] We _____ hamburgers and Coca Colar at the counter. A.
ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded 根据常识
及语境，“在柜台旁”不是订快餐就是付款，在选项中只有order有“点餐”之意，所以选
A.
[典例8] Family traditions were important in our house, and none was more appreciated than the perfect
Christmas tree.------ I was cooking when I heard the _____ sounds as the boys carried the tree into the
living room. A happy B. loud C. terrible D. violent
如果具备文化背景知识：在西方，圣诞树于圣诞节的意义，就不难选出A. 其实文段开头也交代了
这一文化背景。
[典例9] After ____ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started
the 950-mile journey back. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插
牢”，故答案为C.
满分技巧 将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识、以及科普常识等结合起来，
进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常是交织在一起的，因为虽
记住才是
有背景知识，仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。
硬道理
附：文化背景知识窗
背景文化积累——中西方文化差异
1.词汇类
busboy 餐馆勤杂工(不是"公汽售票员") busybody 爱管闲事的人(不是"大忙人")
dry goods (美)纺织品;(英)谷物(不是"干货") heartman 做心脏移植手术的人(不是"有心人")
mad doctor 精神病科医生(不是"发疯的医生") eleventh hour 最后时刻(不是"十一点")blind date (由第三者安排的)男女初次会面(并非"盲目约会"或"瞎约会")
dead president 美钞(上印有总统头像)(并非"死了的总统")
personal remark 人身攻击(不是"个人评论") sweet water 淡水(不是"糖水")
confidence man 骗子(不是"信得过的人") criminal lawyer 刑事律师(不是"犯罪的律师")
service station 加油站 rest room 厕所(不是"休息室")
dressing room 化妆室(不是"试衣室"或"更衣室") sporting house 妓院(不是"体育室")
horse sense 常识(不是"马的感觉") capital idea 好主意(不是"资本主义思想")
familiar talk 庸俗的交谈(不是"熟悉的谈话") black tea 红茶(不是"黑茶")
black art 妖术(不是"黑色艺术") black stranger 完全陌生的人(不是"陌生的黑人")
white coal (作动力来源用的)水 white man 忠实可靠的人(不是"皮肤白的人")
yellow book 黄皮书(法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封)(不是"黄色书籍")
red tape 官僚习气(不是"红色带子") green hand 新手(不是"绿手")
blue stocking 女学者、女才子(不是"蓝色长统袜") China policy 对华政策(不是"中国政策")
Chinese dragon 麒麟(不是"中国龙") American beauty 红蔷薇(不是"美国美女")
English disease 气管炎(不是"英国病") Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年(不是"印度的夏日")
Greek gift 害人的礼品(不是"希腊礼物") Spanish athlete 吹牛的人(不是"西班牙运动员")
French chalk 滑石粉(不是"法国粉笔")
2.成语类
pull one's leg 开玩笑(不是"拉后腿") in one's birthday suit 赤身裸体(不是"穿着生日礼服")
eat one's words 收回前言(不是"吃话") an apple of love 西红柿(不是"爱情之果")
handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆(不是"大字报")
bring down the house 博得全场喝彩(不是"推倒房子") have a fit 勃然大怒(不是"试穿")
make one's hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然-恐惧(不是"令人发指--气愤")
think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己(不是"为自己想得很多")
pull up one's socks 鼓起勇气(不是"提上袜子")
have the heart to do (用于否定句)忍心做....。。不是"有心做"或"有意做")
3.表达方式类
Look out! 当心!(不是"向外看") What a shame! 多可惜!真遗憾!(不是"多可耻")
You don't say! 是吗!(不是"你别说") You can say that again! 说得好!(不是"你可以再说一遍")
I haven't slept better. 我睡得好极了。(不是"我从未睡过好觉")
You can't be too careful in your work. 你工作越仔细越好。(不是"你工作不能太仔细")
It has been 4 years since I smoked. 我戒烟4年了。(不是"我抽烟4年了")All his friends did not turn up. 他的朋友没全到。(不是"他的朋友全没到")
People will be long forgetting her. 人们在很长时间内会记住她的。(不是"人们会永远忘记她")
He was only too pleased to let them go. 他很乐意让他们走。(不是"他太高兴，不愿让他们走")
It can't be less interesting. 它无聊极了。(不是"它不可能没有趣")
[文化背景知识专练]
（莫要以为简单而不在意，一点一滴都是生活积累!）
1. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the ____ areas like the desert.
A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild
2. For those people, he is “Gloves” Greenberg. How did he get that _____?
A. job B. name C. chance D. message
3. Panicking, she began to ______.
A. speak B. sing C. sniff D. scream
4. I was so ______ that I slammed(砰地关上)the door and stepped out on the front porch.
A. angry B. sorrow C. frightened D. ashamed
5. I ______ my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor heavily and started for the door again.
A. pressed B. shook C. threw D. pulled
6. To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said. “ ______ yourself new
hamburgers.”
A. Prepare B. Buy C. Find D. Cook
7. What? A cat? The ______ froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.
A. blood B. smile C. tear D. sweat
8. The moment I arrived in Paris, I was ______ by a nice French couple who would become my host
parents.
A．sponsored B．witnessed C．greeted D. supported
9. As I pulled the bus over to ______ a little girl, she handed me an erring saying I should keep it in case
somebody claimed it.
A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for
10. They provide an environment where you can practice under the ______ of someone who’s good at the
language.
A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure
11. However, the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a satisfied smile at thedoor of his home, he heard the ______ of the children of the family about what they might get for
Christmas.
A. introduction B. discussion C. comment D. debate
12. Then I had a physical problem and had to go to hospital for a thorough examination… After I explained
my situation to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, where a bus would take me back into the city
to my ______.
A. appointment B. apartment C. direction D. station
13. As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and go off, I noticed an old man on a bicycle with
a bucket on its ____ and a basket rags and bottles on its back-carriage.
A. back B. handle C. wheel D. Seat
14. They ___①___the newspaper announcements. Then they make lists of the sales they want to attend.
Some use ___②___to plan their trip. They want to get to as many sales as possible. Some professional
___③___in old objects also go to yard sales. They may find a valuable object for a small amount of money.
Then they will ___④___ it in their own ___⑤___, usually at a much higher price.
①. A. collect B. find C. read D. check
②. A. radios B. maps C. newspapers D. cars
③. A. buyers B. people C. dealers D. sellers
④. A. sell B. resell C. buy D. rebuy
⑤. A. house B. yard C. home D. store
15. He would just ______the books in the outside return box.
A. pass B. drop C. carry D. take
16. I was really slow at taking the orders and making change. If someone gave me $5 for something that
cost $3.25, I handed over ______ quarters and said, “75 cents makes four dollars, plus one dollar makes
five.”
A. two B. three C. four D. five
（2）
I left my 7-year-old kid and my dog locked alone in our Jeep for about 10 minutes a few weeks ago. I
1 feel guilty about it.
The drive-through at my bank was not in 2 . I turned around to the backseat, 3 my son, and
said, "Dude, stay put. 4 Lucy. "I pulled down my passenger side front window a little for fresh 5,and locked them both in. They were always with my sight 6 the big double-glass doors.
While I 7 at a red light on the way home, I looked in the rearview 8 and saw my beautiful
boy and loyal pup sharing licks of a green lollipop (棒棒糖) from the bank. And it 9 me what if
somebody stole my car or what if somebody 10 my child? Lucy was also seen as a human in my
family, so I 11 them to be the most important and precious people in my life. I'm never doing this
again-even if I can see them while they wait 12 .
19 states have 13 against leaving kids alone in a car, but I know I'm not the 14 parent who has
done so, to complete an errand(差事). Out of 60 people I 15 in an unofficial Facebook poll, 46 16
that they had done this.
One commenter left her 6-year-old infant in a locked car while she ran into the 17 to grab milk.
Another mom, Melissa, sent me a private Facebook message 18 if her baby was sleeping in the car
seat, she would lock her in the car and run to the pick-up elementary line to grab her 19 daughter.
Two friends even admitted to leaving babies as young as 3 months old alone while they napped in the
backseat in a car.
We should never do that again, or we'd put our children in danger. It'll be too 20 then.
1. A. rarely B. sometimes C. never D. still
2. A. sight B. place C. service D. danger
3. A. leaving B. facing C. frightening D. criticizing
4. A. Take care of B. Look forward to C. Think highly of D. Make use' of
5. A. water B. fruit C. air D. food
6. A. near B. under C. on D. through
7. A. stared B. appeared C. stopped D. crossed
8. A. device B. Mirror C. door D. window
9. A. excited B. hit C. encouraged D. assured
10. A. hurt B. amused C. touched D. kissed
11. A. advise B. order C. consider D. hope
12. A. silently B. sadly C. patiently D. alone
13. A. opinions B. words C. laws D. suggestions
14. A. responsible B. only C. happy D. unlucky
15. A. asked B. met C. told D. discovered
16. A. meant B. wished C. admitted D. lied17. A. par' B. school C. hospital D. store
18. A. explaining B. suggesting C. denying D. thinking
19. A. younger B. older C. shorter D. prettier
20. A. fortunate B. natural C. strange D. late
(3)
Do you ever just wonder to yourself... who am I?
Up until about 3 years ago, l never really questioned my identity, l now I am far more aware of it.
I have 2 a lot and it helps me meet people from different countries. Sometimes l'11 3 really
crazy things like "I look so Asian", or "I wonder what I'd look like with blonde(金黄色的） 4 ". As
for me, I guess 5 with Western parents and living in a fairly Western society has made me feel rather
“ 6 ". However, my mother thought that it was still 7 for me to stay connected to my " 8 ".
What do I mean by that? Our family would go on various trips to 9 , sightseeing and learning
more about the culture. I would 10 a Saturday Chinese language school and my mother would 11
me to dress up in a Chinese dress. The key word: encouraged. Not forced. And I'm 12 that they did all
that for me.
I feel that it is very important for parents to expose their adopted children to their native 13 and
heritage at the young age. Opening up this chance to 14 and connect with their origins and cultures
is a huge part in forming and 15 the child's identity. Additionally, having friends who have been
16 the similar situations is very important. Forming the same kind of friendships at the 17 ages
allows them to develop and become 18 with other kids "just like them". For me, I really 19
friends at a young age who went through the similar things like me. Honestly, I am 20 friends with all
of them--- these kinds of friends will be life-long ones.
1. A. and B. whether C. thus D. but
2. A. ridden B. jumped C. traveled D. walked
3. A. invent B. say C. control D. protect
4. A. fingers B. hair C. eyes D. skin
5. A. growing up B. catching up C. getting along D. putting up
6. A. African B. Eastern C. Western D. Asian
7. A. ridiculous B. embarrassing C. shocking D. significant
8. A. classmates B. brothers C. parents D. roots9. A. Germany B. China C. France D. America
10. A. attend B. avoid C. cancel D. predict
11. A. order B. forbid C. encourage D: force
12. A. jealous B. surprised C. disappointed D. grateful
13. A. challenge B. culture C. record D. assignment
14. A. translate B. remove C. understand D. imagine
15. A. replacing B. choosing C. describing D. shaping
16. A. without B. in C. near D. against
17. A. old B. middle C. early D. regular
18. A. comfortable B. angry C. strict D. bored
19. A. made B. abandoned C. investigated D. lost
20. A. seldom B. sometimes C. never D. still
完形填空总攻略随堂练答案
(1) 1-5ABDAC 6-10BBCBC 11-13.BAB 14.ABCAB 15-16BB
(2) 1-5 DCBAC 6-10 DCBBA 11-15 CDCBA 16-20 CDABD
(3) 1-5DCBBA 6-10CDDBA 11-15CDBCD 16-20BCAAD
