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专题2.1 高考英语完形填空（一）
一、考情分析
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，缺少故事情节的议论文增
多，综合难度不断提高，特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用，而且完形填空在整个高考试卷中的分值
比重也很高，有15分。完形填空不仅要求学生具有扎实的英语基础知识，还要具备较高的综合理解和语言
运用能力。文章体裁主要包括：1.记叙文；2.夹叙夹议；3.议论文；4.说明文。题材上以思想、文化、商业、
生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
一、考情回顾
近几年高考全国卷完形填空考查情况如下：
2021-2023年，全国卷完形填空考点统计
卷别 新课标I卷 新课标II卷 新课标I卷 新课标II卷 新课标I卷 新课标II卷 合计
年份 2023年 2023年 2022年 2022年 2021年 2021年
词性
动词(短语) 5 8 5 5 9 5 37
名词/代词 8 2 5 7 4 8 34
形容词 4 4 3 3 2 2 16
副词 1 1 4
介词(短语) 1 1
完形填空是一篇250-300字左右的小短文，字数不多，信息量不大，被挖空 15处关键词，显得支离破
碎，学生阅读时，经常被空格打断，磕磕绊绊，毫无流畅阅读的快感而言，也常常被人们叫做“缺词阅
读”。
完形填空是学生感觉最难的题型，许多学生内心深处都对它有一种恐惧心理。要克服这种心理障碍，
就不能采用常规的方法来阅读这种“残缺的文章”，而是要学会跳读，也就是说以尽可能快的速度阅读，
如同从飞机上鸟瞰地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。
换句话说，跳读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅
读速度。跳读，通常以标题、关键词、中心句等为主要阅读对象。完型填空主要考查学生短文阅读理解的
能力。学生需要聚精会神阅读全文，从字里行间寻找一切线索，去理清句子之间、段落之间的关系，掌握全文的中心大意，然后才能正确答题。
二、命题趋势
高考完形填空会继续使用记叙文，文章长度有略有增加的趋势。文章选材较为广泛，但会为中学生所
熟悉的内容，能传递出“正能量”，对学生的人生观、价值观的建立有指导作用，“人与社会”、“人与
自我”仍然是重点主题语境。考点设置仍然坚持以实词为主、虚词为辅的原则，但词汇的考查面会逐渐增
宽，选项设置也会更具有干扰性，设空与语境的联系会更加紧密。设空注重在语境中考查词义，很好地反
映了从重点测试语言形式转向重点测试语言意义的改革方问，反映了“强调应用，注重交际”的命题原则。
完形填空题的4个备选答案，一般都属于同一词类，同一语义范畴，而且往往都和设空前后的单词形成某
种搭配，这样便形成了很强的迷惑性和干扰性。
设空的分类：设空的答案有的由一个句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由语篇内容
综合决定。因此，设空分为：句子层次；句组层次；语篇层次。设空的答案有的由己读过的上文决定，有
的由未读过的下文决定，还有的要综合上下文而定，所以设空又可分为三类：(1)前制性设空；(2)后制性设
空；(3)语篇性设空。不言而喻，前制性设空难度低，后制性设空难度较高，语篇性设空难度最高。一般说
来，三个层次的设空比例各占三分之一。但是，从近年来的高考试题看，语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，
超过了三分之一，反映出“突出语篇”的命题思路。
完形填空题有三个难点：
一是4个备选项有很强的迷惑性和干扰性；
二是句组层次和语篇层次设空所占的比例高，超过三分之二，尤其是语篇性设空所占的比例超过三分
之一；
三是后制性设空，尤其是语篇层次后制性设空难度大，有的答案提示一直到篇末才出现。
学生要逾越这些难点，不仅需要具备熟练扎实的词句知识，而且需要具备很强的阅读理解能力以及逻
辑推理、判断分析的能力。从深层来讲还要具备良好的语言经验和白觉的语言意识。只有具备了这些综合
素质，学生才能顺利“完形”。从历年高考试题看，正是由于试题的这些特点使这一题型体现了很好的区
分度。
为了让学生迅速进入主题，为理解文章奠定基础，命题者总是保留一个完整或基本完整的句子不设空。
这个不设空的句子就是提示句，往往出现在文章的开头。通过提示句，学生可以确定文章的话题、主题、
背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，也可以确定文体，从而适当地把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“完
形”的目的。文章的其余部分也可能出现一些不设空的句子，或者即使设空、但主干信息仍然能够读懂的
句子，也可以作为提示句。
三、解题技巧
1. 跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什
么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what, 即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试
语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释
说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。
首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，
它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的
信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。
Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became
a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.
本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐
器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而
能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。
2. 利用语法分析解题
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所
学的词汇知识，分析单词（组）的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全
面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：
5 1 do you suppose he asked for them?
51. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which
【解析】本题中，do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此
空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What, Who或 Which.
3. 利用固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是
英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的”习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对
词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能
力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：
They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never 1 2 baths.
12. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered
【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为”洗澡”。
4. 利用固定句型解题
完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目
的答案很有帮助。如：I haven’t had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and it’s several days 1 9 I used a phone box.
19. A. as B. when C. if D. since
【解析】本题考查的是it’s … since …句型，意为”自从……已（多长时间了）”。这句话的意思是”
自从我上次打投币电话已经有好几天了”。
5. 利用复现信息解题
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现
等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同
现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：
First of all, I respected his 3 to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly
delivered, students crowded into his classroom.
3. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. Devotion
【解析】空格后面的句子说到教授的讲座准备充分、讲解清楚（well-prepared and clearly delivered），
由此可知教授为教育做出了很大的贡献，devotion to sth意为”对……贡献……”，与下文相通。
6. 利用跳读法解题
一般而言，完形填空要填的15空中总有一些空是相对简单的。对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，
再逐个去突破其他空。跳过不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：
“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He 1 up and looked around. A short distance away, a
group of 2 stood quietly watching us. One of them 3 walking toward us. We both jumped to our 4
not knowing what to expect.
1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put
2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants
3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired
4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet
【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump to one’s feet
(跳起来)；由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向”我们”走了过来，所以”我们”才跳了起来；
再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是”我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以
第一空的答案为A；最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B.
7. 巧用排除法解题
在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析
结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：
He put the books into the return box. And after a brief 6 in the toilet, he would be on his way to theplayground to meet Eric.
6. A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop
【解析】此题答案为D. 人不可能在厕所里休息(rest, break)或是散步(walk)，由此排除另外三个选项。
When I started playing 1 9 him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.
19. A. at B. by C. for D. around
【解析】此题用排除法，by和around都有”在……旁边”的意思，要选都要选，故排除这两个答案，play
at后接游戏名，是”做……游戏”的意思，也可排除。故答案为C。
8. 利用逻辑关系解题
尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所
谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可
以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。
这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。
(1) 句中逻辑关系
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45
nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more
specific functions in the body.
45. A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely
【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和 and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰 carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen的usually必然和修饰nitrogen的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考
虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly和partly都表示了部分、量
的含义，与频度无关。rarely (很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一
对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes（不时，有时）恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对
应。故选C。
(4)句间逻辑关系
在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体
现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间
表现出来。如：
Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. 1 3 , she encourages them to get 1 4 ways to
do business.
13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是”Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子
捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。
(3) 段间逻辑关系 这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：
Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 2 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 40th century, followed by
the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the
media was not immediately apparent.
29. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore
【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现；第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题
出现在第二段的第一句，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前
段末句意为”不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为”大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之
间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。
9. 巧用背景常识解题
解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来
考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知
道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语
语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握
的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从
重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时
间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如：
After 2 the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile
journey back.
2. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是”安插”“插
牢”，故答案为plant。
10.利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常
常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如：
A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who
does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable【解析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的 a small, noisy room with the
television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明”相同的作业”对于”不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实
上的不公平。答案为C。
11. 利用平行结构解题
平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结
构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的
关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的
句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。如：
Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 51 for children
to work at home in their free time. 5 2 , they argue that most teachers do not 5 3 plan the homework tasks
they give to pupils.
51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant
52. A. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover
53. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly
【解析】排比结构由Many people think that……They say that……they argue that……所组成。在意义上表现
了人们（学生家长）对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入，要求考生首先
把握结构所体现的”主题” —— 抱怨作业太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。
即：作业过多”too much homework”；所以，课余学生在家做作业是没必要的”unnecessary”；不仅如此，
教师对作业的设计也不合适”not properly”。故答案分别为A、D、C.
12. 利用暗示和对应解题
完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索
的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题
时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合
乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如：
……he would join student groups to discuss a variety of 4 7 : agriculture, diving and mathematics.
47. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture, diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可
得出本题的答案为B.
13. 根据文章的感情色彩解题
考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性
词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如：When Ed first phoned and 37 (suggested) we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an 38 (easy)
victory. After all, Ed’s idea of 39 (exercise) has always been nothing more 40 (effort-making) than
lifting a fork to his mouth. 41 (As long as) I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the
family, and 4 2 (strangely) proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt
and trousers.
【解析】读这一部分，我们明显看到作者是看不清Ed的，用词有laughed, victory, nothing more than, least
fit, strangely, big stomach等。在这样的描述下，人们就会很容易地想到，”我”与Ed比赛，那简直易如反
掌（an easy victory），在”我”眼中他那么差，然而他却以自己为自豪，我们怎么会觉得不奇怪
（strangely）呢？因此从对人物反面的描述，我们得出这些答案就不难了。
14. 综合利用各种线索解题
完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确
理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索（graphic and
morphological clues）、词汇线索（lexical clues）、句法线索（syntactical clues）、社会文化线索（socio-
cultural clues），并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。如：
And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o’clock three days from that day… Since he was 44
in three days, Andy didn’t lose anytime.
44. A. moving B. returning C. staying D. leaving
【解析】单从这句来看，考生实难判断出正确答案，但如果结合前文，就可以找到设空部分的解题线索
——上文中出现的词汇leaving. 故本题答案为D。
有时题目的答案在短文中就有出现，如能找出线索，解题就易如反掌。
四、完形填空解题技巧 易错点
1.熟词生义掌握不全面
Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest told the front-desk clerk she
had had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet
________.
A. developed B. taken C. washed D. loaded
【解析】选A。develop熟义是“发展”，film在此意为“胶片”，develop意为“冲印”。
所谓的“熟词生义”就是指有些词尽管我们认识，但出现在完形或阅读中如果运用常见的含义来理解
的话，会导致理解错误，文不对题，不知所云，这时我们就要换个角度运用这个词的特殊含义来理解。平
时要注意这些“熟词生义”的练习、巩固、背诵。
2.忽视语境关系Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. one morning in 2009, Larry was _______ along 165 north after delivering
to one of his customers.
A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing
【解析】选C。根据Larry的工作性质和下文的deliver可知他送完货后应该是开着车沿看公路行驶。故用
travel表示“(以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内)行进”；而walk“步行”，rush“快速运输，速送”，
tour“观光旅行”。
近几年高考英语完形的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的练习，它
包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。正因为完形主要考查学生对语
境的理解能力，所以设空的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)。做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内
容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。
3.忽视词汇复现
Wise-buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The _______ you go about
purchasing an article or a service can actually save your money or can add to the lost.
A. form B. fashion C. way D. method
【解析】选C。这里是说购物的方式，自然应选way。上文也出现了way，原词复现。
完形的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代
现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、概括词等出现
在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。完形的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，
据此可快速找出正确答案。原词复现、近义词或同义词复现，反义词复现。
4.脱离作者表达的思想情感而主观臆断
I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. As a result,
at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was _______ 7 to 9 and
Ed was leading.
A. mistakenly B. then C. instead D. naturally
【解析】选C。surprised一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort, get
into shape等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择提到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead都是由惊讶得出
来的。
阅读过程中，要把握文章的语篇情感，尽量与作者产生共鸣，正确理解作者所要表达的思想情感或内
心感受。
5.忽视逻辑关系
That holiday morning, I didn’t have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother allows me to sleep in. and Iwould certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning, ________, I left getting up early.
A. otherwise B. therefore C. however D. besides
【解析】该提后面的“getting up early”和前面的“sleep in”在行文上形成了对比，前后文之间为转折关
系。
做这类题目时一定要很好的把握上下文的逻辑关系，掌握常见的几种表示转折、让步、条件、因果、
并列等逻辑关系的词，再根据上下文语境判断出最佳答案。
6.忽视语法知识和习惯搭配
They told her to stay _______ until emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explode
……she should not move……
A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm
【解析】选B。stay still“静止不动”，根据下文的“she should not move”可知，此处表示它们告诉她要
保持不动的状态，直到救护人员到达。
完形对语法知识的测试重点在名词、代词的数和格、动词的非谓语形式、各种从句、主谓一致关系、
并列结构、倒装结构、动词的时态和语态、虚拟语气等方面，并要注意结合词汇的用法和习惯用语的搭配
关系。
7.忽视背景关系
After ________ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile
journey back.
A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
【解析】选C。根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须要好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插、
插牢”。
要善于利用背景知识，也就是说利用文章所提供的上下文语境来解题。
8.忽视文化情景和生活常识
Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all _______ places of
learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want lies somewhere else instead.
A. public B. traditional C. official D. special
【解析】选B。结合生活常识，School? A friend? A tutor?指的应是传统的(traditional)我们可以求教的地方。
能够积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，尤其是东西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用，加强对题
目的分析和判断。二、真题回顾
(2023年新高考全国I卷)
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have
4 1 the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 4 3 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4 4 when a
runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 4 5 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her
arm to see if she could walk forward with 4 6 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 4 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her
back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 4 8
attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 4 9 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries
in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 5 0 to make it to that aid checkpoint without
Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 5 1 about why her act is considered a big 54 . “She was just crying. I
couldn’t 5 3 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 5 4 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won
the race, but the 5 5 of human kindness won the day.
41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
44. A. race B. school C. town D. training
45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged54. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
【答案】41-45. DADAC 46-50. BDABB 51-55. CDACB
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一
个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
【41题】D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed
跟随；C. changed 改变；D. finished 完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then
another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成
比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
【42题】A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；
B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course
earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞
争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
【43题】D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；
B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed
in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
【44题】A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，
她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第
一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之
二多的时候”。故选A。
【45题】C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴 Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B.
returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮
助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
【46题】B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；
B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能
在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。
【47题】D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终
点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C.
stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
【48题】A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到
终点线，然后又走了 300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical 医疗的；B. public公众的；C.
constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以
是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
【49题】B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己
的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据
下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
【50题】B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那
个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began
crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检
查站”。故选B。
【51题】C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。
A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I
was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件
大事感到困惑。故选C。
【52题】D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。
A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the
right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a
big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
【53题】A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D.
understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后
又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
【54题】C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们
成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of
runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是
一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
【55题】B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret
秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back
and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
(2022年新高考全国I卷)
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42
along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around
his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole
campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn’t end up in the
creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast
in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder
rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in
the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and
towed (拖) us back. We were 53 .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 ,
wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried
44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
【答案】41-45. CADCB 46-50. ADBAC 51-55. ADCDB
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和
家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。
【41题】C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。
A. ideas 想法；B. jokes 笑话；C. memories 记忆；D. discoveries 发现。根据上文“have had wonderful
camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were
little”可知，作者在讲述以前一些经历，这些经历回想起来很有趣，因此作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一
些记忆是有趣的。故选C项。
【42题】A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；
C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping
experiences over the past ten years.”可知，作者与家人在过去的十年来有着美妙的露营经历，而此处作者讲
述的是其中的一次经历，他们一起在溪边露营。故选A项。
【43题】D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的；
B. surprised惊讶的C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to
keep him near to our spot.”可知，作者把一根绳子系在儿子的腰上就是怕自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以可
知作者对此是很担心的。故选D项。
【44题】C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt
未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a
rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可知，
孩子之所以哭是因为身上被绑绳子而感觉不舒服。故选C项。
【45题】B 考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而 是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B.
instead of代替，而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。根据上文“He was ___44___, and his crying let
the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可知，因为孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉
不舒服，所以作者换了另一种方式，选择密切关注他，而不是在他身上绑绳子。故选B项。
【46题】A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B.
happened发生；C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可知，孩
子没有掉进小溪里是因为作者在密切关注着他，以防他掉下去，因此可知作者采取的这种关注小孩而不是用绳子把他绑起来的方式起作用了。故选A项。
【47题】D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断
了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册，报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房，结账离
开；D. headed off 启程，出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the
mountains”可知，天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D项。
【48题】B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断
了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据
上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可知，
因为风暴来临，所以作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B项。
【49题】A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature
温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”以及下文的“thunder rolled.”可知，天
气变得很糟糕，大风刮了起来。故选A项。
【50题】C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start
启动；D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a
dead motor.”可知，作者他们被困在湖中央，是因为马达坏了，发动不起来，因此可知作者的丈夫尝试将船
启动。故选C项。
【51题】A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A. luck好运；B. answer回答；C. wonder惊奇；D.
signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，作者的丈夫再次尝
试启动，船依然无法启动，因此可知他们运气很差，没有好运。故选A项。
【52题】D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳
子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无
助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，在天气恶劣的情况下船无
法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D项。
【53题】C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；
D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可知，作者他们得到了
渔夫的帮助，因此作者和家人安全了。故选C项。
【54题】D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满
兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济；B. duty职责；C. pride自豪；D.
excitement兴奋。根据上文的“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage”以及下文
的“wondering what camping fun”可知，作者他们一看到丈夫把露营车拉出来时，他们就会想知道接下来露营的乐趣是怎么样的，因此可知作者他们是期待接下来的露营，对此充满兴奋之情。故选D项。
【55题】B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满
兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure 失败；B. adventure 冒险；C.
performance表现；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the
garage, we are filled with a sense of ___54___, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience
next”可知，作者与家人想知道下一次露营的乐趣是什么，因此也十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B项。
三、最新模拟试题
(1)
(2023秋·广东佛山·高三佛山市顺德区容山中学校考阶段练习)
A 3-year-old girl is back home after a man found her wandering on the city’s southwest side early Sunday
morning.
Botello, who works for Villa Pizza and has seven children, said he was in the middle of a 1 around
3a.m. when he saw a young girl 2 around the McConnell parking lot.
“I ran to the door and gave people their food,” said Botello. “I went back looking for her but failed, so I drove
around for a minute. Without finding her, I started pulling into the parking lots.” He finally 3 the girl who
was curled (蜷缩) up between two blocks, 4 nothing but a T-shirt, diaper (尿裤), and socks. Botello wrapped
her in a hoodie (连帽衫), then called the police. “I had some 5 in my car, so she was drinking some water
and I rubbed her back, letting her know she was okay and she started falling asleep,” said Botello. “She was so 6
and cold.” When officers arrived, they managed to make 7 with the little girl’s mother, who didn’t 8
she was missing and thought she was asleep. It’s unclear how the girl got out or for how long, but the police
believed it was an accident.
“I cannot 9 how her parents feel, but want them to go easy. I don’t think it was anything 10 ,
nobody lets a little kid out.” said Botello. “I just did what I could. I assume somebody would do the same for my
kids.” Botello added that rather than cast 11 , he hoped this incident pushed people to offer 12 in
someone’s time of need. “Sometimes you want to turn a 13 eye but, you never know who you’re saving,”
said Botello. “Anybody could have 14 that little girl, there’s lots of foot traffic over there, so I’m glad she
15 made it home safe.”
1. A. delivery B. training C. dream D. meal2. A. dancing B. running C. drawing D. riding
3. A. hit B. missed C. called D. spotted
4. A. wearing B. purchasing C. carrying D. begging
5. A. money B. water C. clothes D. pizzas
6. A. exhausted B. excited C. careless D. cautious
7. A. comparison B. trouble C. contact D. peace
8. A. admit B. realize C. regret D. cover
9. A. bear B. complain C. imagine D. doubt
10. A. hopeful B. thankful C. sorrowful D. purposeful
11. A. votes B. smiles C. light D. judgment
12. A. advice B. work C. praise D. help
13. A. critical B. sharp C. blind D. green
14. A. picked up B. turned down C. laughed at D. looked after
15. A. proudly B. secretly C. eventually D. hardly
(2)
(2023春·广东珠海·高三珠海市第三中学校考阶段练习)
After an 11-year career, Philadelphia-based barber Brennon Jones decided to give back to his community.
Without a 1 of his own, Jones offered free haircuts to the 2 on sidewalks and street comers. With a
“daily mission of giving back and 3 love,” Jones completed as many as 20 haircuts a day, and 4
traveled to homeless hotspots like Camden, New Jersey.
One day in April 2017, a man named Sean Johnson 5 Jones while he was out cutting hair and asked him
what he 6 to do during the cold winter. Jones replied that he would 7 have to put off Haircuts For
Homeless (HC4H). A few months later Jones received a call from Johnson 8 him to meet at his newly
redecorated barbershop. He 9 him the keys and said, “If you like it, it’s yours.”
Completely 10 by the stranger’s kindness, Jones named his newly opened shop Phenomenon Perfection.
Believing that “the greatest joy in life is being able to 11 others, “Jones will continue to host haircuts for
the homeless during weekly “Makeover Mondays” where 12 can also enjoy a free meal. “To us it’s just a
haircut, 13 to them it’s so much more. It’s a sense of self-esteem,” says Jones.
The homeless 14 is often overlooked, but now there’s hope for them. Brennon Jones might have been
like an angel to the homeless, but Sean Johnson ended up being an angel as well. With his 15 gift, Jones cannow continue to help those who need help the most.
1. A. home B. shop C. garden D. bar
2. A. old B. poor C. homeless D. rich
3. A. spreading B. gathering C. seeking D. winning
4. A. never B. once C. still D. even
5. A. impressed B. accompanied C. guided D. approached
6. A. struggled B. promised C. planned D. refused
7. A. probably B. eagerly C. willingly D. entirely
8. A. ordering B. asking C. requiring D. recommending
9. A. returned B. fetched C. handed D. bought
10. A. moved B. reminded C. amused D. sponsored
11. A. inspire B. respect C. appreciate D. serve
12. A. employees B. clients C. assistants D. partners
13. A. and B. but C. so D. or
14. A. community B. identity C. application D. donation
15. A. expensive B. traditional C. amazing D. creative
(3)
(2023秋·湖北武汉·高三武钢三中校考阶段练习)
The Maranhão region of northern Brazil is my ancestral home. For centuries, we have 1 our natural
world there, looking after the Amazon rainforest. Our 2 help us sustain the environment, and in return nature
3 us: trees give us food and medicine.
But today, our environment is being destroyed for capitalist (资本家) 4 and gain. Around us is illegal
5 and mining. In 2012, we found 72 illegal entry points in our territory which needed 6 . We founded the
Guardians of the Forest. We local people took matters into our own hands to 7 our land. For me, there was no
question I would be part of this 8 .
When we see an illegal camp or 9 a new incursion (入侵), we Guardians have an 1 0 in dealing
with them. Our knowledge of the forest runs far deeper than theirs. Our networks coordinate (协同动作), study the
area, and prepare to 1 1 . We agree on tactics(战术), then 1 2 the camps, and destroy their huts and
equipment. We take their trucks apart, and burn their tractors. They are left with no choice but to go 1 3 .
Our resistance is 1 4 . Today there are only five illegal entry points into our land. This 1 5 extendsbeyond our territory’s borders – it’s about our grandchildren having a chance at a future.
1. A. escaped B. promoted C. explored D. preserved
2. A. traditions B. blessings C. possessions D. warnings
3. A. turns against B. provides for C. relies on D. submits to
4. A. charity B. mercy C. greed D. duty
5. A. logging B. advertising C. spying D. shipping
6. A. exposing B. closing C. confirming D. reserving
7. A. farm B. develop C. rent D. protect
8. A. liberation B. tolerance C. resistance D. construction
9. A. oppose B. identify C. visualize D. launch
10. A. option B. excuse C. impression D. advantage
11. A. act B. stay C. leave D. wait
12. A. sell B. empty C. surround D. repair
13. A. hiking B. packing C. boating D. sightseeing
14. A. working B. beginning C. ending D. withdrawing
15. A. investment B. arrangement C. negotiation D. struggle
(4)
(2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考模拟预测)
“Hey!’ You have a hairless spot on the back of your head!” Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.
I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.” I worked to sound 1 .
At first, the loss was minimal. 2 the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day. No new
hair, smooth as an egg. Weeks later, the spot was a little larger, and there was still no 3 of any hair poking
through the skin. I began to 4 , but continued to try to be cool about it.
As days went by, my hair started to fall faster and more. 5 my fingers through it, I would stare at the
alarming quantity of hair in my hands, willing this to 6 happening to me.
We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia (脱发症). He recommended an injection to
try, which would be 7 to the head skin. I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.
8 the injection began to trouble my sleep, and we finally had to stop the 9 . My hair still didn’t
grow back.
I had to wear a wig (假发) to school every day, worried it might slip one day and that everything would
10 . Though aware that I should 11 the fact to my friends, I was scared, not knowing how they wouldhandle the information. 12 , hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise,
they all thought nothing of it. This was a(n) 13 for me.
I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault, and not something I should feel 14 of. I am
learning that being bald doesn’t change who I am, and if I don’t let it affect my self 15 then other people are
much more likely to accept me as I am, too.
1. A. mild B. calm C. upset D. relieved
2. A. Checking B. Polishing C. Clearing D. Covering
3. A. sense B. chance C. sign D. way
4. A. wonder B. panic C. swing D. withdraw
5. A. Reaching B. Shifting C. Feeling D. Running
6. A. delay B. avoid C. cease D. keep
7. A. attached B. connected C. guided D. applied
8. A. After all B. Worse still C. In brief D. By contrast
9. A. motion B. procedure C. routine D. mission
10. A. break out B. draw to a close C. fade away D. come to light
11. A. reveal B. restrict C. distribute D. highlight
12. A. Instead B. Furthermore C. Anyway D. Thus
13. A. blow B. credit C. exception D. miracle
14. A. proud B. ashamed C. fond D. guilty
15. A. evaluation B. introduction C. acceptance D. dependence
(5)
(2023秋·浙江金华·高三浙江金华第一中学校考阶段练习)
I was traveling on an overnight bus in Maharashtra. The bus was more than packed； all 55 seats were 1
and there were some 20 people standing in the aisle. The air inside was hot and filled with strange, unpleasant
smells. The hot day 2 the discomfort of the bumpy, 10-hour journey. Because I was traveling on a student
pass, I could not 3 a reserved seat. I had no option but to stand — quite 4 .
After around two long hours, I was beyond exhausted and bored. I kept trying to 5 myself, shifting my
body weight from one leg to the other to manage the comfort. I suddenly felt a soft hand 6 my elbow. Turning
around, I found a middle-aged man with a kind smile looking up at me. He stood up and said I could take his 7
for some time. I was pleasantly surprised and immediately accepted his offer. After 20 minutes, I 8 him totake back his space. A man, who was sitting by the window on the other side of the bus, had observed our 9
.
Just then, something magical happened. Our observer 1 0 stood up and offered his seat to another
standing man. This game of seat-sharing 1 1 through the bus and, before long, almost all the standers got a
chance to be seated. People even started chatting with each other while exchanging 1 2 , and soon began
sharing joke s and singing. The rest of the journey was quite enjoyable.
The bus reached its destination in the early morning. The groups quickly 1 3 and went their way. But this
1 4 experience has stayed with me even after all these years. It revealed to me an important fact that we can all
1 5 what we have, including our burdens, and help our co-passengers in this journey called life.
1. A. booked B. offered C. occupied D. used
2. A. added to B. belonged to C. referred to D. turned to
3. A. admit B. complain C. notice D. claim
4. A. freely B. uncomfortably C. pleasantly D. sadly
5. A. enjoy B. promise C. remind D. balance
6. A. tapping B. hitting C. raising D. dropping
7. A. ticket B. seat C. order D. chance
8. A. informed B. instructed C. signaled D. required
9. A. cooperation B. argument C. exchange D. conflict
10. A. occasionally B. especially C. properly D. voluntarily
11. A. extended B. spread C. went D. grew
12. A. numbers B. cards C. positions D. addresses
13. A. separated B. united C. mixed D. rested
14. A. practical B. extraordinary C. common D. unpleasant
15. A. reflect B. treasure C. change D. share
(6)
(2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测)
Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap
continues to widen until senior year.
Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different. But
reading seems to be a(n) 1 , with growing evidence suggesting a similar 2 in writing. The study,published in the journal American Psychologist, provided further 3 to support this view.
David Reilly, lead author of the study, said the study 4 the commonly held view that boys and girls start
grade school with the same cognitive abilities. “It appears that the gender gap for writing tasks has been greatly
5 , and despite our best efforts with changes in teaching methods, that does not appear to be 6 over time,”
he said.
Factors explaining the results could include learning 7 being more prevalent among boys； the pressure
to conform to masculine ideals and the idea of reading and language being 8 ； and slight differences in how
boys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球), the authors believe.
To investigate how 9 levels differed between boys and girls in the U.S., the team studied data collected
over three decades in the National Assessment of Educational Progress. This database of test scores on over 3
million students in the fourth, eighth, and twelfth grades 10 national and state performances in a range of
subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners. Reading and
writing was 11 according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres.
12 , girls were found to perform significantly better in reading and writing tests by fourth grade when
compared with boys of the same age. As children progressed to eighth and twelfth grades, girls continued to
13 boys, but the difference was more noticeable in writing than reading. But what caused this difference in
abilities? Evidence suggests 14 problems, such as being disruptive in class or being aggressive could be
linked to neurological conditions. What is known as lateralization (偏侧化) could also play a role. Boys are
believed to use one hemisphere when reading or writing, while girls appear to use both. The data did not, however,
provide evidence to argue 15 the two genders having different learning styles.
1. A. distinction B. exception C. objection D. limitation
2. A. pattern B. standard C. circumstance D. feature
3. A. strategy B. signal C. sign D. evidence
4. A. confirmed B. represented C. questioned D. introduced
5. A. underestimated B. overemphasized C. underrepresented D. justified
6. A. increasing B. promoting C. accepting D. reducing
7. A. objectives B. drills C. difficulties D. advantages
8. A. innovative B. feminine C. challenging D. fictional
9. A. literacy B. literary C. academic D. cognitive
10. A. pulled down B. settled down C. turned down D. broke down
11. A. granted B. measured C. designed D. engineered12. A. Likewise B. Overall C. However D. Besides
13. A. overtake B. discourage C. parallel D. distinguish
14. A. psychological B. emotional C. behavioral D. mental
15. A. in line with B. at the mercy of C. on account of D. in favor of
(7)
(2023秋·江苏徐州·高三徐州市第七中学校考阶段练习)
When I was a child my father taught me five words that I’ve used all my life — in my acting career, as a
mother, in my business activities. If I 1 that I was afraid of the dark, or if I seemed worried about meeting
new people, Dad would say, “Stand porter to your find.”
A porter is a gatekeeper, who stands at a door letting people in or out. Dad would get me to 2 myself
stopping destructive things—such as fear—at the door, 3 saying. “Come in” to faith, love and self-assurance.
As an actress, before I went on camera, I’d make sure anxiety stayed out and confidence in my ability came
in. As a mother, when I was 4 about my children, I would try not to let worry in but would 5 my mind
with trust in them.
Of course, there were always times I’d 6 those words.
In 1972 my husband, Fillmore Crank, and I opened the doors to our own 7 in North Hollywood. This
was a new business venture for us, and it was a lot more demanding and complicated than we had 8 .
We were on call 24 hours a day. Something was always going 9 . Electricity went on the blink, food
wasn’t delivered, employees called in sick. Once a flu epidemic suddenly left us with no maids. Fillmore gave me a
10 : scrub floors or do the laundry. For 10 days I folded enough king-size sheets to 1 1 the whole state of
California.
Then — there was the 12 crisis. The price of gasoline doubled, and tourism in California 13 . How
could we fill our beds? What if we kept losing money? What if we failed? Fear and worry were sneaking in. But I
caught them just 14 . I stood porter.
I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing.
These days at the hotel, whenever fear tries to 15 , I just smile and point to the sign that reads No
acancy.
1. A. complained B. announced C. recalled D. decided
2. A. busy B. involve C. send D. picture
3. A. so B. and C. but D. or4. A. serious B. curious C. anxious D. cautious
5. A. fill B. change C. read D. ease
6. A. eat B. twist C. exchange D. forget
7. A. clinic B. hotel C. laundry D. restaurant
8. A. figured B. confirmed C. deduced D. suggested
9. A. sour B. missing C. wrong D. pale
10. A. warning B. command C. choice D. solution
11. A. serve B. touch C. decorate D. blanket
12. A. credit B. energy C. identity D. family
13. A. ceased B. recovered C. dropped D. boomed
14. A. on purpose B. in time C. at random D. by chance
15. A. split B. register C. withdraw D. shelter
(8)
(2023秋·江苏镇江·高三江苏省镇江第一中学校考阶段练习)
Jory Fleming, 26, tries to communicate despite autism (自闭症). As a young child, Fleming 1 with
language and withdrew from other children. When he 2 began uttering words in preschool, the words rarely
3 to anyone but him. He was diagnosed with autism at five.
4 him out of himself and into the world became the job of his mother, Kelly Fleming, who 5 her
dreams of becoming a doctor to care for him. She became the 6 of his world, and he would go crazy
whenever she went anywhere without him.
Even with years of treatment, Fleming 7 most conversations until he was about 18. Even if he talks,
speech still 8 unique challenges because Fleming thinks in images instead of language, whatever comes out
of his mouth is the 9 of a painstaking “translation process” that often feels 1 0 and imprecise.
Fleming has a 11 time with many other language problems like common idioms. He also has trouble
predicting how people will 1 2 what he says. He once said his brother looked “sexy” in his sunglasses, and his
family broke out laughing. Moments like these have left Fleming concerned that he will 1 3 say something
hurtful, so he is careful with how he speaks. He often 1 4 a manual (指南) that offers tips for dealing with
people in emotional situations.
Fleming often feels like he’s on his own small island, but works to build 1 5 to the neurotypical (神经病
学的) mainland.1. A. struggled B. worked C. lived D. debated
2. A. naturally B. actually C. directly D. finally
3. A. gave birth B. made sense C. came close D. looked forward
4. A. Cheating B. Driving C. Lifting D. Throwing
5. A. realized B. canceled C. attained D. abandoned
6. A. goal B. center C. dream D. hobby
7. A. started B. shared C. avoided D. banned
8. A. poses B. expects C. stresses D. meets
9. A. lesson B. skill C. result D. trick
10. A. flexible B. awkward C. imaginary D. comfortable
11. A. tough B. harmonious C. cruel D. curious
12. A. question B. receive C. assess D. enjoy
13. A. rarely B. normally C. anxiously D. accidentally
14. A. consults B. buys C. sells D. borrows
15. A. networks B. tracks C. bridges D. islands
