文档内容
考点 3 完形填空
完形填空之生活常识（核心考点精讲精练）
考点3 生活常识
考点1生活常识
人文情怀
考点2文化背景
1. 两年真题考点分布
考点
生活常识和文化背景
题型
试卷类型 完形填空 考点
2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷 42.A.delay 生活常识
2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷 47.D.bent down 生活常识
2 2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷 54.C meet 生活常识
0 2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷 51.D 52.A 生活常识
2 2023年1月•浙江卷 46.B．lit 生活常识
3
2023•全国甲卷 47.C.shiny 生活常识
完形填空 2023•全国甲卷 56.D.pack 生活常识
2023•全国乙卷 42.B 43.A 生活常识
2023•全国乙卷 48.D 49.A 生活常识
2022·新高考I卷 32. D. helplessly 生活常识
2
2022·新高考I卷 29. A. wind 生活常识
0
2022·新高考全国Ⅱ C．vacation 生活常识
2
2022·新高考全国Ⅱ D．absence 生活常识
2
2022·全国高考甲卷 C. companionship 生活常识
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】两年高考卷对于完形填空中生活常识和文化背景考查了14次。主要考查：
生活常识和文化背景。
【备考策略】系统归类生活常识和文化背景的知识；熟练掌握完形填空技能。
【命题预测】
完形填空是高考英语中的必考题型，完形填空中的生活常识和文化背景也必然会出现在2024年的高考中。
【2024年高考命题预测】
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】生活常识和文化背景 生活常识和文化背景
完形填空 考点是高考中的重要考点。 考点是完形填空
生活常识和文化背景可能
的重要命题手段，每年高考都考。预测在2024高考中， 会在完形填空试题中呈
现。
【完形填空生活常识和文化背景考点指南】
规律方法：完形填空技巧之生活常识和文化背景
跨文化思考意识是中学英语《新课程标准》中要求的基本准则之一。因此考生在备考过程中，应该有意识地
利用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就渗透着相关的，
如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，就具备了一定
的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要扩大阅读面，
增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化的差异，避免出现汉语式表达或理解。
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，涉及
日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考
生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快
又准确地解题。
【总结方法】
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着三者如文化科学、历史地理、风
俗民情等方面的知识。能够根据生活常识答题，也是完形填空要考查的一个方面。学生在把握全
文意思的基础上，有时还需要根据生活常识和一般情理进行选择。
【典例1】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Her 4 2 came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line.
( )42.A.delay B.chance C.trouble D.excuse
42.A 根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have…the course earlier than she did.”和Melanie Bailey本应该更早完成比赛,
她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手到达终点线。故选A。delay延误; chance机会; trouble麻烦; excuse借口。
【提醒】根据常识背着一名竞争对手到达终点线，应该会延迟到达终点的时间。
【典例2】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid. She couldn’t. Bailey then 4 7 to let Lenoue climb onto
her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
( )47.A.went away B.stood up C.stepped aside D.bent down
47.D 根据下文“…let Lenoue climb onto her back…”可知,Bailey弯下腰,让Lenoue爬到她的背上。故选 D。go
away离开; stand up站起来; step aside让位; bend down弯腰。
【提醒】根据常识自然是弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上。
【典例3】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 , they’ve
since become friends.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】( )54.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show
54.C 根据第一段“…hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race…”及空前的“…the two young women
were strangers before the…”可知,句子表示“尽管这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。ride短
途旅程; test测试; meet体育比赛; show节目。
【提醒】根据常识，两人没见面之前自然是陌生人。
【典例4】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 51 Tiffy
into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 5 2 them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
( )51.A.feed B.follow C.change D.load
( )52.A.call B.join C.leave D.serve
51.D 作者请求乔治和他的妻子帮助自己将Tiffy装上飞机。feed喂养; follow跟随; change改变; load装上。故选D
项。【提醒】因为文中有the plane，根据常识自然是把小狗Tiffy装到飞机上。
52.A 根据常识可知,将狗运到弗吉尼亚州后,作者会打电话给他们。call打电话; join参加; leave离开; serve服务。
故选A项。
【典例 5】 (2023 年 1 月•浙江卷·节选)Ziyad began preparations. He gathered handfuls of damp tree
leaves, wrapped them with string, and ____46____ the bunch to create a torch(火把).
46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A.
shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处
指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。
【提醒】根据常识，只有点燃那捆树叶才能当火把。故用lit。
【典例 6】 (2023•全国甲卷·节选)But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were worried because they were so
misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 4 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old
bottle with no label(标签) on it.
( )47.A.simple B.real C.shiny D.fun
47.C 根据常识可知,从超市买的西红柿色泽鲜亮。simple简单的;real真实的; shiny发亮的,有光泽的;fun有趣的。
故选C。
【典例7】 (2023•全国甲卷·节选)It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 56
them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was perfect.
( )56.A.clean B.check C.count D.pack
56.D 根据常识可知,种植形态规整的西红柿是为了好打包装箱。clean打扫;check核对; count 计算;pack打包,装箱。
故选D。
【典例8】 (2023•全国乙卷·节选)To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event, Gabby
Douglas had to leave everything she knew best. She had to 4 2 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 4 3 to her
two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ride waves on her board.
( )42.A.take up B.pack up C.clean up D.do up
( )43.A.goodbye B.hello C.thanks D.no
42.B 根据空前句“…Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she…best.”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开,因此需要把卧室
的东西打包。take up占据; pack up把……打包; clean up 清理,打扫; do up修缮。故选B项。
43.A 根据空前句“…Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she…best.”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开,因此需要对她的
狗和海滩说再见。say goodbye to意为“对……说再见”。故选A项。
【提醒】根据常识，Douglas要离开熟悉的一切，自然就要打包房间里的东西，向两只狗狗告别。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【典例9】 (2023•全国乙卷·节选)Even at 14,Douglas knew that. So she go off about 1,200 miles away from home, to
48 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 4 9 and everything was new to her.
( )48.A.reason B.talk C.compete D.train
( )49.A.met B.helped C.understood D.needed
48.D 根据空后a coach from China 可知,Gabby Douglas要和一位来自中国的教练训练。reason推理; talk谈话;
compete参加比赛,竞争; train训练。故选D项。
49.A 根据空后“…everything was new to her.”可知,她要和一个她从来没有见过的家庭生活。meet遇见; help帮助;
understand理解; need需要。故选A项。
【提醒】根据常识，既然是一位来自中国的教练，那自然就是训练。一切对她来说都是新的，当然也包括未见到
的人。
1. (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
As he was 45 that it would be too warm, he 46.laid it out on the table near an open window.
45．A．surprised B．pleased
C．excited D．worried
【解析】本题可以根据生活常识解题。根据he 46.laid it out on the table near an open window可
知，他担心辣香肠会太热，所以把它放在靠近一扇敞开着的窗户的桌子上。故选D。
2.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ____32____, a
fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了
回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We
were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家
人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
3.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rolled.
29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed
速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-
old is doing it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from
Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their
travel affordable.
22．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们
的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环
球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。
5.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part of a new form of the sharing economy: an online group of house sitters.
Throughout their no-cost stays in strangers’ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物
浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in
the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___ 4 1___ was nearly
enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D.
leadership领导。根据上文中的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. 多年来，我喜欢和
我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
微型完形填空
1.【2023届浙江省诸暨市高三5月诊断性考试】When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows
they had caught and banded didn’t react to them. But when the ____26____ humans walked by while wearing the masks,
the crows scolded (责骂) loudly and dived at their “enemies”. The birds had remembered their faces!
26．A．friendly B．unkind C．different D．same
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌人”俯
冲下去。A. friendly友好的；B. unkind不友善的；C. different不同的；D. same同样的。由下文“humans walked by
while wearing the masks”和常识可知，为了保证实验的可信性，应是同一批人戴着面具走过，故选D。
2.【2023届浙江Z20名校联盟高三第三次联考】But things took an unexpected turn when he learned that his wife, Ann
Rice, was struggling to breathe . She had a(n) history of chronic (慢性的) lung disease and had been on a ventilator for 3
years. The nursing facility where she lived was 27 miles from Robert, and doctors believed she could die as carbon dioxide
____46____in her lungs.
46．A．accumulated B．formed C．circulated D．melted
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她住的护理机构距离罗伯特27英里，医生认为她可能会因为肺部积聚二氧化碳而
死亡。A. accumulated积累；B. formed形成；C. circulated循环，传播；D. melted融化。结合常识可以，呼吸困难
会使二氧化碳积累在肺部，最终导致死亡。故选A。
3.【浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三第三次联考】Misty Copeland spends most days twisting, spinning and leaping.
She practices and ___42___ the graceful movements of her art. When she isn’t performing she is practicing. When she
isn’t practicing, she is stretching. She takes classes almost every day.
42．A．perfects B．conquers C．examines D．describes
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她练习和完善她的艺术优美的动作。A. perfects完善；B. conquers征服；C.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】examines检查；D. describes描述。根据下文“When she isn’t performing she is practicing. When she isn’t practicing,
she is stretching. She takes classes almost every day.”及常识可知，Misty Copeland不断地练习，是为了完善自己的舞
蹈动作。故选A。
4. 【浙江省北斗星盟2022-2023学年高三上学期12月联考】
On Sunday, Schoonbroodt, a 71-year-old from Maastricht, ran a marathon. In a ____41____ 2hr 54 mins and 19 secs,
he became the fastest person of his age in history. At an age when many of his contemporaries (同龄人) are____42____
down, Jo Schoonbroodt is____43____ speeding up.
It turned out that Schoonbroodt’s new 70+ world record, was ____44____ by an unlikely source: the Belgian singer Eddy
Wally. With a few miles____45____, his legs were starting to get____46____.
41．A．promising B．frightening C．disappointing D．surprising
42．A．winding B．jumping C．looking D．handing
43．A．also B．nearly C．then D．somehow
44．A．inspired B．puzzled C．shocked D．amused
45．A．running B．waiting C．remaining D．starting
46．A．heavier B．faster C．tighter D．lighter
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在令人惊讶的2小时54分19秒内，他成为了历史上他这个年龄段跑得最快的人。
A. promising有希望的；B. frightening令人害怕的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据
“he became the fastest person of his age in history.”可知，70多岁的老人在2小时54分19秒内跑完马拉松，是令人
惊讶的。故选D。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多同龄人都已越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却在不知何故地加速前进。A. winding
蜿蜒；B. jumping跳；C. looking看；D. handing递交。wind down放松；慢下来。根据“Jo Schoonbroodt
is____3____ speeding up.”可知，许多同龄人都已越走越慢。故选A。
43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在许多同龄人都已越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却在不知何故地加速前进。A. also也；
B. nearly几乎；C. then然而；D. somehow以某种方式；不知怎么地。根据“At an age when many of his
contemporaries (同龄人) are____2____ down,”可知，同龄人越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却不知怎么地在加速前进。故
选D。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，施洪布鲁特的70+世界纪录来自一个不太可能来源的鼓舞：比利时歌手
埃迪·沃利。A. inspired鼓舞；B. puzzled困惑；C. shocked震惊；D. amused娱乐。be inspired by受到……鼓舞。根
据“the Belgian singer Eddy Wally.”可知，施洪布鲁特受到比利时歌手埃迪·沃利的鼓舞。故选A。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还剩几英里时，他的腿开始变得更沉了。A. running跑；B. waiting等待；C.
remaining剩余；D. starting开始。根据“his legs were starting to get____6____.”可知，比赛结束还剩最后几英里。故
选C。
46．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：还剩几英里时，他的腿开始变得更沉了。A. heavier更重的；B. faster更
快的；C. tighter更紧的；D. lighter更轻的。根据“With a few miles____5____,”和常识可知，马拉松最后，腿越来
越重。故选A。
5.【浙江省普通高中2022-2023学年高三12月尖子生深研模拟（一）】The potential message these posts send is that
if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them. Yet what someone else eats in a day doesn’t mean it’s right for
you, since these “____24____” videos are not a completely accurate representation of what someone typically eats.
24．A．modern B．staged C．educational D．alternative
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，别人一天吃什么并不意味着它就适合你，因为这些“筹划的”的视频并
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】不能完全准确地反映一个人通常吃什么。A. modern现代的；B. staged组织的，筹划的；C. educational教育的；D.
alternative可选择的。结合常识和句中“not a completely accurate representation of what someone typically eats.”可知，
抖音上发布视频是经过筹划的，并不能真实准确地反应真实情况。故选B项。
5.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校高三上学期第一次考试】When I tried to download the
older version again, it wouldn’t work. Then there were the difficulties of transferring all of my old stories that I had 25
on a USB drive.
25．A．hired B．cleaned C．rejected D．saved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，把我保存在USB驱动器上的所有旧故事转移到电脑上也很困难。A.
hired雇佣；B. cleaned打扫；C. rejected拒绝；D. saved保存。由下文的“on a USB drive”和常识可知，USB驱动器
是用来保存资料信息的。故选D项。
6.【河北省保定市高三上学期摸底】But instead of leting the man go, she insist that if his bill wasn't going to be paid in
full, the electricity company would probably give a 29 on next electricity bill for the unpaid fee. It meant he would
pay more the next time.
29．A．call B．fine C．discount D．favour
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她并没有放他走，而是坚持说，如果他家的电费不能全部被付清，电力公
司可能会针对未支付的费用，在他的下一次电费账单上罚款。A. call呼叫；B. fine罚款；C. discount折扣；D.
favour偏爱、赞同、善行。根据上一题内容并结合生活常识可知，女士表示如果不付清电费，将会被罚款。故选B
项。
7.【河北省保定市高三上学期期末】Brandon invited Chu to join them for dinner, but he needed to get back. Chu also
wouldn’t accept any 34 from them. “It was a（n）honor to help fulfill their wishes.” Chu says.
34．A．congratulation B．proposal C．generosity D．money
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，Chu也不会收他们的钱。A. congratulation祝贺，庆贺；B. proposal建
议；C. generosity慷慨；D. money钱。根据常识可知，Chu是开餐馆的，通常给别人做菜后，别人应该要付钱，但
Chu不会收他们的钱，故选D。
8.【湖北省武汉市武昌区高三上学期1月质量检测】
My interviews with all those famous people are significant to me, but another personal interview meant even more.
I regretted not learning more about the childhood of my parents and their siblings(兄弟姐妹), so a few years ago, I
interviewed my only living uncle, 80-year-old Uncle Joe. He sat in his living room chair, and I 23 my equipment,
asking questions like “What was it like growing up in the Great Depression?” and “What did you do for fun as a boy?”
23．A．gave away B．took away C．set up D．packed up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他坐在客厅的椅子上，我摆好了设备，问了一些问题，比如“在大萧条中长
大是什么感觉？”还有“你小时候做了什么好玩的事？”A. gave away赠送，泄露；B. took away带走；C. set up
建立，搭建；D. packed up打包。结合常识和“my equipment”可知，采访需要摆好（搭建）设备。故选C。
9.【江西省吉安市高三上学期期末】A plane was flying somewhere to cut an abandoned oil pipeline, The pilot Downs
21 eight employees of the oil company and a man named Eliot on board.
21．A．hired B．visited C．carried D．telephoned
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
