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考点5 生活常识和文化背景 --练考点--熟能生巧
练高考--心中有数
1.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there
____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我
们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根
据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无
法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
2.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rolled.
29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D.
speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this
25-year-old is doing it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping
everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an
unusual way to make their travel affordable.
22．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式
让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可
知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part of a new form of the sharing economy: an online group of house sitters.
Throughout their no-cost stays in strangers’ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s
___26___ .
26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、
给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets
and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___ 4 1___ was
nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪
伴；D. leadership领导。根据上文中的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. 多年
来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。
6.【2021·全国新高考 I卷】My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three
whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which,
at Easter time, made little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its 42 throughout Cleveland.
42．A．stores B．families C．schools D．citizens
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这
家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭； C. schools学校；D.
citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店
制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。
7.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Dad 53 . The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood
delivering food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you
earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
53．A．cried B．smiled C．hesitated D．refused
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫； D.
refused拒绝。根据“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in
Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect
those who did the work, he told me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，
联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。
8.【2021·全国新高考I卷】This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect
those who did the work, he told me.
55．A．withdraw B．donate C．receive D．appreciate【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工
作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dollars you
earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。
9.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill
blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area.
21．A．studying B．staying C．looking D．packing
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。
A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. looking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the hotel
on business and planning to visit some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜
访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。
10.【2021·英语全国甲卷】The seagulls immediately went wild . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all
trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were
falling down, It was a real mess.
33．A．wake up B．get out C．take off D．break in
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。
A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生
活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
11.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have matured and I admit responsibility of my actions,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 ,
to apologize for the-damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
37．A．hands in pocket B．nose in the air
C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑
我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里； B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in
hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the-damage I had indirectly causedand to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕
恭毕敬地。故选C。
12. 【2021年1月浙江高考】But on the last night we were caught in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to
find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to 31 . I had to spend the rest of the night
trembling in the only dry part of my tent.
31．A．boiling B．average C．normal D．freezing
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. normal
正常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D。
13. 【2020·海南卷】Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames（火焰）shooting out of a second-floor
window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines approaching Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
On the second floor, he 45 every apartment door. "Get out!" Grant shouted, No one responded and he
assumed that people had already escaped.
45. A. locked B. kicked C. counted D. repaired
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在二楼，他踢了每个公寓的门。A. locked 锁；B. kicked 踢；C.
counted计算；D. repaired修。根据上文可知，大楼着火了。格兰特冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合题意，是
为了看里面是否有人。故选B。
14. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the
animals could seek shelter during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that
nothing would grow there.
29．A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police
警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的”The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可
知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向”森林”部门求助。故选C。
15. 【2020·浙江卷】Lamb and mother reunited , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away
from me. This was so unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously Don had
somehow made the 42 move.
42．A．lamb B．vehicle C．seat D．fence【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车
辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可
知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选B。
16. 【2020·全国新课标II】It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be
41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大
利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根
据下文的because of Italy's privacy可知此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选C。
17. 【2020·全国新课标III】They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have
left in a particular colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them（售货员） to
keep smiling.
45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存
货。A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此
处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
18. 【2019·全国II】Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal（the dog） to him. Nervousness and fear
were replaced with ___49___. It（the dog） just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
【答案】B
【解析】根据空格前面的Nervousness and fear were replaced紧张不安和恐惧被取代了，以及后面的 It just
started licking (舔)Ehlers’ face这条狗添着Ehlers的脸，因此说明它感到了快乐。hesitation犹豫；anxiety焦
虑。
19. 【2018·全国II】Two weeks earlier. my son . Ben ,had got in touch , he’d moved to England with his mum
when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seen him . So imagine my ___42___ when he emailed
me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子的电子邮件，并
且说要来看自己。由此可以推知，我很快乐、开心。A. delight高兴，愉快；B. relief (痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，
减轻；C. anger怒，忿怒；D. worry担心。故选A。
20. 【2019·全国卷 III】Of course, we notice it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the
town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a cloudy
day.”
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可
知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
21. 【2019·全国卷III】 The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun
throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather.
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光
出现在白天，故选A。
练模拟--熟能生巧
I.微型完形填空
1.【2022届江苏省海安高级中学高三下学期5月阶段检测】
15 years ago, when I was playing basketball in one of Australia’s premier basketball leagues, I remember a
sports psychologist we had for the season. As young professional athletes with high egos (自我价值感), the team
were not quite convinced the techniques of psychology would improve performance, especially when it didn’t
involve using the physical strength and endurance needed to __22__ the weeks of training and games. I, on the
other hand, was interested.
22．A．compensate forB．prepare for C．tough out D．show up
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一群年轻又自视甚高的职业运动员，大家都不太相信心理技术可以提
高成绩，特别是当它不需要动用身体力量和耐力来挺过数周的训练和比赛时。A. compensate for补偿；B.
prepare for为……准备；C. tough out挺过去，生活艰难；D. show up露面。根据常识可知，日复一日的训练和打比赛需要强大的体力和耐力才能支撑下来，然而文中的心理学家让这些队员们使用心理学的办法来
应对。tough out意为“勇敢地承受，挺过去”，符合语境。故选C。
2.【江苏南通如皋中学2021-2022学年高三5月模拟】He has been working straight for days. Every day, he
arrives at the work station at 7:30 in the morning and begins ____23____, sorting, checking addresses and loading
goods onto his three-wheeled motorcycle. After that, he begins his shift of roughly 10 hours.
23．A．disturbing B．complaining C．reading D．unloading
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上7点半到工位，开始卸货、分类、核对地址，把货物装上三轮摩
托车。A. disturbing打扰；B. complaining抱怨；C. reading阅读；D. unloading卸载。根据下文“sorting,
checking addresses and loading goods onto his three-wheeled motorcycle”及常识可知，快递员会先卸载货物，
然后分类、核对、进行派送。故选D。
3.【江苏南通如皋中学2021-2022学年高三5月模拟】“I deliver goods to around 80 households each day
during the coronavirus outbreak, about 20 percent less than average because a large portion of migrant workers are
still____26____in their hometowns.”
26．A．hired B．monitored C．observed D．stuck
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在冠状病毒爆发期间，我每天给大约80户家庭送货，比平均水平低约
20%，因为大部分农民工仍被困在家乡。A. hired雇佣；B. monitored监控；C. observed观察；D. stuck卡住。
根据上文“during the coronavirus outbreak”及常识可知，由于疫情，很多人可能被封控在了家乡。故选D。
4.【江苏省海安市2021-2022学年高三年级上学期期中】
Finkel invented a unique name for every piece in the palace set. Then she spent countless hours typing
building instructions in Braille (盲文) that spelled out how to 24 them all together.
24．A．fit B．fix C．mix D．gather
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她花了无数个小时用盲文输入拼装说明，用来解释如何将它们拼
装在一起。A. fit适合；B. fix安装；C. mix混合；D. gather聚集。根据常识可知，有了盲文的拼装说明盲
人才知道如何将这些积木安装在一起。故选B。
5. 【2022届江苏省南通市新高考基地学校高三第四次大联考】Just then I heard the man at the machine next
to mine complaining. He only had a few items but every time he put his ____29____ twenty dollar bill into the
machine it spit it back out. I quickly grabbed a newer twenty out of my wallet and gave it to him. He thanked me
with a warm smile.
29．A．frozen B．folded C．broken D．wrinkled29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他只有几样东西，但每次他把那张皱巴巴的20美元钞票放进机器里，机
器就把钞票吐出来。A. frozen结冰的；B. folded折叠的；C. broken破碎的；D. wrinkled有皱纹的。由第12
空后的“his old twenty”和常识可知，塞进自助结帐机的钱如果是皱的，它就会把钱吐出来。故选D。
6.【2022届江苏省如东高级中学、姜堰中学、沭阳高级中学高三下学期4月份阶段性测试联考】But my
jaw dropped to the floor when I found Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher, wearing the same dress as I did. I kept my
head down and tiptoed to my seat, but the first day meant ____46____ in front of the class, and soon enough it was
my turn. I made it through my minute speech, until Hutfilz stood up, jokingly adding she liked my style.
46．A．introductions B．performances C．lectures D．debates
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直低着头，蹑手蹑脚地走到座位上，但第一天意味着要在全班同学面
前做自我介绍，很快就轮到我了。A. introductions介绍；B. performances表现；C. lectures演讲；D. debates
辩论。根据上文“but the first day meant”以及常识，上学第一天要做自我介绍。故选A。
7.【江苏省徐州市第七中学2021-2022学年高三下学期4月学情调研】She started pumping Simmons's
___33___ with her interlocked fingers and breathing into her friend's mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the
kiss of life. And then, Simmons began coughing and gasping for air. The CPR had worked!
33．A．stomach B．chest C．back D．leg
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始用交叉的手指按压西蒙斯的胸部，并向她朋友的嘴里呼吸，希望能
让她的肺里充满生命之吻。A. stomach胃；B. chest胸部；C. back后背；D. leg腿。由“pumping
Simmons's_____ with her interlocked fingers”及常识可知，CPR是用交叉的手指按压病人的胸部，即心脏所
在的位置，故选B。
8.【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟】I was the kid that tried never to complain. I was okay with
enduring a six-hour drive in a(n) small car with my knees to my chest. I was okay with eating burnt or under
cooked food. But this allergy finally let me feel _____50_____ saying “no”. I finally felt free to refuse to go places
or do things where my allergies would act up.
50．A．comfortable B．proud C．awkward D．ashamed
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但过敏终于让我放心地说“不”了。A. comfortable舒适的；B. proud骄
傲的，自豪的；C. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的；D. ashamed羞愧的。结合常识可知，用自己的过敏来拒绝别
人不会让作者感到不舒服。故选A。
9.【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟】Yes, my hay allergy _____53_____ some activities, but
it’s also given me a broader appreciation for experiences I actually like and want more of. I’m grateful to be getting
a dog instead of a bunny. Let’s be honest, a bunny brings you more trouble.53．A．ignores B．offers C．covers D．limits
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：是的，我的干草过敏限制了我的一些活动，但它也让我更广泛地欣赏我真
正喜欢和想要的体验。A. ignores忽略；B. offers提供，主动提出；C. covers覆盖，支付，报道；D. limits
限制。结合常识可知，呼应下文broader，此处指过敏限制了作者的活动。故选D。
10.【福建省福州市八县（市、区）一中 2021-2022学年高三上学期期中联考】My dad chose a 16-mile
section of the road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long! To
45 , we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries. In the morning, we loaded our bikes into the
car and set off.
45．A．prepare B．register C．cooperate D．participate
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了做好准备，我们检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池。A. prepare
准备；B. register登记；C. cooperate合作；D. participate参与。根据后文“we checked our tires and made
sure our lights had batteries.”说作者和父亲检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池，结合常识可知，这些都是
公路探险前的准备工作，故选A。
II.完形填空【2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查（一）】
The Last Robot-Proof Job in America?
You can get most food, such as warm cookies or vodka, to your doorstep in minutes. But try getting a red
snapper (红鲷鱼). Until recently, if you could obtain it, it would likely have been pre-frozen and shipped in from
overseas.
A new tech startup is aiming to ______ 1 ______ this situation. Based inside the Fulton Fish Market, a seafood
wholesale market, the startup, called FultonFishMarket.com, allows customers across the whole country, both
restaurants and individuals, to buy from the market. The fish is shipped ______ 2 ______ , rather than frozen, thanks
to an Amazon advanced logistics system. Mike Spindler, the company’s C．E.O., said recently, “I can get a fish to
Warren Buffett, that’s as fresh as if he’d walked down to the pier (码头) and bought it that morning.”
There is one thing, ______ 3 ______ , that the sophisticated logistics system cannot do: pick out a fish. If
Warren Buffett orders a red snapper, the company needs to ______ 4 ______ that his fish is actually red snapper,
and not some other. According to the ocean-conservation organization, more than 20% of the seafood in restaurants
and grocery stores in America is _____ 5 _____ . For this task, the company has employed Robert DiGregorio, a
forty-seven-year veteran of the business, who possesses a blend of judgement and _____ 6 _____ knowledge that,
so far, computers have yet to replicate.“_____7_____ the food-safety stuff, our business could be any market from the last three thousand years of
human history,” Spindler told me. He is experienced in the _____ 8 _____ business. When he arrived at the fish
market in 2014, people were cautious. “They thought selling fish on the Internet was _____ 9 _____ .” DiGregorio
said, speaking for the fishmongers(鱼贩). “They didn’t see how it could possibly work.” Five years ago,
DeGregorio didn’t know how to use a computer, but when the Web-site people arrived at the market, he sensed an
opportunity. Together, they’ve created a human-machine fish-buying operation.
By 1 a.m. each night, the company collects _____ 10 _____ from around the country and sends them to
DiGregorio. He heads into the market, carrying his tablet computer. The company’s algorithms（算法）
_____ 11 _____ data on their sources and can tell DiGregorio, for example, which stall to go to get the best tuna (金
枪鱼). The computer is a “learning system,”, so if DiGregorio makes a choice it didn’t _____ 12 _____ , it asks,
“Was the fish not available? Was it damaged?” All that information is fed back in for next time.
Then, what can a fishmonger see that a computer can’t? DeGregorio showed me his part of the _____ 13 _____
process. “I’m assessing a few things,” he said. First, _____ 14 _____ . Fish should have “nice” slime(粘液). Then,
smell. He sniffed the air above the box. “when fish goes bad, it smells like ammonia.” Besides, to get the best stuff,
“Fishmongers have to have a relationship with you. To trust you.” He added.
Is he ever _____ 15 _____ being replaced by the learning system of computers? DiGregorio shrugged. “By the time
they invent a computer that can do what I can do,” he said, “I’ll be dead.”
1．A．maintain B．remedy C．substitute D．recognize
2．A．free B．overseas C．separate D．fresh
3．A．therefore B．otherwise C．however D．thus
4．A．ensure B．propose C．concede D．remind
5．A．overpriced B．misidentified C．displaced D．modified
6．A．computer B．cuisine C．fish D．marketing
7．A．Rather than B．Thanks to C．Except for D．Prior to
8．A．fund-raising B．online-grocery C．fish-selling D．non-profit
9．A．significant B．worthy C．responsible D．ridiculous
10．A．sales B．orders C．alternatives D．statistics
11．A．analyze B．supply C．prioritize D．feed
12．A．require B．process C．predict D．value
13．A．calculation B．decoding C．correction D．selection14．A．smash B．touch C．wipe D．roll
15．A．concerned about B．eager for C．delighted with D．capable of
【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A5．B6．C7．C8．B9．D10．B11．A12．C13．D14．B15．A
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了一家公司是如何用人机结合的方式在网上卖新鲜的活鱼的。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家新兴的科技公司正致力于解决这一问题。A. maintain维持；B. remedy
改进、解决；C. substitute替代；D. recognize认出。上文说你可以在几分钟内让你买的大多数食物，如热
饼干或伏特加，送到你家门口。但你买的红鲷鱼却不行，在根据空后的介绍可知此处是说一家科技公司正
努力解决这个问题，故B项正确。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多亏亚马逊先进的物流系统，这些鱼不是冷冻的，而是新鲜的。
A. free自由的；B. overseas海外的；C. separate单独的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据空后的“rather than frozen”可
知，与“冷冻的”相对的自然是“新鲜的”，下文中的“fresh”也是提示，故D项正确。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一件事是复杂的物流系统做不到的：挑选一条鱼。A. therefore因
此；B. otherwise否则；C. however然而；D. thus因此。上文介绍了这个物流系统的优点，此处介绍的是弊
端，前后是转折关系，故C项正确。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果沃伦巴菲特订购了红鲷鱼，公司需要确保他的鱼实际上是红鲷鱼，而
不是其他鱼。A. ensure保证、确保；B. propose建议；C. concede承认；D. remind提醒。上文说这个系统
不能挑选出顾客购买的鱼，所以公司需要确保顾客收到的是他购买的那种鱼，故A项正确。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，餐馆和杂货店超过20%的海鲜被误认。A. overpriced要价过高；B.
misidentified识别错误；C. displaced转移；D. modified修改。下文说该公司聘请了具有丰富鱼类知识的罗
伯特迪格雷戈里奥来识别顾客购买的鱼的品种，因此此处是说餐馆和杂货店超过20%的海鲜被误认，故B
项正确。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了完成这项任务，该公司聘用了拥有47年丰富经验的罗伯特迪格雷戈里
奥，他兼具判断和鱼类知识，迄今为止，电脑尚未复制这些知识。A. computer电脑；B. cuisine烹饪；C.
fish鱼类；D. marketing市场营销。帮助识别鱼类自然是要掌握鱼类知识，故C项正确。
7．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了食品安全方面的东西，我们的生意可以是过去三千年人类历史上的任
何市场。A. Rather than而不是；B. Thanks to多亏；C. Except for除了；D. Prior to先于。下文说2014年他
进入鱼市时，人们都很谨慎，他们认为在网上卖鱼是荒谬的，他们担心的是鱼的安全问题，因此此处是说
“除了食品安全”，故C项正确。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在网上杂货生意上很有经验。A. fund-raising筹集资金；B. online-grocery
网上杂货店；C. fish-selling卖鱼；D. non-profit非盈利。根据空后的“on the Internet”可知，他干的是网上杂货生意，故B项正确。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2014年他进入鱼市时，人们都很谨慎，他们认为在网上卖鱼是荒谬的。
A. significant重大的；B. worthy值得的；C. responsible负责的；D. ridiculous荒谬的。空前说人们都很谨慎，
这说明他们认为在网上卖鱼听起来很荒谬，故D项正确。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天凌晨1点，该公司收集来自全国各地的订单，然后把它们发给迪格雷
戈里奥，他带着平板电脑进入市场。A. sales销售；B. orders订单；C. alternatives替代品；D. statistics统计。
在网上卖东西自然是要根据订单发货，故B项正确。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司的算法分析数据来源，并可以告诉迪格雷戈里奥，例如，哪个摊位
可以买到最好的金枪鱼。A. analyze分析；B. supply供应；C. prioritize优先考虑；D. feed喂养。根据空后
的“data on their sources”可知此处指“分析数据来源”，故A项正确。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以如果迪格雷戈里奥做出了一个它没有预料到的选择，它会问，鱼是不
是没有了?是损坏了吗?所有这些信息都将反馈给下一次。A. require要求；B. process处理；C. predict预测；
D. value重视。空前说电脑是一个学习系统，所以如果做出了一个它没有预料到的选择，它会问一些问题，
故C项正确。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪雷戈里奥向我展示了他在挑选过程中所扮演的角色。A. calculation计算；
B. decoding解码；C. correction改正；D. selection选择。上文说迪格雷戈里奥是负责正确挑出顾客订购的鱼，
因此此处指“挑选过程”，故D项正确。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，触摸，鱼应该有“好”的黏液。A. smash撞击；B. touch触摸；C.
wipe擦；D. roll滚动。空后说鱼应该有“好”的黏液，因此此处指“用手摸鱼”，故B项正确。
15．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他但不担心被电脑学习系统取代？ A. concerned about担心；B. eager for
渴望；C. delighted with对……感到高兴；D. capable of能够。空后迪格雷戈里奥耸耸肩说“当他们发明一
台能做我能做的事情的电脑时，我就死定了”，因此此处指“是否担心被电脑学习系统取代”，故 A项正
确。
