文档内容
考向 57 完形填空
巧解说明与议论类完形填空 5 策略
【考情分析】
新高考考情 新高考新考法 学霸好声音
①说明文开篇点题，目标明 ①做说明文类完形填空时，
确，用词简练，条理清晰， 说明文和议论文高考考查频 应先明确说明的对象
但长句较多，结构较复杂 率不高，但 2019年全国卷 ②做议论文类完形填空时，
②议论文一般先就某事提出 Ⅲ考查了说明文，点明人与 要善于理清论点、论据和结
见解展开论述或直接提出论 自然和谐相处的内涵 论，理顺文章，依据各部分
点展开论述 关系选出正确答案
【策略分析】
策略1 熟词生义 巧推断
解题依据 一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据
词根推断单词的生僻意义。
【策略图解】
【策略示例】
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” __①__ by the Italian police where things (found)
on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought
would look __②__ above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder __③__ until Nicolo finally won the paintings
for $32.
①A. attended B. reserved
C. cancelled D. run
②A. nice B. familiar
C. useful D. real
③A. battled B. debated
C. discussed D. bargained答案与解析 ①D 熟词生义解题。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，由此可
知，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方主办的。故选D项。run在本句中是生义，意为“举办；管理”，其熟义为
“跑；赛跑”；attend “参加”；reserve “保护”；cancel “取消”。
②A 熟词生义解题。Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很合适，很好看，所以才会出价竞拍，故选
A项。nice在此处是生义，意为“好看的；令人愉快的”， 其熟义为“友好的；可爱的”；familiar “熟悉的”；
useful “有用的”；real “真的”。
③A 熟词生义解题。Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞拍，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。
故选A项。battle在本句中是生义，意为“竞拍”，其熟义为“战役；斗争；与……作斗争”。 debate “辩论”；
discuss “讨论”；bargain “讨价还价”。
策略2 语法知识 助解题
解题依据 完形填空中语法知识的考查重点是复合句中的连接词、介词(短语)、“动词＋介词”短语、代
词，偶有涉及情态动词、虚拟语气(一般不直接设题，但会夹杂在文章中，考查对语境的理解)。
【策略图解】
【策略示例】
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as __①__ to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had
been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be __②__ to go that extra mile.”
①A. equal B. allergic
C. grateful D. close
②A. suitable B. proud
C. wise D. willing
答案与解析 ①D 根据设空后的“as I am to my dogs”并结合选项可知，此处应表示埃勒斯认为狗的主人
与他们的狗之间应该是像埃勒斯与自己的狗一样关系非常亲密，故选 D项。close “亲密的；密切的”；equal
“相等的；平等的”；allergic “过敏的；对……反感的”； grateful “感谢的”。
微记 该句为as ... as ... 句型，表示“与……一样……”。综观四个选项并结合常识即可快速判断出，狗
狗与主人的关系应是亲密的，故选D项。这句话的完整表达应为“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably justas close to the dog as I am close to my dogs”。
②D 根据设空前的“If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be ...”并结合常识可知，此处应指埃
勒斯表示如果自己的狗丢了，他会希望有人愿意帮忙将狗送还，故选D。willing “乐意的；愿意的”；suitable
“合适的”；proud “自豪的”；wise “明智的；有智慧的”。
策略3 设身处地 揣情绪
解题依据 完形填空常选取具有教育意义的、具备正能量的记叙文，讲述作者本人或作者所见所闻的某一
件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情，因此做题时不应置身事外，而应融入文章中，站在作者或文章主人公
的角度考虑并体会文意。
【策略图解】
【策略示例】
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
The best of a Kilimanjaro __①__，in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are (regarded) as spiritual
places by many cultures. This __②__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as (climbers) go through five ecosystems (生
态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.
①A. atmosphere B. experience
C. experiment D. sight
②A. view B. quality
C. reason D. purpose
答案与解析 ①B 在作者看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。
故B选项切题。 experience “经历”；atmosphere “氛围”；experiment “实验”；sight “视力；视野；景色”。
②A 登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，所看到的应该是景色差异尤为明显。故A选项切题。
view “景色”；quality “质量”；reason “原因”；purpose “目的”。
策略4 生活常识 巧利用
解题依据 生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多
是考查生活常识的题。要关心家事、国事、天下事，强大内心，顺利解决现实生活中和试题里的一切问题。
【策略图解】【策略示例】
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one (advertised) as lost in the local paper. The ad had a __①__
number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers __②__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had (found) their
dog.
①A. house B. phone
C. street D. car
②A. called B. copied
C. counted D. remembered
答案与解析 ①B 根据设空处后一句中的“the number of Jeff and Lisa”及生活常识可知，此处应表示，广
告中有狗的主人的电话号码，故选B项。phone “电话”；house “房子”；street “街道”；car “汽车”。
②A 根据设空后的“the number of Jeff and Lisa”结合生活常识可知，此处指埃勒斯拨打了这个电话，故选
A项。call “()打电话”；copy “复制”；count “数数”；remember “记起；想起”。
策略5 排除大法 勿忘记
解题依据 在做完形填空题时，用尽所有办法都不能推断出答案时，还有一个办法，就是排除法。
【策略图解】
【策略示例】
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
They (eventually) learned that the painting they (owned) was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They (studied)
the other painting and learned that it was __①__ Paul Gauguin's “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The
(family) called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were __②__ and worth as much as
$50 million.
①A. suitably B. actuallyC. rightly D．specifically
②A. copies B. originals
C. models D. presents
答案与解析 ①B 他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是 Paul Gauguin的Still Life of Fruit on a Table
with a Small Dog。 故选B项。actually “事实上”；suitably “适合地”；rightly “正确地”；specifically “具体
地”。
②B 根据下文的“worth as much as $50 million”可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原画，故选B项。original
“原画；原作”。 copy “复制品”；model “模型”；present “礼物”。
【检测训练】
1
In American culture, you may find some very sensitive topics that require you to think again before you put them
forward. They are as follows:
Age. It is a very sensitive 1 to many Americans. In this culture, the thought of growing older is a painful one
and most of us, if 2 , would like to have nothing to do with it. So many Americans work hard to 3 a
youthful appearance. The last thing they want to be asked is the unthinkable, “How old are you exactly?”
This question may result in a(an) 4 like: “How old do you think I am?” Anyhow, if you are 5 to know
someone’s age, first you estimate（估计）their age by their 6 . Then you take ten years away from that
estimation. With a big 7 , that person will probably say, “Thanks, but I am a few years older than that.”
Weight. This is one of the most sensitive subjects. In America, it is 8 to be thin but it is a huge 9 to
be overweight. In any American fashion magazines, you’ll notice most are nothing more than skin and bones.
Income. You should never ever ask how 10 someone’s 11 is. However, it’s perfectly 12 to
ask about their job title and what they do for a living. This information should give you some idea.
Matters of the Heart. This is a tricky （难处理的） one. Some people cannot wait to 13 their hearts out to
you. Then there are those who make sure their 14 business stays behind closed doors. The general 15 is not
to get too personal. You don’t want others to think that you are 16 their lives. 17 , try not to ask too many
questions until you have a(an) 18 with this person.
Anyhow, it's difficult to always 19 an embarrassing conversation. So, be sensible, 20 your mouth
and try not to open a can of worms （虫子）.
1. A. solution B. subject C. access D. approach
2. A. not B. possible C. ever D. necessary
3. A. make B. change C. decorate D. keep
4. A. reply B. consequence C. description D. explanation
5. A. likely B. eager C. afraid D. nervous6. A. dress B. skin C. appearance D. accent
7. A. smile B. surprise C. prize D. gift
8. A. easy B. terrible C. desirable D. absurd
9. A. accident B. event C. excitement D. embarrassment
10. A. many B. much C. littie D. few
11. A. salary B. height C. weight D. age
12. A. awesome B. suitable C. foolish D. typical
13. A. pour B. cut C. mark D. test
14. A. rich B. foreign C. personal D. public
15. A. aspect B. rule C. idea D. concept
16. A. referring to B. contributing to C. looking into D. changing into
17. A. Somehow B. Besides C. Indeed D. However
18. A. appointment B. quarrel C. discussion D. friendship
19. A. avoid B. begin C. produce D. stop
20. A. ignore B. take C. watch D. notice
【答案】B B DAB CACDB ABACB CBDAC
【解析】这是一篇说明文。由于文化背景的不同，与美国人交往时，要避开他们最忌讳的四个话题：年龄、体
重、收入和私事。
1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多美国人来讲这是个敏感的话题。A.solution解决方法；B.subject话题；主题；
C.access权利；机会；D.approach方法。根据下文“This is one of the most sensitive subjects.”可知，此处指这个话
题很敏感。故选B。
2.考查副词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在这种文化中，变老的想法是痛苦的，如果可能的话，我们大多数人都
不想与之有任何关系。A.not不，没有；B.possible可能；C.ever曾经；D.necessary必需的。根据上下文语境可
知，如果有可能的话，大部分美国人都不想与“变老”沾边儿。if possible=if it is possible，故选B。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以很多美国人努力保持年轻的外表。A.make制作；B.change改变；C.decorate装
饰；D.keep保持。根据上文“In this culture, the thought of growing older is a painful one and most of us, if 2
, would like to have nothing to do with it. ”可知，此处指许多美国人竭力想保持年轻的外表。故选D。
4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个问题可能会导致这样的回答:“你认为我多大了？”A.reply 回答；
B.consequence结果；C.description描述；D.explanation解释。下文的“How old do you thinklam?”是对上文的
“How old are you exactly?”的回答，故选A。
5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，如果你想知道一个人的年龄，首先你要通过他们的外表来估计他们
的年龄。A.likely可能的；B.eager渴望的；C.afraid害怕的；D.nervous紧张的。根据下文“first you estimate（估计）their age”，可知，你很想知道对方的年龄，故选B。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.dress礼服；B.skin皮肤；C.appearance外表；D.accent口音。根据上文“So
many Americans work hard to 3 a youthful appearance.”可知此处指你要从他们的外表来估计他们的年龄。
故选C。
7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着灿烂的笑容，那个人可能会说“谢谢，但我比你说的大几岁”。A.smile微笑；
B.surprise惊讶；C.prize奖项；D.gift礼物。根据下文“Thanks, but I am a few years older than that.”可知对方听到
你的话很开心，由此可推断是带着微笑说话。故选A。
8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在美国，瘦是可取的，但是肥胖是一个巨大的尴尬。A.easy容易的；B.terrible
糟糕的；C.desirable向往的；可取的；D.absurd荒唐的。根据下文“In any American fashion magazines, you’ll
notice most are nothing more than skin and bones.”可知，人们想身材苗条，故选C。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.accident意外；B.event大事件；C.excitement激动；兴奋；D.embarrassment
尴尬。根据下文“In any American fashion magazines, you’ll notice most are nothing more than skin and bones.”可知，
当他们超重时，就感到极为难堪。故选D。
10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你永远不应该问别人的薪水是多少。A.many许多；B.much多；C.littie少；
D.few少。根据前文“Income”可知，此处表示你不应该问别人挣多少钱。问钱的多少用how much，故选B。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.salary 薪水；B.height 高度；C.weight 重量；D.age 年龄。根据前文
“Income”可知，此处表示你问别人的薪水是多少钱。故选A。
12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但你完全可以问他们的工作头衔和以什么为生计。A.awesome极好的；出色的；
B.suitable合适的；C.foolish愚蠢的；D.typical典型的。根据下文“This information should give you some idea.”可
知此处指问工作头衔和以什么为生计是合适的。故选B。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人迫不及待地向你倾诉衷肠。A.pour倾倒，倒出；B.cut切割；C.mark标记；
D.test测试。根据下文“stays behind closed doors.”表明有些人不和别人谈自己的私事，故此句中是有些人迫不及
待地向你倾诉心声。故选A。
14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还有一些人确保他们的个人事务不会外传。A.rich富有的；B.foreign外国的；
C.personal个人的；D.public公共的。根据上文“their hearts”表明，这里指人们的私事，故选C。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般规则是不要太私人化。A.aspect方面；B.rule规则；C.idea想法；D.concept
概念。结合上下文语境，此处指问问题是的规则是不要太私人化。故选B。
16.考查短语词义辨析。句意：你不想别人认为你在调查他们的生活。A.referring to提及；涉及；B.contributing
to贡献；C.looking into调查；D.changing into改变成。根据上文“You don’t want others to think that you are”可知，
你不想让别人认为你是在调查他们的生活，故选C。
17.考查副词词义辨析。句意：另外，在和这个人建立友谊之前，尽量不要问太多的问题。A.Somehow以某种方式；B.Besides另外；而且；C.Indeed的确；D.However然而。根据下文“try not to ask too many questions ”可知，
此处的内容是对前面内容做的补充，故选B。
18.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.appointment约会；任命；B.quarrel吵架；C.discussion讨论；D.friendship
友谊。根据前文“try not to ask too many questions until ”可知此处指不要对别人的情况问太多问题，直到你和此
人成了朋友，故选D。
19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，总是避免尴尬的谈话是很难的。A.avoid避免；B.begin开始；C.produce制
作；D.stop停止。由Anyhow可知，此处表明要想总是避免令人尴尬的谈话是不易的，故选A。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，要明智些，说话要留意些，尽量不要触及那些人们忌讳的话题。A.ignore
忽视；B.take带走；C.watch小心；留意；D.notice注意。根据下文“try not to open a can of worms”可知此处指要
留意自己的嘴巴，提到一些人们忌讳的话题。故选C。
2
I always considered myself a good friend and I'm always there when my friends need me. I truly believed I was a(n)
21 friend -- until the pandemic(流行病) hit and I 22 I hadn't been doing enough.
I basically put my 23 in a couple of different buckets（桶): those I talk to daily or almost daily, those who
are local and 24 frequently, those I catch up with(叙旧, 朋友小聚) from time to time, and those who I know are
still my close friends 25 we barely(几乎不) talk.
For years this has been my 26 , and for years it's 27 for all of us, I assumed. The 28 of the
friends in the last category(类别), whom I don't 29 to often, is that I've known all of them for many years and I
know we don't need to talk all the time to stay 30 . But the thing I just realized is that there's truly no 31
for us to not speak more often.
As soon as we started going into lockdown over COVID-19, one of my friends in this category texted me and
suggested we WeChat to 32 . I realized we hadn't spoken in nearly a year! A global health crisis made me realize I
should have been keeping in touch with her better.
What really 33 me the most was the realization that I had too many friends who didn't 34 me either
during the pandemic. We were so 35 letting days go by without talking that even this unusual event didn't 36
that. And that didn't sit right with me.
I 37 the fact that it took the threat of losing my friends for me to be a better friend. My friends are so 38
to me, and I absolutely know I can carve out more time to be more 39 in their lives. I'm trying really hard to be
the friend I always 40 I was, and truly be the friend my best friends should have.
21. A. interesting B. excellent C. different D. special
22. A. guessed B. realized C. remembered D. assumed23. A. friends B. neighbors C. relatives D. applicants
24. A. travel B. move C. meet D. help
25. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. as if
26. A. approach B. explanation C. opportunity D. expectation
27. A. faded B. classified C. worked D. failed
28. A. kindness B. beauty C. purpose D. influence
29. A. respond B. bother C. listen D. speak
30. A. brilliant B. positive C. close D. innocent
31. A. need B. way C. outcome D. reason
32. A. look ahead B. catch up C. live on D. hold on
33. A. struck B. annoyed C. impressed D. scared
34. A. object B. refuse C. contact D. forgive
35. A. bound to B. afraid of C. sorry for D. used to
36. A. spread B. obtain C. overlook D. change
37. A. forget B. hate C. believe D. remark
38. A. significant B. real C. stable D. passive
39. A. present B. practical C. powerful D. independent
40. A. decided B. pretended C. owed D. thought
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. B
33. A 34. C 35. D 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. A 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直认为自己是一个好朋友，当作者的朋友需要他的时候，
他总是在那里。然而，在疫情期间，作者发现自己做得远远不够。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的认为我是一个很好的朋友——直到大流行来袭，我意识到我做得还不
够。A. interesting有趣的；B. excellent杰出的；C. different不同的；D. special特别的。根据“I always considered
myself a good friend and I'm always there when my friends need me.”可知，作者认为自己作为朋友是很杰出的。故
选B。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的认为我是一个很好的朋友——直到大流行来袭，我意识到我做得还不够。
A. guessed猜；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记得；D. assumed假定。根据“I truly believed I was a(n) ___
__ friend -- until the pandemic(流行病) hit”以及“I hadn't been doing enough.”可知，作者在大流行来袭之后意识到
自己做得还不够。故选B。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我基本上把我的朋友分为几个不同的类别：那些我每天或几乎每天交谈的人，
那些本地的并经常见面的人，那些我经常见面的人，还有那些我认识的人，尽管我们很少交谈，但仍然是我的密友。A. friends朋友；B. neighbors邻居；C. relatives亲戚；D. applicants申请人。根据“I always considered
myself a good friend and I'm always there when my friends need me.”可知，文章作者主要讲述的是朋友，所以是作
者将朋友进行分类。故选A。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我基本上把我的朋友分为几个不同的类别：那些我每天或几乎每天交谈的人，
那些本地的并经常见面的人，那些我经常见面的人，还有那些我认识的人，尽管我们很少交谈，但仍然是我的
密友。A. travel旅行；B. move移动；C. meet见面；D. help帮助。根据“those I talk to daily or almost daily, those
who are local”可知，这里指作者在本地的并经常见面的朋友。故选C。
25. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：我基本上把我的朋友分为几个不同的类别：那些我每天或几乎每天交谈的人，
那些本地的并经常见面的人，那些我经常见面的人，还有那些我认识的人，尽管我们很少交谈，但仍然是我的
密友。A. ever since从那时起； B. now that既然；C. even though即使；D. as if好像。根据“we barely(几乎不)
talk.”可知，用even though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，这一直是我的方法，多年来它对我们所有人都有效，我想。A.
approach方法；B. explanation解释；C. opportunity机会； D. expectation期望。根据“and for years it's __ ____
for all of us,”可知，作者一直用这种方式与朋友相处。故选A。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，这一直是我的方法，多年来它对我们所有人都有效，我想。A. faded褪
色；B. classified分类；C. worked工作；奏效；D. failed失败。根据“For years this has been my __ __ ,”可知，作
者认为自己的方法很奏效。故选C。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后一类朋友的好处是，我不经常和他们说话，因为我已经认识他们很多年了，
我知道我们不需要一直聊天来保持亲密。A. kindness善良；B. beauty美丽；妙处；C. purpose目的；D. influence
影响。根据“whom I don't ___ __ to often, is that I've known all of them for many years and I know we don't need to
talk all the time to stay ____ ____ .”可知，这里指最后一类朋友的好处。故选B。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后一类朋友的好处是，我不经常和他们说话，因为我已经认识他们很多年了，
我知道我们不需要一直聊天来保持亲密。A. respond回复；B. bother打扰；C. listen听；D. speak说。根据“and
those who I know are still my close friends ___ ___ we barely(几乎不) talk.”可知，最后一类朋友之间很少交谈，
所以作者不经常和他们说话。故选D。
30. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后一类朋友的好处是，我不经常和他们说话，因为我已经认识他们很多年
了，我知道我们不需要一直聊天来保持亲密。A. brilliant卓越的；B. positive 积极的；C. close 亲密的；D.
innocent清白的。根据“is that I've known all of them for many years and I know we don't need to talk all the time”可
知，这一类朋友，虽然交流很少，但仍然很亲密。故选C。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我刚刚意识到的是我们真的没有理由不经常说话。 A. need需要；B. way方法；
C. outcome结果；D. reason原因。根据转折“But the thing I just realized”可知，作者意识到没有理由不经常说话。故选D。
32. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们开始因COVID-19进入封锁状态时，我的一个同类朋友给我发短信，
建议我们微信去叙叙旧。A. look ahead看前面；B. catch up赶上；叙旧；C. live on靠……生活；D. hold on抓住。
根据“I realized we hadn't spoken in nearly a year!”可知，作者的朋友找作者叙旧。故选B。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：真正让我震惊的是，我意识到有太多的朋友在疫情期间也没有联系我。A. struck
打；突然想起；B. annoyed使恼怒；C. impressed影响；D. scared恐吓。根据“I had too many friends who didn't
___ __ me either during the pandemic.”可知，作者突然想起有太多的朋友在疫情期间也没有联系他。故选A。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：真正让我震惊的是，我意识到有太多的朋友在疫情期间也没有联系我。A. object
反对；B. refuse拒绝；C. contact联系；D. forgive原谅。根据上文“global health crisis made me realize I should
have been keeping in touch with her better.”提示可知，好多朋友在疫情期间也没有联系作者。故选C。
35. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：我们已经习惯了几天不说话，即使这次不寻常的事件也没有改变这一点。A.
bound to必然；B. afraid of害怕；C. sorry for抱歉；D. used to习惯于。根据“letting days go by without talking”可
知，作者和朋友已经习惯了几天不说话。故选D。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经习惯了几天不说话，即使这次不寻常的事件也没有改变这一点。A.
spread传播；B. obtain获得；C. overlook忽视；D. change改变。根据“And that didn't sit right with me.”可知，这
样的情况没有改变。故选D。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我讨厌这样一个事实，那就是我要以失去朋友为威胁才能成为更好的朋友。A.
forget忘记；B. hate 讨厌；C. believe 相信；D. remark 评论。根据“the fact that it took the threat of losing my
friends for me to be a better friend.”可知，作者不喜欢这样的事实。故选B。
38. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友对我来说是如此重要，我绝对知道我可以抽出更多的时间出现在他
们的生活中。A. significant重要的；B. real真的；C. stable稳定的；D. passive消极的。根据“and I absolutely
know I can carve out more time to be more ___ __ in their lives.”可知，朋友对作者很重要。故选A。
39. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友对我来说是如此重要，我绝对知道我可以抽出更多的时间出现在他
们的生活中。A. present存在的；B. practical实际的；C. powerful强大的；D. independent独立的。根据“My
friends are so ___ ___ to me,”可知，朋友对作者很重要，所以作者原意抽出时间出现在他们的生活中。故选
A。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直在努力成为我过去所认为的朋友，成为我最好的朋友应该有的那种朋友。
20. A. decided决定；B. pretended假装；C. owed欠；D. thought想，认为。根据“and truly be the friend my best
friends should have.”可知，作者一直在努力成为自己过去所认为的朋友。故选D。
3
Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 41 one. Listening well is an activeexercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not 42 to do the
work, that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires total 43 upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known
as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or 44 your own prejudices and desires, to
experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. 45 , since
listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary 46 of the other person. Sensing this acceptance,
the speaker will seem quite willing to 47 up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication
is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be 48 only by the will to extend
oneself for mutual growth.
However, most of the time we 49 this energy. Even if we may feel in our business dealings or social
relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening 50 . Often we have a prepared list in
mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain 51 results to get the conversation over as quickly as
possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or
we simply 52 to listen to what we don’t want to hear.
It was not until toward the end of my doctor career that I had found the knowledge that being truly listened to was
frequently therapeutic (有疗效的) . In about a quarter of the patients I saw, 53 improvement was shown during
the first few months of psychotherapy, before any of the 54 of problems had been uncovered or explained. There
were several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient’s 55 that he or she was
being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.
41. A. positive B. opposite C. same D. wrong
42. A. reluctant B. generous C. willing D. considerate
43. A. dependence B. influence C. decision D. concentration
44. A. setting aside B. getting over C. noting down D. sticking to
45. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. For instance
46. A. abandonment B. acceptance C. forgetfulness D. absorption
47. A. turn B. take C. make D. open
48. A. performed B. accomplished C. accompanied D. experienced
49. A. require B. produce C. lack D. motivate
50. A. hopefully B. selectively C. thoroughly D. objectively
51. A. desired B. unexpected C. require d D. approved
52. A. hesitate B. decide C. refuse D. agree53. A. imposing B. surprising C. fortunate D. instinct
54. A. roots B. reasons C. varieties D. features
55. A. purpose B. sense C. conclusion D. responsibility
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. B 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B
51. A 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们讲述了善于倾听使人际交往通畅，并且能使双方共同成长。而倾听
要全神贯注，懂得认同他人的看法；倾听要有足够的精力，并学会海纳百川。文章中作者利用倾听的心理疗法
治愈了他的病人，这就是一个很好的例证。
41. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恰恰相反。A. positive积极的；B. opposite相反的；C. same一样的；D. wrong
错误的。跟计后文“Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.”提到倾听是对我们注意力和
努力工作的一种积极锻炼，可知这与大多数人认为的倾听是被动的事情相反。故选B。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是因为他们没有意识到这一点，或者是因为他们不愿意做这项工作，所以
大多数人没有好好倾听。A. reluctant不情愿的；B. generous慷慨的；C. willing乐意的；D. considerate体贴的。
根据后文“that most people do not listen well”可知人们没有意识到这一点，不愿意做这项工作。故选C。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的倾听也需要把注意力完全集中在别人身上。A. dependence 依赖；B.
influence影响；C. decision决定；D. concentration集中。根据后文“upon someone else”可知指把注意力完全集中
在别人身上。故选D。
44. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Bracketing包括暂时放弃或抛开自己的偏见和欲望，尽可能地从内心体验别人的
世界，站在别人的立场上。A. setting aside留出，抛开；B. getting over克服；C. noting down记录；D. sticking to
坚持。根据后文“your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the
inside”可知好得倾听包括暂时放弃或抛开自己的偏见和欲望，尽可能地从内心体验别人的世界，故选A。
45. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，因为倾听包括了对他人的包容，也包括了对他人的暂时接受。A.
Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. For instance例如。后文是对上文的进一步补充说明，
应用moreover。故选B。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，因为倾听包括了对他人的包容，也包括了对他人的暂时接受。A.
abandonment 抛弃；B. acceptance 接受；C. forgetfulness 健忘；D. absorption 吸收。呼应后文“Sensing this
acceptance”指对他人的暂时接受。故选B。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这种接受，说话的人似乎很愿意向听者敞开自己内心的想法。 A. turn转弯；
B. take带走；C. make制作；D. open打开。根据后文“up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener”指说话的
人似乎很愿意向听者敞开自己内心的想法。故选D。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：真正的沟通正在进行中，良好倾听所需要的能量是如此之大，只有通过扩展自己以共同成长的意愿才能实现。A. performed表演；B. accomplished完成；C. accompanied陪伴；D. experienced
经历。根据后文“only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.”指通过扩展自己以共同成长的意愿才能实
现良好倾听。故选B。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数时候我们缺乏这种能量。A. require需要；B. produce产生；C. lack
缺少；D. motivate激发。根据上文“However, most of the time we”however表示转折，说明大多数时候缺乏这种
能量。故选C。
50. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：即使在我们的商业交易或社会关系中，我们感觉自己在倾听，我们通常所做的
是有选择地倾听。A. hopefully有希望地；B. selectively有选择地；C. thoroughly彻底地；D. objectively客观地。
根据后文“Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen”可知后文指出我们常常在脑海中有一个事
先准备好的清单，说明是在有选择地倾听。故选B。
51. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们常常在脑海中准备好一份清单，一边听一边想，怎样才能达到预期的结
果，以便尽快结束谈话，或者把话题转到自己更满意的方式上去。A. desired渴望的，预期的；B. unexpected意
外的；C. required 必需的；D. approved 认可的。根据上文“we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we
listen”可知因为脑海中准备好一份清单，所以我们一边听一边想，怎样才能达到预期的结果，以便尽快结束谈
话，故选A。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们中的许多人对说远比对听感兴趣，或者我们只是拒绝听我们不想听的东西。
A. hesitate犹豫；B. decide决定；C. refuse拒绝；D. agree同意。根据后文“to listen to what we don’t want to
hear”指拒绝听不想听的东西。故选C。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我见过的患者中，大约有四分之一的患者在接受心理治疗的最初几个月里，
在问题的根源被发现或解释之前，出现了令人惊讶的改善。A. imposing壮观的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C.
fortunate幸运的；D. instinct本能的。根据后文“improvement was shown”指患者取得令人惊讶的改善。故选B。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我见过的患者中，大约有四分之一的患者在接受心理治疗的最初几个月里，
在问题的根源被发现或解释之前，出现了令人惊讶的改善。A. roots根源；B. reasons理由；C. varieties品种；D.
features特色。根据后文“of problems had been uncovered or explained”指问题根源被发现或解释之前，故选A。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：造成这种现象的原因有很多，但我认为，最主要的原因是病人感到自己被真正
地倾听了，这通常是多年来第一次，对某些人来说，也许是有史以来第一次。A. purpose目的；B. sense感官；
C. conclusion结论；D. responsibility责任。根据后文“that he or she was being truly listened to”可知病人感觉到自
己被真正地倾听了。故选B。
4
This one Antarcticl glacier(冰川) is the size of the UK and is already 56 for five percent of world sea level
rise. And the rate the Thwaites Glacier is melting has 57 five times in the last 30 years.Last year, a team of British and American scientists 58 camp on the glacier. It is one of the most 59
places on Earth. By measuring the gravitational(重力) pull of the seabed under the ice, they discovered a network of
deep channels, a 60 step in understanding why the glacier is changing so rapidly.
This is what they 61 is happening. A series of huge channels-some almost a kilometre 62 the ice-
allow the warmer, deep ocean water to flow up to the front of the glacier, 63 it increasingly rapidly.
Another team of scientists worked from an icebreaker ship at the front of the glacier. Exceptional sea ice break-up
last year, meant they could 64 over 2,000 square kilometres of the sea floor in front of the Thwaites ice shelf.
It's so important to understand what's going on in Antarctica today, 65 these big glaciers like Thwaites,
because they are changing really quickly as the climate warms and as they melt, they are 66 more and more
water to our global oceans, which is increasing the 67 of sea water.
There is up to three and a half metres of sea level rise locked up in the ice here in West Antarctica. That's enough to
68 the map of the Earth, 69 many of the world's greatest cities.
Understanding why this remote area is changing and how quickly it will do so, is 70 if the world is to
prepare for the rising waters to come.
56. A. responsible B. ready C. famous D. suitable
57. A. developed B. stopped C. added D. risen
58. A. set off B. set up C. set out D. set in
59. A. beautiful B. reasonable C. remote D. popular
60. A. plain B. key C. complex D. specific
61. A. think B. hope C. forget D. prefer
62. A. above B. upon C. beyond D. below
63. A. melting B. freezing C. covering D. moving
64. A. protect B. study C. shake D. design
65. A. finally B. surprisingly C. fortunately D. especially
66. A. forbidding B. boiling C. feeding D. applying
67. A. width B. time C. temperature D. level
68. A. reshape B. review C. recover D. repeat
69. A. cleaning B. flooding C. surrounding D. balancing
70. A. difficult B. common C. beneficial D. impossible
【答案】56. A 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B 61. A 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. D 66. C 67. D 68. A 69. B 70. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了南极冰川的面积相当于英国的面积，它已经造成了全球海平面上升5%。
在过去的30年里，思韦茨冰川的融化速度加快了五倍。56. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个南极冰川的面积相当于英国的面积，它已经造成了全球海平面上升 5%。
A. responsible 负责任的；B. ready 准备好的；C. famous著名的；D. suitable 合适的。be responsible for表示
“对……负责”，根据上半句可知，冰川面积很大，已经造成了全球海平面上升5%，所以对于海平面的上升负
很大责任。故选A。
57. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的30年里，思韦茨冰川的融化速度加快了五倍。A. developed 发展；B.
stopped 停止；C. added 增加；D. risen 上升。分析句子意思可知，空格处应填表示“增加，上升”的词，add
by表示“增加了”，空格后没有介词by，所以应用rise表示“上升”。且下文的“There is up to three and a half
metres of sea level rise locked up in the ice here in West Antarctica. ”也是提示。故选D。
58. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：去年，英国和美国的科学家团队在冰川上安营扎寨。A. set off出发；B. set up
设立，建立；C. set out 开始；D. set in 开始。根据空格后“camp”可知，此处指在冰川安营扎寨。故选B。
59.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是地球上最偏远的地方之一。A. beautiful 漂亮的；B. reasonable 合理的；C.
remote 偏远的；D. popular 流行的。根据最后一段“Understanding why this remote area is changing and how
quickly it will do so, is ____ if the world is to prepare for the rising waters to come.(如果人们要为即将到来的全球海
平面上升现象做好准备，那么了解这一偏远地区为什么会发生变化以及变化的速度则至关重要)”可知，这里指
的是地球上最偏远的地方之一。故选C。
60. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过测量冰层下的海底重力，他们发现了纵横交错的巨大通道，这是理解为
什么冰川变化得如此迅速的关键一步。A. plain 朴素的，平坦的；B. key 关键的；C. complex 复杂的；D.
specific 具体的，详细的。根据空格前后可知，这个发现对于理解为什么冰川变化如此快起着关键的作用。故
选B。
61. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是他们认为正在发生的事情。A. think 认为；B. hope 希望；C. forget 忘记；
D. prefer 更喜欢。根据下文“A series of huge channels - some almost a kilometre ______ the ice - allow the warmer,
deep ocean water to flow up to the front of the glacier, _____ it increasingly rapidly. (海底有巨大的通道，其中一些
通道在冰下约一千米，这些巨大的通道让暖流涌向冰川前端，使冰川融化得越来越快。)”可知，这是科学家们
通过发现而得出的看法。故选A。
62. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：海底有巨大的通道，其中一些通道在冰下约一千米，这些巨大的通道让暖流涌
向冰川前端，使冰川融化得越来越快。A. above 在……上面；B. upon 在……上，一……就……；C. beyond 超
越，超出……的范围；D. below 在……下面。根据上文“By measuring the gravitational(重力) pull of the seabed
under the ice, they discovered a network of deep channels…(通过测量冰层下海床的引力，他们发现了一个深层通道
网络……)”可知，这些通道是在冰下。故选D。
63. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一系列的巨大通道——有些几乎在冰下一公里——让温暖的深海水流到冰川前
部，让冰川不断加快融化的速度。A. melting 融化；B. freezing 结冰；C. covering 覆盖；D. moving 移动。根据空格前“allow the warmer, deep ocean water to flow up to the front of the glacier”可知，温暖的海水让冰川融化的
更快了。故选A。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于去年海冰破裂的程度甚高，他们得以在思韦茨冰架前勘察超过2000平方公
里的海底。A. protect 保护；B. study 研究；C. shake 摇晃；D. design 设计。根据空格后“over 2,000 square
kilometres of the sea floor”可知，此处指科学家可以研究这些冰。故选B。
65. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：了解南极现在发生了什么是非常重要的，特别是像思韦茨这样的大型冰川，因
为随着气候变暖，它们的变化十分迅速，而随着这些冰川的融化，有越来越多的海水注入全球海洋，从而加快
海平面上升的速度。A. finally 最终；B. surprisingly 令人惊讶地；C. fortunately 幸运地；D. especially尤其。根
据下文“these big glaciers like Thwaites”可知，此处特别点出像思韦茨这样的冰川。故选D。
66. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：了解南极现在发生了什么是非常重要的，特别是像思韦茨这样的大型冰川，因
为随着气候变暖，它们的变化十分迅速，而随着这些冰川的融化，有越来越多的海水注入全球海洋，从而加快
海平面上升的速度。A. forbidding 禁止；B. boiling 沸腾；C. feeding 喂养，向……提供；D. applying 申请，应
用。根据上下文可知，冰川里的水流入了全球的海洋里，即向海洋提供了水。故选C。
67. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：了解南极现在发生了什么是非常重要的，特别是像思韦茨这样的大型冰川，因
为随着气候变暖，它们的变化十分迅速，而随着这些冰川的融化，有越来越多的海水注入全球海洋，从而加快
海平面上升的速度。A. width 宽度；B. time 时间；C. temperature 温度；D. level 水平面。根据上下文可知，大
量的冰川水流入海洋导致水平面上升。且下文的“There is up to three and a half metres of sea level rise locked up in
the ice here in West Antarctica. ”也是提示。故选D。
68. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这足以重塑地球版图，淹没诸多世界著名城市。A. reshape 重塑；使再形成；B.
review 复习，评论；C. recover 复原；D. repeat 重复。根据上文“There is up to three and a half metres of sea
level rise locked up in the ice here in West Antarctica.( 西部南极洲的冰层在消融后可导致海平面上升将近 3.5米)”
可知，冰川消融后带来的后果很严重，足以重塑地球版图。故选A。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这足以重塑地球版图，淹没诸多世界著名城市。A. cleaning 清理；B. flooding
淹没；C. surrounding 围绕；D. balancing 平衡。根据上文“There is up to three and a half metres of sea level rise
locked up in the ice here in West Antarctica.( 西部南极洲的冰层在消融后可导致海平面上升将近 3.5米)”可知，冰
层在消融后可导致海平面上升将近3.5米，那么很多城市会被淹没。故选B。
70. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果人们要为即将到来的全球海平面上升现象做好准备，那么了解这一偏远
地区为什么会发生变化以及变化的速度则至关重要。A. difficult 困难的； B. common 普通的；C. beneficial 有
益的；D. impossible 不可能的。根据空格前后句意可知，了解这一偏远地区为什么会发生变化以及变化的速度
对人们为即将到来的全球海平面上升现象做好准备是非常有益的。故选C。
5In life, we will succeed and fail often for reasons that are entirely out of our 71 . We can work harder than
anyone else in the office and still not be 72 . We can be incredibly nice and love someone deeply, and they may
not love us 73 .
The bottom line is that life is not 74 .
That is a bitter 75 to swallow for many of us. As a result, some people 76 after being hit by even
one unfair blow from life. But if we let life’s unfairness 77 us, we will never receive the beautiful blessings that
life has 78 for us.
My first 79 marriage felt very unfair to me. No matter how hard I had tried to be a good wife, I could not
make the relationship 80 . I could have been 81 by that experience. But I believed that I could be 82
married one day 83 I always wanted to experience traditional family life. And then, I met this kind, thoughtful,
generous man.
What I’ve learned over the years is that we can do all the things that 84 a good outcome, but get bad things
in return instead.
When we are 85 with life’s seeming unfairness, our 86 needs to jump in. When life doesn’t go
87 plan, we have to let go of the outcome that we have been 88 and keep trying, and doing the right thing.
89 that life is neither fair nor straightforward. And by knowing that if we remain confident, we can drive our unfair
experiences away and use them for our 90 .
71. A. reach B. order C. date D. control
72. A. admitted B. paid C. promoted D. proved
73. A. more B. back C. enough D. free
74. A. abundant B. smooth C. fair D. ideal
75. A. feeling B. word C. pill D. fact
76. A. died down B. looked down C. shut down D. settled down
77. A. confuse B. adapt C. betray D. defeat
78. A. in effect B. in return C. in store D. in demand
79. A. arranged B. failed C. elected D. engaged
80. A. start B. work C. end D. worsen
81. A. occupied B. hurt C. discouraged D. shocked
82. A. proudly B. casually C. happily D. shortly
83. A. for that B. in that C. so that D. now that
84. A. bring B. require C. deserve D. serve
85. A. pleased B. faced C. burdened D. filled86. A. courage B. faith C. judgement D. effort
87. A. ahead of B. according to C. regardless of D. related to
88. A. achieving B. affecting C. expecting D. declining
89. A. Access B. Assume C. Accept D. Analyze
90. A. substitute B. target C. fate D. benefit
【答案】71. D 72. C 73. B 74. C 75. C 76. C 77. D 78. C 79. B 80. B 81. C 82. C 83. B 84. C 85. B
86. B 87. B 88. C 89. C 90. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如何看待生活中的不公平。当我们遇到不公平时，作者用自己的亲
身经历作为例证告诉我们要相信自己，并继续做我们应该做的事。
71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在生活中，我们成功和失败的原因往往完全超出我们的控制。A. reach范围；延
伸；B. order命令；C. date日期；D. control控制；掌握。“be out of one’s control”，固定短语，意为“失去控
制”，在句中表达“成功和失败是无法控制的”。故选D项。
72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以比办公室里的任何人都努力工作，但仍然不会被提升。A. admitted承
认；B. paid支付；C. promoted提升；D. proved证明是。根据句中“still not”为“仍然不”含义可知，“still not
be _____”应是与前文“We can work harder than anyone else in the office(我们可以比办公室里的任何人都努力工
作)”表达转折含义，且前文提及“工作”，与此相呼应的动词应是“升职；提升”。故选C项。
73. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们可以非常友好，深爱着某人，但他们可能不会爱我们。A. more更多地；B.
back回报；C. enough足够地；D. free免费；脱离束缚。与前文“We can work harder than anyone else in the office
and still not be ______ .(我们可以比办公室里的任何人都努力工作，但仍然得不到提升。)”提及努力工作却得不
到升职（回报）相呼应，该句应是表达“我们爱的人可能不会回报我们相同的爱”。故选B项。
74. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：归根结底，生活是不公平的。A. abundant大量的；丰盛的；B. smooth平坦的；
顺利的；C. fair公平的；公正的；D. ideal理想的。根据前文提及的举例“We can work harder than anyone else in
the office and still not be ______ . We can be incredibly nice and love someone deeply, and they may not love us ______
.(我们可以比办公室里的任何人都努力工作，但仍然得不到提升。 我们可以非常友好，深爱着某人，但他们可
能不会爱我们。)”可知，作者在这里阐述了生活并不公平。故选C项。
75. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我们许多人来说，这是一个难以下咽的苦果。A. feeling感觉；B. word单词；
话语；C. pill药丸；药片；D. fact事实。根据前文“bitter(苦的)”和后文“swallow(吞下；咽下)”可知，应是指吃
药。故选C项。
76. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，有些人在受到生活哪怕一次不公平的打击后就会停滞不前了。A. died
down逐渐消失；B. looked down俯视；向下看；C. shut down停工；关闭；D. settled down安定下来；专心于。
根据后文“after being hit by even one unfair blow from life(在被生活的不公平打击之后 )”可知，应是受了打击，停滞不前了。故选C项。
77. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是如果我们让生活的不公平打败了我们，我们将永远得不到生活为我们准备
的美丽的祝福。A. confuse使困惑；B. adapt使适应；改编；C. betray背叛；泄露（秘密）；D. defeat打败。根
据后文“we will never receive the beautiful blessings(我们将永远不会收到美丽的祝福)”描述的结果可知，应是被
打败了，一蹶不振了，而再也不能收到祝福。故选D项。
78. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但是如果我们让生活的不公平打败了我们，我们将永远得不到生活为我们
准备的美丽的祝福。A. in effect实际上；生效；B. in return作为报答；C. in store储藏着；必将发生；D. in
demand销路好；有需要。根据后文“But I believed that I could be ______ married one day ______ I always wanted
to experience traditional family life. And then, I met this kind, thoughtful, generous man.(但是我相信我有一天会幸福
的结婚，因为我一直想体验传统的家庭生活。然后，我遇到了这个善良，体贴，慷慨的男人。)”可知，作者用
自己的经历讲述了“如果被不公平战胜，将不会得到生活中的美好”，而这种美好是在不公平之后发生的，是
生活里准备“将发生”的。故选C项。
79. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我第一次失败的婚姻让我感到很不公平。A. arranged安排；B. failed失败；C.
elected选举；选择；D. engaged使参加。根据后文“felt very unfair to me(让我感到很不公平)”可知，作者的第一
次婚姻很失败。故选B项。
80. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论我多么努力地想做一个好妻子，我还是无法维持这段关系。 A. start开始；
B. work工作；产生预期的结果；C. end结束；D. worsen恶化。根据前文“My first ___ marriage felt very unfair
to me(我第一次失败的婚姻让我感到很不公平)”可知，作者的第一次婚姻很失败，无论作者怎样努力，婚姻关系
没有产生预期的结果，选项B“work”用在文中可表达“婚姻关系没有得到维系”。故选B项。
81. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那次经历本来会让我灰心气馁的。A. occupied占用；占据；B. hurt（使）疼痛；
受伤；C. discouraged使灰心；阻止；D. shocked使震惊。根据前文“My first ______ marriage felt very unfair to
me. No matter how hard I had tried to be a good wife, I could not make the relationship ______ .(我第一次失败的婚姻
让我觉得很不公平。无论我多么努力地想做一个好妻子，我还是无法维持这段关系。)”可知，作者的第一次婚
姻很失败，婚姻没有得到好的结果，这应让作者对婚姻很灰心气馁，受打击。故选C项。
82. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我相信我有一天会幸福地结婚，因为我一直想体验传统的家庭生活。A.
proudly得意地；自豪地；B. casually随便地；偶然地；临时地；C. happily快乐地；高兴地；满足地；D. shortly
不久；马上。句首“But”表示转折，因此所选词应与前文“I could have been ______ by that experience.(那次经历
本来会让我灰心气馁的。)”提及的“沮丧；气馁”相反，应是C项“happily”。故选C项。
83. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：但是我相信我有一天会幸福地结婚，因为我一直想体验传统的家庭生活。A.
for that为此；B. in that因为；由于；C. so that以便；所以；D. now that既然；既是。分析语境可知，后文“I
always wanted to experience traditional family life(我一直想体验传统的家庭生活)”是前文“I believed that I could be____12 __ married one day(我相信总有一天我的婚姻会很幸福)”的原因，前后为因果关系，应选择表达因果逻辑
关系的短语。故选B项。
84. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些年来我学到的是，我们可以做所有应该得到好的结果的事情，但却得到了
不好的回报。A. bring带来；把……引入；B. require需要；要求；C. deserve应得；应受；D. serve服务。与后
文“in return(作为回报)”相呼应，此空应是C项“deserve”，表达“得到好的结果”。故选C项。
85. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们面对生活看似不公平时，我们的信念需要介入。A. pleased使满意；使愉
快；B. faced面对；C. burdened使负担；使烦恼；D. filled填满。“be faced with”，固定短语，意为“面对；面
临”。故选B项。
86. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们面对生活看似不公平时，我们的信念需要介入。A. courage勇气；B. faith
信任；信仰；C. judgement判断力；识别力；D. effort努力。前文“My first ______ marriage felt very unfair to me.
(我第一次失败的婚姻让我觉得很不公平。)”以及“But I believed that I could be _____ married one day ______ I
always wanted to experience traditional family life. And then, I met this kind, thoughtful, generous man.(但是我相信我
有一天会幸福的结婚，因为我一直想体验传统的家庭生活。然后，我遇到了这个善良，体贴，慷慨的男人。)”
作者提到了自己的第一次失败的婚姻，但仍然相信自己会有一个幸福的婚姻，最终也有了好的婚姻，由此可知，
作者在强调“信仰；信念”，呼应主旨，此空应是B项“faith”。故选B项。
87. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：当生活没有按照计划进行时，我们必须放弃我们一直期待的结果，继续努力，
做正确的事情。A. ahead of（时间、空间）在……前面；B. according to依据；按照；C. regardless of不管；不顾；
D. related to与……有关。根据空后的“plan”意为“计划”可知，应是指“生活没有按照计划进行”。故选B项。
88. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当生活没有按照计划进行时，我们必须放弃我们一直期待的结果，继续努力，
做正确的事情。A. achieving实现；达成；B. affecting影响；C. expecting期待；期望；D. declining下降；谢绝。
根据前文“When life doesn’t go _____ plan(当生活没有按计划进行时)”提及生活没有按照计划进行，那么就应
该放弃原有的计划，即“原本的期待”，继续努力去做正确的事情，与“plan”相呼应，此空应是 C 项
“expecting”。故选C项。
89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受生活既不公平也不简单的事实。A. Access到达；进入；使用；B. Assume假
定；认为；C. Accept接受；D. Analyze分析。根据后文宾语从句“life is neither fair nor straightforward(生活既不
公平也不简单)”可知，作者应是在阐述事实：生活就是这样不公平也不简单，与后文“by knowing that”相呼应，
应是C项“Accept(接受)”，即，这是必须要接受的。故选C项。
90. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过知道（那个道理），如果我们保持自信，我们就可以把不公平的经历赶走，
利用它们为我们谋取利益。A. substitute代替者；代替物；B. target目标；C. fate命运；D. benefit益处。根据前
文“And by knowing that if we remain confident, we can drive our unfair experiences away(通过知道那个道理，如果
我们保持自信，我们就能赶走不公平的经历)”可知，作者想要表达的应是知道生活的真理之后，保持自信，赶走不公平的经历，并利用这些经历为自己带来收获教训（益处）。 故选D项。
6
Nowadays, we find ourselves communicating more through online channels than before. We take advantage of
them, like messaging, social media and video calls, often at the 91 of face-to-face dialogue. There are certain
situations where online communication is 92 but others where we use it just because we prefer 93 to a
real-life conversation, which arouses a discussion: is online communication preferable in today’s world?
Firstly, I’d like to outline the 94 . It opens up the possibility of communicating with people in different
places as 95 can take place via video conferencing between Stockholm, San Francisco and Shanghai without
taking 96 , exhausting, long-distance business trips. Furthermore, it enables long-distance families and friends to
keep in touch on a daily basis. Additionally, written online communication gives us the option of responding either 97
or at a time that suits us and allows us to edit and 98 our message.
On the other hand, there are several significant 99 to over-reliance on online communication. Some experts
are 100 that a lack of face-to-face interaction 101 the development of vital social skills such as reacting
to real-life situations. Also, the nature of conversation is 102 in the virtual world. If short messages with
emotions 103 longer time of direct conversation with emotions expressed on real faces, we are running the risk of
104 the art of real conversation.
To conclude, online communication brings an overall advantage in today's society. However, we shouldn’t 105
the benefit of face to face dialogue.
91. A. beginning B. expense C. request D. risk
92. A. unnecessary B. meaningful C. challenging D. unavoidable
93. A. visual B. visible C. virtual D. vital
94. A. advantages B. barriers C. risks D. possibilities
95. A. payments B. incidents C. meetings D. classes
96. A. time-consumingB. heart-breaking C. user-friendly D. cost-effective
97. A. permanently B. constantly C. frequently D. instantly
98. A. assess B. polish C. process D. shift
99. A. disadvantages B. puzzles C. improvements D. changes
100. A. annoyed B. curious C. confident D. concerned
101. A. crosses out B. slows down C. turns up D. gets over
102. A. important B. practical C. different D. attractive
103. A. replace B. remove C. review D. revise
104. A. denying B. misunderstanding C. losing D. catching105. A. emphasize B. ignore C. preserve D. destroy
【答案】91. B 92. D 93. C 94. A 95. C 96. A 97. D 98. B 99. A 100. D 101. B 102. C 103. A 104. C
105. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍网上交流的利与弊。总的来说，作者相信在线交流在当今快节奏的全球社
会中带来了整体优势，但我们不应该忽视进行面对面交流的好处。
91. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们利用网络来发信息，社交和打视频电话，通常情况下是以面对面的交流为
代价。A. beginning 开始；B. expense 代价，费用；C. request 请求；D. risk 风险。at the expense of 表示
“以……为代价”；根据前文，我们有很多在线交流渠道，但这势必以面对面交流为代价，即在线交流会减少
人们面对面交流的机会。故选B。
92. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：确实有一些情况在线交流是不可避免的，但是有一些情况我们使用它只是因
为我们更喜欢虚拟而不是现实生活的对话，这引起了大家的讨论：在如今的社会中在线交流更可取吗？A.
unnecessary 没必要的；B. meaningful 有意义的；C. challenging 有挑战性的；D. unavoidable 不可避免的。根据
“but others where we use it just because we prefer ”可知，前后两句进行对比，表明有些情况使用在线交流是不可
避免的。故选D。
93. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：确实有一些情况在线交流是不可避免的，但是有一些情况我们使用它只是因
为我们更喜欢虚拟而不是现实生活的对话，这引起了大家的讨论：在如今的社会中在线交流更可取吗？A.
visual 视觉的；B. visible 可视的；C. virtual虚拟的；D. vital 重要的。prefer…to…表示两者比较更喜欢……，
根据空格后“to a real-life conversation”可知，空格处应指虚拟的对话。故选C。
94. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，我想先列出它的优点。A. advantages 优点，好处；B. barriers 障碍；C.
risks 风险；D. possibilities 可能性。根据下文“It opens up the possibility of communicating with people in different
places as ___ can take place via video conferencing between Stockholm, San Francisco and Shanghai without taking
____, exhausting, long- distance business trips.(它开启了与不同地方的人交流的可能性，因为在斯德哥尔摩，旧金
山和上海之间的会议，可以通过视频会议召开而不用进行耗时耗力的长途商务旅行)”可知，这里是讲在线交流
的好处。故选A。
95. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它开启了与不同地方的人交流的可能性，因为在斯德哥尔摩，旧金山和上海之
间的会议，可以通过视频会议召开而不用进行耗时耗力的长途商务旅行。A. payments 付款；B. incidents 事件；
C. meetings会议；D. classes 班级。根据空格后“can take place via video conferencing”可知，此处指会议。故选
C。
96. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它开启了与不同地方的人交流的可能性,因为在斯德哥尔摩，旧金山和上海之
间会议，可以通过视频会议召开而不用进行耗时耗力的长途商务旅行。A. time-consuming 费时的；B. heart-
breaking心碎的；C. user-friendly 用户友好型的；D. cost-effective 性价比高的。根据上下文可知，如果没有网上视频会议，不同地区的人要开会的话必须长途旅行，费时费力。故选A。
97. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，书面的在线交流让我们可以选择立即或在合适自己的时间作出回应，也
可以让我们编辑和润色我们的信息。A. permanently永远地；B. constantly 不断地；C. frequently 频繁地，经常；
D. instantly 立刻。根据空格后“or at a time that suits us”可知，你可以选择立刻回应也可以找合适自己的时间回
应。故选D。
98. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，书面的在线交流让我们可以选择立即或在合适自己的时间作出回应，也
可以让我们编辑和润色我们的信息。A. assess 评估；B. polish润色；C. process 处理；D. shift 转移。根据空格
前“allows us to edit and”可知，我们可以编辑和润色我们的信息。故选B。
99.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，过度依赖在线交流有几个重大的缺点。A. disadvantages 缺点；B.
puzzles谜团；C. improvements改善；D. changes 改变。根据下文“Some experts are _____ that a lack of face-to-
face interaction ____ the development of vital social skills such as reacting to real-life situations.(一些专家担心，缺
乏面对面的交流会减缓重要社交技能的发展，例如应对现实情况的技能)”可知，这里是讲述在线交流的缺点。
故选A。
100. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些专家担心，缺乏面对面的交流会减缓重要社交技能的发展，例如应对
现实情况的技能。A. annoyed 生气的；B. curious 好奇的；C. confident自信的；D. concerned 担心的。根据空
格后“that a lack of face-to-face interaction _____ the development of vital social skills such as reacting to real-life
situations”可知，这是专家担心的问题。故选D。
101.
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些专家担心，缺乏面对面的交流会减缓重要社交技能的发展，例如应对现实情况
的技能A. crosses out 划掉；B. slows down 减缓；C. turns up 出现；D. gets over 克服。根据空格前“a lack of
face-to-face interaction”以及空格后“the development of vital social skills”可知，前者会对后者造成不良影响，即
减缓社交技能的发展。故选B。
102. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，在虚拟世界中，对话的本质不同的。A. important 重要的；B. practical
实用的；C. different 不同的；D. attractive 吸引人的。根据下文“If short messages with emotions ___longer time
of direct conversation with emotions expressed on real faces, we are running the risk of _____ the art of real
conversation.(如果用带表情符号的短信息取代了长时间的直接对话，没有真实面孔上表达的情感，我们就有可
能失去真正对话的艺术)”可知，在虚拟世界中，对话的本质不同的。故选C。
103. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果用带表情符号的短信息取代了长时间的直接对话，没有真实面孔上表达的
情感，我们就有可能失去真正对话的艺术。A. replace 代替；B. remove 移除；C. review 复习；D. revise 修订。
根据空格前“short messages with emotions”以及空格后“longer time of direct conversation”可知，如果前者取代了后者的话，我们就有可能失去真正对话的艺术。故选A。
104. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果用带表情符号的短信息取代了长时间的直接对话，没有真实面孔上表达的
情感，我们就有可能失去真正对话的艺术。A. denying 否认；B. misunderstanding 误解；C. losing 失去；D.
catching 抓住。根据空格前“the risk”以及空格后“the art of real conversation”可知，此处指冒失去真正对话的艺
术的风险。故选C。
105. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们不应该忽视进行面对面交流的好处。A. emphasize强调；B. ignore
忽视；C. preserve 保存；D. destroy 破坏。根据上文“To conclude, online communication brings an overall
advantage in today's society.(总的来说，我相信在线交流在当今快节奏的全球社会中带来了整体优势)”可知，上文
讲述在线交流的好处，本句开头“However”表示转折，所以虽然在线交流有很多好处，但是同样不能忽视面对
面交流的好处。故选B。
