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题型突破 05 完形填空之命题透视
（核心考点精讲精练）
【近年真题考点分布】
年份 完形填空
2023上海春考 名词4；动词5；形3；副2；词组1；其中句内理解6；句组理解5；句际理解4
2022上海春考 名词4；动词5；形4；副0；词组2；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3
2021上海春考 名词6；动词4；形3；副1；词组1；其中句内理解7；句组理解6；句际理解2
2020上海春考 名词6；动词3；形1；副2；词组3；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3
完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、
副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、
商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】 五大方法速判句内层次题
解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题
目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
1．利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个
技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
（2024·上海松江·统考二模）
Digitising historical documents brings huge benefits—files can be ___23___ and distributed, reducing the risk of
their entire loss through physical damage caused by fire or flooding. And developing digital versions reduces ___24___
on the original items.
24. A. fight or flight B. life or death C. wear and tear D. awe and wonder
【答案】 24. C
【24题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：开发数字版本可以减少原始物品的磨损。A. fight or flight战斗或逃跑；B. life or
death生或死；C. wear and tear磨损；D. awe and wonder敬畏和惊叹。根据上文“And developing digital
versions reduces”可知，开发数字版本可以减少原始物品的磨损。故选C。
2．利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积
极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化
复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
（2024·上海宝山·统考二模）
These include media jobs, such as writing advertisements and articles, along with many jobs in the financial
fields and even tech-related jobs such as computer programming. AI is good at ___44___ data, so financial analysts
and market research analysts may find their jobs ___45___.
44. A. searching B. providing C. analyzing D. storing
45. A. at risk B. at work C. at last D. at least
【答案】 44. C 45. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人工智能的发展，它在某些领域中的应用，但是人工智能并不能
完全取代人类。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能擅长分析数据，因此金融分析师和市场研究分析师可能会发现他们的
工作面临风险。A. searching搜索；B. providing提供；C. analyzing分析；D. storing储存。根据下文“so
financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jobs”可知，人工智能擅长分析数据。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：人工智能擅长分析数据，因此金融分析师和市场研究分析师可能会发现他们的工作面临风险。A. at risk有风险；B. at work在工作中；C. at last最后；D. at least至少。根据“AI is
good at ______ data, so financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jobs”可知，因为人工智能
擅长分析数据，因此金融分析师和市场研究分析师可能会发现他们的工作面临风险。故选A项。
3．利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形
成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过
它推断出未知填空的答案。
（2024·上海崇明·统考二模）
Maps, number lines, shapes, artwork and other materials tend to cover elementary classroom walls. However,
too much of a good thing may end up ___41___ attention and learning in young children, according to research
published in Psychological Science.
41. A. attracting B. distracting C. holding D. paying
【答案】41. B
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据发表在《心理科学》上的一项研究，过犹不及可能会分散孩子的注
意力和学习能力。A. attracting吸引；B. distracting使分心；C. holding举办；D. paying支付。根据下文
“They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted”提到在高度装饰的教室里，孩
子们更容易分心，由此可知，此处应表示过犹不及可能会分散孩子的注意力和学习能力。故选B项。
4.利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两
类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
（2024·上海静安·统考二模）
A popular choice, ___34___, is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support, thus creating an
orchard that requires no maintenance.
34. A. for example B. in essence C. on the other hand D. after all
【答案】34. A
【34题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，一项热门选择是栽植比天然林所能负荷更多的果树，从而创造出一座无
需维护的果园。A. for example例如；B. in essence本质上；C. on the other hand另一方面；D. after all毕
竟。根据上文“Miyawaki forests can be customized to local requirements.”可知，空处需要一个短语来引导例
子，以说明梅耶瓦基森林如何根据当地需求进行定制。故选A。
5. 利用语境暗示分析法解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和
段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
（2023·上海黄埔·统考二模）
Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and
physical activity. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially ___44___ though. “We use
language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is ___45___ working,”
44. A. beneficial B. common C. impractical D. rare
【答案】 44. A
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，经常说多种语言可能特别有益。A. beneficial有益的；B. common
共同的；C. impractical不明智的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“Lots of activities are linked to better brain health
in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity.(许多活动都与老年时更好的大
脑健康有关，比如年轻时接受更多的教育和体育锻炼)”提到了许多活动都与老年时更好的大脑健康有关，
比如年轻时接受更多的教育和体育锻炼，而专家表示经常说多种语言可能特别有益。故选A。
四种方法智取句组层次题
比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综
合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根
词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体
情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
（2024·上海嘉定·统考二模）
In an age when everybody is showing off nice things on social media and ____45____ to be something they’re
not, it feels somewhat revolutionary to just tell the truth about what you can’t afford.
The term was first introduced by TikTok (抖音) comedian Lukas Battle. Battle explained his concept in an
interview: simply put, loud budgeting is being ____46____ about what you do and don’t want to spend money on.
Since his video, the concept has caught on rapidly among the ........
46. A. worried B. angry C. honest D. excited
【答案】46. C
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Battle在一次采访中解释了他的概念：简单地说，“大声预算”就是诚实地
说出你想花钱和不想花钱的地方。A. worried担心的；B. angry生气的，愤怒的；C. honest诚实的；D.
excited兴奋的。根据上文“it feels somewhat revolutionary to just tell the truth about what you can’t afford”可知，
“大声预算”就是诚实地说出自己的经济状况与消费计划。故选C。2．利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的
重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮
助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干扰做出正确的选择。
（2023·上海金山·统考二模）
“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where
we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.”
Nevertheless, the impatient entrepreneur is ___51___.
51. A. delightful B. insightful C. open-minded D. optimistic
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这位不耐烦的企业家是乐观的。A. delightful令人高兴的；B. insightful
富有洞察力的；C. open-minded虚心的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据上文““We’re at an interesting stage of a
startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory
approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.”(“我们正处于创业的一个有趣阶段；它
被称为死亡之谷，”斯里拉姆说。“我们目前所处的领域还没有提交监管机构的批准，但我们希望在未来
两年内实现商业化。”)”以及Nevertheless表示转折，说明这位企业家的心态是乐观的。故选D。
3．利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在
的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯
穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列
举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平
时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
（2024·上海闵行·统考二模）
A link in an email, ____50____, attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside
a second additional link.
50. A. in comparison B. after all C. for instance D. in particular
【答案】50. C
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，电子邮件中的链接单独呈现时，比与第二个附加链接一起发送时吸引的
点击量多50%。A. in comparison相比之下；B. after all毕竟；C. for instance例如；D. in particular尤其。根
据上文“______ the number of the available options has the same effect, too.”可知本句是举例说明上文的这个
观点，故选C。
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
（2024·上海虹口·统考二模）In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the
fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___41___
to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of
artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to
___42___ someone’s mind.
41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable
【答案】41. D
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过人工智能(AI)和脑成像技术的结合，无法与外界交流的人的思想和印象
首次被翻译成连续的自然语言。A. eager渴望的；B. ready准备好的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. unable不能
够的。根据“were translated into continuous natural language”和下文“Losing the ability to communicate”可知，
空处修饰people，此处表示一些人无法与外界交流，他们的想法被翻译成语言。故选D项。
三种方法突破语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行
准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。不
急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类
题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。
1. 利用语义复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、
替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之
中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据
这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联
系来决定答案。
（2024·上海杨浦·统考二模）
（2024年杨浦区二模）
4 Ways to Get That Vacation Feeling in Two Days
1. Get creative about ____27____ time
.......
2. Reflect on priorities
........
3. Act like a _____32_____
Decision scientist Nika Kabiri recommends doing something totally new so you can disconnect from the same
old routines _____33_____ your life. Among her favorite ideas: Drive to a part of town you’ve never been to
before, go for a stroll, and grab lunch at the first cute café you see. “The spontaneity（自发性）is what makes
experiences like this feel vacation-like,” Kabiri says.
32. A. resident B. master C. tourist D. neighbor
【答案】 32. C【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种让你在两天内感受到假期的感觉的方法。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：表现得像个游客。A. resident居民；B. master大师；C. tourist游客；D. neighbor
邻居。根据“Among her favorite ideas: Drive to a part of town you’ve never been to before, go for a stroll, and
grab lunch at the first cute café you see.”可知，本段建议要表现得像个游客一样。故选C。
2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者
之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。对比结
构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句
子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的
解题线索。
（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）
....... Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that more people are turning to private (but expensive)
healthcare.
For some, however, there are ___22___. They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting to
other conventional medicine.
22. A. programs B. alternatives C. measures D. scales
【答案】 22. B
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，对一些人来说，还有其他选择。A. programs项目；B. alternatives选择；
C. measures措施；D. scales天平。根据后文“They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting
to other conventional medicine.(他们正在放弃现代药片，转而求助于其他传统药物)”可知，一些人现代药片，
转而求助于其他传统药物，即有其他选择。故选B。
3. 利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，
命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全
文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、
因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学
习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
（2024·上海奉贤·统考二模）
They were ____24____ that these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam, a type of floating
material used in various marine applications.____25____ money, all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct
tape (强力胶布).____26____, they searched the city for various spare parts, gathering whatever they could to bringtheir vision to life.
26. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
【答案】 26. A
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们在城市里寻找各种备件，收集任何他们能把他们的愿景变为现实的
东西。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. However然而。结合前后文语境可知为
因果关系，应用therefore。故选A。
【上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高三下学期开学摸底考】
AI, or deep learning, takes in massive amounts of data from a single domain and automatically learns from the
data to make specific decisions within that domain. It can automatically optimize (优化) human-given goals with
1 memory and superhuman accuracy.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings many 2 . It’s worth
taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution and the 3 that
sometimes surround the topic.
First, let’s talk about job displacement. Because AI can 4 humans at routine tasks, it is technically
capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. 5 , four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First there are creative
jobs. AI needs to be given a 6 to optimize. It cannot 7 as scientists, novelists and artists can.
Second, the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI 8 of single domain and Big Data. Then there
are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs won’t employ
as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much 9 : empathetic and compassionate
jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.
As well as job displacement. AI has the potential to 10 inequality - both between the super wealthy
and the displaced workers and also among countries. Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to reap the economic
rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to 11 job displacement.
The technology also poses serious challenges in terms of 12 . The consequences of hacking into AI -
controlled systems could be severe.
Finally, there are the issues of privacy, worsened prejudices and manipulation (操纵). Sadly we’ve already seen
13 on this front. Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at
the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.
All of these risks require governments, businesses and technologists to 14 develop a new rule book for
AI applications. And rather than compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together
to ensure this technology is used for the 15 of all.1．A．deep B．specific C．unlimited D．accurate
2．A．doubts B．possibilities C．decisions D．challenges
3．A．misunderstanding B．underestimates C．controversies D．arguments
4．A．dismiss B．outperform C．reject D．enroll
5．A．In fact B．By comparison C．In addition D．As a result
6．A．job B．goal C．risk D．topic
7．A．research B．learn C．serve D．invent
8．A．automation B．displacement C．limitation D．complication
9．A．easier B．larger C．smarter D．quicker
10．A．maintain B．remove C．multiply D．conceal
11．A．destabilize B．enhance C．relieve D．preserve
12．A．security B．control C．severity D．advancement
13．A．prejudices B．issues C．temptations D．failures
14．A．hold on B．work together C．take off D．back up
15．A．competition B．application C．rules D．good
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．C
12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能的好处以及一些常见的关于人工智能的误解。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它可以自动优化人类给定的目标，具有无限的记忆和超人的准确性。A.
deep深的；B. specific特别的；C. unlimited无限制的；D. accurate准确的。根据上文“It can automatically
optimize human-given goals with”中it指代人工智能，所以是拥有无限的记忆。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能的潜在应用非常令人兴奋，但人工智能的兴起也带来了许多挑战。
A. doubts怀疑；B. possibilities可能性；C. decisions决定；D. challenges挑战。根据后文“the genuine risks of
this coming technological revolution”可知，指人工智能的兴起也带来了许多挑战。故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有必要花点时间来理清即将到来的技术革命的真正风险，以及围绕这
个话题的误解。A. misunderstanding误解；B. underestimates低估；C. controversies争论；D. arguments争论。
根据后文主要解释了一些关于人工智能的误解，包括工作岗位、安全等方面的误解。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于人工智能可以在日常任务中超越人类，从技术上讲，它有能力在未来
15年左右取代数亿个白领和蓝领工作岗位。A. dismiss解散；B. outperform胜过；C. reject拒绝；D. enroll
登记。根据后文“it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the
next 15 years or so. (从技术上讲，在未来15年左右的时间里，它有能力取代数亿白领和蓝领工作岗位)”可知
人工智能可以在日常任务中超越人类，故选B。
5．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，有四种工作完全没有风险。A. In fact实际上；B. By comparison相
比之下；C. In addition此外；D. As a result因此。根据后文“four types of jobs are not at risk at all”可知，实际上有四种工作完全没有风险。故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能需要被赋予一个优化的目标。A. job工作；B. goal目标；C. risk风
险；D. topic主题。呼应上文“It can automatically optimize human-given goals”指人工智能需要被赋予一个优
化的目标。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不能像科学家、小说家和艺术家那样发明创造。A. research研究；B.
learn学习；C. serve服务；D. invent发明。根据后文“as scientists, novelists and artists can”可知，人工智能
不能像科学家、小说家和艺术家那样发明创造。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，复杂的战略性工作远远超出了单一领域和大数据的人工智能限制。
A. automation自动化；B. displacement流亡；C. limitation限制；D. complication复杂化。根据上文“strategic
jobs go well beyond the AI”指这类工作的复杂性要超过人工智能的限制，就不会被取代。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不用担心，因为第四种类型要大得多：同理心和同情心的工作，如教师、
保姆和医生，这是人工智能无法胜任的。A. easier更容易的；B. larger更大的；C. smarter更聪明的；D.
quicker更快的。根据后文“empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI
is not capable of.”可知，第四类工作范围要大得多，故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能有可能加剧不平等——无论是超级富豪和失业工人之间，还是国
家之间。A. maintain保持；B. remove去除；C. multiply倍增；D. conceal隐藏。根据后文“both between the
super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries.”指人工智能有可能加剧不平等——无论是超
级富豪和失业工人之间，还是国家之间。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：较贫穷和较小的国家将无法获得人工智能带来的经济回报，也不太适合缓
解就业流失。A. destabilize使动摇；B. enhance加强；C. relieve缓解；D. preserve保护。根据后文“job
displacement”指缓解就业流失，应用relieve。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术在安全方面也提出了严峻的挑战。A. security安全；B. control控
制；C. severity严重；D. advancement前进。根据后文“The consequences of hacking into AI-controlled systems
could be severe. (入侵人工智能控制系统的后果可能很严重)”可知，这项技术在安全方面也提出了严峻的挑
战。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：遗憾的是，我们已经看到了这方面的失败。A. prejudices偏见；B. issues问
题；C. temptations 诱惑；D. failures 失败。根据后文“Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI
technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.
(Facebook无法抗拒利用人工智能技术优化使用和利润的诱惑，以牺牲用户隐私和增加偏见和分歧为代价)”
可知，这方面已经有失败的例子了。故选D。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有这些风险都要求政府、企业和技术人员共同努力，为人工智能应用制
定新的规则。A. hold on稍等；B. work together合作；C. take off起飞；D. back up支持。呼应后文“And
rather than compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together”指政府、企业和技
术人员共同努力，故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：各国不应相互比较，而应分享最佳做法，共同努力确保这项技术被用于造
福所有人。A. competition比赛；B. application申请；C. rules规则；D. good商品。根据上文“And rather than
compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is usedfor the”可知，各国不应相互比较，而应分享最佳做法，共同努力确保这项技术被用于造福所有人，短语for
the good of表示“为了某人或某事的利益”。故选D。
【上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题】
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a
tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely___21___ to negative influences,and
is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means
regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of ___22___teenagers' security is
needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their ___23___the same time,
certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather
___24___, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason
for establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of
streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as
well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence ___26___this belief. For example, when New
Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20
percent.Even more impressive ___27___were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent
juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York
Times).
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their
rights,___28___ their freedom. This opinion is ___29___ supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and
the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there
were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager
to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see
themselves as outlaws, which can ___31___ committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's
misjudged view of certain___32___may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research
conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as ___33___.
Considering this,parents should ___34___the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have
a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ___35___bothsides.
21. A. opposed B. subjected C. related D. restricted
22. A. improving B. restoring C. ensuring D. expanding
23. A. principle B. reference C. approach D. efficiency
24. A. popular B. absent C. practical D. accessible
25. A. Typical B. Evident C. Critical D. Specific
26. A. in place of B. in honor of C. in case of D. in favor of
27. A. results B. events C. patterns D. links
28. A. protecting B. acknowledging C. limiting D. liberating
29. A. officially B. logically C. particularly D. physically
30. A. By contrast B. In addition C. In conclusion D. In general
31. A. take charge of B. contribute to C. result from D. deal with
32. A. rules B. charges C. crimes D. relations
33. A. impolite B. unrealistic C. inadequate D. unfair
34. A. adopt B. allow C. avoid D. address
35. A. satisfy B. spare C. surround D. settle
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C
35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。为了确保青少年的安全，国家对他们实行了宵禁。宵禁降低了青少年的
犯罪率，非常有效，但在一定程度上限制了青少年的自由和权利。本文对宵禁这一举措的优点和缺点进行
了论述。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：它也可能是这样一段时间，在这段时间一个人变得非常容易受负面影响，并被危险
的情况所吸引。A. opposed反对；B. subjected受控制，受影响；C. related联系；D. restricted 受限制。根据
后面的“and is drawn towards dangerous situations（被危险的情况所吸引）”可知，被危险的情况所吸引，自
然易受消极的负面的事物所影响。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种措施，因为宵禁
证明了其有效性。A. improving提高，改善；B. restoring恢复；C. ensuring确保；D. expanding扩大。根据
上句“for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation
as a citizen.” 可知，对于父母来说，孩子的青春期意味着要经常担心他们作为一个公民的安全。那么宵禁就
是确保（ensure）他们的安全的一种措施。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种安全措施，因为
宵禁证明了其有效性。A. principle原则；B. reference参与；C. approach方法；D. efficiency效率。下文主要
叙述了在美国对青少年宵禁相当普遍并卓有成效的例子。可知，宵禁是有效的。故选D。
【24题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：对青少年宵禁的问题在美国广受争议，这种方法在美国仍然相当流行，而在欧洲
民主国家，这一措施尚未得到如此广泛的应用。A. popular流行的，受欢迎的；B. absent缺席的；C.
practical实用的；D. accessible可得到的。根据空前的“The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the
United States”青少年宵禁问题在美国广受争议，以及后面的“ this method is still rather __4__” 中的转折副词
still，表示与前面的句意相反，可知这种方法虽然备受争议，但在美国仍然相当流行。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：典型的宵禁要求17岁以下的青少年从晚上11点开始不要上街。A. Typical典型的，
有代表性的；B. Evident明显的；C. Critical批评的；D. Specific具体的。根据后面的举例，宵禁的时间及针
对的人群可知，这种宵禁非常典型。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：这被认为可以保护他们免受夜幕降临后的罪行，以及违法行为的侵害，而且有确凿
的证据支持这一观点。A. in place of代替；B. in honor of纪念；C. in case of以防；D. in favor of 支持。下
文举例说明这种宵禁使青少年犯罪率下降了，可知，这些都能支持（in favor of）这一种措施的可行性。故
选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：达拉斯的结果更令人印象深刻，(纽约时报)报告称青少年暴力犯罪率下降了30%，
青少年犯罪总犯罪率下降了21%。A. results结果；B. events 事件；C. patterns模式；D. links链接。犯罪率
的下降就是这种措施的结果（results）。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：另一方面，宵禁可被视为剥夺年轻人的权利，限制他们的自由的一种预防措施。A.
protecting保护；B. acknowledging承认；C. limiting限制；D. liberating解放。根据宵禁期间，青少年在晚
上11点后不准上街，可知，宵禁限制（limit）了他们的自由。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持：违反宵禁和相关指控是美国青少年最常犯下的
犯罪之一。A. officially官方地；B. logically逻辑地；C. particularly尤其；D. physically身体上。根据“that
curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United
States.”可知这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：此外，有报道称警方因宵禁逮捕了更多违反规定的非白人青少年。A. By contrast相
比；B. In addition此外；C. In conclusion总之；D. In general一般地。上文说了宵禁限制了青少年的自由，
后面又举一例，可知，空格处要用此外（In addition）。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有这些都会使青少年认为他们已经越过了将自己划分为罪犯的心理防线；因
此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法分子，这可能会导致犯下比宵禁罪更严重的罪行。A. take charge
of 负责；B. contribute to促使，有助于；C. result from 由于；D. deal with处理。分析前后两句的内容，可
知青少年认为自己是不法分子，这会促使（contribute to）他们犯下更重的罪行。故选B。
【32题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在为孩子制定宵禁令时，父母要记住的一点是，青少年对某些规定的错误判断可能
会导致他们在其他方面的不当行为。A. rules规定；B. charges费用；C. crimes犯罪；D. relations关系。宵禁
令是一种规定（rule）。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：由明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明这一点，根据该研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认
为不公平的事情。A. impolite不礼貌的；B. unrealistic不现实的；C. inadequate不足的；D. unfair不公平的。
根据“protest against(抗议)”可知，青少年认为这是不公平的的事，会进行抗议。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格；相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，
旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A. adopt采纳，收养；B. allow允许；C. avoid避免；D.
address解决。上文说青少年在认为某事对自己不公平时会抗议。以及“have a conversation with their teenager
that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions”可知，要与青少年进行一次旨在找到理想条件的谈话，家长要
避免（avoid）专制。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格;相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨
在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A. satisfy满足；B. spare留出，抽出；C. surround包围；D.
settle解决。上文说要与青少年对话，不能专制，目的就是让双方满意（satisfy）。故选A。
（2024年杨浦区二模）
4 Ways to Get That Vacation Feeling in Two Days
Going on vacation every week? It might sound like the ____21____ dream. But a simple mindset
____22____ can make it happen—no travel involved.
A few years ago, Holmes and her colleagues began ____23____ the importance of taking vacations. In a
series of experiments, Holmes’ team ____24____ 441 U.S. workers to either spend the weekend like any other, or
treat it like a vacation. When they were back at work on Monday, people who had adopted a vacation mindset
reported being happier and less stressed.
“What was somewhat surprising is that the effect wasn’t driven by people spending time all that
____25____,” Holmes says. “It was this mindset that allowed them to be more present, ____26____ being in
“doing” mode, it allowed people to settle in and be in the moment.
We asked people to share their favorite tips for adopting a vacation mindset at home.
1. Get creative about ____27____ time
Not everyone has Saturday and Sunday off work and actually some people often find their weekend schedules
fully ____28____. You could still apply the philosophy. For example, devote an hour on Sunday morning to the
____29____, but protect the rest of the weekend as your vacation time.
2. Reflect on prioritiesFocus on what makes a vacation different from a _____30_____ weekend. “Does it mean turning off your
email notifications? Spending money carelessly? “Maybe it means being able to spend time with people you don’t
normally get to see, or giving yourself a break on a workout,” Holmes says. “It’s helpful to make a list of those
things and be able to _____31_____.”
3. Act like a _____32_____
Decision scientist Nika Kabiri recommends doing something totally new so you can disconnect from the same
old routines _____33_____ your life. Among her favorite ideas: Drive to a part of town you’ve never been to
,
before go for a stroll, and grab lunch at the first cute café you see. “The spontaneity（自发性）is what makes
experiences like this feel vacation-like,” Kabiri says.
4. Don’t put extra pressure on yourself
Treating your weekend like a vacation doesn’t mean it needs to be a complicated affair. If your “vacation”
encounters a few problems or lasts for only a few hours—don’t worry. “It doesn’t have to be all or nothing,” Kabiri
says. “Don’t put pressure on yourself to have this ‘perfect vacation.’” It’s _____34_____ to be fun.
_____35_____, there’s always another one just a few days away.
21. A. unattainable B. inharmonious C. incomplete D. unprofessional
22. A. study B. shift C. trend D. proposal
23. A. representing B. ranking C. exploring D. predicting
24. A. persuaded B. challenged C. motivated D. instructed
25. A. practically B. literally C. identically D. differently
26. A. In light of B. Regardless of C. In favor of D. Instead of
27. A. telling B. killing C. making D. changing
28. A. cleared B. packed C. removed D. dominated
29. A. laundry B. recreation C. movies D. picnic
30. A. regular B. dramatic C. primitive D. peaceful
31. A. identify with B. depend on C. follow through D. substitute for
32. A. resident B. master C. tourist D. neighbor
33. A. facilitating B. governing C. revealing D. polishing
34. A. proved B. defined C. described D. meant
35. A. Plus B. Hence C. Still D. Finally
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. D
35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种让你在两天内感受到假期的感觉的方法。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是遥不可及的梦想。A. unattainable无法达到的，不可企及的；B.
inharmonious不和谐的；C. incomplete未完成的；D. unprofessional非专业的。根据“Going on vacation every
week?”可知，每周出去旅行对于普通人来说是遥不可及的梦想。故选A。
【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是一个简单的心态转变可以让它发生——不需要旅行。A. study研究；B.
shift转移，改变；C. trend趋势；D. proposal建议，提议。根据下文“In a series of experiments, Holmes’ team
_______ 441 U.S. workers to either spend the weekend like any other, or treat it like a vacation.”可知，此处指转
变心态。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，霍姆斯和她的同事开始探索度假的重要性。A. representing代表，表现；
B. ranking把……分等级；C. exploring探索；D. predicting预测。根据“In a series of experiments”可知，霍
姆斯和她的同事通过一系列的实验开始探索。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一系列实验中，霍姆斯的团队指示441名美国工人要么像往常一样度过周末，
要么像度假一样度过周末。A. persuaded劝说；B. challenged对……质疑，向……挑战；C. motivated激发，
促使；D. instructed指导，指示。根据“441 U.S. workers to either spend the weekend like any other, or treat it
like a vacation.”可知，霍姆斯的团队对实验过程进行指导。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：霍尔姆斯说:“令人惊讶的是，这种影响并不是由人们花费时间的方式不同造成
的。”A. practically实际地；B. literally字面上；C. identically同一地，相同地；D. differently不同地。根据
“It was this mindset that allowed them to be more present”可知，这种影响并不是由人们花费时间的方式不同
造成的。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：“正是这种心态让他们更活在当下，而不是处于“做”的模式，它让人们安顿
下来，活在当下。”A. In light of考虑到，鉴于；B. Regardless of不管，不顾；C. In favor of支持，有利于；
D. Instead of代替，而不是。上文提到“正是这种心态让他们更活在当下”，结合下文“being in “doing”
mode”可知，不是处于“做”的模式。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：创造性地腾出时间。A. telling告诉；B. killing杀死；C. making制作，安排；D.
changing改变。根据下文“Not everyone has Saturday and Sunday off work and actually some people often find
their weekend schedules fully _______.”可知，周末日程紧张，因此需要创造性挤出时间。make time为固定
搭配，意为“腾出时间做某事，挤出时间。”故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不是每个人周六和周日都不工作，实际上有些人经常发现他们的周末日程排得
满满的。A. cleared清除；B. packed填入，塞进；C. removed去除，移开；D. dominated控制，支配。根据
“Not everyone has Saturday and Sunday off work”可知，此处强调没有时间，因此空处指有些人经常发现他
们的周末日程被塞得满满的。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，周日早上花一个小时洗衣服，但周末剩下的时间作为你的假期。A.
laundry洗衣物；B. recreation娱乐，消遣；C. movies电影；D. picnic野餐。根据下文“but protect the rest of
the weekend as your vacation time.”可知，空处是与假期的娱乐休闲相反的事情，应该是一些家务。故选A。【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关注假期与普通周末的不同之处。A. regular有规律的；B. dramatic戏剧性的，
引人注目的；C. primitive原始的；D. peaceful和平的。根据““Does it mean turning off your email notifications?
Spending money carelessly? “Maybe it means being able to spend time with people you don’t normally get to see, or
giving yourself a break on a workout,””可知，此处表示关注假期与普通周末的不同。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“把这些事情列一个清单，并能够坚持到底，这很有帮助。”A. identify with认
同；B. depend on依靠；C. follow through坚持到底；D. substitute for代替。根据“It’s helpful to make a list of
those things”可知，可知，此处表示将列出的清单坚持到底。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：表现得像个游客。A. resident居民；B. master大师；C. tourist游客；D. neighbor
邻居。根据“Among her favorite ideas: Drive to a part of town you’ve never been to before, go for a stroll, and
grab lunch at the first cute café you see.”可知，本段建议要表现得像个游客一样。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：决策科学家尼卡·卡比里建议做一些全新的事情，这样你就可以从控制你生活的
旧套路中解脱出来。A. facilitating促进，促使；B. governing统治，支配；C. revealing透露，揭示；D.
polishing磨光，润色。根据“so you can disconnect from the same old routines”可知，此处表示把你从控制你
生活的旧套路中解脱出来。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着有趣。A. proved证明；B. defined下定义；C. described描述；D.
meant意味着。根据“Don’t put pressure on yourself to have this ‘perfect vacation.”可知，不要为了‘完美假
期’而给自己施加压力，假期应该意味着是有趣的。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，几天后还会有另一个。A. Plus此外；B. Hence因此；C. Still仍然；D.
Finally最终。根据““It doesn’t have to be all or nothing,” Kabiri says. “Don’t put pressure on yourself to have this
‘perfect vacation.’””可知，不要为了‘完美假期’而给自己施加压力，因为假期应该是充满乐趣的，况且，
几天后又会有另一个假期了。故选A。
（2023年1月·上海真题）
For the past five years. I've been examining the pros and cons of reading on-screen versus in print. The
_______bottom line is that while digital devices may be fine for reading that we don't intend to (41 ) _______or
reread, text that requires what's been called “deep reading”is nearly always better done in print.
Readers themselves have a keen sense of what kind of reading is best suited for which (42) _______. Mysurvey research with university students in the United Sates, Germany. and Japan reveals that if costs are the same,
about 90 percent ( at least in my sample ) (43 )_______ hard copy for schoolwork. If a text is long, 92 percent
would choose hard copy. For (44) _______texts, it's a toss-up.
Digital reading also (45 ) _______distraction and invites multitasking. Among American and Japanese
subjects, 92 percent reported it was easiest to concentrate when reading in hard copy.(The figure for Germany was
98 percent. ) In this country.26 percent indicated they were (46)________to multitask while reading in print, compared
with 85 percent when reading on-screen. Imagine (47)_______with Finnegan's Wake while simultaneously juggling
Facebook and booking a vacation fight. You get the point.
Several open-ended questions on my survey were particularly (48 )_______. I asked what people liked most
( and least) about reading in each medium. Common (49)_______for what students liked most about reading in print
included “I can write on the pages and remember the material easier” and “it's easier to focus.” When asked what
they liked least about reading (50 )_______, a number of Japanese students reported that it wasn't “real reading,”
while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get distracted” or “don't absorb as much.”
My all-time favorite reply to the question "What is the one thing you (51 )________about reading in print?"
came from an American: "It takes me longer because I read more carefully. " Isn't careful reading what academe was
designed to promote?
Readings in the humanities tend to be lengthy, intellectually weighty, or both. The (52)_______of digital reading
for the humanities is that screens-particularly those on devices with Internet connections-undermine our encounters
with meaty texts. These (53 ) ________weren't designed for focused concentration, reading slowly, pausing to argue
virtually with the author,or rereading. (54 )_______, they are information and communication machines, best used
for searching and skimming-not scrutinizing.
Teachers and scholars must look beyond today's career-mindedness in talking about challenges to the humanities.
We need to think more carefully about students' mounting rejection of long-form reading , now (55 )_________ by
digital technologies that further complicate our struggle to engage students in serious text-based inquiry.
41. A. make up B.take on C.hold out D.chew over
42. A.design B. medium C. cover D. content
43.A. prefer B.refer C.offer D.transfer
44. A. lower B. higher C.shorter D. longer
45.A.disarms B.encourages C.encaves D. counteracts
46.A. likely B. orderly C. deadly D. cleanly
47.A.delighting B. satisfying C. struggling D.picnicking
48. A.recommending B. indicating C.recognizing D. revealing
49.A.response B.additions C.solutions D.instruments
50. A. casually B.delicately C. digitally D. instantly
51. A.disadvantage B. dislike C.misjudge D. decolour
52. A.advance B. suspect C.pleasure D. challenge
53. A.vehicles B.services C.devices D. figures
54. A. Accordingly B. Rather C.Thus D. Therefore55. A.qualified B.terrified C.identified D.intensified
【答案】41-55 DBACB ACDAC BDCBD
【导读】文章主要是对比了在屏幕上阅读和纸质阅读的利弊。结论是，虽然数字设备适合阅读不需要深入
理解或重复阅读的内容，但对于需要进行“深度阅读”的文本来说，纸质阅读几乎总是更好的选择。调查
研究显示，大部分学生认为纸质阅读更适合学业，尤其是长篇文本。数字阅读容易分散注意力，容易引发
多任务处理，而纸质阅读更利于专注。一些被调查者表示，在纸质阅读时很少分心，而在屏幕上阅读时则
经常分心。针对喜欢纸质阅读的原因，调查结果显示，人们喜欢可以在纸张上做笔记、更容易记住材料和
更容易集中注意力。对于不喜欢数字阅读的原因，一些被调查者表示数字阅读不是“真正的阅读”，还有
人抱怨容易分心或无法吸收足够的信息。最后，文章呼吁教师和学者要关注学生对长篇阅读的拒绝，特别
是数字技术进一步加剧了我们在引导学生进行严肃的以文本为基础的研究方面的挑战。
【解析】
41.D【解析]根据该空之后提及的reread(意为“重读，再读”)可推知，此处想要表述的句意为:“虽然数字设
备可能适合阅读我们不打算反复阅读(chew over)的内容需要所谓‘深度阅读’的文本几乎总是在印刷品中
做得更好”。故选D.ma take on 承担:hold out 保持;chew over 细嚼;仔细考量。
42.B[解析] 结合该段所举例子和文章提及的相关内容，再根据相关选项分析,可推知本篇文章讲述的内容与
阅读媒介相关，即填入 medium 更符合文意，即此句意为:“读者自己对什么样的阅读最适合哪种媒介
(medium)有着敏锐的感觉”故选 B。design n. 设计;设计方案; 布局;安排;构思; medium n.介质:方法:媒介;材
料，形式;cover n.封皮;覆盖物:掩盖，掩饰; content n.内容:含量。
43.A[解析] 结合该空前后提及的 90%的人选择硬堵贝可推知，在所调查的人中这些人更喜欢使用这种方
式，因此结合选项分析，A 项更符合文意。句意为:“我对美国、德国和日本的大学生进行的调查研究表
明，如果成本相同，大约90%的人 (至少在我的样本中) 更喜欢 (prefer) 硬拷贝(即打印件) 作业”。故选
A。prefer v.更喜欢;较喜欢; refer v. 参考;指;描述;谈及; offer v. 提供:供应: transfer v.转移(感情): 转让(权力
等): 改变(环境)。
44.C【解析]结合上文提及的lf a text is long. 92 percent would choose hard copy可知，上文提及了“对于长文
本，人们倾向于硬拷员一，结合选项分析，此处想表述的是一如果文本很长。92%的人会选择硬拷员，对
于较短的(shorter)文本，这是一个悬而未决的问题”。故选 C。lower adj:下面的，在底部的，低注
的:higher adj.高等级的:糖到独高的; shorter adj较相的，更短的; longer adj比较长的; 长期的。
45.B【解析]连词and前后连接并列端分，再根据该空之后提及的invites multitasking可知，数字阅读会导数
多任务处理。结合选项分析，B项符合文意。句意为:一数字阅读也促进(encourages)分散注意力，并引发多
任务处理”。故选B。disarm v.解除……的武装:裁军:使无害,消除…的杀伤力; encourages v. 促进:激励;:刺
激; encaves v.把.搬入洞中: 藏于洞中: counteract v.抵消:抵抗:抵制。
46.[解析]结合该空之后提及的compared with 8.5 percent when reading on-screen可知，此处想要表述的是数
字阅读和印刷品阅读对注意力分散的影响，根据上文可知印刷品阅读注意力分散情况相对低一点。句意为:
“在这个国家，26%的人表示他们在阅读印刷品时可能会(likely)同时处理多项任务，而在屏幕上阅读时这一
比例为85%”。故选 A.likely adj.可能的:有希望的:预料的:adv.可能: 或许;orderly adj.有秩序的:整洁的;有条理
的;表现良好的;adv.依次地:有规则地:有条理地;deadly adj.致命的;极度的;彻底的;枯燥的:adv.极其:非
常;cleanly adv.干净地;清洁地;干净利落地; adj.爱清洁的;干净的。47.C【解析]结合上文提及的“多任务处理”可推知此处想要表述的是三个任务同时进行，因此结合相关选
项,C项符合文意。句意为:“想象一下，一边在Facebook上玩游戏，一边预订度假航班，一边在《芬尼根守
灵记》中苦苦挣扎(struggling)"。故选C。delight v.使高兴:使愉快;使快乐; satisfy v.使满足:使满意:使确信:
向……证实:struggle v.斗争;努力;奋斗;争取;抗争: picnick v.野餐。
48.D【解析]根据句意以及句子结构分析，该空处填入形容词，结合相关选项可知，该句话想要表述的是
“我的调查中有几个开放式的问题特别有启发性(revealing)”，故选 D。recommend v.建议;推荐;介
绍;indicating v.表明;显示:暗示:示意:象征;recognizing v.认识;承认;(正式)认可，接受，赞成; revealing adj.有启
示作用的;给人启发的。
49.A【解析]结合上文内容可知，这里讲述的内容与调查问卷相关，再结合下文提及的a number of Japanese
students reported that it wasn't “real reading," while respondents from all three countries complained that they “get
distracted” or “don't absorb as much”可知，该空应该与被调查的人的回复有关，因此结合选项分析，该空处
想要表述的是:对于学生最喜欢印刷品阅读的内容,常见的回答(responses )包括“我可以在纸上写字，更容易
记住材料”和“更容易集中注意力”。故选A。 responses n.响应;反应;回答;答复;additions n.增加;添
加;solutions n.溶液:解决办法:答案;instruments n.仪器;仪表;器械:手段:器具。
50.C【解析]该段提及的内容是被调查者关于印刷版阅读和数字阅读的相关反馈，结合该空之后提及的 a
number of Japanese students reported that it wasn't "real reading," while respondents from all three countries
complained that they “get distracted" or "don't absorb as much"可知，这里讲述的内容与数字阅读的特点相
关，即此处句意为:“当被问及他们最不喜欢数字(digitally)阅读的地方时，一些日本学生表示这不是‘真正
的阅读’，而来自这三个国家的受访者则抱怨他们‘分心了’或‘吸收不了那么多’”。故选C。casually
adv.随意地:随便地:漫不经心地:delicately adv.合意地;digitally adv.以数字方式;数位地:instantly adv.立即:立刻:
马上。
51.B【解析]根据句子结构分析，该空需要填入动词，故可排除A项，再结合上下文内容可知，此处讲述的
是关于人们是否喜欢某种阅读媒介的问题。因此此处句意为:“对于‘你不喜欢(dislike)在印刷品中阅读的一
件事是什么?’这个问题，我最喜欢的回答来自一位美国人……”。选B。disadvantage n.缺点:不利因素;障
碍:dislike vt.不喜欢;厌恶:不喜爱;misjudge vt.判断错误;错看:形成错误认识:decolour v.脱色;漂白。
52.D【解析]根据下文提及的particularly those on devices with Internet connections--undermine our encounters
with meaty texts可知此处讲述的是数字阅读的缺点，即此处句意为:“数字阅读对人文学科的挑战(challenge)
在于，屏幕--尤其是那些连接互联网的设备上的屏幕会破坏我们与丰富文本的接触”。故选 D。advance n.
进展;行进;进步:预付款:suspect n.嫌疑犯:嫌疑分子:可疑对象:pleasure n.愉快:欣慰:荣幸:challenge n.挑战:质疑:
质询。
53.C【解析]上文提及了数字阅读的缺点，结合相关选项可知，此处与数字阅读联系最为紧密的是C项，即
此处表述的是数字阅读设备的缺陷。句意为:“这些设备(devices)并不是为了集中注意力、慢慢阅读、停下来
与作者进行虚拟辩论或重读而设计的”。故选C。vehicles n.车辆:手段，工具:交通工具:services n.公共事业:
服务性企业;公共服务系统:公共事业机构:devices n,装置:设备;方法:仪器:figures n.位数:算术;数字符号:字
码。
54.B【解析]结合该空前后提及的for focused concentration,reading slowly, pausing to argue virtually with the
author, or rereading 和 they are information and communication machines, best used for searching and skimming-not scrutinizing可知，该空前后是两种完全相反的观点,因此B项符合文意。句意为:“相反(Rather),它们是信
息和通信机器，最好用于搜索和略读，而不是仔细查”。故选B。 Accordingly adv.因此:相应地:所以:照着:
Rather adv.相当地:在某种程度上:有点儿，稍微;相反，反而，而是;Thus adv.因此:从而:这样;所以:如
此:Therefore adv.因此:所以;因而。
55.D【解析]结合上文提及的We need to think more carefully about students' mounting rejection of long-form
reading可知,学生本来就对长格式阅读有排斥感，再结合该空前后内容和相关选项，推知此处想表述的是
“我们需要更仔细地考虑学生们对长格式阅读的日益排斥，现在数字技术加剧了(intensified) 这种排斥，使
我们在让学生参与严肃的基于文本的探究方面的斗争更加复杂”。故选 D。 qualified adj.有资格的;具
备……的知识(或技能);具备……的学历(或资历); terrified adj.很害怕;恐惧;;极度惊慌的;identified adj.被识别
的;经鉴定的;被认同的:intensified adj.加强的。
